[Congressional Record (Bound Edition), Volume 154 (2008), Part 14]
[Senate]
[Pages 19692-19698]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office, www.gpo.gov]




                   TAX EXTENDERS AND DISASTER RELIEF

  Mr. CORNYN. Mr. President, earlier the majority leader came to the 
floor and propounded a unanimous consent request on the tax extenders 
package, and I told him that while I supported the legislation, there 
are a lot of good things in the bill, I still had some concerns about 
the disparate treatment of the State of Texas, especially related to 
Hurricane Ike.
  I am pleased to report that as a result of discussions with the 
Finance Committee--Senator Grassley, Senator Baucus, and their staff--I 
believe we have achieved our goal of getting fair treatment for the 
State and the victims of Hurricane Ike. I wanted to come to the floor 
and express my gratitude to Senator Baucus and Senator Grassley. We are 
reviewing the final language, but subject to that, I think, as far as I 
am concerned, there is no objection to proceeding to the bill.
  As I toured the hurricane-damaged area last weekend----
  Mr. BAUCUS. Mr. President, if the Senator would briefly pause, I wish 
to thank the Senator from Texas. The Senator has been great to work 
with as we worked out some provisions to help that State, especially 
the Galveston area, and the coastal States in getting additional 
disaster assistance. I thank the Senator as well as his colleague from 
Texas. We will come back to do more at a later date, but we are doing 
what we can on this bill, and I say thanks to my colleague for working 
so well with us.
  Mr. CORNYN. Mr. President, I appreciate the generous comments of the 
distinguished chairman of the Finance Committee. I especially enjoyed 
the part where he said we may come back later for more once we have 
been able to do further assessments. That is an important part of the 
rationale for agreement on this bill. We understand we can't do 
everything that needs to be done in this bill because the hurricane 
only hit this last weekend. There are a lot of people who have yet to 
be able to get back to their homes, a lot of folks without power, a lot 
of damage that is

[[Page 19693]]

ongoing that cannot be fully calculated.
  I had the chance, when traveling around the damaged area, to witness 
the destructive capacity of this huge hurricane and hear from a lot of 
my constituents, a lot of displaced Texans who were trying to find the 
necessities of life, including food, water, and shelter. Of course, 
they were very anxious to know about their homes, whether they would be 
able to return home, when they would be able to return home, and what 
they would find when they got there.
  I appreciate that the chairman of the Finance Committee has included 
in the extenders package things such as bonus depreciation and 
expensing. These may seem like arcane subjects, but they actually mean 
a lot. They will mean a lot to the people of my State when it comes to 
rebuilding and getting back on their feet and getting back to work.
  I understand the unique circumstances we find ourselves in and the 
need to get the extenders package passed, which, as I said earlier, I 
support. I offer my congratulations to Senator Cantwell, who is on the 
floor, and Senator Ensign for their leadership. They have been working 
hard and long at trying to get this done, and I know we are almost over 
the goal line.
  Included in the package is an extension of the State and local sales 
tax deduction. This is something that is important to my State and to 
the other States that do not have an income tax. Because, of course, 
you can deduct your Federal income tax from your--or your State income 
tax from your Federal income tax, but if you don't have a State income 
tax, as Texas does not and, I might add, never will, this provides a 
level playing field by allowing the deduction of State and local tax.
  This also includes an extension of the very important research and 
development tax credit which helps many companies in Texas and around 
the country be competitive in the globalized economy.
  This measure also includes the extension of several renewable energy 
tax credits that have helped grow the Texas renewable energy industry. 
I know my colleagues get a little tired of Texans always bragging about 
Texas, but I am not going to stop now. We are No. 1 in the production 
of electricity from wind energy. Many people think of Texas as an oil 
and gas State, and we are that, but we are much more. We are an energy 
State. Credits for wind, solar, geothermal, biomass, hydropower, clean 
renewable energy bonds, fuel cell, and credits for residential energy 
efficiency home improvements are helping to diversify our Nation's 
energy portfolio and are a significant contribution toward answering 
the energy crisis we find ourselves in today.
  This measure also supports the clean use of coal. Coal, of course, is 
cheap. It is domestic. We have a lot of it. We are sometimes called the 
Saudi Arabia of coal here in the United States. Its use is essential to 
helping reduce our dependence on imported energy from abroad. Of 
course, coal can burn dirty, and we need to continue to do the research 
and development that is so important to finding ways to use that energy 
with which we have been endowed here in this country in a way that 
results in not only good and inexpensive energy use, but also a good, 
clean environment. We need to spur the advanced technology market to 
capture carbon and sequester it. Of course, the Federal Government has 
sort of been involved in a start-and-stop effort to try to do that kind 
of research. As a matter of fact, two cities in Texas, Jewett and 
Odessa, were finalists in the Federal Department of Energy effort to do 
an extensive research project into clean coal technology. 
Unfortunately, that got so big and expensive that the Secretary of 
Energy decided to basically go another way.
  The fact is we have the geology in Texas because of a lot of old oil 
wells that could sequester carbon dioxide, and we also know that the 
capture of carbon dioxide has many beneficial uses, particularly when 
it comes to secondary recovery and tertiary recovery in old oil fields.
  Another key part of solving our energy crisis is the transformation 
of our transportation sector through the use of plug-in electric 
vehicles and other alternative fuels. This package establishes a new 
credit for consumers who purchase plug-in electric vehicles. Now, I am 
still a little bit skeptical of how many people in my State of 24 
million people are going to decide to trade in their pickup truck for a 
plug-in hybrid vehicle that has a battery that will go maybe 40 miles. 
That won't get you very far, particularly out in west Texas. But I 
think in a lot of places, that kind of technology, hopefully, will come 
to the market as soon as 2010. I know GM is going to introduce the Volt 
and I know other car manufacturers will be introducing their own models 
of these plug-in electric hybrids, and I think this new credit will 
provide that choice and that option to consumers in Texas.
  So I thank, again, Senator Grassley, Senator Baucus, and the Finance 
Committee staff. I wish to extend my appreciation to my colleague, the 
senior Senator from Texas, Senator Hutchison, for all of her hard work. 
We have tried to work together, and have worked together, in the best 
interests of our State, but also in a way that I think creates a win/
win for the people of America. I believe this effort is the first step 
to making Texas whole again, and I trust that our colleagues who have 
expressed so much sympathy and concern for the people of Texas who were 
affected by this terrible hurricane will have long memories.
  When we come back after this bill is passed, we will continue to work 
together on other important measures to make sure that each of our 
States affected by natural disasters, wherever they may be, will be 
treated in a fair and evenhanded sort of way. Senator Hutchison, of 
course, has been taking the lead when it comes to working on what I 
anticipate will likely be a supplemental appropriation request. But as 
I said at the outset, this hurricane is very recent. There are still a 
couple million people without power, and the assessments are still 
being done. But we will be back and we will be seeking the further--not 
only words of support from our colleagues, but something real and 
tangible in terms of support for the people of our State.
  I see my colleague, the senior Senator from Texas on the floor, and I 
certainly yield the floor to her.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The senior Senator from Texas is recognized.
  Mrs. HUTCHISON. Mr. President, I wish to say to my colleague from 
Texas that we have been working together all day on the tax extender 
package, because there are many facets that affect Texas in this tax 
extender package. Then, on a separate note, I am certainly working with 
our whole delegation on the appropriations part of the continuing 
resolution we expect to see next week.
  I so appreciate working with the chairman of the Finance Committee, 
as well as Senator Grassley. Both Senator Baucus and Senator Grassley 
have been very helpful in trying to fashion an addition, actually, to 
the tax extender bill because, of course, as Senator Cornyn has said, 
this hurricane hit our State last weekend. We have seen the pictures--
all America has seen the pictures--of the streets of Galveston, the 
former streets of many of our areas, and the residents who still cannot 
get back into their homes, including 2 million people who still don't 
have power. So we know the devastation that has hit our area, but we 
don't know yet what the total cost is going to be, because we can't 
even get into Galveston to start making assessments. Certainly Port 
Arthur, Orange, Beaumont, the lower parts of Harris County--all the way 
through our area, we are seeing the effects of this storm that are not 
yet calculable.
  The Finance Committee has agreed to add into the bill, that was 
already on the way, the help that Texas and Louisiana are going to need 
because of Ike in the tax part of the extender package. The disaster 
part that will be added in is going to be very helpful to the private 
sector and the ability to start getting the housing up and going in 
these areas that have been completely wiped out. I think that later, 
when Senator Baucus comes to the floor, we will want to talk about it 
to make sure it is clearly understood exactly what the effects will be 
on Texas

[[Page 19694]]

and Louisiana. But our delegations have worked very closely together 
with Senator Baucus and Senator Grassley to achieve what I think is a 
good result.
  In addition to the disaster part of the bill, there are important 
parts of the tax extender package that will affect all of our 
communities. Certainly in Texas, the sales tax extension that is a 
matter of equity for States that don't have income tax, to be able to 
have the same deduction for our sales taxes that income tax State 
taxpayers have for theirs is a very important component of the tax 
extender package. Then, again, since Senator Baucus has just walked on 
the floor, I wish to say that I think what has been worked out on the 
oil and refinery tax issue from the manufacturing standpoint, along 
with the additional two years of the expansion of refinery tax credit, 
we are going to be able to continue to build out the refineries that 
will affect the price of gasoline all over our country, because as we 
are seeing right now, due to Hurricane Ike, the shutting down of 
refineries affects the price of gasoline everywhere. If we can add to 
the capacity of our refineries all over the country--this is not only 
Texas and Louisiana; this is Michigan and everywhere where there are 
refineries--if we can add to that capacity, it adds to supply, and it 
will bring down the price of gasoline. The extension of 2 years is 
going to be very helpful for refineries to have an incentive to do even 
more than they have already been committed to do.
  Certainly, I think the addition of the manufacturing tax credit, even 
at the lower level, will also add to the capability as these Gulf of 
Mexico rigs and refineries are spending millions of dollars, not only 
on cleaning up the damage and trying to get back up and operating, but 
they are also helping their employees at a time such as this with the 
problems they are having with their homes being gone and their living 
conditions being unable to be sustained.
  I thank the Senator from Montana, the chairman of the Finance 
Committee, for working with us on that. I ask if the Senator is ready 
to go with a colloquy, or should we wait. I don't know what the status 
of the tax extender package is at this point, but perhaps he would be 
able to tell us.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from Montana is recognized.
  Mr. BAUCUS. Mr. President, I think someone is getting the colloquy 
together. We don't have it at the moment. However, I think we can 
basically have an impromptu colloquy right here to handle most of it, 
and if we want to do more later, we can do so.
  Essentially, the Senator from Texas very correctly and appropriately 
called me and said we need to do more for Texas, including Galveston, 
and some other coastal counties. I said to the Senator, if the disaster 
provisions in the tax bill, which were somewhat patterned--basically 
patterned--after the Katrina provisions, many of those would apply to 
Texas. With the consequences of Ike and Gustav, we went back and looked 
so we could do more.
  The slight problem we faced is it takes some time to pinpoint and to 
write precise tax provisions that affect the areas that are hit by 
disaster. We don't want to give relief to counties or portions of 
counties where there is no disaster. That would not be the correct 
thing to do. In fact, we ran into that problem back during the time of 
Katrina when the initial request, which was, on the surface, 
appropriate, but when we looked more closely, there were too many 
dollars spent inappropriately and not enough spent appropriately. It 
takes a little time to work that out.
  After about 2 months, we talked to mayors, local people, and disaster 
people to make sure we tailored it well. We ended up with a result that 
was quite good and appropriate. It wasn't as large as the initial 
estimate, but the initial estimate was way overblown. It was not well 
tailored. I mentioned this to the Senator from Texas, and she said she 
understood. On the other hand, she said, ``We need help here.'' I 
appreciated that and said: You bet.
  I tried to find some ways to provide additional disaster assistance 
in the bill that I hope we take up on Tuesday. Essentially, what we 
worked out is an increase in the allocation of low-income housing tax 
credits, as well as an increase in the allocation of private activity 
bonds. The total amount is geared for those counties on the coast. I 
think there are four or five coastal counties which were hit the most.
  But to make sure we are not too locked in, we also give the Governor 
the right to reallocate the benefit of these provisions to other areas 
in Texas but under the total amount. The thought is that we are 
helping, that way, tailor the assistance most appropriately and 
specifically.
  I say to my friend from Texas, it was good to work with her to find 
the combination, as I said to the junior Senator from Texas, and there 
would be an opportunity to come back later for more if that is 
appropriate.
  Mrs. HUTCHISON. Mr. President, the key provisions that the Senator 
outlined are exactly what we have agreed to in that we would get extra 
amounts that would be allocated for the five coastal counties in Texas 
and into Louisiana. Because the amount is higher, the Governor would 
have discretion, within the other disaster areas, to allocate that 
excess. That is indeed part of this because there are areas in Houston, 
Harris County, Galveston, Port Arthur, and Beaumont that will be in the 
main bill. There are counties such as Orange, Tyler, Polk, and others 
in the disaster-declared areas that could make the added excess, and so 
it would be allocated throughout the area according to the discretion 
of the Governor.
  Mr. BAUCUS. The Senator is correct. That is my understanding, and 
that is what we intend to provide.
  Mrs. HUTCHISON. The tax-exempt bonding authority, as well, and the 
low-income housing tax credits will bring that housing back on line, 
which is so important.
  Mr. BAUCUS. The Senator is correct. Allocations for both, that is 
correct.
  Mrs. HUTCHISON. Senator Cornyn had mentioned earlier that he might 
want to address the additional potential, since we all know this 
happened just a week ago, and we don't have final actual numbers. I ask 
him if he wants to speak on something that he had been very active in 
doing.
  Mr. CORNYN. I reiterate my thanks to the Senator from Montana, the 
chairman of the Finance Committee. He described what I had understood, 
and we are reading the fine print to make sure that is how it is 
written. I anticipate that we will be able to be satisfied with that. 
As Senator Hutchison knows because she and I traveled the affected 
area, the two areas most affected were Galveston and Orange County. The 
fact that specific counties were listed does not limit relief to areas 
that may have been, as a matter of fact, disproportionately impacted, 
such as Orange. So I am glad to hear that confirmed for the record 
because it is very important.
  As we have all said, it is still very early and there is a lot of 
work to be done in just assessing the damage. As a matter of fact, 
before the storm, there was a projection that the surge of water that 
would be pushed up by the storm could reach a level of 25 feet--a wall 
of water being pushed up the Houston ship channel. It was projected 
that 125,000 homes would be destroyed.
  According to the computer models, there was a projection that as much 
as $81 billion in damage would be done. At that time, we were 
principally concerned with making sure that lives were saved and, of 
course, in the immediate aftermath with the search and rescue 
operation. But that assessment, of course, fortunately, is going to be 
a lot lower than the computer models projected because the surge was 
not quite as bad as predicted. The storm hit in a way that didn't push 
that 25-foot wall of water up the Houston ship channel.
  As I said, we are grateful for all of the cooperation. I hope we will 
be able to come back when we have firmer numbers and a more detailed 
assessment, and we will experience a similar sort of cooperative spirit 
in trying to make sure the people of Texas are treated on the same 
basis that other victims of natural disasters in other parts of the 
country have been treated.

[[Page 19695]]


  Mrs. HUTCHISON. Mr. President, I want to just say to Senator Cornyn 
and to Senator Baucus, as we said earlier, there are actually 29 
counties that will be in this affected area. What I appreciate so much 
is that Senator Baucus realized that it would be very difficult for us 
to pass a disaster package and leave out Texas and Louisiana when the 
devastation is so bad. It is the beginning, and I am sure there will be 
more. But the fact that Senators Baucus and Grassley have understood 
the enormity of our situation, it gives us great comfort. I talked to 
the mayor of Houston, also, about this issue. We have been talking to 
the other mayors, and they so appreciate the Senator's accommodation. 
We are all going to be able to continue to work together, just as we 
have in so many of these disasters that keep on having issues, and we 
want to do it in the right way because that is the American way.
  I thank the Senator from Montana. I also thank the Senator from Iowa, 
Mr. Grassley. We will continue to work with them.
  Mr. BAUCUS. Mr. President, I might say to the Senator from Texas that 
I had a nice conversation with the mayor this afternoon, too. He was 
helpful in explaining what needed to be done. He appreciated the 
efforts both Senators from Texas have undertaken. I think he would like 
more, but he understands where we are.
  Mrs. HUTCHISON. I think he understands exactly where we are now. He 
told me he had a good conversation with the Senator from Montana. We 
are all working on this together and taking 1 day at a time. We 
appreciate it.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from Alabama is recognized.
  Mr. SESSIONS. Mr. President, I will offer something at some point. 
There is not a Democrat here. I am not trying to pull a fast one on 
anybody. I understand there is an objection to the bipartisan agreement 
called the Legal Immigration Extension Act of 2008 by one, perhaps, 
Senator. I want to share some thoughts about that and how we got where 
we are today.
  There are four pieces of legislation that are expiring or are about 
to expire. After a good bit of work in the Senate Judiciary Committee, 
we reached an accord that we would not offer any changes in immigration 
law before we try to recess this year. A lot of us have some real firm 
views about some things that need to be done, but everybody has 
basically agreed not to push that. But it is important that a number of 
things get passed. The most important thing that needs to be passed--
and it would be unthinkable were it not to pass--would be the extension 
of the E-verify program.
  It is a voluntary Web-based system operated by the Department of 
Homeland Security, in partnership with the Social Security 
Administration. It allows participating employers to electronically 
verify the employment eligibility of people they would hire, to see if 
they are presenting a legitimate Social Security number.
  More than 84,000 employers voluntarily participate in E-verify and we 
would get--get this--a thousand new enrollments by employers each week. 
It is growing in popularity. Because it was a limited program, it is 
set to expire in November of this year. So the agreed-upon legislation 
would be to extend the program for 5 years. I note that this program, 
under the Kennedy-McCain bill, and the subsequent comprehensive bill 
that was offered on the floor, which was voted down, would have made E-
verify mandatory on all employers. This does not do that. This just 
keeps it as it is.
  Presumably, we are going to have to have a real serious talk about 
what to do next year. Also in the package I just mentioned would be an 
extension of the ED-5 regional center program. This is a program that 
says if someone comes to America--and it has been in effect since 
1990--and they are willing to invest $1 million in hiring at least 10 
Americans, they would be able to get a visa. That program is set to 
expire, and we have agreed that it would continue for 5 years--not be 
permanent, but it would be extended for 5 years. It is an additional 
group of people on top of the 1 million or so we allow in the country 
every year. It is an additional group on top of that.
  Then there is Senator Conrad's 30 J-1 visa program. Senator Conrad, 
in 1994, passed a provision that would allow foreign medical graduates 
to waive the mandatory return to their foreign residence, and if they 
were going to practice in a State for 3 years before they return to 
their home country, they could stay here. Many States have found that 
to be an advantage.
  Again, that is on top of the others. I am a little bit concerned that 
every time we do one of these programs it is just on top. We are not 
choosing and prioritizing the people who would best flourish in 
America, but we are just adding on top. But I have agreed to go along 
with that and extend that program for 5 years.
  There is also the nonminister religious worker visa program. It was 
passed in 1990, and it allows up to 5,000 workers on top of the people 
who are already able to come here and be a part of America, and people 
believe that should be extended. I am prepared to agree to that as part 
of the package. So that would be what we would do there.
  Those were the pieces of legislation that Senator Leahy and, I think, 
the entire Judiciary Committee agreed that we should move forward on.
  Now, let me mention why the E-verify program is critical.
  I have to say to my colleagues that I cannot agree and this Congress 
and this Senate should not agree to an additional expansion of 
immigrants into this country as a price to continue the current law. If 
we are going to do that, then we need to have a full debate about 
immigration and a full debate about the numbers that should be 
admitted, and properly so, into our country, and what standards should 
be utilized. That is the situation we are facing.
  E-verify, as included in this bipartisan package, would not be 
changed in any way. It will remain the program it is today, but it 
expires on November 30 of this year. It was originally established in 
1996, and it must not be allowed to expire. If this Congress allows E-
verify to expire, then we will have made a statement to this Nation 
that the one system that is working today and could be expanded in the 
future to create a lawful system of immigration is being abandoned. It 
would rightly cause every American who has been hearing Members of the 
Senate and the House promising to do something about restoring the rule 
of law to immigration--they would know we were not serious at all. They 
would know this is one more flimflam that would be carried out.
  I feel very strongly about this issue. The total number of users in 
corporations today are 84,000, representing 438,985 hiring sites. It is 
being used quite a bit today in a voluntary fashion.
  So far in 2008, there have been over 5.8 million queries run through 
the system compared to a total of 3.2 million in fiscal year 2007. If 
you do not want the law enforced, that makes you nervous. Look, it has 
increased maybe 50 percent in 1 year. More and more people are using 
it. It is having some sort of impact in the country. If you want the 
lawlessness to continue, you don't want E-verify to be extended. The 
growth now continues at 1,000 new users and participants each week.
  More and more people are finding it to be a good system. It is 
voluntary. Companies are finding it works, and it is not burdensome. It 
helps deter the use of fraudulent documents. Businesses have a 
difficult time examining documents. They are not document examiners. 
They are concerned if they deny somebody without a good basis they may 
sue them. If they don't deny somebody, the Government might fuss at 
them. This is a way they can do a quick check to determine whether 
someone is in the country legally.
  Both in the 2006 and 2007 comprehensive immigration legislation, this 
proposal, as I said, would have been made mandatory. However, the 
legislation we are talking about today certainly is not that; it is 
only a temporary extension of the existing program. I want to make that 
clear.
  No system is perfect, but we have invested millions of dollars to 
improve

[[Page 19696]]

this system. Many of the kinks have been worked out. The system, I 
think, could and should be enhanced substantially, and I would like to 
see it made better, but by all means it should not be killed. We must 
not let it expire. The employers are relying on it. We must not pull 
the rug out from under them and undermine the rule of law.
  To give a brief background on the E-verify system, the Immigration 
Reform Act of 1986 made it unlawful for employers to knowingly hire or 
employ aliens who are not eligible to work in the United States. It 
required employers to examine the identity and work eligibility 
documents of all new employees.
  Employers are required to participate in a paper-based employment 
eligibility verification system, commonly referred to as the I-9 
system, in which they examine documents presented by the newly hired 
workers to verify identity and work eligibility and to complete and 
retain I-9 forms.
  Under the current law, if the documents provided by an employee 
reasonably appear on their face to be genuine, the employer has met his 
document review obligation. However, the easy availability of 
counterfeit documents and fake identification has made this a mockery 
of law. It is not working.
  In 1996, Congress authorized a basic pilot program to help employers 
verify the eligibility of their workers. Participants would verify a 
new hire's employment authorization through the Social Security 
Administration and, if necessary, through the Department of Homeland 
Security databases.
  The basic pilot of E-verify was authorized in five States until an 
expansion of the program was agreed to by Congress in 2003. Now all 
States and all employers can take advantage of this voluntary and free 
program.
  Let me give some facts on the statistics. There has been a lot of 
concern that the program does not work fairly. I dispute that most 
strongly. Mr. President, 94.5 percent of individuals whose numbers are 
checked are authorized to go to work. There is not a problem. It is 
done routinely within 3 seconds. One-half of 1 percent are final 
nonconfirmations. That is, they are identified as not being eligible to 
work right off the bat. So an employer should not hire them and could 
commit an offense if they do. Five percent come out of the computer 
check as tentative nonconfirmations. If a person has that happen to 
them, they have an opportunity to step forward and show that the 
computer is wrong and find out what the problem is and fix it. However, 
the facts are that the vast majority of people who are shown to be 
tentative nonconfirmations do not contest the matter. What that 
indicates is they know they are not legal, they know they are not 
entitled to go to work, and they don't contest it, which proves, I 
think, that the system is working.
  President Bush's Executive order requires contractors of the Federal 
Government to use the system. It is only right that the Government do 
business with companies that are not violating our immigration laws. We 
don't need to let somebody bid on a contract and submit a low bid 
because they are able to use low-cost illegal labor and defeat the bid 
of a legitimate American contractor who is using legitimate labor, 
paying insurance, paying retirement benefits, paying decent wages.
  I have had a personal example in the last few weeks in which a 
businessman told me his company has been losing bids to an out-of-State 
corporation. This corporation just appeared. He is convinced, and there 
is evidence apparently, that the corporation is using large numbers of 
illegal workers, and he cannot win any bids. He said: My people have 
been working for me for 10 and 15 years. I pay them good wages and good 
benefits. I want to keep them. I cannot compete. What are you going to 
do about it? This is one way.
  States are on board with the E-verify, and they are beginning to take 
a look at it. In fact, many of them are encouraging their businesses to 
use it. Arizona, Arkansas, Colorado, Idaho, Minnesota, Mississippi, 
Missouri, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, 
Tennessee, Utah, and some others, have passed legislation requiring 
either explicitly or implicitly that certain employers within those 
States participate with E-verify.
  On Wednesday of this week, the Ninth Circuit, the most liberal 
circuit in the country and the most favorable circuit to----
  The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. Nelson of Florida). The Senator has used 
10 minutes.
  Mr. SESSIONS. Mr. President, I ask for 1 additional minute.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without objection, it is so ordered.
  Mr. SESSIONS. The Ninth Circuit upheld an employer law in Arizona 
that revokes a business license of employers caught knowingly hiring 
illegal immigrants. Businesses in that State do rely on the E-verify 
program. Killing this program would undermine their law. This is the 
right thing for us to do.
  It is not possible for us at this late date, in light of the 
agreement we have reached, to have Members of the Senate ask for an 
expansion, a dramatic expansion of a half a million people to come into 
our country as a price that must be paid to extend E-verify. That is my 
concern.
  Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that the Senate proceed to the 
immediate consideration of Calendar No. 875, S. 3257; that the bill be 
read a third time and passed, the motion to reconsider be laid upon the 
table; and that any statements relating to the bill be printed in the 
Record.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there objection?
  Mr. MENENDEZ. Mr. President, reserving the right to object, I 
appreciate what my colleague, Senator Sessions, is trying to 
accomplish. But I think there is another view. That view in large part 
is expressed by the House of Representatives that sent over in a vote 
of 407 to 2 a much different and obviously very bipartisan approach 
toward E-verify. It is one that does what Senator Sessions wants to do, 
which is extend the program for 5 years. But it also had some other 
critical protections.
  No. 1, the protection of the Social Security Administration programs, 
and in that vote of 407 to 2, realizing there are only 435 Members of 
the House of Representatives--that is how overwhelming it was--it, in 
fact, also made sure that funds would be provided for the Commissioner 
of Social Security by the Secretary of Homeland Security to administer 
this program. When it is costless--it is not costless to the taxpayers, 
and in reality it is not costless to the Social Security funds.
  The bottom line is these provisions that were passed by the House to 
extend the life of E-verify 4 or 5 years also have a protection of the 
Social Security programs. It is one that I believe makes a lot of 
sense.
  It also had to ensure, if you are an American and you get--I know 
Senator Sessions downplayed the percentage of people who get kicked 
out--but in fact if you are totally eligible to work but somehow 
through computer error are denied that ability in the first instance, 
now the burden shifts. The burden goes to an American citizen to prove, 
in fact, that they have a right to work in the first place.
  We might say it is only 5 percent, but 5 percent of millions of 
people in this country is a lot of people. So the House of 
Representatives passed in their proposals, in addition to extending E-
verify for 5 years and making sure that Social Security funds were held 
whole, they also passed provisions having a GAO study of this program 
and ensuring that, in fact, it was improved in a way so that we could 
understand the magnitude of those individuals who are totally U.S. 
citizens or legal permanent residents with the full right to work but 
who are being denied because of computer error.
  Those provisions which passed 407 to 2 are ones that I would like to 
see in an E-verify extension.
  Mr. SESSIONS. Mr. President, reclaiming the floor under the regular 
order.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there objection?
  Mr. MENENDEZ. I object.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. Objection is heard.
  Mr. SESSIONS. I will be glad to share with the Senator my thoughts

[[Page 19697]]

about it. The House did pass it 407 to 2, I believe. We are not 
expressing any pride of authorship. Will the Senator accept the bill as 
passed by the House? I think we can perhaps do that and we can reach an 
agreement. Just accept the bill passed by the House.
  Mr. MENENDEZ. I urge the Senator to consider, and I will make a 
unanimous consent request when the Senator is finished, that S. 3414, 
which includes all of the House provisions, as well as H.R. 5569 which 
would be the EV5 extension, as well as all of the other items the 
Senator spoke about--the Conrad State 30, the religious workers would 
be included.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator's time has expired. Does he wish 
additional time?
  Mr. SESSIONS. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent for an 
additional 5 minutes.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there objection?
  Mr. MENENDEZ. Reserving the right to object, and I will not object, 
but I do, in that reservation, want to be recognized next after the 
Senator finishes his 5 minutes.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there objection?
  Mr. MENENDEZ. I would ask the Senator to modify his request so that I 
be recognized immediately after his 5 minutes.
  Mr. SESSIONS. I would be pleased to modify and ask unanimous consent 
that the Senator from New Jersey be recognized after my 5 minutes.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without objection, it is so ordered.
  Mr. SESSIONS. Mr. President, I thank Senator Menendez for his 
courtesy, and I think we have an opportunity to reach an agreement. On 
the House version there are some things he says he likes better than 
the bill we agreed on in our committee, which I think passed our 
committee unanimously here in the Senate, but I would be prepared to go 
forward with that.
  I urge my colleague from New Jersey to recognize the proposal he is 
making would add about 550,000 more people. It would allow that many 
more to enter the country on a legal basis. We have a million now who 
enter our country each year, and this would be a huge increase--I think 
a one-time increase--but it is a huge increase and it is not 
acceptable. We had sort of reached a stalemate last year when the 
American people rejected the comprehensive bill. They rang our phones 
off the hooks. The switchboard of the Senate shut down. There was a 
general recognition that we needed to do an enforcement system before 
we started granting amnesty and expanding immigration. That was, I 
think, a pretty national sentiment. Even Senator McCain, who proposed 
the legislation, stated that the American people, he understands now, 
expect us to create a lawful system before we start expanding the 
system we have and giving amnesty to those who violated the law.
  This is a big change from what the Senator has been proposing. I 
submit that the choice is simple. We will either go forward with the 
agreement that we reached in committee, without the changes Senator 
Menendez offers, or we will have to have a real debate. And that would 
be all right with me, but I don't think it is what our leadership 
desires at this point in time.
  So I say that I would be delighted to continue to discuss this with 
Senator Menendez, but I feel pretty firmly, I feel very firmly that 
although I could accept, I am confident, the House version that he has 
made some comments about, I cannot accept a major alteration of 
existing immigration policy because that is not the right way for us to 
go at this point.
  It is something I guess we are going to have to talk about next year. 
I see no alternative to ignoring it any longer than next year. It is 
time for this Senate to get busy and to create a system that ends the 
mockery that exists for our legal system today and creates a lawful 
system that will serve our national interest.
  Mr. President, I yield the floor.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from New Jersey.
  Mr. MENENDEZ. Mr. President, I appreciate the comments of my 
distinguished colleague from Alabama, but I have to correct some 
things.
  First, we do, under the unanimous consent that I will ask for 
briefly, under S. 3414, extend E-Verify. We extend it for 5 years. We 
do it, as the House did, protecting Social Security and protecting U.S. 
citizens who get rejected by the system and yet have every right to 
work. So that is one thing.
  The second thing is, I heard my colleague talk about extending 
current law. We heard a lot of business-related elements--investors who 
have a lot of money and who are going to get visas, businesses are 
going to have these checks and all these things are going to happen. 
Well, current law allows a U.S. citizen to claim their immediate 
family. And as far as family values, it seems to me that the core of 
what our immigration policy has been and the core of what Members of 
this body have talked about time and time again in the context of 
family values is that family reunification is the core of those family 
values. You can't have family values if you don't have a family in the 
first place. And the family in the first place is the core essence of 
that family. That is, in essence, what the current law provides.
  So what is simply done, as we look to solve businesses' challenges 
and problems, and bring in investors who have a lot of money, who now 
get a visa because they have a lot of money, is to say to a current 
U.S. citizen that we are going to recapture and use, for the purposes 
of absolutely legal immigration, under the current law, visas that 
exist but don't get used because of the way our system is working. This 
would allow a U.S. citizen to claim their relative using those visas, 
or a portion of them.
  By the way, I would urge my distinguished colleague to look at the 
numbers. We are not talking anywhere near the number he throws around 
of half a million. It is more like 300,000. And we have even talked 
about working on that number and narrowing the universe. So this is 
about using the existing legal system to have U.S. citizens be able to 
claim their relatives under the existing system and make sure the visas 
that exist under the existing system are used in a way that meets the 
goal of legal immigration.
  Now, I don't know why we are so hell bound on giving businesses 
everything they need and then saying to U.S. citizens they do not have 
the opportunity to be able to meet some of their challenges. In my 
mind, that is promoting a lawful system. I know it is very easy to slap 
up the word ``amnesty'' every time somebody wants to talk about 
immigration. You can become famous by claiming everything is amnesty, 
but it doesn't necessarily make it true.
  The bottom line is what we are talking about is making sure that U.S. 
citizens who are presently torn apart from their families, and who 
under existing law have the right to claim that immediate family, have 
the wherewithal to be reunified using visas that don't get used but 
which should be used for this family reunification under existing law. 
So it seems to me we can do E-Verify, and do it the way the House did 
it, so Social Security is not hurt in terms of funds; and we can make 
sure that we improve upon a system that right now rejects a percentage 
of American citizens who have legal eligibility to work and yet now 
have the burden of proof shifted upon them.
  It changes the whole legal precedent where in our country you are 
considered innocent until proven guilty. Under E-Verify you are guilty 
until proven innocent. I would be outraged as a citizen if I had to be 
challenged about my ability to work when I have every right to work but 
some system is barring me from that right to work. And that situation 
exists under E-Verify. Now, it doesn't mean we should do away with E-
verify, but we need to make it better, and the House provisions do 
that.
  We also say: OK, you want to give those people who have a lot of 
money to come here and make investments a visa? OK, we will do that. 
You want the religious workers, of course, who are not necessarily 
clergy members, but religious workers? OK, we will do that. You want to 
bring in doctors? OK, we

[[Page 19698]]

will do that. But at the same time let's have a smaller universe of 
those whose families have been waiting and who followed the law.
  This is the interesting part. We can't even seem to incentivize 
people who follow the law. These are people who didn't come crossing a 
border, whether it is the southern or northern border. These are people 
waiting. They have waited and they are still waiting. Yet their U.S. 
citizen husband or wife or mother and father can't get reunified in 
what is a core family. We seem to have lost sense of that core value.
  So in that respect, I think we are being very reasonable here. And 
this is not about a broad comprehensive immigration reform. This is not 
about amnesty. It is not about all those things people like to throw up 
on the wall and suggest ultimately that is the case and paint it as one 
big swath. I don't know when U.S. citizens became second-class citizens 
in terms of being able to be reunified with their families.

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