[Congressional Record (Bound Edition), Volume 153 (2007), Part 8]
[Senate]
[Pages 10758-10763]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office, www.gpo.gov]




          STATEMENTS ON INTRODUCED BILLS AND JOINT RESOLUTIONS

      By Mr. McCAIN (for himself, Mr. Kyl, Mr. Thomas, and Mr. 
        Domenici):
  S. 1255. A bill to protect Indian arts and crafts through the 
improvement of applicable criminal proceedings, and for other purposes; 
to the Committee on Indian Affairs.
  Mr. McCAIN. Mr. President, I am pleased to be joined by my colleagues 
Senator Thomas, Senator Kyl, and Senator Domenici in introducing a bill 
to amend the Indian Arts and Crafts Act. This legislation would improve 
Federal laws that protect the integrity and originality of Native 
American arts and crafts.
  The Indian Arts and Crafts Act prohibits the misrepresentation in 
marketing of Indian arts and crafts products, and makes it illegal to 
display or sell works in a manner that falsely suggests it is the 
product of an individual Indian or Indian Tribe.
  Unfortunately, the law is written so that only the Federal Bureau of 
Investigation, FBI, acting on behalf of the Attorney General, can 
investigate and make arrests in cases of suspected Indian art 
counterfeiters. The bill we are introducing would amend the law to 
expand existing Federal investigative authority by authorizing other 
Federal investigative bodies, such as the BIA Office of Law 
Enforcement, in addition to the FBI, to investigate cases of 
misrepresentation of Indian arts and crafts. This bill is similar to 
provisions included in the Native American Omnibus Act, S. 536, and S. 
1375, which passed the Senate at the end of the last Congress but were 
not acted on by the House.
  A major source of tribal and individual Indian income is derived from 
the sale of handmade Indian arts and crafts. Yet millions of dollars 
are diverted each year from these original artists and Indian tribes by 
those who reproduce and sell counterfeit Indian goods. Few, if any, 
criminal prosecutions have been brought in Federal court for such 
violations. It is understandable that enforcing the criminal law under 
the Indian Arts and Crafts Act is often stalled by the other 
responsibilities of the FBI including investigating terrorism activity 
and violent crimes in Indian country. Therefore, expanding the 
investigative authority to include other Federal agencies is intended 
to promote the active investigation of alleged misconduct. It is my 
hope that this much needed change will deter those who choose to 
violate the law.
  I urge my colleagues to support this bill.
                                 ______
                                 
      By Mr. KERRY (for himself, Ms. Snowe, and Mr. Levin):
  S. 1256. A bill to amend the Small Business Act to reauthorize loan 
programs under that Act, and for other purposes; to the Committee on 
Small Business and Entrepreneurship.
  Ms. SNOWE. Mr. President, as ranking member of the Senate Committee 
on Small Business and Entrepreneurship, I rise today to join with 
Senator Kerry in introducing, the Small Business Lending 
Reauthorization and Improvement Act of 2007. This bill is especially 
timely considering the Nation recently celebrated National Small 
Business Week, and this body just passed the America COMPETES Act, a 
bill that invests in innovation and education to improve the 
competitiveness of the United States in the global economy.
  The impact small businesses have on our country's economy and the 
technological innovations they create simply cannot be overstated. 
Small hi-tech firms represent the most innovative sector in America. 
According to the Small Business Administration's Office of Advocacy, 
these businesses hold over 40 percent of the Nation's patents, obtain 
13 to 14 times more patents per employee than large businesses, and 
secure patents which are twice as technologically significant as larger 
firms. With American jobs and our security at stake, it is essential 
that we support innovation programs to meet national challenges in 
defense, healthcare, energy, and information technology.
  A critical partner for small businesses is the Small Business 
Administration, SBA, whose fundamental purpose is to ``aid, counsel, 
assist, and protect the interests of small-business concerns.'' The 
SBA's methods for carrying out this mandate vary widely, but the 
agency's primary tool is found in its small business lending programs. 
The SBA's 7(a), 504, and Microloan programs are tailored to encourage 
small business growth and expansion. With small businesses representing 
99 percent of all employers, creating nearly 75 percent of all net new 
jobs, and employing 51 percent of the private-sector workforce, it is 
essential that Congress affirms long-term stability in the lending 
programs the SBA provides to the small business community.
  As it has in the past, the SBA continues to meet the demands of small 
businesses, both in my home state of Maine and across the county. In 
fiscal Year 2006, the SBA backed a net 100,197 loans totaling over 
$19.1 billion under the 7(a) and 504 programs. In fact, both the number 
of loans and the dollar amount represent record amounts for the 
agency--dramatically highlighting the significance of the SBA and the 
critical role it plays in our nation's economy.
  The foundation for the bill Senator Kerry and I are introducing today 
started during the 109th Congress under an extensive reauthorization 
process which I led. This process ultimately culminated in the 
unanimous Small Business Committee passage of a comprehensive SBA 
reauthorization bill. I firmly believe that the Small Business Lending 
Reauthorization and Improvement Act of 2007 will help the SBA continue 
its legacy of achievement.
  The SBA's loan and investment programs have produced success story

[[Page 10759]]

after success story, which include assisting the founders of Intel, 
Staples, and Federal Express, as well as thousands of other successful 
businesses. Our bipartisan measure will build upon these past successes 
and make the SBA even more effective. As former Chair and now ranking 
member of the Small Business Committee, I believe we must do everything 
possible to sustain prosperity and job creation throughout the United 
States. To achieve that goal, I have long fought to solidify and expand 
the reach of the SBA's programs that have helped millions of aspiring 
entrepreneurs and existing small businesses.
  Small businesses yearn to grow, flourish, and thrive, and the SBA has 
the experience and the resources to be their bridge to success. It is 
essential that we upgrade the SBA's core lending programs for the 21st 
century entrepreneur. The American economy needs a strong and vibrant 
Small Business Administration. The Small Business Lending 
Reauthorization and Improvement Act of 2007 will build on the previous 
success of the Agency, and help to ensure the success of tomorrow's 
entrepreneurs.
                                 ______
                                 
      By Mr. LIEBERMAN (for himself, Mr. Hatch, and Mr. Bennett):
  S. 1257. A bill to provide the District of Columbia a voting seat and 
the State of Utah an additional seat in the House of Representatives; 
to the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs.
  Mr. LIEBERMAN. Mr. President, I rise today with my colleague from 
Utah, Senator Hatch, to introduce bipartisan legislation that I believe 
is the breakthrough we have been searching for to bring House voting 
representation to the residents of the District of Columbia, who have 
historically been denied this fundamental birthright.
  I am proud to join with, DC Delegate Eleanor Holmes Norton and 
Representative Tom Davis, and the many others from both parties and 
both houses who have worked without rest to remedy the 
disenfranchisement of District residents since the capital was 
established in Washington in 1800. I especially want to thank my friend 
Senator Hatch for his influential support of this voting rights 
proposal, which would bring to an end a gross inconsistency with the 
founding principles of our Nation.
  Mr. President, we have a historic opportunity today to finally bestow 
upon the citizens of the District of Columbia the civic entitlement 
every other tax-paying American citizen enjoys no matter where he or 
she resides, democracy's most essential right, voting representation in 
Congress.
  The bill is simple. It would increase the number of voting 
representatives in the House from 435 to 437 by providing the District 
with a voting representative and by adding another congressional seat 
for Utah, the next State in line to increase its representation based 
on the 2000 Census.
  Working cooperatively in the spirit of service to the people of 
Washington, DC, and Utah, Congresswoman Norton and Congressman Davis 
shepherded a similar proposal through the House Government Reform 
Committee on March 13 by a vote of 24-5. The full House approved the 
measure April 20 by a vote of 241-177, a historic day unlike any other 
since 1978 when Congress approved a constitutional amendment to give 
District residents voting rights in the House and Senate. Of course, 
that amendment came to naught when too few States ratified it.
  The people of this city have waited far too long for this right. They 
have been the direct target of terrorist attacks, and yet they have no 
representative to vote in Congress on policies to protect their 
homeland security. Citizens of Washington, DC, pay income taxes just 
like everyone else. In fact, they pay more: Per capita, District 
residents have the second highest Federal tax obligation. And yet they 
have no voice in how high those taxes will be or how they will be 
spent. The District is also the only jurisdiction in the country that 
must seek congressional approval, through the appropriations process, 
before spending locally-generated tax dollars. When Congress fails to 
pass appropriations bills before the beginning of the fiscal year, the 
District's budget is essentially frozen. And yet DC has no say in that 
appropriations process.
  DC residents fight and die for our democracy but they cannot 
participate fully in it. I ask you, how can we effectively promote 
democracy abroad while denying it to hundreds of thousands of citizens 
in our Nation's Capital?
  There is no good reason why DC residents have been denied 
congressional representation. In 1800, when the nation's capital was 
established as the District of Columbia, an oversight left the area's 
residents without congressional representation. Maryland and Virginia 
ceded land for the capitol in 1788 and 1789, respectively, but it took 
another 10 years for Congress to establish the District of Columbia. In 
the interim, residents continued to vote either in Maryland or 
Virginia, but Congress withdrew those voting rights once the District 
was founded. Unfortunately, apparently by omission, Congress neglected 
to establish new voting rights for the citizens of the new district.
  The right to be counted, to have your voice heard by your government 
is central to a functioning democracy and fundamental to a free 
society. If we are willing to sacrifice our young men and women in the 
name of freedom, we must be willing to protect their freedoms as well. 
This legislation would do just that.
  In 2002, 10 cosponsors and I introduced the No Taxation without 
Representation Act. I held a hearing on the bill in the Governmental 
Affairs Committee, which I then chaired. It was the first hearing in 
Congress on DC voting rights since 1994. We reported the bill out of 
committee, but the Senate never took action on it.
  Today, the tide has changed. Members from both parties have come 
together to find a solution to break the stalemates of the past that 
have denied DC residents equal representation in Congress. The State of 
Utah has united in favor of a fourth congressional seat, and Senator 
Hatch has lent his considerable support to this effort. Mr. President, 
this legislation represents an uncommon victory for fairness and a rare 
but hopefully increasingly more common example of what we can do if we 
work together to accomplish our mutual goals.
  The essence of our work in the legislative branch is compromise, and 
the compromise reached by Senator Hatch and I will bring partial voting 
representation to the District while ensuring Utah receives the 
additional representation it is due.
  I know there are those who believe this bill is unconstitutional. But 
the District clause of the Constitution, which gives Congress the power 
to legislate ``in all cases whatsoever'' pertaining to the District, 
provides ample authority for the legislative branch to give DC 
residents voting rights.
  Mr. President, this is our moment to do right here at home, just as 
we have done throughout our history for our democratic allies abroad. 
By giving the citizens of the District of Columbia a vote in the House, 
we will ensure not only that their voices will finally be heard. We 
will be following the imperative of our history and moral values. The 
Framers of our Constitution in effect placed with Congress the solemn 
responsibility of assuring that the rights of DC citizens would be 
protected in the future, just as it is our responsibility to protect 
the rights of all citizens throughout this great country. Congress has 
failed to meet this obligation for more than 200 years, and I am not 
prepared to make DC citizens wait another 200 years.
  Mr. President, the tax-paying citizens of the District of Columbia 
have been without congressional voting representation for too long. The 
House has acted. Now it is time for the Senate to act. I urge my 
colleagues to join Senator Hatch and me in support of this essential 
legislation.
  Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that the text of the bill be 
printed in the Record.
  There being no objection, the text of the bill was ordered to be 
printed in the Record, as follows:

[[Page 10760]]



                                S. 1257

       Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of 
     the United States of America in Congress assembled,

     SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

       This Act may be cited as the ``District of Columbia House 
     Voting Rights Act of 2007''.

     SEC. 2. TREATMENT OF DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA AS CONGRESSIONAL 
                   DISTRICT.

       (a) In General.--Notwithstanding any other provision of 
     law, the District of Columbia shall be considered a 
     Congressional district for purposes of representation in the 
     House of Representatives.
       (b) Conforming Amendments Relating to Apportionment of 
     Members of House of Representatives.--
       (1) Inclusion of single district of columbia member in 
     reapportionment of members among states.--Section 22 of the 
     Act entitled ``An Act to provide for the fifteenth and 
     subsequent decennial censuses and to provide for 
     apportionment of Representatives in Congress'', approved June 
     28, 1929 (2 U.S.C. 2a), is amended by adding at the end the 
     following new subsection:
       ``(d) This section shall apply with respect to the District 
     of Columbia in the same manner as this section applies to a 
     State, except that the District of Columbia may not receive 
     more than one Member under any reapportionment of Members.''.
       (2) Clarification of determination of number of 
     presidential electors on basis of 23rd amendment.--Section 3 
     of title 3, United States Code, is amended by striking ``come 
     into office;'' and inserting the following: ``come into 
     office (subject to the twenty-third article of amendment to 
     the Constitution of the United States in the case of the 
     District of Columbia);''.

     SEC. 3. INCREASE IN MEMBERSHIP OF HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES.

       (a) Permanent Increase in Number of Members.--Effective 
     with respect to the 111th Congress and each succeeding 
     Congress, the House of Representatives shall be composed of 
     437 Members, including the Member representing the District 
     of Columbia pursuant to section 2(a).
       (b) Reapportionment of Members Resulting From Increase.--
       (1) In general.--Section 22(a) of the Act entitled ``An Act 
     to provide for the fifteenth and subsequent decennial 
     censuses and to provide for apportionment of Representatives 
     in Congress'', approved June 28, 1929 (2 U.S.C. 2a(a)), is 
     amended by striking ``the then existing number of 
     Representatives'' and inserting ``the number of 
     Representatives established with respect to the 111th 
     Congress''.
       (2) Effective date.--The amendment made by paragraph (1) 
     shall apply with respect to the regular decennial census 
     conducted for 2010 and each subsequent regular decennial 
     census.
       (c) Transmittal of Revised Apportionment Information by 
     President.--
       (1) Statement of apportionment by president.--Not later 
     than 30 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the 
     President shall transmit to Congress a revised version of the 
     most recent statement of apportionment submitted under 
     section 22(a) of the Act entitled ``An Act to provide for the 
     fifteenth and subsequent decennial censuses and to provide 
     for apportionment of Representatives in Congress'', approved 
     June 28, 1929 (2 U.S.C. 2a(a)), to take into account this Act 
     and the amendments made by this Act and identifying the State 
     of Utah as the State entitled to one additional 
     Representative pursuant to this section.
       (2) Report by clerk.--Not later than 15 calendar days after 
     receiving the revised version of the statement of 
     apportionment under paragraph (1), the Clerk of the House of 
     Representatives shall submit a report to the Speaker of the 
     House of Representatives identifying the State of Utah as the 
     State entitled to one additional Representative pursuant to 
     this section.

     SEC. 4. EFFECTIVE DATE; TIMING OF ELECTIONS.

       The general election for the additional Representative to 
     which the State of Utah is entitled for the 111th Congress 
     and 112th Congress and the general election for the 
     Representative from the District of Columbia for the 111th 
     Congress and the 112th Congress shall be subject to the 
     following requirements:
       (1) The additional Representative from the State of Utah 
     will be elected pursuant to a redistricting plan enacted by 
     the State, such as the plan the State of Utah signed into law 
     on December 5, 2006, which--
       (A) revises the boundaries of Congressional districts in 
     the State to take into account the additional Representative 
     to which the State is entitled under section 3; and
       (B) remains in effect until the taking effect of the first 
     reapportionment occurring after the regular decennial census 
     conducted for 2010.
       (2) The additional Representative from the State of Utah 
     and the Representative from the District of Columbia shall be 
     sworn in and seated as Members of the House of 
     Representatives on the same date as other Members of the 
     111th Congress.

     SEC. 5. CONFORMING AMENDMENTS.

       (a) Repeal of Office of District of Columbia Delegate.--
       (1) Repeal of office.--
       (A) In general.--Sections 202 and 204 of the District of 
     Columbia Delegate Act (Public Law 91-405; sections 1-401 and 
     1-402, D.C. Official Code) are repealed, and the provisions 
     of law amended or repealed by such sections are restored or 
     revived as if such sections had not been enacted.
       (B) Effective date.--The amendments made by this subsection 
     shall take effect on the date on which a Representative from 
     the District of Columbia takes office for the 111th Congress.
       (2) Conforming amendments to district of columbia elections 
     code of 1955.--The District of Columbia Elections Code of 
     1955 is amended as follows:
       (A) In section 1 (sec. 1-1001.01, D.C. Official Code), by 
     striking ``the Delegate to the House of Representatives,'' 
     and inserting ``the Representative in Congress,''.
       (B) In section 2 (sec. 1-1001.02, D.C. Official Code)--
       (i) by striking paragraph (6); and
       (ii) in paragraph (13), by striking ``the Delegate to 
     Congress for the District of Columbia,'' and inserting ``the 
     Representative in Congress,''.
       (C) In section 8 (sec. 1-1001.08, D.C. Official Code)--
       (i) in the heading, by striking ``Delegate'' and inserting 
     ``Representative''; and
       (ii) by striking ``Delegate,'' each place it appears in 
     subsections (h)(1)(A), (i)(1), and (j)(1) and inserting 
     ``Representative in Congress,''.
       (D) In section 10 (sec. 1-1001.10, D.C. Official Code)--
       (i) in subsection (a)(3)(A)--

       (I) by striking ``or section 206(a) of the District of 
     Columbia Delegate Act''; and
       (II) by striking ``the office of Delegate to the House of 
     Representatives'' and inserting ``the office of 
     Representative in Congress'';

       (ii) in subsection (d)(1), by striking ``Delegate,'' each 
     place it appears; and
       (iii) in subsection (d)(2)--

       (I) by striking ``(A) In the event'' and all that follows 
     through ``term of office,'' and inserting ``In the event that 
     a vacancy occurs in the office of Representative in Congress 
     before May 1 of the last year of the Representative's term of 
     office,''; and
       (II) by striking subparagraph (B).

       (E) In section 11(a)(2) (sec. 1-1001.11(a)(2), D.C. 
     Official Code), by striking ``Delegate to the House of 
     Representatives,'' and inserting ``Representative in 
     Congress,''.
       (F) In section 15(b) (sec. 1-1001.15(b), D.C. Official 
     Code), by striking ``Delegate,'' and inserting 
     ``Representative in Congress,''.
       (G) In section 17(a) (sec. 1-1001.17(a), D.C. Official 
     Code), by striking ``the Delegate to Congress from the 
     District of Columbia'' and inserting ``the Representative in 
     Congress''.
       (b) Repeal of Office of Statehood Representative.--
       (1) In general.--Section 4 of the District of Columbia 
     Statehood Constitutional Convention Initiative of 1979 (sec. 
     1-123, D.C. Official Code) is amended as follows:
       (A) By striking ``offices of Senator and Representative'' 
     each place it appears in subsection (d) and inserting 
     ``office of Senator''.
       (B) In subsection (d)(2)--
       (i) by striking ``a Representative or'';
       (ii) by striking ``the Representative or''; and
       (iii) by striking ``Representative shall be elected for a 
     2-year term and each''.
       (C) In subsection (d)(3)(A), by striking ``and 1 United 
     States Representative''.
       (D) By striking ``Representative or'' each place it appears 
     in subsections (e), (f), (g), and (h).
       (E) By striking ``Representative's or'' each place it 
     appears in subsections (g) and (h).
       (2) Conforming amendments.--
       (A) Statehood commission.--Section 6 of such Initiative 
     (sec. 1-125, D.C. Official Code) is amended--
       (i) in subsection (a)--

       (I) by striking ``27 voting members'' and inserting ``26 
     voting members'';
       (II) by adding ``and'' at the end of paragraph (5); and
       (III) by striking paragraph (6) and redesignating paragraph 
     (7) as paragraph (6); and

       (ii) in subsection (a-1)(1), by striking subparagraph (H).
       (B) Authorization of appropriations.--Section 8 of such 
     Initiative (sec. 1-127, D.C. Official Code) is amended by 
     striking ``and House''.
       (C) Application of honoraria limitations.--Section 4 of 
     D.C. Law 8-135 (sec. 1-131, D.C. Official Code) is amended by 
     striking ``or Representative'' each place it appears.
       (D) Application of campaign finance laws.--Section 3 of the 
     Statehood Convention Procedural Amendments Act of 1982 (sec. 
     1-135, D.C. Official Code) is amended by striking ``and 
     United States Representative''.
       (E) District of columbia elections code of 1955.--The 
     District of Columbia Elections Code of 1955 is amended--
       (i) in section 2(13) (sec. 1-1001.02(13), D.C. Official 
     Code), by striking ``United States Senator and 
     Representative,'' and inserting ``United States Senator,''; 
     and
       (ii) in section 10(d) (sec. 1-1001.10(d)(3), D.C. Official 
     Code), by striking ``United States Representative or''.
       (3) Effective date.--The amendments made by this subsection 
     shall take effect on the date on which a Representative from 
     the

[[Page 10761]]

     District of Columbia takes office for the 111th Congress.
       (c) Conforming Amendments Regarding Appointments to Service 
     Academies.--
       (1) United states military academy.--Section 4342 of title 
     10, United States Code, is amended--
       (A) in subsection (a), by striking paragraph (5); and
       (B) in subsection (f), by striking ``the District of 
     Columbia,''.
       (2) United states naval academy.--Such title is amended--
       (A) in section 6954(a), by striking paragraph (5); and
       (B) in section 6958(b), by striking ``the District of 
     Columbia,''.
       (3) United states air force academy.--Section 9342 of title 
     10, United States Code, is amended--
       (A) in subsection (a), by striking paragraph (5); and
       (B) in subsection (f), by striking ``the District of 
     Columbia,''.
       (4) Effective date.--This subsection and the amendments 
     made by this subsection shall take effect on the date on 
     which a Representative from the District of Columbia takes 
     office for the 111th Congress.

     SEC. 6. NONSEVERABILITY OF PROVISIONS.

       If any provision of this Act or any amendment made by this 
     Act is declared or held invalid or unenforceable, the 
     remaining provisions of this Act or any amendment made by 
     this Act shall be treated and deemed invalid and shall have 
     no force or effect of law.

  Mr. HATCH. Mr. President, I rise today to join with Senate Committee 
on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs Chairman Joseph Lieberman 
and Senator Robert Bennett in introducing the District of Columbia 
Voting House Rights Act of 2007. Our colleagues in the House of 
Representatives recently passed similar legislation, H.R. 1905, that 
would provide a fourth congressional seat for my home state of Utah and 
the first voting member for the District of Columbia. No doubt, this is 
a historic time for the citizens of the District of Columbia and a 
unique opportunity for Utah to receive a long overdue fourth 
congressional seat.
  The Founding Fathers made clear in article 1, section 8 of the 
Constitution that the District of Columbia would be the seat of the 
national government and granted Congress the power ``[t]o exercise 
exclusive Legislation, in all Cases whatsoever, over such District (not 
exceeding ten Miles square) as may, by Cession of particular States, 
and the Acceptance of Congress become the Seat of the Government of the 
United States . . .'' This clause became effective in 1790 when 
Congress accepted land that Maryland and Virginia ceded to the United 
States to create the national capital. Ten years later, in December 
1800, jurisdiction over the District of Columbia was vested in the 
Federal Government. Since then, District residents have not had the 
right to vote for Members of Congress. Additionally, article 1, section 
2 and section 3 of the Constitution provides that citizens of States 
shall have voting representation in the House and Senate.
  During my time in the Senate, I have heard from many District 
residents who believe strongly that their voice should be heard in 
Congress. They pay taxes, vote in presidential elections, and serve in 
the military. Yet these nearly 600,000 Americans do not have a voting 
representative in Congress. Many, including myself, have been reluctant 
to support previous proposals based upon the constitutional principle 
that States, not territories, are afforded congressional 
representation. I understand the argument that congressional 
representation is dependent on statehood and, therefore, the 
Constitution would need to be amended before the District is given a 
voting representative in Congress. While the Constitution does not 
affirmatively grant District residents the right to vote in 
congressional elections, it does affirmatively grant Congress plenary 
power to govern the District's affairs. Indeed, the Constitution grants 
Congress exclusive authority to legislate all matters concerning the 
District, and I believe this authority extends to the granting of 
congressional voting rights for District residents.
  I support this legislation not only because it rectifies the 
District's undemocratic political status, but it gives my home State of 
Utah a long overdue fourth voting Member in the House of 
Representatives.
  During the 2000 Census count, Utah missed out on a fourth House seat 
by only 857 people. The Census Bureau counted members of the military 
serving abroad as residents of their home State, but did not count an 
estimated 14,000 Utah missionaries from the Church of Jesus Christ of 
Latter-day Saints living abroad. Utah took its fight for a fourth seat 
all the way to the Supreme Court, but lost. Instead, North Carolina 
gained another seat in the House by 856 residents. Since then, I have 
heard from many Utahns and share their frustrations about the outcome 
of the 2000 Census.
  Why push for an additional seat now? Under normal circumstances, Utah 
would have to wait until the 2010 Census to see if its growing 
population justifies another congressional seat. However, the proposed 
legislation provides Utah a chance to receive another voting member of 
Congress 5 years early. That is equivalent to two and a half terms for 
a Member of Congress and places the new Member well on his or her way 
in establishing seniority and influence for the benefit of Utah's 
citizens. I don't think this is an offer we should dismiss.
  I have some constitutional concerns with H.R. 1905's attempt to 
impose an at-large seat upon my State of Utah. In States with more than 
one seat in the House, Members are expected to represent insular 
constituencies. Under H.R. 1905, residents of one State would be 
represented by two House Members while citizens in other States would 
have one. In addition, in our constitutional system, States are 
responsible for elections and Utah has chosen the approach it wants to 
take by redistricting. I see no warrant for Congress to undermine this 
balance and impose upon Utah a scheme it has not chosen for itself. For 
this reason, in the proposed Senate legislation, I insisted that Utah 
be required to redistrict to provide for the new seat. I believe that 
Utah's legislators deserve the freedom to determine their 
representatives' districts without unjustified intrusion or mandate of 
the Federal Government.
  Additionally, the House bill would require Utah to hold a special 
election in 2007 if the bill passes. The Senate version requires that 
both seats be elected in the November 2008 general election. 
Thereafter, both new Members would begin their service at the start of 
the 111th Congress in 2009.
  In conclusion, let me say that I recognize there are many who 
strongly oppose this legislation. There are many who wish the District 
voting rights issue would simply go away. The Democratic-controlled 
Congress could have simply pushed forward with legislation giving the 
District of Columbia a seat without balancing a ``Democrat'' seat with 
a ``Republican'' seat. I am pleased that this was not the case. The 
House of Representatives has already voted in favor of moving this 
legislation forward. Now it is up to the Senate. Let me be clear, the 
proposed legislation does not provide Senate representation for the 
District of Columbia. I am not in favor of granting two Senators for 
the District and would not support such a proposal.
  As one who represents Utah, I have an important responsibility to 
ensure that my State is dealt with properly and fairly. And, in light 
of the House's recent legislative action, I am determined to do all 
that I can to ensure that Utah's fourth seat configuration is done 
right. I want my fellow Utahns to know that the window of opportunity 
is quickly closing. In fact, I dare say there won't be another 
opportunity like this again. For this reason, I intend to make the most 
of it and hope that my Senate colleagues will support me in this 
endeavor.
                                 ______
                                 
      By Mrs. CLINTON (for herself and Mr. Smith):
  S. 1259. A bill to amend the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 to 
provide assistance for developing countries to promote quality basic 
education and to establish the achievement of universal basic education 
in all developing countries as an objective of United States foreign 
assistance policy, and for other purposes; to the Committee on Foreign 
Relations.
  Mrs. CLINTON. Mr. President, today, I am proud to introduce, along 
with Senator Gordon Smith, the Education

[[Page 10762]]

for All Act of 2007. This bill would enable us to increase our spending 
on global education initiatives in order to help millions of children 
around the world have the opportunity to receive an education.
  Worldwide, more than 77 million children do not have access to 
primary school education. The majority of these--approximately 44 
million--are girls. Approximately half of the school-age children who 
start primary school do not complete it. And there are hundreds of 
millions more children who are denied the opportunity to complete a 
secondary school education--to become the next generation of doctors, 
nurses, lawyers, scientists, and teachers. These statistics represent a 
unconscionable misuse of human potential--a misuse that we can and must 
remedy.
  In 2000, the United States, along with other governments around the 
world, committed to the goal of achieving universal basic education by 
2015. Through some of the initiatives and partnership in which our 
government is participating, such as the Education for All Fast Track 
Initiative, we have made progress. Since the Fast Track Initiative was 
launched in 2002, approximately 4 million children each year have 
gained access to school.
  Yet despite such gains, we are not on track to meet our 2015 goal. In 
order to do so, we would need to help millions more children enter 
school each year--requiring a global financial commitment of more than 
$7 billion every year.
  The Education for All Act of 2007 would authorize $10 billion in 
spending over the next 5 years, enabling the U.S. Government to make a 
significant commitment to reach the 2015 goal, and help children in 
developing countries, particularly areas experiencing conflict or 
humanitarian emergencies, have access to a quality basic education. The 
bill that I am introducing today will make a tangible difference in the 
lives of children around the world, by helping them to attend school 
and receive a quality education. And its impact will go far beyond the 
individual, but will also benefit families, communities, and countries.
  A 2004 report by Barbara Herz and Gene Sperling from the Center on 
Universal Education at the Council on Foreign Relations detailed the 
gains that are to be made when we invest in education, particularly for 
girls. A single year of primary education correlates with a 10-20 
percent increase in women's wages later in life. An extra year of a 
woman's education has been shown to reduce the risk that her children 
will die in infancy by 5-10 percent, and a study of South Asia and Sub-
Saharan Africa found that from 1960 to 1992, equality in education 
between men and women could have led to nearly 1 percent higher annual 
per capita GDP growth.
  We have the data to show that education is the path to good jobs, 
strong democracies, and stable societies. We have the capacity, 
responsibility, and opportunity to help millions of children worldwide. 
All it takes now is the will to expand access to educational 
opportunity.
  I believe with bipartisan support we can turn this bill into law, and 
lead the world in meeting the goal of universal basic education, and I 
look forward to working with my colleagues in Congress in making 
education for all a reality.
  Mr. SMITH. Mr. President, I rise today to introduce the Education for 
All Act of 2007 with my colleague from New York, Senator Hillary 
Clinton. This legislation will focus U.S. efforts to help provide all 
children worldwide with a basic education. At this time, at least 77 
million children of primary school age around the world are not in 
school.
  Basic education is a critical part of a child's development. In 
addition to providing children the tools necessary to succeed in life, 
education provides a secondary purpose of helping to reduce poverty and 
inequality. A strong basic education system also lays the foundation 
for sound governance, civic participation, and strong familial 
institutions. Without an education, children are less able to 
contribute to a country's development, often becoming a burden on 
society.
  A recent Government Accountability Office concluded there are seven 
U.S. Federal agencies providing international basic education services 
in approximately 70 countries. Unfortunately, the GAO also found 
instances when agencies did not coordinate the planning or delivery of 
international basic education activities. To maximize the impact of 
U.S. aid dollars, we must efficiently coordinate between government 
agencies to decrease redundant spending on overlapping programs. The 
Education for All Act will help achieve this.
  In 2000, at the World Education Forum in Dakar, Senegal, the United 
States was one of 180 countries to commit to the goal of universal 
basic education by 2015. Since then, we have enhanced our efforts to 
provide basic education overseas. From fiscal years 2001 to 2006, 
USAID, the Departments of State and Defense and the Millennium 
Challenge Corporation allocated $2.2 billion to support our basic 
international education efforts. During this same period, the 
Departments of Agriculture and Labor further allocated an estimated $1 
billion to programs with basic education as a component. I am proud of 
our country's generosity and commitment to this important goal.
  Our bill will ensure the United States provides the resources and 
leadership necessary to supply all children with a quality basic 
education. It calls on the President to establish a comprehensive 
strategy for achieving universal basic education by 2015. This strategy 
should include actions toward improving coordination, reducing 
duplication, expanding public-private partnerships, leveraging 
resources and maximizing the use of American technical experts. The 
bill also establishes a U.S. Education for All Coordinator, an 
ambassador-level position appointed by the President and confirmed by 
the Senate. The Coordinator will manage U.S. efforts to ensure aid 
dollars are used in the most effective manner possible.
  The bill further establishes a fellowship program at USAID which 
allows qualified individuals to serve 3-year terms as Basic Education 
fellows, helping establish and carry out basic education policy and 
programming. This fellowship will broaden U.S. capabilities in the 
areas of technical assistance and training. Finally, the bill 
authorizes $1 billion for fiscal year 2008, $1.5 billion for fiscal 
year 2009, $2 billion for fiscal year 2010, $2.5 billion for fiscal 
year 2011, and $3 billion for fiscal year 2012 for international basic 
education programs.
  I hope my colleagues will join us in supporting the noble ambition of 
achieving universal basic education by endorsing the Education for All 
Act of 2007.
                                 ______
                                 
      By Ms. CANTWELL (for herself, Mr. Harkin, and Mr. Brown):
  S. 1261. A bill to amend title 10 and 38, United States Code, to 
repeal the 10-year limit on use of Montgomery GI Bill educational 
assistance benefits, and for other purposes; to the Committee on 
Veterans' Affairs.
  Ms. CANTWELL. Mr. President, I rise today to speak about an 
investment program in lifelong education for our service members and 
veterans. The Montgomery GI Bill is consistently cited as an important 
reason people join the military and continues to be one of the most 
important benefits provided for military service today. There is no 
reason why 100 percent of our active duty, selected reserve, and 
veteran servicemembers should not have the opportunity to take 
advantage of their earned education benefits.
  That is why I'm reintroducing the Montgomery GI Bill for Life Act of 
2007, which would allow Montgomery GI Bill participants an unlimited 
amount of time to use their earned benefits.
  I am pleased that my colleague, Senator Tom Harkin, is again joining 
me in sponsoring this legislation and that Senator Sherrod Brown has 
also signed on to further extend MGIB benefits.
  The MGIB is a program that provides up to 36 months of education 
benefits for educational opportunities ranging from college to 
apprenticeship and job training, and even flight training.

[[Page 10763]]

Upon enlistment, the GI Bill also requires service members to 
contribute $100 per month for their first 12 months of services.
  Basically, the MGIB is divided into two programs. One program targets 
active duty and veteran members, paying over $1,000 per month to 
qualified students. That's more than $36,000 for school. The other is 
directed at the Selected Reserve. This program provides educational 
benefits of $288 per month, for a total of $10,368.
  If recruits are overwhelmingly declaring that education opportunity 
under the GI Bill is the key incentive for them to join the military, 
then it makes sense that most--if not all--of our troops, who signed up 
for the program, would also be cashing in on their benefits. But 
reports show that the majority, 40 to 60 percent, do not actually use 
the benefits they have earned.
  Currently, MGIB participants have up to 10 years from their release 
date from the military to use their earned education benefits. Members 
of the Selected Reserve are able to use their MGIB benefit for 14 
years. However, that means your earned education benefits expire if you 
don't use the within the required timeframe, closing your window of 
opportunity to go to school or finish your college education. Plus, you 
lose the $1,200 dedicated for your GI Bill during your first year of 
enlistment.
  Originally, the intent of 1944 GI Bill of Rights was to help veterans 
successfully transition back into civilian life as education is the key 
to employment opportunities. Looking back now, we know that the GI Bill 
opened the door to higher education, helping millions of service 
members and veterans who wouldn't otherwise have had the chance to pay 
for college. That is, servicemembers benefited from the GI Bill because 
they used the payments within the 10 and 14 year limitation.
  But there are many others who did not use their earned education 
benefits within that timeframe. For example, after leaving the 
military, some servicemembers postponed going to school because they 
had to go straight to work in order to support their family. Others 
unfortunately, were either homeless or incarcerated for long periods of 
time due to disability associated with military service, but are now 
ready to move forward in their lives, and going back to school is their 
first step. In some cases, due to random life circumstances, some 
people just lost track of time. Additionally, because of misinformation 
and bureaucratic language, the GI Bill is known as a complicated 
program to navigate.
  A constituent of mine, Ruben Ruelas--who is a Local Veterans 
Employment Representative, LVER, for the WorkSource in Wenatchee, 
Washington, wrote to me saying, ``It's been my experience that most 
people don't know what they want to do in life or are placed in 
situations where, due to changing economic times, they are displaced 
and need further education and training to compete for jobs. But most 
don't have access to training resources to do so.''
  In terms of Vietnam Era veterans, Mr. Ruelas goes on to say, ``many 
50 year olds are unemployed, untrained and uneducated and could use 
their educational benefits to improve their skills to compete for 
better jobs. Many have come to realize, too late, that they need 
college or retraining and don't have the resources to do so.''
  While times have changed remarkably, one thing remains constant: 
education is critical to employment opportunity. In the 21st Century 
global labor market, enhancing skills through education and job 
training is now more important than ever. The need for retraining is 
even more underscored for our military service members and veterans.
  My legislation, the Montgomery GI Bill for Life, would ensure that 
educational opportunities are lifelong, allowing service members and 
veterans the flexibility to seek education and job training 
opportunities when it is the right time for them to do so.
  Higher education not only serves as an individual benefit, but 
positive externalities have transpired: the GI Bill was instrumental in 
building our country's middle class and continues to help close the 
college education gap.
  Today, employers are requiring higher qualifications from the 
workforce. The Bureau of Labor Statistics reports that six of the ten 
fastest-growing occupations require an associate's degree or bachelor's 
degree. By 2010, 40 percent of all job growth will require some form of 
postsecondary education. While a highly skilled workforce is one 
characteristic of the new economy, working for one employer throughout 
a lifetime is no longer routine, but rather an evanescent feature. 
According to findings by Brigham Young University, the average person 
changes jobs or careers eight times in his or her lifetime. To keep up 
with these trends, expanding access to education and training is a must 
do in the 21st Century global marketplace.
  A 1999 report by the Congressional Commission on Service members and 
Veterans Transition Assistance stated that the GI Bill of the future 
must include the following: Provide veterans with access to post-
secondary education that they use; assist the Armed forces in 
recruiting the high quality high school graduates needed; enhance the 
Nation's competitiveness by further educating American veterans, a 
population that is already self-disciplined, goal oriented, and 
steadfast; and attract the kind of service members who will go on to 
occupy leadership positions in government and the private sector.
  Eliminating the GI Bill 10 and 14 year limitation for service 
members, veterans, and Selected Reserve moves one step toward improving 
the MGIB. The Montgomery GI Bill for Life would allow MGIB members, 
including qualified Vietnam Era Veterans, the flexibility to access 
their earned education benefits at any time.
  As the nation's economy continues to recover and grow stronger, the 
GI Bill will continue to be the primary vehicle keeping our active duty 
service members and veterans of military service on track, helping to 
ensure our country's prosperity.

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