[Congressional Record (Bound Edition), Volume 154 (2008), Part 5]
[Senate]
[Pages 7023-7024]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office, www.gpo.gov]




                         NEGLECTING AFGHANISTAN

  Mr. DURBIN. Mr. President, so much of the debate here in the Senate 
is consumed by the seemingly endless war in Iraq. I just left a hearing 
of the Democratic policy conference. It was the 13th hearing relative 
to the waste and abuse that took place during the course of this war. 
To think that we have spent almost $700 billion in the course of this 
war and how much of it has been wasted. We asked those who were 
testifying who were actually on the ground a few years ago in charge of 
allocating equipment and watching conduct. The estimates ranged from 30 
percent to 80 percent of the money spent being wasted--taxpayers' 
dollars, dedicated to make a safer place for our troops--actually 
wasted and stolen. Unfortunately, little or nothing has been done about 
it.
  The hearing from the Democratic policy conference began with Senator 
Dorgan back when the Republicans were in control of Congress and 
refused to hold the same hearings in the official committee structure. 
Now there are more hearings and more investigations both on the House 
and Senate side. But we can only hope, when a new President is elected, 
that President will decide it is time for a thorough investigation of 
the billions of dollars, taxpayers' dollars, that have been wasted in 
this war in Iraq--money not spent to make our troops safer, not spent 
to achieve our objectives but, rather, to line the pockets of greedy 
people.
  This isn't the first war in which this has happened, but it is 
certainly the only time I can recall when an administration has been so 
cavalier when it comes to this occurrence.
  We talk a lot about the war in Iraq. We should not forget what is 
happening in Afghanistan. This is a war that was declared shortly after 
September 11, unanimously in the Senate. Given how much blood and 
treasure has been lost in Iraq, it is easy to forget the stakes in 
Afghanistan.
  Afghanistan was the original home for al-Qaida. It is where Osama bin 
Laden planned his attack on the United States. He may very well still 
be alive in the border area of Afghanistan or nearby in Pakistan. If 
Taliban hosts freely allowed al-Qaida terrorists to train in camps 
there, we understand the threat that could pose. The Taliban also 
ruthlessly suppressed its own people, particularly its women.
  Let's remember what the 9/11 Commission said about Afghanistan:

       Bin Ladin appeared to have in Afghanistan a freedom of 
     movement he lacked in Sudan. Al-Qaida members could travel 
     freely within the country, enter and exit it without visas or 
     any immigration procedures, purchase and import vehicles and 
     weapons. . . . The Taliban seemed to open the doors to all 
     who wanted to come to Afghanistan to train in the camps. The 
     alliance with the Taliban provided al-Qaida a sanctuary in 
     which to train and indoctrinate fighters and terrorists, 
     import weapons, forge ties with other jihad groups and 
     leaders, and plot and staff terrorist schemes.

  Why revisit this history? Because the Taliban and al-Qaida have been 
regrouping along the Afghan and Pakistan border. In fact, now, more 
than 6 years into the war in Afghanistan, we are at risk of losing some 
of our hard- fought gains, gains paid for with the blood of American 
soldiers.
  Recently, Admiral Mullen, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, 
stated the obvious--that the U.S. military has too many troops tied 
down in Iraq to send reenforcements needed in Afghanistan. It is clear 
again this President decided before he won the war in Afghanistan to 
start a new war in the Iraq, at the expansion of our original mission. 
According to Admiral Mullen, ``There are force requirements [in 
Afghanistan] that we can't currently meet.'' He said, ``Having forces 
in Iraq at the level they're at doesn't allow us to fill the need that 
we have in Afghanistan.''
  The GAO just released an assessment of U.S. efforts to counter 
terrorist activity in the border area of Pakistan. The report concluded 
that the United States has not met its national security goals in 
Pakistan's tribal areas and that ``. . . al-Qaida has established a 
safe haven near Pakistan's border with Afghanistan.''
  A top Army commander, MG Jeffrey Schloesser, warned that Afghanistan 
could see record levels of violence this year.
  Just the other week, the British charity Oxfam released a report 
noting

[[Page 7024]]

that Western countries have failed to deliver $10 billion of 
nonmilitary assistance pledged to Afghanistan since 2001. The United 
States is responsible for one-half of that shortfall. Despite the 
billions that have been spent in Iraq, we have failed to keep our 
promises when it came to humanitarian assistance, nonmilitary 
assistance, in Afghanistan.
  This is not isolated. The World Bank has spent approximately half of 
its commitments to Afghanistan; the European Commission and Germany, 
less than two thirds; and the Asian Development Bank in India, a third.
  Take another example--support for the National Solidarity Program, 
widely regarded as one of the most successful development efforts in 
Afghanistan. The 5-year-old program is funded by international donors, 
administered by the Government of Afghanistan. It is one of the few to 
reach into rural areas. In this program, village residents work 
collaboratively with local governments to identify developing needs. 
There is a feeling of ownership, of participation. Women are actively 
involved. Because of the sense of ownership, the Taliban is less likely 
to destroy these local projects.
  Take for example the recent example profiled in the Washington 
Monthly. In the village of Dadi Khel, residents came together to decide 
on developing a small hydroelectric turbine for the nearby river. When 
finished, it will be able to provide electricity to about 300 families 
in the village.
  Next to the site is a poster nailed to a tree that clearly shows to 
all the disbursement of funds for the project. A local teacher told the 
reporter, ``This is our money. All the time we are checking whether 
it's spent correctly.''
  Yet this novel program is facing a shortfall of hundreds of millions 
of dollars to continue work in existing communities--let alone to 
expand into Afghanistan's remaining 7,000 villages. While Canada, 
Germany, and the U.K. have all increased financial support for this 
program, U.S. funding was reduced between 2006 and 2007.
  It's not surprising therefore that the Oxfam report said that 
international development aid to Afghanistan remains ``woefully 
inadequate.'' Oxfam noted that only $7 is spent in international 
development assistance in Afghanistan for every $100 in U.S. military 
expenditures.
  That translates into less development aid per capita in Afghanistan 
than the world spent in postconflict Bosnia or East Timor.
  How could we let this happen? How could we take our eye off the ball?
  Of course, part of the answer is that this administration diverted 
critical military, intelligence, and civilian assets from Afghanistan 
to Iraq.
  Just imagine how much more progress we could have made in Afghanistan 
if we had not gone into Iraq.
  But another part of the problem is that we have not done enough to 
support long term development efforts so critical in winning the hearts 
and minds of the Afghan people.
  I remember during a visit to Afghanistan last year that there were 
only six American agricultural experts for the entire country--I think 
today there are eight. That is right, for a nation with an agricultural 
economy and record poppy harvest, only a handful of agricultural 
development experts.
  Sadly, I suppose this is not really surprising. USAID has seen its 
number of full time Foreign Service officers drop from a historic high 
of over 5,000, to only 1,000 today. The Peace Corps has seen its budget 
in real dollars drop by almost 40 percent since its inception in 1961.
  America's strength comes not just from its military might, but from 
the power of its ideas, from its generosity, and from its ability to 
serve as a beacon of hope, human rights, and democracy. I fear in 
recent years a measure of this leadership has been lost.
  We must ensure that the efforts in Afghanistan, and in Pakistan, 
receive the resources they deserve. We must invest in development 
activities that work to develop economic and educational opportunities. 
We must help with agricultural and democratic development.
  And, we must work with our allies to ensure that the Taliban and al-
Qaeda do not reemerge.
  I hope all Members of the Senate will understand that as this 
administration comes to an end in just another 8 or 9 months, there 
will be a temptation on the other side of the aisle to blame this 
woeful state of affairs somehow on the Democratic Party. But this war 
in Iraq was initiated by this President with the overwhelming support 
of his party. This President has refused to change the policy in Iraq, 
and we continue to see an endless war, costing us dramatic sums of 
money, creating sacrifice in the United States, still endangering our 
troops, with no end in sight. That is the legacy of the Bush 
administration in Iraq, and that is why the war in Afghanistan, today, 
continues to be a challenge to the United States.
  I yield the floor.
  The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Senator from Texas.

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