[Congressional Record (Bound Edition), Volume 155 (2009), Part 11]
[Senate]
[Pages 15182-15184]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office, www.gpo.gov]




                     ACKNOWLEDGING ISRAEL'S HISTORY

  Mr. MENENDEZ. Mr. President, last Wednesday, a few blocks down the 
street, a neo-Nazi opened fire at the Holocaust Museum. He murdered a 
security guard and terrorized the museum's visitors, including 
schoolchildren, who had come to learn, to express sympathy, and to 
pray. That evil act was the work of a killer who had made his hatred of 
other religions and ethnic groups well known. And it was a reminder 
that intolerance, ignorance, and anti-Semitism have not yet been 
defeated in our world.
  This tragedy reminds us of the need of sound understanding of one of 
the darkest episodes in the history of the world. Far too many 
misrepresent the significance of the Holocaust, especially in regard to 
the State of Israel and her people. And far too many people deny it 
happened altogether, out of bigotry, hatred, and spite.
  In the face of so much misunderstanding, I am compelled today to

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speak up about the role of the Holocaust in Israel's history and 
Israel's challenges in preventing anti-Semitic murder from continuing 
to happen.
  The Holocaust was the most sinister possible reminder that the Jewish 
population in exile was in constant jeopardy. It was a definitive 
argument that anti-Semitism could appear anywhere, and its horrors 
galvanized international support for the State of Israel. But let us be 
very clear: While the Shoah has a central role in Israel's identity, it 
is not the reason behind its founding and it is not the main 
justification for its existence.
  The extreme characterization of this mistaken view is the following: 
The Western powers established Israel in 1948 based on their own guilt, 
at the expense of the Arab peoples who lived there. Therefore, the 
current state is illegitimate and should be wiped off the face of the 
map. This flawed argument is not only in defiance of basic human 
dignity but in plain defiance of history. It is in defiance of ancient 
history as told in biblical texts and through archeological evidence. 
It ignores the history of the last several centuries. Because of what 
is at stake, it is well worth reviewing this history in detail, and let 
me make a modest attempt at a very broad overview.
  There has been a continuity of Jewish presence in the Holy Land for 
thousands of years. Jewish kings and governments were established in 
that area that is now Israel several millennia ago. After untold years 
of Jewish sovereignty, based in Jerusalem, the land of the Jewish 
people fell repeatedly to invaders--Assyrians, Persians, Greeks, 
Romans, and many others. Jews were repeatedly massacred and expelled, 
and the departure of so many from the land they had always called home 
developed into an unparalleled diaspora.
  From the 16th century until the earliest 20th century, the land that 
is now Israel was under the control of a distant Ottoman caliphate 
based in Istanbul, and during this time, as earlier, many Jews returned 
to their ancestral homeland. The Ottoman Empire collapsed after World 
War I, and the treaty granted Great Britain a mandate over the area 
then known as Palestine.
  The League of Nations endorsed and clarified this mandate in 1922, 
requiring Britain to reconstitute a Jewish national home within the 
territory they controlled, in accordance with the declaration made by 
British Foreign Secretary Balfour in 1917, making the restoration of 
Jewish communities in that area a matter of international law.
  By the time World War II had ended, there were more than 600,000 Jews 
living in the British Mandate of Palestine. In 1947, the United Nations 
approved a plan to partition the territory into Arab and Jewish states. 
The Jewish Agency accepted the plan. The Arabs did not. On May 14, 
1948, the State of Israel declared its independence. On May 15, five 
Arab nations declared war. Despite being surrounded on all sides, 
Israel prevailed and expanded its borders, providing a small additional 
measure of security against attacks which were certain to come--and 
did.
  So to be clear, the more than 700,000 Palestinians who left Israel 
were refugees of a war instigated by Arab governments, bent on seizing 
more land for themselves. But the Arabs who left Israel after its 
modern founding weren't the only displaced population in the Middle 
East. In addition to the hundreds of thousands of Jews who left Europe 
during and after the Holocaust in the 20th century, more than three-
quarters of a million Jews fled or were expelled from their homes in 
Arab and Middle Eastern nations--in cities that many of their families 
had lived in for nearly a millennium. Their possessions were taken, 
their livelihoods were destroyed, victims of nationalism and hatred of 
Israel.
  Several thousand years of history lead to an undeniable conclusion: 
The reestablishment of the State of Israel in modern times is a 
political reality with roots going back to the time of Abraham. And so 
the way to consider the immeasurable impact of the Holocaust in Israel 
is not to ask whether the State would exist otherwise. It is, at least 
in one sense, to imagine how even more vibrant Israel would be if 
millions upon millions had not been denied a chance to know it.
  The attacks on Israel have barely stopped since 1948--not just 
attacks by armies but attacks by individuals, attacks by tanks and 
terrorists, attacks that have come in the form of stones and they have 
come in the form of speeches. Its enemies have attempted to assassinate 
its people with rockets and assassinate its national character with 
hateful rhetoric. Today it is still surrounded by hostility; its back 
is still to the sea. It is surrounded by hostility from Hezbollah in 
Lebanon and Hamas in the Gaza strip.
  In looking at the threat Israel faces on its southwestern border, one 
fact must be absolutely, indisputably, unequivocally clear: There is no 
moral equivalency between Israel and Hamas. Israel is a sovereign 
democratic state of 7.5 million people--Jews, Muslims, and Christians. 
Hamas is a terrorist organization. It won control of Gaza after men in 
ski masks waged gun battles with another branch of Palestinian 
leadership. It used that control to launch rockets at sleeping children 
in the nearby Israeli cities of Ashkelon and Sterot. This is the thanks 
Israel got for withdrawing from Gaza.
  Hamas does not recognize agreements that Palestinian leaders have 
reached with Israel in the past, it does not recognize Israel's right 
to exist at all, and in fact it is ideologically committed to Israel's 
annihilation. Gaza's people thirst for freedom and opportunity but are 
held hostage to Hamas's thirst for destruction. And even today, after 
the consequences of menacing Israel became clear in a disastrous war, 
weapons are flowing freely through tunnels into Gaza, Hamas has rearmed 
and is readying itself for the day when it is going to take on Israel 
again.
  Hamas and Hezbollah may be the head of the snake when it comes to 
terrorism, but the tail extends much further. The weapons terrorists 
use were sent from Iran. Money they received was sent from Iran. 
Propaganda supporting Hamas's campaign of terror and calling for 
Israel's destruction was conceived in, produced by, and broadcast from 
Iran.
  The fundamentalist regime in Teheran isn't just an emerging threat. 
It doesn't just have the potential to be a threat to Israel's 
existence. It is a threat to Israel's existence. Under no circumstances 
whatsoever can we allow that conventional threat to become a nuclear 
one. Especially in light of the threat of Iran, and in light of the 
threat extremists pose to so many innocent civilians around the globe, 
the importance of Israel as a strategic ally and friend to the United 
States could not be clearer. It is hard to overstate the value of 
having such a stalwart democratic ally in such a critical part of the 
world--an ally in terms of intelligence gathering, economics, politics, 
and culture. Israel arose in a desert rampant with repression, a force 
of moderation against fundamentalism and extremism. It is an ally we 
can constantly depend on and count on to be with us in international 
fora and on the key decisions that affect the safety and security of 
Americans around the world.
  For more than six decades, it has been a key U.S. trading partner and 
a scientific innovator. We have Israeli engineers to thank for 
everything from advances in solar power to cell phone technology to AOL 
Instant Messenger. Equipment we are using in Iraq to fight terrorism 
and keep American troops safe was developed in Israel. Medical 
treatments we are using in U.S. hospitals to fight cancer, heart 
disease, and chronic pain were developed in Israel. Israeli-born actors 
are stars of Hollywood, and an Israeli astronaut has accompanied 
Americans into space.
  So it is not only in the interest of Israel to have its full history 
recognized, it is in the national interest and the national security 
interests of the United States. It is in our interests to fully 
remember the unbreakable bond that has made us both stronger over the 
last 61 years and to make it unmistakable that our commitment is as 
strong as ever.
  The argument for Israel's legitimacy does not depend on what we say 
in

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speeches. It has been made by history. It has been made by the men and 
women who have made the desert green, by Nobel prizes earned, by 
groundbreaking innovations and enviable institutions, by lives saved, 
democracy defended, peace made, and battles won. There can be no 
denying the Jewish people's legitimate right to live in peace and 
security on a homeland to which they have had a connection for 
thousands of years.
  We can and must move forward in the peace process, and look for ways 
to reach agreement between all sides. But we cannot erase the moral 
distinctions between tyranny and freedom, and we must not edit history. 
If we stay true to history and follow our moral compass, I am 
optimistic that talks can lead to understanding and resolution of the 
very sensitive, detailed, and tough issues we face.
  The next pages of Middle Eastern history are not doomed to be stained 
by an endless, senseless fight to the death. It doesn't have to be that 
way. Different peoples of vastly different backgrounds have peacefully 
thrived in the Middle East for generations upon generations, and this 
coexistence can happen once more.
  Let us remember the words of Egyptian President Anwar al-Sadat in 
1978, when he accepted the Nobel Prize for peace--words that not long 
before would have seemed incredibly unlikely. He said:

       Let us put an end to wars, let us reshape life on the solid 
     basis of equity and truth. And it is this call . . . of the 
     great majority of the Arab and Israeli peoples, and indeed of 
     millions of men, women, and children around the world that 
     you are today honoring. And these hundreds of millions will 
     judge to what extent every responsible leader in the Middle 
     East has responded to the hopes of mankind.

  I have been to Israel. I have shaken the hands of its citizens and 
visited its holy places. I know that in the heart of Israelis there is 
a strong desire for peace. We can never lose sight of why peace is so 
important. After the unspeakable horrors of the Holocaust, the Jewish 
people would forever be mindful that no one knows what turns history 
will take and every day we are mindful that anti-Semitism has not gone 
away, whether in the form of a firebombing of a French synagogue, 
defamatory comments of a government official in South Africa, or a 
senseless murder in Washington DC.
  Israel is the one place in the world, the one place where anti-
Semitism can be structurally impossible. It is a field of hope on which 
fear can be vanquished, an island of refuge that can stand firm no 
matter how stormy the sea of history turns. That is why we must always 
keep it safe and always keep it free.
  The United States is not simply allied with a government, it is an 
ally of Israel's people. It is an ally of Israel's democratic ideals. 
It is an ally of its history, of its aspirations for peace and 
prosperity, its can-do spirit, and amazing resilience in the face of 
threats from all sides. In that sense, we are not just Israel's allies, 
we are admirers, we are partners, and we are friends.
  I plan to do everything I can to see that we support this friendship 
this year, next year, and every year thereafter.
  Let me close by saying Martin Luther King said:

       The arc of the moral universe is long, but it bends towards 
     justice.

  We know that in Israel's quest for security, there will be trials 
along the way, there will be setbacks, and there will be dangers too 
tremendous for words. But if we continue the work we do and continue to 
stay true to the values that drive our journey, then the long arc will 
eventually rest in place in the land of Israel and it is a just and 
lasting peace that will be at hand.
  I yield whatever time I have, and I yield the floor.
  The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Senator from Illinois.

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