[Congressional Record (Bound Edition), Volume 154 (2008), Part 9]
[House]
[Pages 12001-12004]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office, www.gpo.gov]




RECOGNIZING THE 60TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF HUMAN 
                                 RIGHTS

  Mr. PAYNE. Mr. Speaker, I move to suspend the rules and agree to the 
concurrent resolution (H. Con. Res. 332) recognizing the 60th 
anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, as amended.
  The Clerk read the title of the concurrent resolution.
  The text of the concurrent resolution is as follows:

                            H. Con. Res. 332

       Whereas the United Nations Charter sought to establish an 
     international forum to ``save succeeding generations from the 
     scourge of war . . ., reaffirm faith in fundamental human 
     rights, in the dignity and worth of the human person, in the 
     equal rights of men and women and of nations large and small 
     . . .'';
       Whereas, through manifold works of generosity, the people 
     of the United States exemplify a noble conviction that the 
     deepest yearnings of the human heart for respect and dignity 
     transcend political, ethnic, and religious differences;
       Whereas the people of the United States continue to inspire 
     their leaders to prioritize endeavors which bring hope and 
     healing to those in need throughout the world;
       Whereas the United Nations General Assembly proclaimed the 
     Universal Declaration of Human Rights on December 10, 1948, 
     as a ``common standard of achievement for all peoples and 
     nations . . .'';
       Whereas the preamble of the Universal Declaration of Human 
     Rights states, ``. . . recognition of the inherent dignity 
     and of the equal and inalienable rights of all members of the 
     human family is the foundation of freedom, justice, and peace 
     in the world . . .'';
       Whereas the Universal Declaration of Human Rights sets 
     forth a common understanding of universal rights and freedoms 
     and the notion that these cannot be created and are neither 
     conferred by countries nor by governments, but rather are 
     inalienable rights and freedoms with which all human persons 
     are endowed by their very nature;
       Whereas, Eleanor Roosevelt, who led the United States 
     delegation to the first Commission on Human Rights, was 
     responsible for drafting the Universal Declaration of Human 
     Rights and in recognition of her unparalleled humanitarian 
     conviction, was elected as Chairwoman of the Commission; 
     Eleanor Roosevelt expressed her vision of a declaration of 
     true universality with enduring principles that would be 
     perpetually recognized by all nations when she stated, as she 
     submitted the Universal Declaration of Human Rights for 
     consideration by the United Nations General Assembly, ``We 
     stand today at the threshold of a great event both in the 
     life of the United Nations and in the life of mankind. This 
     declaration may well become the international Magna Carta for 
     all men everywhere.''; and
       Whereas United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon noted 
     on Human Rights Day 2007, that ``[i]t is our duty to ensure 
     that these rights are a living reality--that they are known, 
     understood and enjoyed by everyone, everywhere'': Now, 
     therefore, be it
       Resolved by the House of Representatives (the Senate 
     concurring), That Congress--
       (1) recognizes on its 60th anniversary year the Universal 
     Declaration of Human Rights as a singular achievement of the 
     community of nations;
       (2) recognizes the contribution in the Declaration of 
     Independence and the United States Constitution to the 
     development of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, and 
     the role of the United States in preserving the legacy of 
     these foundational human rights precepts through its 
     participation in the United Nations;
       (3) urges all United Nations Member States to renew their 
     commitment to uphold and promote the transcendent principles 
     of human dignity enshrined in the Universal Declaration of 
     Human Rights, especially on behalf of the world's most 
     vulnerable persons and those who have no power to advocate on 
     their own behalf; and
       (4) joins with colleagues inspired by the spirit of 
     goodwill in parliaments throughout the world in seeking to 
     guide the United Nations and its agencies to serve as 
     effective instruments of genuine and lasting justice and 
     peace among nations.

  The SPEAKER pro tempore. Pursuant to the rule, the gentleman from New 
Jersey (Mr. Payne) and the gentlewoman from Florida (Ms. Ros-Lehtinen) 
each will control 20 minutes.
  The Chair recognizes the gentleman from New Jersey.


                             General Leave

  Mr. PAYNE. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent that all Members may 
have 5 legislative days to revise and extend their remarks and include 
extraneous material on the resolution under consideration.
  The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there objection to the request of the 
gentleman from New Jersey?
  There was no objection.
  Mr. PAYNE. Mr. Speaker, I rise in strong support of this resolution 
and yield myself as much time as I may consume.
  I want to congratulate our colleague Mr. Fortenberry for putting 
forth this very important resolution. He's a very valued member of our 
subcommittee, and he has been a strong supporter of issues of goodwill.
  This resolution celebrates the 60th anniversary of the United Nations 
Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the first international 
agreement on the rights of humankind. The universal declaration 
proclaims the inherent dignity and equal and inalienable rights of all 
members of the human family. It is this universal quality of the 
declaration that is its strength.
  The core freedoms and guarantees are entitlement of all people, not 
just those from certain groups or cultures. As such, no government or 
Nation has the power to confer these rights. They are inalienable 
freedoms with which all people are endowed by their very nature.
  The notion of inalienable rights was not invented in 1948. Socrates 
wrote about ethic laws that were higher than laws of kings over 2,500 
years ago.
  Even a proclamation of such rights is not new. The Magna Carta, the 
U.S. Declaration of Independence, the United States Constitution, the 
Bill of Rights and the French Declaration of the Rights of Men all 
articulated specific inalienable rights.
  The power of the declaration is that it represents the first 
comprehensive agreement among Nations as to the specific rights and 
freedoms belonging to all human beings. It has become a cornerstone of 
customary international law, binding all governments to its principles.

[[Page 12002]]

  In the 60 years that I have followed the adoption of the universal 
Declaration, expansion of the circle of human dignity has come in fits 
and starts. Authoritarian governments still attempt to limit freedoms 
proclaimed by the declaration, including political and economic 
pluralism, a free press, freedom of association, freedom of religion, 
free and fair elections, and the rule of law. Nevertheless, the 
declaration allows humble citizens, be they monks in Burma, political 
dissenters in Cuba, journalists in Russia, lawyers in Pakistan or 
dispossessed in Zimbabwe, a standard by which to measure and challenge 
any government. As such, we see roots of freedom and democracy growing 
in even the most repressed societies.
  Our duty is to support the efforts of human rights defenders to 
expand the circle of human freedoms so that the declaration will, in 
Eleanor Roosevelt's vision, become the Magna Carta for all men 
everywhere. As she says, it's better to light a candle than to curse 
the darkness.
  I urge my colleagues to support this important resolution.
  Mr. Speaker, I reserve the balance of my time.
  Ms. ROS-LEHTINEN. Mr. Speaker, I yield myself such time as I may 
consume.
  Mr. Speaker, I rise today in strong support of House Concurrent 
Resolution 332, recognizing the 60th anniversary of the Universal 
Declaration of Human Rights.
  As we reflect on the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the 
gross violators such as Iran and Saudi Arabia, we cannot help but think 
about how these repressive governments manipulate international oil 
flows to keep us at their mercy.
  We must reduce our reliance on these unstable foreign energy sources, 
and the way to do that, Mr. Speaker, is by finding alternatives to oil 
dependence. The U.S. should lead the way; yet we're stuck in the past 
as our global competitors are indeed pursuing 21st century 
technologies. We must commit ourselves to a comprehensive energy reform 
policy that will improve energy efficiency and encourage investment in 
ground-breaking research and advance alternative and renewable energy 
technologies.
  Much like the situation we're facing on human rights at the United 
Nations, we shouldn't wait 60 years to address the increasing problem 
of our foreign dependence on oil.
  Mr. Speaker, 60 years ago and without a dissenting voice in the 
United Nations General Assembly, we recognized the fundamental human 
rights to life, to liberty, to freedom of religion, to freedom of 
expression, to self-government through free elections, to freedom from 
slavery and torture and so many other basic rights. The Universal 
Declaration of Human Rights was the product of remarkable international 
consensus, and it captured the distilled conscience of the world in one 
of the United Nations' finest moments.
  It was not an international law or covenant, and it did not claim to 
be creating the rights that it included. Rather, its purpose was to 
serve as a common standard of achievement for all peoples that is 
premised on faith in fundamental human rights and the dignity and worth 
of the human person.
  We are fortunate and, indeed, truly blessed to live in a country 
whose constitutional heritage has served to secure those aspirations 
for all of America's people. But for so many people in the world, the 
ideals of the universal Declaration are nothing more than an unkept 
promise.
  In Burma, in Cuba, North Korea and Zimbabwe, and many other Nations, 
people suffer at the hands of self-seeking tyrants and brutal 
dictatorships. Millions of others endure the scourges of human 
trafficking, of religious persecution, and other offenses against human 
dignity.
  For those reasons, the universal declaration remains a valuable 
touchstone, and the United States remains committed to promoting the 
values that it espouses.
  For this anniversary, however, it is also a sad opportunity to 
reflect on how far the United Nations and its human rights bodies have 
fallen from the lofty aspirations of the original declaration.
  The United Nations Human Rights Council, formed to replace the 
discredited United Nations Human Rights Commission, has devolved into 
an offensive farce even worse than its predecessor.
  The Council embraces some of the world's most notorious human rights 
abusers as its members and has ignored genuine human rights advocacy in 
favor of a relentless, single-minded attack on the democratic, freedom-
loving, multi-party State of Israel. In its session in March, the 
Council passed more resolutions against Israel than against Burma, 
North Korea, and Sudan combined, and it failed to comment at all on 
abuses by Iran, Cuba or Uzbekistan.
  The Council recently elected Jean Ziegler, a man who has compared 
Israel to Nazis, and approved a notorious Israel basher as the new 
Special Rapporteur on Israel and the Palestinian territories, Mr. 
Speaker. The Council approved this mandate in the very same session 
that it discontinued its observation of the Congo where rape is used as 
a weapon against women and children.
  In December 1948, Mr. Speaker, the United Nations General Assembly 
proclaimed the Universal Declaration of Human Rights 1 year and 2 weeks 
after it adopted a resolution creating the Jewish State that became 
Israel. It is both tragic and offensive that extremists have been 
allowed to hijack the U.N. human rights apparatus and turn the United 
Nations' noblest intentions into a weapon against a democratic country.
  It is my hope that the United Nations can somehow recover its moral 
foundation and credibly place the ideals of the Universal Declaration 
of Human Rights back at the center of its operations.

                              {time}  1345

  Human dignity and American values demand no less.
  I urge my colleagues to support this resolution.
  Mr. Speaker, I reserve the balance of my time.
  Mr. PAYNE. Mr. Speaker, I yield 3 minutes to the gentlelady from 
Texas, chairwoman of the Homeland Security Subcommittee on 
Transportation, Ms. Sheila Jackson-Lee.
  Ms. JACKSON-LEE of Texas. Let me thank the distinguished chairperson 
of the Africa Subcommittee on Foreign Affairs and the full committee 
chair, Mr. Berman, and the ranking member of the full committee, Ms. 
Ileana Ros-Lehtinen, and the ranking member of the subcommittee that 
Mr. Payne chairs.
  This is an important reiteration of this Congress' commitment to the 
premises of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. And I might 
read, in part, the language of this declaration that says, ``The 
recognition of the inherent dignity and of the equal and inalienable 
rights of all members of the human family is the foundation of freedom, 
justice and peace in the world.''
  I believe that there is no better time than the time that we are 
engaged in today, the era of the world status, to reemphasize the 
importance of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
  The United Nations General Assembly proclaimed it on December 10, 
1948, and the language stated that it was declared as a ``common 
standard of achievement for all peoples and nations.'' Sadly, in the 
21st century, when we would hope to be celebrating the foundation of 
freedom, justice and peace to the world, the world is conflicted. It is 
conflicted in Iraq, where the different, distinctive ethnic groups of 
Shiites, Sunnis and Kurds are engaged in violations, respectively, of 
each of them by the other. And so even in a place of disruption in 
Iraq, in a war that I oppose, we have concerns that are ignoring the 
Universal Declaration of Human Rights. We must call for the protection 
of human rights in Iraq. We must call for the protection of human 
rights in Iran.
  Today, I had the chance to speak to a young woman in Iran long 
distance, international conversation to Miriam, a young woman of 22, 
who had a wonderful vision in front of us for freedom,

[[Page 12003]]

and the ability to be the best interior designer the world would know. 
To do that, she must have freedom, justice and peace in the world. The 
Universal Declaration of Human Rights must apply to Iran.
  And as we look to the tragedy in Burma, now some weeks old, to 
understand that the junta continues to oppress those who suffer from 
the terrible and horrific tragedy that occurred, that people sit along 
roadsides trying to find, if you will, the resources that will come to 
them through the international aid organizations, and their oppressive 
regime is denying them that right.
  The SPEAKER pro tempore. The time of the gentlewoman has expired.
  Mr. PAYNE. I yield the gentlelady an additional 2 minutes.
  Ms. JACKSON-LEE of Texas. Can you imagine that the human rights and 
dignity of those who are already brutalized through a horrific tragedy 
of catastrophic proportions are now denied their human dignity because 
this oppressive regime in Burma refuses to allow the international aid 
organizations to go forward?
  I hope by our reemphasizing this declaration, that we will stand in 
abhorrence, in outrage over such undignified treatment. And then I 
would ask, as we move forward, that we can no longer tolerate the 
genocide in Sudan, and the completely reckless response of the Sudanese 
Government in Khartoum to the dignity and human rights of those in 
Darfur.
  We have a litany of those. Those Tibetans who continue to fight every 
day in Tibet simply to be acknowledged, simply to allow the Dalai Lama 
to return over religion reasons. And to think that he has to be denied 
the right to come back over religion reasons, Mr. Speaker. They allow 
him to come on political reasons, on government affirmation, on 
saluting the government, but just to be able to engage in his 
religious, if you will, explanation, he is denied his human rights, the 
foundation of freedom, justice and peace in the world. We could give a 
roll call along the way of the travesties of justice.
  Might I compliment and announce the change-around in Liberia with 
President Johnson, who recognized a nation that had literally burned 
the principles of human dignity and human rights; now, with her stellar 
leadership, she is restoring the dignity to the Liberian people.
  It can be done. It can be done in Sudan. It can be done in 
Bangladesh. It can be done in Burma. It can be done in North Vietnam. 
It can be done in places where oppression exists. But I rise today to 
recount the tragedies of denial of human rights, but also to applaud 
those who have overcome. And I believe it is our responsibility to not 
only applaud them, but to encourage them.
  I ask my colleagues to support this legislation, and let us do it by 
words and deeds.
  Ms. ROS-LEHTINEN. Mr. Speaker, I yield 5 minutes to the gentleman 
from Nebraska (Mr. Fortenberry), the author of this resolution.
  Mr. FORTENBERRY. Mr. Speaker, I am honored to pay tribute today to a 
pre-eminent achievement of 20th century statesmanship, an example of 
U.S. leadership in the quest for securing fundamental dignity for all 
human persons.
  I would also like to thank Ranking Member Ros-Lehtinen and her staff, 
as well as Chairman Berman and Mr. Payne, my subcommittee chairman, as 
well for their work in bringing this important resolution before the 
House.
  Mr. Speaker, it was on December 10, 1948 that the memory of a brutal 
world war, which took over tens of millions of lives, scarred millions 
of survivors of an unimaginable holocaust, and unleashed the full fury 
of atomic power on the guilty as well as the innocent, remained vividly 
etched in the world's collective consciousness that led to this 
important moment.
  In view of this unprecedented devastation, and in the hope of 
preventing future conflict, the United Nations General Assembly 
proclaimed a Universal Declaration of Human Rights as ``a common 
standard of achievement for all peoples and all nations.'' And it also 
recognized that ``the inherent dignity and equal and inalienable rights 
of all members of the human family is the foundation of freedom, 
justice and peace in the world.''
  As the memory of World War II fades and recedes into history, it 
becomes ever clearer to me that our rapidly changing world appears to 
be losing sight of the guiding principles that have accompanied the 
promotion of human dignity, peace and prosperity since the earliest 
progression of civilization. I also believe we are living in a day when 
the myriad of distractions of modern life in the United States leave 
precious little time for philosophical reflection upon the foundations 
which have guided this Nation through many turbulent times.
  To draw attention to these important principles and the pivotal role 
of the United States in bringing the Universal Declaration to fruition, 
I was pleased, along with Mr. Delahunt, to introduce this resolution to 
recognize the 60th anniversary of the Declaration of Human Rights. It 
is my hope that this effort will serve as a vivid reminder of the 
profound contributions of the United States throughout our short 
history as a champion of human rights around the world, of the work 
that is left to be done, and inspire thoughtful reflection on the 
transcended principles of human dignity.
  Mr. PAYNE. Mr. Speaker, I do believe that the Universal Declaration 
of Human Rights is extremely important. We have to work to have the 
United Nations. And we certainly celebrate this 60th anniversary.
  I urge support for this resolution. I'd like to thank Mr. Berman, Ms. 
Ros-Lehtinen and, of course, Mr. Fortenberry for this very timely 
resolution.
  Mr. Speaker, I yield back the balance of my time.
  Ms. ROS-LEHTINEN. I thank the gentleman from New Jersey.
  Ms. McCOLLUM of Minnesota. Mr. Speaker, I rise today in support of 
332, which commemorates the 60th anniversary of the signing of the 
Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
  On December 10, 1948, only three years after the end of the 
intolerance, oppression, death and destruction of World War II, the 
United Nations General Assembly created the first universal statement 
on the basic principles of inalienable human rights. The Declaration, 
with its core values of non-discrimination, equality, fairness and 
freedom, was to reaffirm faith in the dignity and worth of the human 
person and save succeeding generations from the devastation of war.
  Sixty years later, this document has become a standard to measure how 
nations govern. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights has led to 
progress in banning torture and rape as weapons of war and protecting 
Children from economic and sexual exploitation. The Declaration has 
served as a means of achieving self-determination for millions under 
colonial rule and has moved nations to guarantee legal justice and 
racial and gender equality for all their people.
  While the last sixty years have brought many advances in human 
rights, there is still work to be done. Article 25 of the Universal 
Declaration of Human Rights asserts that `motherhood and childhood are 
entitled to special care and assistance'. Such a right cannot be 
realized, however, when more than half a million women continue to die 
every year in childbirth having been unable to receive health care. Nor 
has it been guaranteed when over 28,000 children under the age of five 
die per day from easily preventable and treatable causes.
  The Universal Declaration of Human Rights was created to ensure the 
human rights of all but, in particular, those with relatively little 
power in society. While ensuring the rights and prosperity of all 
peoples and all nations was once an aspiration of the Universal 
Declaration of Human Rights, it is now a necessary reality. As the 
world becomes increasingly interdependent and is confronted with the 
new global challenges of pandemic disease, terrorism, and hunger, 
injustice anywhere endangers peace, prosperity and security everywhere. 
If we wish to combat these challenges, the Universal Declaration of 
Human Rights must be the foundation of our cooperation in this new 
century.
  Mr. Speaker, I urge my colleagues to renew their commitment to 
ensuring human rights for all people, everywhere and join me in 
supporting this Resolution.
  Ms. ROS-LEHTINEN. Mr. Speaker, I yield back the balance of my time.
  The SPEAKER pro tempore. The question is on the motion offered by

[[Page 12004]]

the gentleman from New Jersey (Mr. Payne) that the House suspend the 
rules and agree to the concurrent resolution, H. Con. Res. 332, as 
amended.
  The question was taken; and (two-thirds being in the affirmative) the 
rules were suspended and the concurrent resolution, as amended, was 
agreed to.
  A motion to reconsider was laid on the table.

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