[Congressional Record (Bound Edition), Volume 154 (2008), Part 9]
[Senate]
[Pages 12708-12709]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office, www.gpo.gov]




                                 ENERGY

  Ms. MURKOWSKI. Madam President, so much discussion has taken place of 
late about the high price of energy and what it is doing to family 
budgets. We don't need to tell the American consumer what is going on 
with high prices. They are living it directly in each and every one of 
our States.
  At today's prices, Americans are paying $1.6 billion daily to buy 
fuel. This is about twice what they paid 2 years ago. The national 
average price of gasoline passed the $4.08-per-gallon mark, and fuel is 
consuming about 6 percent of the typical household budget. This eats up 
the money families need for food, clothing, medicine, education, 6 
percent of the average U.S. household budget.
  In my State of Alaska--you hear me say this all the time--our 
statistics are a little bit different. I need to let you know what kind 
of a hit Alaska's families are taking when it comes to high energy 
prices.
  Right now, in Anchorage, the State's largest community, it is about 
10 percent of the typical household budget that is directed toward 
energy costs. In the southeastern part of the State, where I was born 
and spent my early years, they are seeing about 14 percent of their 
family budget going toward energy costs. In the community of Fairbanks, 
up in the interior, where I spent my growing-up years in high school 
and years as a young adult, 22 percent of the household budget is going 
toward their energy costs. Nearly a quarter of the family budget is 
going into home heating fuel, into gas at the pump, into keeping their 
home warm during the long winter months--22 percent of the family 
budget.
  As I have said before, people in Alaska are no longer angry about 
their energy prices. They are very afraid. You cannot continue on a 
trend such as this with this much of the family budget being dedicated 
to your energy prices and still survive.
  There has been great debate on this floor about, How do we fix it? 
How do we reduce the price of energy for the American family? There are 
some who imply the way to reduce energy prices is to perhaps punish the 
oil companies with tax hikes for the current high prices. The second 
option for some is to punish OPEC for their energy production levels by 
somehow dragging foreign nations into U.S. courts.
  I would like to suggest that while maybe it might make some people 
feel good if they know we are imposing higher taxes on the energy 
industry, it is probably not a good idea for the 23 percent of 
individual Americans who own energy stocks or those who have

[[Page 12709]]

pension funds, 27 percent of which are invested in energy stocks, or 
those who own mutual funds who have 29.5 percent of their funds 
invested in energy companies.
  The problem we really have with additional taxation of the energy 
companies is, while it is going to funnel more revenue to the Federal 
Government--we have demonstrated this in the past--it is going to give 
us in Congress more money to spend on bureaucracy, but it is not 
necessarily going to do anything to increase our energy supplies, and 
it will not do anything to lower our energy prices. In fact, by taking 
money away from the energy companies, they are going to have less money 
to invest in searching for and producing more energy. Those are the 
things that will ultimately reduce energy prices into the future.
  As far as this ``NOPEC'' concept of hauling OPEC nations into U.S. 
courts, no one has really explained just how this is all really going 
to work, how we would collect a judgment and still maintain access to 
world supplies of energy, and more importantly, how that would actually 
get money back into the pockets of American consumers or how that would 
keep American companies from being dragged constantly into foreign 
courts. Asking OPEC to produce more of their energy and then 
threatening to drag them into American courts if their production 
levels fall--which is what we have seen in this country--does not make 
sense to me. Instead, it seems to me the best way we can drive down 
fuel prices is for us to produce more in America, giving the jobs to 
Americans, and keep the royalties and tax revenues in U.S. hands.
  I have said many times on this floor that it is not just all about 
increased production. We have to do more to encourage energy 
conservation, to encourage fuel efficiency. We have to do more to 
promote and develop the renewable energy technologies.
  Just last week in the Energy Committee, we had a fascinating 
discussion about a process for using algae to produce hydrocarbons from 
which gasoline can then be made. It is a ``green crude'' type concept. 
It is wonderful to be exploring opportunities such as this. Hopefully, 
we are going to reach an agreement on a compromise to continue the tax 
aid to encourage wind, solar, biomass, geothermal, ocean energy, and 
nuclear development.
  The fact is, we need to do more of everything to promote lower energy 
prices. We have to do more to promote efficiency, more to promote 
alternatives, and more to produce traditional fuels in America.
  One of my colleagues, the fine Senator from Tennessee, has summed it 
up in four simple words: We have to find more, use less--pretty simple. 
What a philosophy. What an energy policy. But on the ``finding more'' 
aspect, we need to produce more from the Outer Continental Shelf. We 
need to produce more onshore from the Arctic Coastal Plain up in 
Alaska. We need to do more in the oil shales in the West. We need to 
produce more natural gas from the OCS but also from the formations in 
Texas and the Appalachians. We have to protect, but streamline 
permitting rules so new refineries can be built. We need to be working 
harder so we can tap America's energy--really our ace in the hole--
which is our vast coal reserves and our vast hydrate resources, and do 
this in a way that can be done without increasing carbon emissions into 
the atmosphere. We also need to make sure there is sufficient 
transmission capacity to move the power to where we need it once it has 
been produced.
  Some act as if we in this country cannot produce more energy. They 
imply that either we do not have anything left to produce or we cannot 
do it without harming the environment. I think both of those views are 
just plain wrong.
  Look at the mean estimates of the undiscovered resources. This is 
what the USGS and the MMS have on line. We have an even chance of being 
able to produce 85.8 billion barrels of oil and 419.8 trillion cubic 
feet of natural gas. That is 10 times our remaining proven reserves of 
oil and nearly 15 times our proven reserves of gas. This is a decade's 
supply of oil for this Nation.
  America still has a third of all the oil Saudi Arabia has, and it is 
just waiting to be discovered. That does not include the 1.8 trillion 
barrels of oil shale or the 1,000-year supply of methane hydrates we 
possess in this country. In Alaska alone, when we are talking about 
coal reserves--we say we are the Saudi Arabia of coal--we need to 
recognize the resource is there.
  On the floor earlier, there have been claims that I would like to 
respond to that we do not need to lease more acreage onshore or 
offshore because oil companies have millions of acres under lease from 
which they are not producing energy. That claim in part is true, but 
the part that is left out is exactly why we need to make better lands 
available for oil development in the country.
  Clearly, oil companies are not going to spend billions of dollars a 
year up front to lease lands, for the opportunity to explore and pay 
yearly fees to keep the leases in place, just to let them sit idle. In 
most cases, companies are not producing because they are still 
evaluating the potential of the leases. In other cases, you have oil 
finds that are so small that they are just not yet commercial to 
develop without additional oil being found nearby.
  Up in Alaska, in the National Petroleum Reserve, it may take as many 
as 14 years for the leases to be developed, while dealing with the 
environmental permitting and logistics issues you face in an area that 
is as geographically remote as NPRA is, in order to bring these leases 
into production. In addition, we have extremely short windows in terms 
of the exploration and construction season, which we have in place to 
avoid the impacts on wildlife.
  But the primary reason is that the companies spend millions of 
dollars on seismic and exploratory wells but still find very little. 
Even with the technology, with the 3-D seismic, companies gamble when 
they bid for leases, and they oftentimes find nothing.
  So if we made more prospective areas open to exploration, then more 
oil would likely be found. So this is not necessarily the result of 
some conspiracy, but the fact is that oil is hard to find.
  To wrap up, can we be energy independent immediately? No, we cannot. 
But can we help ourselves produce enough oil to help meet global 
demand, lowering prices, and keep our families from going broke? Yes, I 
believe we can. We know how to protect the environment in the process 
of development. We can protect wilderness. We already have in the State 
of Alaska. We have set aside an area that is nearly as large as all of 
Oregon, and this is in wilderness forever, never to be touched. But 
let's allow some of the land that is likely to contain oil and gas--not 
just places that don't--let's allow them to be open for exploration and 
production.
  So let's put aside some of these preconceived biases that I think 
both parties and both of our constituencies hold. Let's shelve the 
campaign rhetoric and actually do something that is good for the short-
term and long-term good of the Nation. I believe we can do it. I 
believe this is change in which we all can believe.
  I yield the floor.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from North Dakota.

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