[Congressional Record (Bound Edition), Volume 156 (2010), Part 12]
[House]
[Pages 16435-16441]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office, www.gpo.gov]




    GRANTING CONGRESSIONAL GOLD MEDAL TO JAPANESE AMERICAN BATTALION

  Mr. CARSON of Indiana. Madam Speaker, I move to suspend the rules and 
pass the bill (S. 1055) to grant the Congressional Gold Medal, 
collectively, to the 100th Infantry Battalion and the 442nd Regimental 
Combat Team, United States Army, in recognition of their dedicated 
service during World War II.
  The Clerk read the title of the bill.
  The text of the bill is as follows:

                                S. 1055

       Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of 
     the United States of America in Congress assembled,

     SECTION 1. FINDINGS.

       Congress makes the following findings:
       (1) On January 19, 1942, 6 weeks after the December 7, 
     1941, attack on Pearl Harbor by the Japanese Navy, the United 
     States Army discharged all Japanese-Americans in the Reserve 
     Officers Training Corps and changed their draft status to 
     ``4C''--the status of ``enemy alien'' which is ineligible for 
     the draft.
       (2) On January 23, 1942, Japanese-Americans in the military 
     on the mainland were segregated out of their units.
       (3) Further, on May 3, 1942, General John L. DeWitt issued 
     Civilian Exclusion Order No. 346, ordering all people of 
     Japanese ancestry, whether citizens or noncitizens, to report 
     to assembly centers, where they would live until being moved 
     to permanent relocation centers.
       (4) On June 5, 1942, 1,432 predominantly Nisei (second 
     generation Americans of Japanese ancestry) members of the 
     Hawaii Provisional Infantry Battalion were shipped from the 
     Hawaiian Islands to Oakland, CA, where the 100th Infantry 
     Battalion was activated on June 12, 1942, and then shipped to 
     train at Camp McCoy, Wisconsin.
       (5) The excellent training record of the 100th Infantry 
     Battalion and petitions from prominent civilian and military 
     personnel helped convince President Roosevelt and the War 
     Department to reopen military service to Nisei volunteers who 
     were incorporated into the 442nd Regimental Combat Team after 
     it was activated in February of 1943.
       (6) In that same month, the 100th Infantry Battalion was 
     transferred to Camp Shelby, Mississippi, where it continued 
     to train, and even though the battalion was ready to deploy 
     shortly thereafter, the battalion was refused by General 
     Eisenhower, due to concerns over the loyalty and patriotism 
     of the Nisei.
       (7) The 442nd Regimental Combat Team later trained with the 
     100th Infantry Battalion at Camp Shelby in May of 1943.
       (8) Eventually, the 100th Infantry Battalion was deployed 
     to the Mediterranean and entered combat in Italy on September 
     26, 1943.
       (9) Due to their bravery and valor, members of the 
     Battalion were honored with 6 awards of the Distinguished 
     Service Cross in the first 8 weeks of combat.
       (10) The 100th Battalion fought at Cassino, Italy in 
     January 1944, and later accompanied the 34th Infantry 
     Division to Anzio, Italy.
       (11) The 442nd Regimental Combat Team arrived in 
     Civitavecchia, Italy on June 7, 1944, and on June 15 of the 
     following week, the 100th Infantry Battalion was formally 
     made an integral part of the 442nd Regimental Combat Team, 
     and fought for the last 11 months of the war with distinction 
     in Italy, southern France, and Germany.
       (12) The battalion was awarded the Presidential Unit 
     Citation for its actions in battle on June 26-27, 1944.
       (13) The 442nd Regimental became the most decorated unit in 
     United States military history for its size and length of 
     service.
       (14) The 100th Battalion and the 442nd Regimental Combat 
     Team, received 7 Presidential Unit Citations, 21 Medals of 
     Honor, 29 Distinguished Service Crosses, 560 Silver Stars, 
     4,000 Bronze Stars, 22 Legion of Merit Medals, 15 Soldier's 
     Medals, and over 4,000 Purple Hearts, among numerous 
     additional distinctions.
       (15) The United States remains forever indebted to the 
     bravery, valor, and dedication to country these men faced 
     while fighting a 2-fronted battle of discrimination at home 
     and fascism abroad.
       (16) Their commitment and sacrifice demonstrates a highly 
     uncommon and commendable sense of patriotism and honor.
       (17) The Military Intelligence Service (in this Act 
     referred to as the ``MIS'') was made up of about 6,000 
     Japanese American soldiers who conducted highly classified 
     intelligence operations that proved to be vital to United 
     States military successes in the Pacific Theatre.
       (18) As they were discharged from the Army, MIS soldiers 
     were told not to discuss their wartime work, due to its 
     sensitive nature, and their contributions were not known 
     until passage of the Freedom of Information Act in 1974.
       (19) MIS soldiers were attached individually or in small 
     groups to United States and Allied combat units, where they 
     intercepted radio transmissions, translated enemy documents, 
     interrogated enemy prisoners of war, volunteered for 
     reconnaissance and covert intelligence missions, and 
     persuaded enemy combatants to surrender.
       (20) Their contributions continued during the Allied 
     postwar occupation of Japan, and MIS linguistic skills and 
     understanding of Japanese customs were invaluable to 
     occupation forces as they assisted Japan in a peaceful 
     transition to a new, democratic form of government.

     SEC. 2. CONGRESSIONAL GOLD MEDAL.

       (a) Award Authorized.--The Speaker of the House of 
     Representatives and the President pro tempore of the Senate 
     shall make appropriate arrangements for the award, on behalf 
     of the Congress, of a single gold medal of appropriate design 
     to the 100th Infantry Battalion, the 442nd Regimental Combat 
     Team, and the Military Intelligence Service, United States 
     Army, collectively, in recognition of their dedicated service 
     during World War II.
       (b) Design and Striking.--For the purposes of the award 
     referred to in subsection (a), the Secretary of the Treasury 
     (hereafter in this Act referred to as the ``Secretary'') 
     shall strike the gold medal with suitable emblems, devices, 
     and inscriptions, to be determined by the Secretary.
       (c) Smithsonian Institution.--
       (1) In general.--Following the award of the gold medal in 
     honor of the 100th Infantry Battalion, the 442nd Regimental 
     Combat Team, and the Military Intelligence Service, United 
     States Army, under subsection (a), the gold medal shall be 
     given to the Smithsonian Institution, where it will be 
     displayed as appropriate and made available for research.
       (2) Sense of congress.--It is the sense of the Congress 
     that the Smithsonian Institution should make the gold medal 
     received under paragraph (1) available for display elsewhere, 
     particularly at other appropriate locations associated with 
     the 100th Infantry Battalion, the 442nd Regimental Combat 
     Team, and the Military Intelligence Service, United States 
     Army.

     SEC. 3. DUPLICATE MEDALS.

       The Secretary may strike and sell duplicates in bronze of 
     the gold medal struck under section 2, at a price sufficient 
     to cover the costs of the medals, including labor, materials, 
     dies, use of machinery, and overhead expenses.

     SEC. 4. NATIONAL MEDALS.

       Medals struck pursuant to this Act are national medals for 
     purposes of chapter 51 of title 31, United States Code.

     SEC. 5. AUTHORITY TO USE FUNDS; PROCEEDS OF SALE.

       (a) Authority To Use Funds.--There is authorized to be 
     charged against the United States Mint Public Enterprise 
     Fund, an amount not to exceed $30,000 to pay for the cost of 
     the medal authorized under section 2.
       (b) Proceeds of Sale.--Amounts received from the sale of 
     duplicate bronze medals under section 3 shall be deposited in 
     the United States Mint Public Enterprise Fund.

  The SPEAKER pro tempore. Pursuant to the rule, the gentleman from 
Indiana (Mr. Carson) and the gentleman

[[Page 16436]]

from Alabama (Mr. Bachus) each will control 20 minutes.
  The Chair recognizes the gentleman from Indiana.


                             General Leave

  Mr. CARSON of Indiana. I ask unanimous consent that all Members may 
have 5 legislative days within which to revise and extend their remarks 
on this legislation and to insert extraneous material thereon.
  The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there objection to the request of the 
gentleman from Indiana?
  There was no objection.
  Mr. CARSON of Indiana. Madam Speaker, I yield myself such time as I 
may consume.
  Madam Speaker, 6 weeks after the attack on Pearl Harbor, the United 
States Army discharged all Japanese Americans in the Reserve Officers 
Training Corps and changed their draft status to 4C or ``enemy alien,'' 
making them ineligible for the draft.
  Japanese American military soldiers on the mainland were soon 
segregated out of their units. And in a matter of months, all people of 
Japanese ancestry, whether U.S. citizens or not, were ordered by the 
government to report to permanent relocation centers.
  In spite of this treatment at home, thousands of Japanese Americans 
volunteered to serve in our military abroad--to protect our freedoms 
from the threat of fascism. In 1942 over 1,400 second-generation 
Japanese Americans, American troops, known as Nisei, were shipped to 
Oakland, California, to join up with the 100th Infantry Battalion.
  Their excellent training record convinced President Roosevelt to 
reopen military services to Nisei volunteers. These were incorporated 
into the 442nd Regimental Combat Team. The battalion was deployed to 
Italy in 1943, where its members fought with valor, earning six 
Distinguished Service Crosses in the first 8 weeks.
  The battalion was eventually integrated into the 442nd Regimental 
Combat Team where it fought with bravery for the remaining 11 months of 
the war. Together, these units received seven Presidential Unit 
Citations, 21 Medals of Honor, 29 Distinguished Service Crosses, 560 
Silver Stars, 4,000 Bronze Stars, 22 Legion of Merit Medals, 15 
Soldier's Medals, and over 4,000 Purple Hearts.
  While these brave Japanese Americans fought for their country abroad, 
another 6,000 Japanese American soldiers became part of the military 
intelligence services. MIS soldiers conducted highly classified 
intelligence operations that were vital to U.S. military successes in 
the Pacific and in post-war Japan.
  MIS soldiers intercepted radio transmissions, translated enemy 
documents, interrogated enemy prisoners of war, volunteered for 
reconnaissance and covert intelligence missions, and persuaded enemy 
combatants to surrender. Upon discharge from the Army, MIS soldiers 
were prohibited from discussing their wartime work; so their 
accomplishments were not known until many years later.
  It is appropriate that Congress recognize the contributions of these 
brave Japanese Americans with the honor of a Congressional Gold Medal. 
Earlier this Congress the House passed similar legislation introduced 
by the gentleman from California (Mr. Schiff). So today I urge my 
colleagues to support the Senate version of this bill.
  I reserve the balance of my time.
  Mr. BACHUS. Madam Speaker, I yield myself such time as I may consume.
  I rise in support of S. 1055, sponsored by Senator Boxer and recently 
passed by the Senate.
  At this time I want to say to Congressman Carson that I have many 
fond memories of his grandmother. Julia Carson and I served as 
cochairmen of the Zoo and Aquarium Caucus. She was a real lady, and I 
know she is very proud that you have taken her place representing the 
good citizens of Indianapolis. I would just like to acknowledge what a 
fine lady she was, and that's a heritage you can be proud of.
  This legislation, as Congressman Carson said, would award a 
Congressional Gold Medal collectively to the United States Army's 100th 
Infantry Battalion and the 442nd Regimental Combat Team in recognition 
of their exemplary service during World War II.

                              {time}  1730

  This bill makes minor additions to its House companion bill that Mr. 
Carson mentioned by adding language in the findings and the existing 
Sense of Congress section that points out the contributions made by the 
Military Intelligence Service, which was made up of 6,000 Japanese 
American soldiers.
  The House bill was cosponsored by 296 Members and agreed to by this 
Chamber in May of last year. I urge my colleagues to again support this 
legislation.
  As we all know, the world changed instantly after the dreadful attack 
on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941. I think for the first time, on 9/
11, many Americans could get some sense of what it must have been like 
to have lived during those times. And though its impact was felt by 
every American, Japanese Americans were hit particularly hard.
  Six weeks after the attack, the U.S. Army discharged all Japanese 
Americans in the Reserve Officers Training Corps and changed their 
draft status to ``enemy alien.'' Active military Japanese Americans 
were segregated out of their units. We all know what happened 
afterwards. The U.S. and Canadian Governments gathered Japanese 
Americans in all the Western States and moved them to internment camps.
  In June of 1942, the 1,400 members of the Hawaii Provisional Infantry 
Battalion were shipped from the Islands to Oakland and formed into the 
100th Infantry Battalion, and then they were shipped to Wisconsin by 
train for training. Eight months later, based on the battalion's 
excellent training record, the President and War Department agreed to 
let second-generation Japanese Americans into the service, and they 
were formed into the 442nd Regimental.
  Madam Speaker, the 100th Infantry Battalion was deployed the next 
year to the Italian front in September 1943, and while it encountered 
heavy fighting, it handled itself so well that its members earned six 
Distinguished Service Crosses in their first 2 months of action. The 
442nd arrived in Italy 9 months later, after which the two units joined 
forces, fighting with distinction in Italy, France, and Germany to the 
war's conclusion.
  Together, they received seven Presidential Unit Citations, 21 Medals 
of Honor, 29 Distinguished Service Crosses, 560 Silver Stars with 28 
Oak Leaf Clusters, 4,000 Bronze Stars with 1,200 Oak Leaf Clusters, and 
more than 9,000 Purple Hearts.
  This bill recognizes their service and appropriately provides for the 
collective awarding of a Congressional Gold Medal. It would be given to 
the Smithsonian Institution for display and for research purposes.
  Madam Speaker, this award is long overdue. I urge its immediate 
passage.
  I yield back the balance of my time.
  Mr. CARSON of Indiana. Madam Speaker, I yield such time as he may 
consume to the gentleman from California (Mr. Schiff).
  Mr. SCHIFF. I thank the gentleman for yielding.
  Madam Speaker, I rise today to speak in support of legislation 
granting the Congressional Gold Medal to the Japanese American 100th 
Infantry Battalion and the 442nd Regimental Combat Team, commonly known 
as the ``Go for Broke'' regiments, as well as veterans of the Military 
Intelligence Service, for their dedicated service to our Nation during 
World War II.
  It is an honor and a pleasure to offer humble thanks to this storied 
and inspirational group of men who answered their country's call in the 
face of tremendous adversity. Today, through final passage of a bill 
that will grant these regiments Congress' highest honor, we recognize 
those who have served our Nation at great risk, as well especially 
those who sacrificed all for our freedom.
  These men served the Nation at a pivotal moment in our history, 
displaying their heroism and courage on two fronts--abroad in the fight 
against

[[Page 16437]]

an absolutist fascism and at home in the face of the intolerance of 
racial injustice.
  After the bombing of Pearl Harbor incited many doubts about the 
loyalty of Japanese Americans, these men who enlisted to protect our 
Nation were faced with segregated training conditions, family and 
friends relocated to internment camps, and repeated questions about 
their combat ability. It has been said many times about this group: to 
answer the call of duty requires exceptional courage and sacrifice, but 
to respond with a vigor and persistence unaffected by those who sought 
to malign and impede their every achievement reveals an incredible 
spirit and indomitable will.
  Six weeks after Pearl Harbor, President Roosevelt issued Executive 
Order 9066, which authorized the internment of tens of thousands of 
American citizens of Japanese ancestry and resident aliens from Japan. 
But even as xenophobia gripped the country, Japanese Americans were 
already lining up to join the war effort.
  In June of 1942, 1,432 members of the Hawaii Provisional Infantry 
Battalion were shipped from the Hawaiian Islands to Oakland, 
California, where the 100th Infantry Battalion was activated on June 
12, 1942, and then were shipped to Camp McCoy, Wisconsin, for training. 
Thanks to the excellent training record of the 100th Infantry Battalion 
and petitions from prominent civilians and military leaders, President 
Roosevelt and the War Department reopened military service to Nisei 
volunteers.
  Eventually, their exemplary training record convinced the doubters, 
and the 100th Infantry Battalion was deployed to the Mediterranean 
where they entered combat in Italy in September of 1943. Due to their 
bravery and valor, members of the Battalion were honored with six 
awards of the Distinguished Service Cross in the first 8 weeks of 
combat.
  The 442nd Regimental Combat Team arrived in Italy in June 1944, where 
the 100th Infantry Battalion was formally integrated as a part of the 
442nd Regimental Combat Team. As a unit, these regiments fought for the 
last 11 months of the war with selfless distinction in Italy, southern 
France, and Germany. Their performance in combat demonstrated their 
ability as remarkable soldiers; however, their poise, courage, and 
patriotism showed they were also remarkable men. They looked to support 
from their interned families, friends, and communities. And in turn, 
their service and commitment inspired their supporters back home to 
pursue aspirations of their own.
  Today, we also honor the Military Intelligence Service, known as MIS, 
who were made up of several thousand Japanese American soldiers who 
conducted highly classified intelligence operations that proved to be 
vital to U.S. military successes in the Pacific theater. These men 
fought alongside U.S. and Allied combat units where they translated 
radio transmissions and enemy documents, interrogated prisoners, and 
completed reconnaissance and covert intelligence missions. Often they 
were faced with peril from both enemy and friendly forces--unrecognized 
by allies and attacked by enemies.
  Their contributions continued during the Allied postwar occupation of 
Japan, and MIS linguistic skills and understanding of Japanese customs 
were invaluable to occupation forces as they assisted Japan in a 
peaceful transition to a new, democratic form of government.
  The ``Go for Broke'' regiments and the MIS were not the only 
servicemen of Asian Pacific Islander descent to serve in World War II. 
I also want to recognize those groups who faced similarly daunting 
conditions at home and abroad--the 522nd Field Artillery Battalion, the 
1399th Combat Engineer Company, the Women's Army Corps, the Filipino 
Scouts, and other heralded units. The ``Go for Broke,'' MIS, and other 
Japanese American men and women who have served deserve our continual 
rededication and appreciation. The debt we owe them is immeasurable.
  Their aggregate service record speaks for itself and drove me to 
introduce legislation last year--this legislation--which recognizes 
these regiments with the Nation's highest and most distinguished 
civilian award--the Congressional Gold Medal. My colleagues in the 
House of Representatives saluted the valor of these regiments by voting 
unanimously last year on my bill to honor them with a Gold Medal. 
Recently, the Senate passed the bill authored by Senator Barbara Boxer 
with the same unanimous approval. With this vote today, we can begin to 
truly express our appreciation for a group of men who left a segregated 
country to fight and defend an America with no guarantee that their own 
freedom would be defended in return. Their true heroism lies in how 
they fought for values of America, equality, justice, and opportunity, 
even when those values were not fully extended to them.
  We will continue to look towards their example to provide hope to our 
communities, to look past our differences, and to unite around our 
common bonds. Men and women are able to serve their country today 
without regard for ethnicity, race, or nationality because of what 
these men endured and accomplished.
  It's an honor to be part of this moment, Madam Speaker, and I urge 
you to join me in recognizing these courageous men by supporting the 
granting of a Congressional Gold Medal, collectively, to the U.S. 
Army's 100th Infantry Battalion and the 442nd Regimental Combat Team 
and the Military Intelligence Service.

                              {time}  1740

  Mr. CARSON of Indiana. Madam Speaker, I yield such time as she may 
consume to the gentlewoman from Hawaii (Ms. Hirono).
  Ms. HIRONO. I thank the gentleman from Indiana.
  Madam Speaker, I rise to urge my colleagues to support S. 1055, which 
honors the thousands of Japanese-American veterans who served during 
World War II, and I thank my colleague, the gentleman from California 
(Mr. Schiff), for introducing the legislation in the House and for his 
eloquent words today in support of the Senate bill.
  At a time when many of their fellow Americans questioned their 
loyalty to the United States, these Japanese-American soldiers enlisted 
and put their lives on the line to defend our freedoms overseas while 
fighting against fear and discrimination at home. S. 1055 awards the 
Congressional Gold Medal to the 100th Infantry Battalion, the 442nd 
Regimental Combat Team, and the Military Intelligence Service in honor 
of their military service.
  Many of the soldiers comprising these units were Nisei, the American-
born sons of Japanese immigrants. Some served in the University of 
Hawaii's Reserve Officers Training Corps (ROTC), which aided the 
wounded, buried the fallen, and helped defend vulnerable areas in 
Hawaii after the attack on Pearl Harbor.
  In spite of these acts of loyalty and courage, the U.S. Army 
discharged all Nisei in the ROTC unit, changed their draft status to 
ineligible, and segregated all Japanese Americans in the military on 
the mainland out of their units. During this time, more than 100,000 
Japanese Americans were forcibly relocated from their homes to 
internment camps.
  Undaunted, members of the Hawaii Provisional Battalion joined the 
100th Infantry Battalion in California to train as soldiers. The sheer 
determination and pursuit of excellence displayed by this battalion in 
training contributed to President Roosevelt's decision to allow Nisei 
volunteers to serve in the U.S. military again, leading to their 
incorporation into the 442nd.
  Members of the 100th and the 442nd risked their lives to fight for 
our country and allies in Europe. The 442nd ``Go For Broke'' unit 
became the most decorated in U.S. military history for its size and 
length of service, with its component, the 100th Infantry Battalion, 
earning the nickname ``The Purple Heart Battalion.''
  In addition, the 6,000 or so Nisei that comprised the Military 
Intelligence

[[Page 16438]]

Service made vital contributions to wartime successes by conducting 
critical classified intelligence operations. Only in recent years has 
their invaluable service come to light, and it is long past due to 
acknowledge and honor the MIS's critical role during the war.
  In the spirit of celebrating these courageous soldiers, I would like 
to share the stories of three men from Hawaii who overcame humble 
beginnings and adversity to become successful scholars and community 
leaders in Hawaii.
  Kobe Shoji was a junior at Pomona College when he and his family 
received orders to go to an internment camp in Arizona. They brought 
nothing more than a suitcase with them to the camp. Kobe enlisted the 
next year and went to Germany to fight as a member of the 442nd. 
Although he was wounded twice, he came back to the States, never 
complaining about the discrimination that he and his family had faced, 
or about the wounds he suffered in the war. Kobe returned to complete 
his studies as though ``nothing had happened. . . . except we were all 
much more mature due to the wartime experience. We all had the feeling 
we must do something to make the world a better place to live.''
  Kobe earned his doctorate in plant physiology from UCLA and moved to 
Hawaii thereafter to teach at the University of Hawaii and work as a 
respected agricultural expert. He later enjoyed watching his oldest 
son, Dave, coach the university's Rainbow Wahine volleyball team to 
many national championships.
  Ken Otagaki is another example of resilience and success. As the 
second son of a field laborer on the island of Hawaii, Ken left home at 
the age of 12 to work in Honolulu on the island of Oahu as a houseboy 
before putting himself through college. After the attack on Pearl 
Harbor, Ken enlisted and joined the 100th Infantry Division, serving 
overseas as a litter bearer. In January 1944, Ken was near Cassino, 
Italy, when he and six other litter bearers were called upon to help 
soldiers in front of them. Ken and seven other soldiers faced a barrage 
of mortar shells from the enemy. Three were killed. Four, including 
Ken, were seriously injured and were not evacuated until nearly a day 
later.
  Ken recuperated at Walter Reed Hospital and later received the Combat 
Infantry Badge and the Purple Heart. Ken wrote to his sweetheart, 
Janet, telling her that he had lost his right leg, two fingers on his 
right hand, and the sight in his right eye. Their daughter, Joy, 
recalled that her mother thought that her father ``wasn't going to sit 
around feeling sorry for himself.'' Ken and Janet married later that 
year.
  Because of his war injuries, Ken had to give up his plans to become a 
medical doctor, instead earning a PhD in animal science. The Otagakis 
began their life together on the mainland and had five children before 
moving back to Hawaii, where Ken taught at the University of Hawaii and 
later led the Hawaii State Department of Agriculture. Ken never let 
what others perceived to be his physical disabilities stop him from 
being active. He climbed trees to pick ripe mangoes and taught his kids 
how to swim and ride a bike.
  The last veteran I would like to talk about is Yoshiaki Fujitani who 
worked as a member of the Military Intelligence Service. Yoshiaki grew 
up on the grounds of a Buddhist temple in the pineabble plantation 
community of Pauwela, Maui.
  A second generation Japanese-American, Yoshiaki was taught ethics at 
Japanese language school, where he learned about honesty and 
perseverance by hearing stories about George Washington and Abraham 
Lincoln. He was also taught what is known in Japanese as ``kuni no 
on,'' or gratitude to one's country, America.
  After serving in ROTC at the University of Hawaii, Yoshiaki rose 
through the ranks in the Hawaii Territorial Guard, becoming squad 
leader. Of course the guard was later disbanded without any 
explanation, but they believe it was because the Japanese Americans in 
the guard were viewed as potential traitors.
  On December 7, 1941, while preparing to play softball, Yoshiaki saw 
smoke and planes flying above Pearl Harbor before learning about the 
attack on the radio. He volunteered for the civilian Varsity Victory 
Volunteers but quit when he learned that his father was being held at a 
Department of Justice camp for being a potentially dangerous enemy 
alien.
  When his friends joined the 442nd, Yoshiaki's initial anger about his 
father's incarceration subsided, and he decided to join the MIS. 
Yoshiaki served in Tokyo on assignment for the Pacific Military 
Intelligence Research Section. After the war ended, he got married, 
raised a family, returned to Maui as a minister of the Buddhist faith, 
and he focused on fostering interfaith cooperation, eventually becoming 
the bishop of the Hawaii Kyodan. In 1976, he established a program 
called the ``Living Treasures of Hawaii'' to recognize the cultural 
contributions of individuals in Hawaii.
  The life stories of these three men serve as an inspiration for all 
of us, and they certainly exemplify the history and the courage and the 
Americanism, the love of America, exhibited by the people we are 
honoring.
  This legislation also honors Senator Daniel Inouye and the late 
Senator Spark Matsunaga, who served in the 442nd and 100th units, and 
of course they later went on to serve the people of Hawaii for many 
decades, and the people of our country.
  Again, I urge all of my colleagues to vote in support of S. 1055. It 
is long overdue.
  Mr. BACHUS. Madam Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to reclaim my 
time.
  The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there objection to the request of the 
gentleman from Alabama?
  There was no objection.
  Mr. BACHUS. Madam Speaker, I yield 2 minutes to the gentleman from 
Hawaii (Mr. Djou).
  Mr. DJOU. Madam Speaker, I rise in strong support of S. 1055 to grant 
the Congressional Gold Medal to the 100th Infantry Battalion and the 
442nd Regimental Combat Team.
  Madam Speaker and colleagues, I want to echo the words of my 
colleague, the gentlewoman from Hawaii (Ms. Hirono). Madam Speaker, it 
is with great pride the people of Hawaii join in the recognition of the 
100th Infantry Battalion and the 442nd Regimental Combat Team.
  And I speak also with a bit of personal pride that we are recognizing 
the 442nd today. I had served in the United States Army Reserve, and 
today the 100th Battalion 442nd Infantry Division is part of the 9th 
Mission Support Command based at Fort Shafter in my congressional 
district. And in my previous service as an Army reservist, the 442nd 
was my sister battalion, and it is with great pride I see them being 
recognized today.

                              {time}  1750

  The 442nd has a long and illustrious history having served our Nation 
in Vietnam as well as most recently in Operation Iraqi Freedom, 
although the most important amount of recognition for the 442nd and the 
reason we are here today is for their initial service in World War II.
  Madam Speaker and colleagues, when somebody asks, Where does the 
strength of our Nation come from? I say to all of them, It does not 
come from machines. It does not come from a regulation. It does not 
come from the Halls of the United States Congress. The strength of our 
Nation comes from young individuals who are willing to raise their 
hands, to take an oath of office and to defend this Nation--with their 
lives, if necessary.
  When the 442nd was formed in 1942, it was these young men, Americans 
of Japanese ancestry, who raised their hands, despite facing 
discrimination from their own country in having expressed a willingness 
to fight on behalf of this Nation.
  The SPEAKER pro tempore. The time of the gentleman has expired.
  Mr. BACHUS. Madam Speaker, I yield the gentleman such additional time 
as he may consume.
  Mr. DJOU. It was their willingness to go into harm's way, to risk 
their lives in the fields of Italy, that has accorded

[[Page 16439]]

the 442nd this honor and this well-deserved respect from the United 
States Congress.
  Therefore, Madam Speaker, on behalf of myself, my colleagues and the 
people of the State of Hawaii, I strongly urge the passage of S. 1055.
  Mr. BACHUS. Madam Speaker, I will make the offer that if additional 
time is needed on the majority side, I would be willing to yield time 
to Mr. McDermott or to others.
  I reserve the balance of my time.
  Mr. CARSON of Indiana. Madam Speaker, I yield such time as he may 
consume to the gentleman from Washington (Mr. McDermott).
  Mr. McDERMOTT. Madam Speaker, I did not come over to the floor to 
speak on this issue; I came for the next issue. But I am an honorary 
Nisei vet. I have been involved with the Nisei community and with the 
Nisei vets of the 442nd in Seattle for a number of years.
  Two weeks ago, we dedicated a wall at the Nisei vet hall on which the 
names appear of all the people from Seattle. It was an extremely moving 
event to have not only some of the old vets but to also have the young 
sons and daughters and grandsons and granddaughters get up and talk 
about their relatives and what they did.
  I found out about the Nisei when I was in college. I had a roommate 
named Dave Sukura. One day, he told me about having been in a prison 
camp when he was in elementary school. I couldn't believe it. I was a 
kid from Chicago, and had never heard of such a thing; 127,000 people 
were rounded up for no other reason than we were panicked about the 
Japanese, and we put them in concentration camps.
  Now, you can imagine having a store or having a hotel or having a 
farm and suddenly being told you have 1 week to get your stuff together 
and get out of here. They lost all their land. They lost all their 
holdings. They lost everything. They were sent to these camps. Someday, 
when you're in Idaho, go out to Minidoka, and see the national monument 
that we have created. We call it a ``monument'' now, but it was a 
concentration camp then. There was nothing there. They came and put up 
barracks very quickly and said to the people, Move in.
  The SPEAKER pro tempore. The time of the gentleman has expired.
  Mr. BACHUS. I yield to the gentleman such time as he may consume.
  Mr. McDERMOTT. In a room of 20-by-20, you had seven people living 
with no running water and with no hot water for 4 months, and they were 
trying to deal with babies and diapers and with all the things that go 
on in ordinary living. Then the people who have put you there turn 
around and say, We will accept you into our Army to go and fight for us 
in Italy. Now, you can imagine among these Japanese families the 
discussions that went on about whether or not they should participate 
in this.
  David's grandfather came from Japan and started the Japanese Baptist 
Church in Seattle. He told his sons, We are Americans, and we will 
support our country no matter what.
  This was long before the war, so he was dead when that happened. They 
were then taken off to the camps.
  The mother--her name was Misa Sukura--had four sons. She said to her 
boys, You must go.
  The camp people were mad at her. How can you send all of your sons to 
this?
  She said, They are Americans. We are proud and we will serve.
  Now, you have to understand what it took then to be thrown into the 
toughest part of the war. They didn't become the most decorated unit in 
United States Army history because they were sent out to some easy 
deal. They were sent into the toughest fighting in Italy. They are the 
ones who went in when they couldn't find the lost battalion. They said, 
Send in the 442nd--and they found them. A simple medal hardly speaks to 
what they did for us, but what they did beyond that is to say, if 
you're in America and if you're an American, we treat you all the same.
  We are at a time now when their example needs to be carefully looked 
at because panic among the American people says suddenly, Oh, those 
people are to be feared. We can't stand those people. They're not like 
us. What happened in 1941 can happen again if we do not honor those 
Nisei vets and their families who stayed at home. They lived through 
without fathers, without mothers, with all the people who got killed, 
and everything else.
  Several years ago, it was my honor to name the courthouse in Seattle, 
Washington, after a young man named William Nakamura. He went at 19 
years old, out of Garfield High School, and won the Medal of Honor. The 
family never got the medal because the medals were buried. Nobody 
wanted to demonstrate and distribute them until President Clinton went 
back and reviewed the records and found these Medals of Honor. They 
were then given to the families of the fallen.
  We have much to be proud of in this country, but the Nisei vets have 
more than most of us because they overcame the racism and the attitudes 
that put them in concentration camps, and they came out and stood tall. 
For that reason, I am very proud to be here today. I commend Mr. Schiff 
and the other members of the committee who brought this gold medal. 
It's about time.
  Mr. BACHUS. Madam Speaker, I yield 9 minutes to the gentleman from 
Rhode Island (Mr. Kennedy).
  Mr. KENNEDY. I do not plan to take that time except that, because I 
am retiring this year, I will take every bit of time I can get as an 
outgoing Member to still speak on anything. It's just an inside joke 
for those of us who have been accustomed to being listened to for a 
long time. I am sure it's not going to hold true once I leave Congress.
  Madam Speaker, one thing we all need to listen to is our hearts when 
it comes to treating each other as we, ourselves, would want to be 
treated. When we think of something like this resolution and what it 
means to record history, we record history so that we learn from those 
aspects of history we do not want to repeat and by acknowledging the 
people who need to be acknowledged as amazing Americans, as this bill 
does.
  They had the fortitude to fight, as all brave Americans have who 
serve our Armed Forces, whether in peacetime or wartime, never knowing 
whether their lives are going to be called to be donated to this 
country. Every single servicemember may be called to make the ultimate 
sacrifice in the service of their country when they sign up and serve 
our country, never knowing.

                              {time}  1800

  But in this case, we had a group of Americans who signed up to fight 
for freedom when their own was being challenged here at home.
  It's reminiscent of the stories of the Buffalo Soldiers in World War 
II, African Americans who were being denied the very rights that they 
were fighting to protect and uphold around the world, and they were 
doing so on behalf of a country that had refused to treat them as 
coequals.
  In this case, Asian Americans, Japanese Americans who, because of the 
perception of who they were as Americans simply by what they look like, 
were being judged as whether they were American enough. Why is that 
important for us to remember today? Well, because last time I checked, 
we have Arab Americans right now making the ultimate sacrifice in the 
war against terrorism, Arab Americans who are being stigmatized, 
stereotyped, and wholesale bigotry against anybody of a different faith 
or ethnicity, somehow they are judged to be less American in their 
opportunities. And basically the requirement that they be treated the 
same as every other American, those rights are being challenged. And in 
spite of that, they are still out there defending our country.
  Native Americans, who have been denied in one of the great shames on 
this country's history of the way our country treated its indigenous 
peoples who serve at greater numbers on behalf of this country than any 
other group in this country, Native Americans, and it is quite 
extraordinary when we think about heroes to think about those who are 
not only willing to lay their life on the line for freedom and this 
country,

[[Page 16440]]

but are willing to do so in spite of the fact that they are being 
denied the very same rights that they are fighting for here in America. 
That is why they deserve gold medals, because they fought two fights. 
They fought the fight for liberty around the world, and they fought the 
fight against bigotry that is denying them those same freedoms here at 
home.
  And why else do we remember this? Because we're talking about the 
fact that no matter what you look like, we are all Americans, because 
that's America. We're the greatest country on the face of the Earth. 
Why? Because there's no other country in the world that has peoples 
from every other part of the world, and yet we're still divided by 
race, by color, and by creed by those who would like to foment fear and 
prejudice and use that as electoral victories, using the oldest wedge 
issue that we have ever known, and that's fear of difference, when 
actually the strength of our country is our diversity as a Nation.
  My uncle, President Kennedy, in giving the National Civil Rights 
Address, first of any American President in American history, said it's 
a moral question at its base. Who amongst us would be willing to change 
the color of their skin? Who amongst us would be willing to change the 
color of their skin and abide by the counsels of patience and delay in 
terms of civil rights? Well, you know, if you're white and you're 
accepted as looking like an American, this might not seem like a big 
issue to you. But think about trading the color of your skin for a day 
and living like Americans who are Latino in a culture like today that 
stigmatizes people with brown skin as somehow less than Americans 
because maybe they got here illegally just because of the perception of 
the color of their skin. Set aside the fact that in my area of the 
country the biggest illegal immigration are people that look like me, 
with red hair and freckles on their face; that's the biggest illegal 
immigration, Irish overstays. It's an interesting battle that's been 
the battle for the heart and the soul of America since the beginning of 
time.
  I propose that the final question of our time for our veterans is 
whether we are going to abide by the counsels of patience and delay in 
setting our veterans free from their war injuries. Because how many of 
us suffering at home now from traumatic brain injury and PTSD would be 
willing, because the Congress is not ready to put the money into 
biomedical research that it needs to because they say that's not 
government's job to do medical research; that's someone else's. I don't 
know whose job it is, but if I'm a veteran coming back from fighting 
for this country and I'm trapped behind the enemy lines of stigma and 
shame, trapped behind the enemy lines of indifference because you can't 
see my wound--my wound is an invisible wound; it's brain injury--think 
about what it must be like for them to know that our country has the 
wherewithal to save those with TBI and rescue them from being prisoners 
of their war injury if we put the money behind it, if we match our 
action with our rhetoric. We're not going to leave those veterans 
behind, okay. Then let's do something that makes sure we don't. Let's 
invest in the kinds of stem cell research, the kinds of genetic 
biomarkers that are going to allow us to make sure that they are going 
to be saved from enemy territory, prisoners of their war injuries.
  You could say, oh, well, it's going to take 10 years before we are 
able to repair spinal cord tissue and allow those veterans to stand up 
out of their wheelchair because they were paralyzed. Well, if you're 25 
years old, I should hope that they get an indication from this 
Congress, from this country, from this President that we are in it to 
win it when it comes to saving them, because you know what? We would 
put our full might of military power to go get them if they were held 
by al Qaeda. Why aren't we doing the same when it comes to them being 
held hostage by their TBI and PTSD?
  If we think of each other as human beings and advancing the great 
cause, or the fact that we all breathe the same air, drink the same 
water, live on the same planet, want the same things for all of our 
families, why would we ever treat each other differently, discriminate 
against one another, when it's the very strength of our country?
  These Japanese Americans, they fought the roughest fights. They were 
put in the biggest harm's way, just like the Buffalo Soldiers were in 
the European theater as well. Why? They wanted to take it on to 
demonstrate they weren't about to be cowering in the fear of those with 
bigotry in their hearts.
  Let's pass this legislation and set all Americans free, because we're 
all human beings, all Americans, irrespective of color, creed, or the 
way we look.
  Mr. SABLAN. Madam Speaker, I rise in support of S. 1055, a bill to 
grant the Congressional Gold Medal, collectively, to the 100th Infantry 
Battalion and the 442nd Regimental Combat Team, United States Army, in 
recognition of their dedicated service during World War II.
  The grant of the Congressional Gold Medal to this very distinguished 
``Go for Broke'' unit is well deserved and the award is long overdue. 
The unit is the most decorated military unit in our Nation's history. 
In World War II this was known as the ``Purple Heart Battalion.''
  I must admit that I have a personal attachment to the ``Go for 
Broke'' unit. Company E, 100th Infantry Battalion and the 442nd 
Regimental Combat Team, is now stationed in the Northern Mariana 
Islands and I was once a member. A further point of pride is that Echo 
Company was once under the command of the distinguished Senator from 
Hawaii, Senator Daniel K. Inouye.
  I support passage of S. 1055 and I say again that the grant of the 
Congressional gold medal to the 100th Infantry Battalion and the 442nd 
Regimental Combat Team is long overdue and well deserved.
  I encourage my colleagues to support S. 1055 and I thank Senator 
Barbara Boxer for bringing this legislation forth.
  Mr. HONDA. Madam Speaker, I rise today in support of S. 1055, a bill 
to grant the Congressional Gold Medal, collectively, to the 100th 
Infantry Battalion and the 442nd Regimental Combat Team, United States 
Army, in recognition of their dedicated service during World War II.
  The United States will forever be indebted to the Japanese Americans 
soldiers of the 100th Infantry Battalion and the 442nd Regimental 
Combat Team, United States Army, for their bravery, valor, and 
dedication to the country.
  Though many of their families were unjustly incarcerated in 
internment camps after the attack on Pearl Harbor, Japanese Americans 
still fought to prove their loyalty to the United States of America. 
More than 20,000 Japanese Americans enlisted in the U.S. Army, 
approximately 14,000 of whom served in the 100th Infantry Battalion and 
the 442nd Regimental Combat Team. The Japanese American 442nd 
Regimental Combat Team, including the 100th Infantry Battalion, became 
the most decorated unit for its size and length of service in American 
military history. Among their numerous awards, the Japanese American 
soldiers of World War II earned 21 Medals of Honor, 52 Distinguished 
Service Crosses, 559 Silver Stars, 4,000 bronze stars, nine (9) 
Presidential Unit Citations, and 9,486 Purple Hearts. The 442nd saw the 
highest percent of casualties of any unit in the Army, earning it the 
nickname ``Purple Heart Battalion.''
  Nisei men fought for the U.S. and its allies across Europe in many 
key battles. The 442nd waged eight major campaigns in France, Germany, 
and Italy. Most notably, the 442nd led a heroic drive into enemy lines 
to free the surviving 211 members of a Texas unit who were trapped by 
the Germans in the rescue of the Lost Battalion. The governor of Texas 
would later name them ``Honorary Texans'' for their actions. 
Additionally, the Japanese American soldiers liberated towns such as 
Bruyeres, Biffontaine, and Belvedere. They also freed Holocaust victims 
from one of the Dachau concentration camps in Germany.
  Japanese Americans also served with great distinction in the Pacific 
Theater in the U.S. Army's Military Intelligence Service, MIS. Through 
their command of the Japanese language, they greatly facilitated Allied 
war efforts and the MIS is credited with shortening the war in the 
Pacific by at least two years.
  As a Japanese American who spent part of my childhood in Amache 
internment camp in Colorado, I am humbled by the perseverance of these 
Nisei soldiers through the difficult struggle against racial prejudices 
and discrimination that they endured both during and after the war. 
Having valiantly fought to liberate the

[[Page 16441]]

world from tyranny and oppression while their own families were 
imprisoned back home, the 100th Infantry Battalion, the 442nd 
Regimental Combat Team, and the Military Intelligence Service are true 
American heroes. The unrelenting patriotism of these veterans, now in 
their late 80s and early 90s, paved the way for reconciliation and 
redress, and the full racial integration of the Armed Forces 
thereafter.
  Once again, Madam Speaker, I ask my colleagues to join me in 
supporting S. 1055 to grant the congressional gold medal, collectively, 
to the 100th Infantry Battalion and the 442nd Regimental Combat Team, 
in recognition of their patriotism and dedicated service during World 
War II.
  The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mrs. Dahlkepmer). All time for debate has 
expired.
  The question is on the motion offered by the gentleman from Indiana 
(Mr. Carson) that the House suspend the rules and pass the bill, S. 
1055.
  The question was taken; and (two-thirds being in the affirmative) the 
rules were suspended and the bill was passed.
  A motion to reconsider was laid on the table.

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