[Congressional Record (Bound Edition), Volume 154 (2008), Part 17]
[House]
[Pages 23767-23770]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office, www.gpo.gov]




    AN ANALYSIS OF THE EMERGENCY ECONOMIC STABILIZATION ACT OF 2008

  The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under the Speaker's announced policy of 
January 18, 2007, the gentleman from Ohio (Mr. Kucinich) is recognized 
for 60 minutes as the designee of the majority leader.
  Mr. KUCINICH. Mr. Speaker and Members of the House, tomorrow this 
House of Representatives will take a momentous vote. It is a vote which 
will determine whether or not this House will be able to meet the needs 
of millions of homeowners who are facing foreclosure or whether or not 
we are simply going to go along with a $700 billion bailout to 
America's banks and to Wall Street, which has searched that somehow 
these benefits are going to trickle down.
  We know that the Senate took action to pass its own version of the 
bill, and we in turn will have the opportunity to vote on that Senate 
version. I want to share with my colleagues an analysis of the Senate 
bill so that when we come to vote on it, we know exactly what this bill 
will not do.
  In the bill that will be presented to the Congress, there are no 
stronger protections for homeowners and no changes in the language to 
ensure that the Secretary has the authority to compel mortgage services 
to modify the terms of mortgages. Now, this is significant because, as 
many economists agree, the central focus of the unraveling of the 
economy has been with people not being able to pay their mortgages for 
a variety of reasons. And when that happens in millions of homes, that 
has a percolating effect. It affects the banks and it affects Wall 
Street. You would think that given the fact that this is the underlying 
problem that we would be considering a bill that would directly address 
dealing with the terms of the mortgages. But this bill doesn't do that.
  Let me tell you why this becomes very significant. I come from 
Cleveland, Ohio, a city which has been at the epicenter of the subprime 
mortgage crisis. But as we know, with the subprime mortgage crisis 
comes an entire range of bankruptcies, but also other properties start 
to get pulled under in terms of their value.
  There is a neighborhood in my district called Forest City Park, Mr. 
Speaker. It is an area that I'm quite familiar with because my 
political career, which goes back 41 years, has had a lot to do with 
Forest City Park. It's a community where they had a very long-lasting 
civic association that came together in support of each other keeping 
up their community and in property. People met to improve playgrounds, 
to improve streets, to improve parks and properties. And people came 
together in a kind of sense of joy that people in communities have when 
they share a common goal and a common interest. And Forest City Park 
was one of those neighborhoods, like many neighborhoods across this 
country, where people took pride in their property, where people spent 
their whole lives trying to improve their property, and their property 
was their biggest investment.
  Mr. Speaker, if you were to come with me to the Forest City Park 
area, there are still homes that are being kept up. There are still 
people who sweep their doorstep every morning and who even clean the 
streets on their own. But the good part of the neighborhood has been 
inundated and caught up in this subprime mortgage crisis. House after 
house after house has gone into foreclosure. House after house after 
house is being boarded up. Fires are starting in neighborhoods, taking 
up some of these properties that were once the pride of the community.
  Now, we know how this subprime mortgage crisis started. We know it 
started with speculation on Wall Street where they created derivatives 
that came from groups of mortgage-backed securities. We know that 
property values were inflated deliberately, that people desperate for a 
home were told that they can get their home without any documentation, 
just sign on the dotted line. The value of it was inflated so Wall 
Street firms could have inflated assets on their books and then keep 
trading and trading and trading them, and then when property values 
started to drop, when there was an economic slowdown, people couldn't 
pay their mortgages, everything became unraveled. How many people's 
dreams were destroyed? Well, in Forest City Park there were many dreams 
destroyed. There were many people who saw a life's work disappear 
because of the lack of regulation.
  And today they and millions of Americans like them look to Washington 
to try to say what are we going to do to help people who, through no 
fault of their own, are caught up in a colossal economic machine which 
has ground to a halt, putting its full physical pressure on the people 
at the great margins of our society and people in the middle as well? 
Millions of homeowners are looking to us. And yet we come up with a 
bailout that doesn't offer the homeowners anything. Over 300 pages of 
tax cuts and tax breaks that have absolutely nothing to do with the 
housing crisis at the center of this financial storm.
  My colleague Mr. Poe earlier in the day outlined some of the tax 
breaks: tax breaks for litigants in the Exxon Valdez incident, wooden 
arrows used by school children, tax breaks and earmarks for auto racing 
tracks, wool research, the Virgin Islands and rum. Now, maybe we could 
argue that some of those breaks in and of themselves ought to be 
considered. But why would they be in a bailout bill? The Senate expects 
us to consider and pass a bill we have already defeated merely because 
they have added millions of dollars of tax breaks that will strain the 
Federal budget even more.
  So let me recap. We are coming back with a bill that has no stronger 
protection for homeowners, no changes in the language to ensure that 
the Secretary has the authority to compel mortgage servicers to modify 
the terms of mortgages, over 300 pages of tax cuts and tax breaks that 
have absolutely nothing to do with the housing crisis at the center of 
the storm, and, get this, no stronger regulatory changes to fix the 
circumstances that allowed this to happen.
  How did it come to be that we could see this condition occur where 
speculation ran wild on Wall Street and yet the very agencies that 
ought to be watching it have had nothing to do with stopping it? The 
cop at the Securities and Exchange Commission walked off the beat, did 
not restrain firms that they knew were speculating with derivatives to 
a factor of 30 and 40 times. How could this happen? How could the 
Federal Reserve, knowing that banks were up to their ears in these 
financial instruments, not look to see how that might threaten the 
underlying financial stability of a bank? They walked off the beat. And 
so it comes to this Congress to decide what to do.
  The thing about this that I think is the most vexing is this 
condition: that our government, which is already trillions of dollars 
in debt, in effect is going to have to borrow $700 billion

[[Page 23768]]

from the banks, with interest, to give the banks a $700 billion 
bailout. Where are we going to get the money? We're not cutting $700 
billion out of the budget; we're going to borrow the money. And when we 
borrow the money to give to the banks, the banks in return will give us 
their toxic debts.
  We are being told this is the only way we can solve this financial 
crisis. Whom are we solving this crisis for? Are we solving it for 
homeowners? Obviously not. We're solving it for speculators. We're 
solving it for foreign investors because what we find out is that, as 
Brad Sherman has pointed out, hundreds of billions of dollars in this 
bailout will be used to buy toxic assets currently held by foreign 
investors. How did we get to this situation?
  Under this bill the administration can buy any asset from any 
financial institution for any price. For those of you who are thinking 
this is going to bail out U.S. businesses, think again. We can have 
banks from all over the world scouring, scouring their financial 
ledgers, looking at their worst debts, and then they're going to send 
them over to the United States, and then the taxpayers of the United 
States are going to pay for them.
  This bill should have had a provision saying that the Treasury can 
only buy assets proven to come from an American investor. That way it's 
about America. This bill should have something about taking care of 
America first.

                              {time}  1930

  We are not even taking care of America's investors first. We are not 
even taking care of America's speculators first. We are not taking care 
of America's homeowners first. This is about foreign investors. Is our 
economy so weak that we can't stand up, solve our problems here at 
home, or is it that we are so heavily leveraged, that foreign markets 
have such control over us, that they can force this Congress to pass a 
bill to help bail them out?
  Foreclosures are devastating our communities. People are losing their 
jobs. The price of necessities is skyrocketing. This legislation, just 
like the one that we defeated a few days ago, will do nothing to solve 
the problems plaguing American families or help them to get out from 
under the oppressive debt that they have been forced to take on.
  We have demanded language in the legislation that would empower the 
Treasury to compel mortgage servicers to rework the terms of mortgage 
loans so homeowners could avoid foreclosure. Owning a home is at the 
center of the American Dream. The American Dream is threatened here. 
The American Dream is under attack. The American Dream needs to be 
protected. The American Dream needs to be restored. The American Dream 
needs to get some life in it from this House of Representatives. Yet, 
the American Dream is going to have to wait another day.
  We are told that if this passes, the market may go up. The market 
went up 485 points a day after we defeated it. But we are told that if 
this passes, the market may go up.
  Let me tell you what is not going to go up. The hopes of America's 
homeowners. Because nothing is done for them in this bill. So who's 
going to tell the widow whose husband may have worked a lifetime to 
assure them a piece of property, which got into trouble because maybe 
she did a reverse mortgage, who's going to tell her that there's 
nothing in this bill for her?
  Who's going to tell the laborer, who has worked day in and day out, 
working himself and his fingers to the bone, and where he is behind in 
his mortgage payments, and the bank is telling him, No, you can't give 
me $500. I want the whole $1,200 or we are going to go into 
foreclosure. Who's going to tell them that there's nothing for him in 
this bill?
  This is a sad day in our Republic when we see the most pressing needs 
of the American people sacrificed to the speculators on Wall Street. 
And, of course, there is another dimension to this debate, and that 
other dimension deals with the free-market economy. What in the world 
are we doing here, where we are basically interfering in the market 
with a $700 billion investment, and suddenly we are telling all these 
speculators, Don't worry about it. The government is going to use the 
American tax dollars to ensure your risk.
  The whole basis of the market, as all of us know, has to do with 
risk. You invest; it is a risk. There's nothing guaranteed. And so we 
are telling people who are in the market, particularly those who are in 
the market for billions of dollars, Go ahead and take a risk. Uncle Sam 
will back you up. Well, if we can tell that to the speculators, why 
can't we tell that to America's homeowners when they are not betting.
  If someone goes to Las Vegas and bets the ranch, and loses the ranch, 
the casino didn't give them a new ranch. Speculators bet the ranch. And 
we are going to help restore their position with this legislation.
  We are told there's a crisis in liquidity. We have been told by Bill 
Isaac, the former head of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, 
that it's not the liquidity problem that is said to exist. That in fact 
banks don't want to loan to each other because of this psychology that 
is going on in the marketplace. They are afraid that other banks are 
going to go down. This is the United States of America. We should have 
the power to deal with this.
  Ireland. Ireland. Ireland, the historic home of my mother's side of 
the family. Ireland figured out that they put the full faith and credit 
of Ireland behind the bank deposits, and they stabilized their economy. 
No one is losing any money.
  We need innovative approaches here. We don't have them. What we have 
is a reward for speculation. The free-market economy, that whole idea 
is being shredded with this hand of the government moving in.
  Now, people will say, Well, what is your plan? My plan is this. 
Number one. That we must have legislation that has an approach of 
dealing with the problem at its base. Helping the millions of 
homeowners. You help the many and the few will benefit. You help the 
few and the many will not benefit. We all know this. Trickle never gets 
down.
  We also know this. If we can introduce a bill that can say that we 
can give Treasury or the FHA the ability to buy a controlling interest 
in these mortgage-backed securities, and work out something for the 
homeowners, we can have a whole new condition where the government goes 
to work for the homeowners of America.
  Franklin Roosevelt understood the importance of coming forward with 
the New Deal plan that helped resurrect this country's economy. We can 
solve this problem of the homeowners. It could be that we create a new 
Homeownership Loan Corporation. But whatever it is, we have the ability 
to do it.
  I am here to offer what I call a recovery plan for Main Street. And 
here's how we can prime the pump of this economy. We can prime the pump 
of the economy, number one, with health care for all. Insurance 
companies make money not providing health care. As the coauthor of H.R. 
676, a universal, single-payer, not-for-profit health care system, 
Medicare for All, I understand that millions of Americans want health 
care that is accessible and affordable. Medicare for All will help 
businesses, large and small; will create jobs, as well as save the jobs 
of thousands of people, including those of doctors, nurses, and health 
care workers, who are currently leaving medicine because it is run by 
insurance companies.
  One dollar out of every $3 of the $2.4 trillion spent annually in 
America for health care goes to the insurance companies. If we take 
that money, $800 billion in unproductive, wasteful spending, and put it 
directly into care, we will have enough money to cover everyone. We are 
already paying for Medicare for all, but not receiving it.
  This is the way you get an economy going. This is the way you move 
money in the economy. Not only help people restore their homes, but 
also help people get the health care that they need.
  Another way that you start to move money in the economy is through a 
prescription benefit for seniors. H.R. 6800 is the MEDS Act, which 
provides a

[[Page 23769]]

fully paid prescription drug benefit under Medicare for all seniors. I 
wrote this bill to help alleviate the economic pressure that comes from 
the high cost of prescription drugs.
  We can pay for it by letting the government negotiate drug prices 
with the pharmaceutical companies the same way that they do with the 
Veterans' Administration. We can also do it--pay for it with 
reimportation.
  The third thing we can do that can help the American economy is to 
stop the oil companies from price gouging. I was one of the first ones 
to step up and challenge the corrupt price gouging and market 
speculation of the oil companies by proposing a windfall profits tax on 
oil and natural gas companies, with revenues put into tax credits for 
the purchase of fuel-efficient American-made cars.
  However, it may be that nationalization is the only way to put an end 
to the oil companies' sharp practices. I mean, after all, we are 
nationalizing one of the largest insurance companies, with AIG. We are 
helping to nationalize the stock market and a lot of banks. Why don't 
we go for the gold, where the big money is, and nationalize the oil 
companies and then take the profits and give it back to the people so 
we can take a whole new direction in energy and not be strapped any 
more by these oil companies.
  The fourth policy that I believe will help with the Main Street 
recovery plan deals with protecting the American homestead. As chairman 
of the Domestic Policy Oversight Subcommittee, I am working to protect 
people's basic right to have a roof over their head, whether as an 
owner or renter. It was my subcommittee which investigated and exposed 
the manipulation of mortgage markets. I am working to craft a new 
Federal policy so that neighborhoods with the highest number of 
foreclosures can get the most help.
  The fifth thing we can do to restore our economy is to have a program 
of Jobs for All. We know what Franklin Roosevelt did, the old New Deal 
economics, jobs for all, a new WPA program. That Jobs for All program, 
with the cosponsorship of Congressman LaTourette is a bipartisan New 
Deal-type jobs program that rebuilds America's infrastructure. It would 
create millions of good-paying new jobs, rebuilding our roads, bridges, 
water systems, and sewer systems.
  The sixth thing in a plan to restore the American economy--there's an 
alternative to this bailout--is to have an American manufacturing 
policy. I am drafting legislation calling for an American Manufacturing 
Policy Act that, for the first time, will state that the maintenance of 
steel, automotive, and aerospace, is vital to our national economic 
security, and must be maintained through an integrated public-private 
rebuilding of our roads, bridges, and water systems.
  I am calling for a new plan for Main Street under a Works Green 
Administration. It's the WGA turned into an environmental program where 
we focus on restoring the planet. This is one in which the government 
creates millions of jobs by incentivizing the design, the engineering, 
manufacturing, distribution, and maintenance of millions of wind and 
solar microtechnologies for millions of homes and businesses, 
dramatically lowering energy cost and reducing our dependence on oil.
  We need a new trade policy, and that is the eighth plank in a plan 
that restores Main Street. And that is what we should be talking about 
here. But that is not what the bailout does. A plan that restores Main 
Street says we have to have fair trade. It must mean the end of NAFTA. 
This country has lost millions of good-paying jobs, and more jobs have 
been outsourced.
  We must have education for all. That is the ninth plank. That is why 
I introduced H.R. 4060, a universal prekindergarten program to ensure 
that all children ages 3 to 5 have access to full quality day care.
  We have to protect pensions. I am working to change bankruptcy laws 
so pensioners' claims will be first ahead of the banks, and that 
corporate executives who misuse pension workers' funds are subject to 
criminal penalties. We have to strengthen the Pension Benefit Guarantee 
Board.
  Before I give the final six points in this, Mr. Speaker, and yield to 
my friend, Mr. Sherman, I'd like to ask the Speaker how much time is 
left.
  The SPEAKER pro tempore. The gentleman from Ohio has 35 minutes.
  Mr. KUCINICH. I am going to yield 5 more minutes to myself, and then 
go to my good friend, Mr. Sherman, for as much time as he may consume.

                              {time}  1945

  Let it be said that there are other options here to stimulating the 
American economy. I just named 10 different points, and I am going to 
name an 11th.
  We have to protect Social Security. From my first moments in Congress 
when I exposed Wall Street's efforts to privatize Social Security and 
attacked it in our own Democratic Caucus when privatization was being 
proposed, I have watched this effort at times to privatize Social 
Security.
  Imagine if we had privatized Social Security. Imagine what happens 
when the market goes down and people begin to lose the only guarantee 
in some cases anyone has. We have to protect Social Security. It is 
rock solid through the year 2032 without any changes whatsoever. 
Protecting Social Security must be part of a plan to keep Main Street 
solid.
  We have to protect bank deposits. It is a positive development that 
now people are talking about insuring a quarter of a million dollars of 
bank deposits through the FDIC. But the fact of the matter is, you can 
do that without being in a bailout bill.
  Protecting investors. We need to bring back strong regulation to Wall 
Street. As chairman of domestic policy, I challenge the Wall Street 
hedge fund speculators who have been a threat to all investors, and I 
intend to keep active watch on the machinations of Wall Street.
  We need a new national security policy called ``Strength Through 
Peace.'' I helped lead the effort against the Iraq war. We forget about 
the Iraq war in this debate often, but the truth of the matter is that 
war is going to cost the American people anywhere between $3 trillion 
and $5 trillion and as many lives as have been lost by our soldiers and 
as many lives as have been lost by innocent Iraqis.
  We need a new direction in America. We have to end the war and bring 
our troops home. We must engage in diplomacy. We have to reduce the 
military budget and stop these outrageous cost overruns by firms like 
Halliburton.
  We have to work so there is safety in America, safe neighborhoods, 
safe homes. I introduced a bill, H.R. 808, which creates a 
comprehensive plan to deal with the issues of violence in American 
society; domestic violence, spousal abuse, child abuse, violence in the 
school, racial violence, gang violence, gun violence, that exact a 
social and economic toll on America.
  We can work our way through these dilemmas. This is America. We have 
unlimited ability to solve our problems and to meet challenges. But we 
have to realize that what we have here is not simply an economic 
challenge, it is a spiritual challenge.
  Today we are being challenged by greed. Greed will bring down our 
Nation if we don't stand up for those whose prime values have been 
fairness, frugality and faithfulness.
  We must remember who we are as Americans. We can begin to strengthen 
ourselves by defeating this bill. Where people are being threatened, 
let us rise up with courage. Where people are being told that there is 
no other path, let us provide alternatives. And let us reclaim the 
Nation that we love.
  Standing above us, rising above us is an American eagle, a beautiful 
American eagle at the canopy of this House. This eagle, which spreads 
itself over the fullness of this Congress, has a left wing and a right 
wing. That American eagle needs two wings to fly. That American eagle 
was able to soar a few days ago, and hopefully it will soar again 
tomorrow.
  The motto under that eagle, E. Pluribus Unum, out of many we are one. 
Let us be one for the mass of Americans. Let us be one for the 
homeowners. Let us be one for those who

[[Page 23770]]

want jobs. Let us be one for those who want health care. Let us be one 
for those who want a country they can call their own, the people of the 
United States of America.
  1. Health Care for All: Insurance companies make money not providing 
health care. As the co-author of H.R. 676, a universal, single-payer, 
not-for-profit health care system, Medicare for All, I understand 
millions of Americans want health care that is accessible and 
affordable.
  Medicare for All will help businesses large and small, create jobs as 
well as save the jobs of thousands of people including those of 
doctors, nurses and other healthcare workers who are currently leaving 
medicine because it is run by the insurance companies. $1 in every 3 
dollars of the $2.4 trillion spent annually in America for health care 
goes to the insurance companies. If we take that money ($800 billion in 
unproductive wasteful spending) and put it directly into care, we will 
have enough money to cover everyone. We are already paying for Medicare 
for all, but not receiving it. H.R. 676 changes that.
  2. Prescription Drug Benefit for Seniors: H.R. 6800 is the MEDS Act, 
which provides a fully paid prescription drug benefit, under Medicare, 
for all seniors. I wrote this bill to help alleviate the economic 
pressure that comes from the high cost of prescription drugs. We can 
pay for it by letting the government negotiate drug prices with the 
pharmaceutical companies as well as by permitting re-importation.
  3. Stop the Oil Companies' Price Gouging: As you know, I was the 
first one to step up to challenge of the corrupt price gouging and 
market speculation of the oil companies by proposing a windfall profits 
tax, on oil and natural gas companies. with revenues put into tax 
credits for the purchase of fuel-efficient American-made cars, However, 
it may be that nationalization is the only way to put an end to the oil 
companies' sharp practices.
  4. Protecting the American Homestead: As Chairman of the Domestic 
Policy Oversight Subcommittee, I am working to protect your basic right 
to have a roof over your head, whether as an owner or renter. I have 
Investigated and helped to expose the manipulation of mortgage markets, 
and I am crafting a new federal policy so that neighborhoods with the 
highest number of foreclosures get the most help.
  5. Jobs for All: Congressman LaTourette and I have co-authored the 
bi-partisan New Deal-type jobs program, H.R. 3400, ``Rebuilding 
America's Infrastructure.'' It will create millions of good-paying new 
jobs rebuilding our roads, bridges, water systems and sewer systems.
  6. American Manufacturing Policy: I am drafting the American 
Manufacturing Policy Act, which for the first time, will state that the 
maintenance of U.S. steel, automotive, and aerospace industries are 
vital to our national economic security and must be maintained through 
integrated public-private cooperation, new trade policies, and 
investment.
  7. Works Green Administration: I am also drafting plans for a green 
New Deal jobs program, in which the govemment creates millions of jobs 
by incentivizing the design, engineering, manufacturing, distribution 
and maintenance of millions of wind and solar micro-technologies for 
millions of homes and businesses, dramatically lowering energy costs 
and reducing our dependence on oil.
  8. Fair Trade: The U.S. has lost millions of good-paying jobs, and 
more jobs have been out-sourced. As you know, I have helped to lead the 
way in opposition to trade giveaways. I strongly urge repeal of NAFTA. 
We must include workers' rights, human rights and environmental quality 
principles in all trade pacts. We must also protect the Great Lakes' 
water resources from the reach of multi-national corporations.
  9. Education for All: I know families need help with the rising cost 
of day care. That is why I introduced H.R. 4060. a universal pre-
kindergarten program to ensure that all children ages 3-5 have access 
to full-day, quality day care.
  10. Protecting Pensions: I am working to change bankruptcy laws so 
pensioners' claims will be first, ahead of banks, and that corporate 
executives who misuse workers' pension funds are subject to criminal 
penalties. I want to fully fund the Pension Benefit Guarantee Board.
  11. Social Security: From my first moments in Congress, I have 
exposed Wall Street's efforts to privatize Social Security and attacked 
it in the Democratic Caucus when it was being proposed. Can you imagine 
where seniors would be today if Social Security had been turned over to 
the stock market? Social Security is solid through 2032 without any 
changes.
  12. Protect Bank Deposits: I will work to make sure the Federal 
Deposit Insurance Corporation, FDIC, has sufficient funds to provide 
for insurance of deposits up to $200,000 at all banks and savings and 
loans. This is an urgent matter since so many banks are said to be 
vulnerable.
  13. Protect Investors: Bring back strong regulation to Wall Street. 
As Chairman of the Domestic Policy Subcommittee, I challenged the Wall 
Street hedge fund speculators as a threat to small Investors. I intend 
to keep active watch over the machinations on Wall Street.
  14. Strength through Peace: You'll remember when I led the effort 
against the ill-conceived Iraq war, which has now cost more than 4.100 
U.S. soldiers' lives, cost U.S. taxpayers between $3 trillion and $5 
trillion, and resulted in the deaths of more than a million Iraqis. We 
must bring our troops home and end the war. We must engage in 
diplomacy. We must reduce the military budget, and we must stop 
outrageous cost overruns by the likes of Halliburton.
  16. Safety in America: I am proud of my work for peace. In July 2001, 
I introduced a bill, which today is H.R. 808, that for the first time 
creates a comprehensive plan to deal with the issues of violence in 
American society, particularly domestic violence, spousal abuse, child 
abuse, gang violence, gun violence, racial violence, and violence 
against gays by establishing a Cabinet-level Department of Peace and 
Restorative Justice. This proposal has sparked a national movement and 
when implemented will save taxpayers millions of dollars.
  16. Monetary Policy: It is long past the time that we looked at the 
implications of our debt based monetary system, the privatization of 
money created by the 1913 Federal Reserve Act. the banks fractional 
reserve system and our debt-based economic system. Unless we have 
dramatic reform of monetary policy, the entire economic system will 
continue to accelerate wealth upwards. I am currently working on 
drafting legislation for an `American Monetary Act' to address these 
and other issues in order to protect the economic well-being of 
America.
  I yield to my friend from California, who has done such a wonderful 
job in organizing what is called the Skeptics Caucus, at a time where 
skepticism is called for. Through enlightened articulation of facts, he 
has come forward, as has my good friend and colleague from Ohio, 
Representative Marcy Kaptur, who has courageously stood here day in and 
day out challenging this corrupt bailout.
  I yield to my friends, and I thank you for your service to America 
and for your service to your communities.

                          ____________________