[Congressional Record (Bound Edition), Volume 153 (2007), Part 20]
[Senate]
[Pages 27452-27453]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office, www.gpo.gov]




      HONORING NOBEL PEACE PRIZE WINNERS IN PHYSIOLOGY OR MEDICINE

  Mr. REID. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that the Senate 
proceed to the consideration of S. Res. 350.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The clerk will report.
  The assistant legislative clerk read as follows:

       A resolution (S. Res. 350) honoring the achievements of 
     Mario R. Capecchi, Sir Martin J. Evans, and Oliver Smithies 
     of the 2007 Nobel Peace Prize in Physiology or Medicine.

  There being no objection, the Senate proceeded to consider the 
resolution.
  Mr. HATCH. Mr. President, it is fitting that the Senate has passed S. 
Res. 350 which honors the scientific work and accomplishments of Mario 
R. Capecchi, who, along with Sir Martin J. Evans and Oliver Smithies, 
received the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine for their 
contributions to the development of gene targeting technology.
  What an honor to see these great men receive this distinguished 
award.
  As with previous Nobel winners, one of this year's recipients has 
waded through much difficulty in his life to go on and accomplish such 
an amazing feat--Dr. Mario Capecchi. I would like to take a moment to 
review for my colleagues some of Dr. Capecchi's background and 
successes.
  Dr. Mario Capecchi, who has worked at the University of Utah School 
of Medicine for nearly 35 years, has, through both his life and work, 
demonstrated that hard work and determination can and will lead to good 
results, even in the face of overwhelming adversity.
  Mario was born in Verona, Italy, in 1937. His father was an Italian 
soldier who, soon after Dr. Capecchi's birth, was reported missing in 
action while manning an anti-aircraft gun in Libya. At the age of 3, 
his American mother was sent to the Dachau concentration camp as 
punishment for her association with an anti-Fascist organization. Prior 
to her arrest, she sold all her belongings and gave the proceeds to a 
peasant family to provide housing for her son. However, 1 year later, 
the funds were exhausted and, at the age of 4, Dr. Capecchi was left to 
fend for himself on the streets of northern Italy.
  After 4 years of living in orphanages and moving from town to town 
with different groups of homeless children, he was located by his 
mother who, upon her release from Dachau, had engaged in a year-long 
search to find her son. She found him in a hospital bed in the town of 
Reggio Emilia, sick with a fever and suffering from malnutrition.
  In 1946, his uncle, Edward Ramberg, a prominent American physicist, 
arranged for Dr. Cappecchi and his mother to come to the United States. 
At that time, he and his mother relocated from Italy to a Quaker 
commune in Pennsylvania, where he would begin his education, graduating 
from a Quaker boarding school in 1956.
  Dr. Capecchi received bachelor's degrees in both chemistry and 
physics from Antioch College in Ohio in 1961. He then went on to earn 
his Ph.D. in biophysics from Harvard University in 1967. In 1969, he 
became an assistant professor in the Department of Biochemistry at the 
Harvard School of Medicine, and was promoted to associate professor in 
1971. Two years later, he joined the faculty at the University of Utah, 
where he began the work that would eventually earn him a Nobel Prize.
  Dr. Capecchi, along with Drs. Evans and Smithies, received the Nobel 
Prize for their discoveries of methods for introducing specific gene 
modifications in mice by the use of embryonic stem cells. In the late 
1980s, after years of research and experimentation on mouse-derived 
stem cells, these doctors were able to develop the first knockout mice, 
genetically engineered mice that have had one or more of their genes 
isolated and made inoperable. Knockout mice have allowed scientists to 
learn more about genes that have been sequenced but have unknown 
functions. Through the techniques developed by these three doctors, 
researchers are able to inactivate specific mouse genes and study the 
mice for any resulting differences. From this process, they are able to 
infer the probable functions of the individual genes.
  This gene targeting technology has led to a vast expansion of our 
understanding of genetics. Indeed, it has impacted virtually every area 
of biomedicine. The successful isolation of genes has allowed 
researchers to determine their roles in embryonic development, adult 
physiology, aging and disease. In addition, the use of knockout mice 
has led to the production of more than 500 different mouse models of 
human disorders, including cardiovascular disease, neuron-degenerative 
disorders, cancer and diabetes.
  Drs. Capecchi, Evans, and Smithies have dedicated their lives and 
work to bettering mankind. Dr. Capecchi has been a key advisor to me 
for many years and has been a great help to me and this nation with his 
medical and scientific work and knowledge. I have the highest praise, 
not only for his work and intellect, but for his dedication and 
perseverance.
  I am joined by Senators Bennett, Dole, and Burr in introducing S. 
Res. 350 recognizing the work and achievements of these new Nobel 
Laureates and congratulating them for the honor they have received and 
I want each of them to know how proud I am of them and their great 
accomplishments. I also want the entire country to know, that this is 
just the beginning. The work of Drs. Capecchi, Evans, and Smithies has 
continued to lay the groundwork and establish a strong foundation we 
will need to continue developing stem cell research and someday, sooner 
rather than later, find therapies that will heal some of the greatest 
afflictions suffered by millions around the world. This is the great 
promise of the work of these great men and I am proud to honor them.
  Mr. REID. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that the resolution 
be agreed to, the preamble be agreed to, the motions to reconsider be 
laid upon the table, and that any statements relating thereto be 
printed in the Record.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without objection, it is so ordered.
  The resolution (S. Res. 350) was agreed to.
  The preamble was agreed to.
  The resolution, with its preamble, reads as follows:

                              S. Res. 350

       Whereas Mario R. Capecchi was born in Italy in 1937 and 
     earned a PhD in biophysics from Harvard University in 1967;
       Whereas Sir Martin J. Evans was born in Great Britain in 
     1941 and earned a PhD in anatomy and embryology from 
     University College in London in 1969;
       Whereas Oliver Smithies was born in Great Britain in 1925 
     and earned a PhD in biochemistry from Oxford University in 
     1951;
       Whereas Mario Capecchi currently serves as Distinguished 
     Professor of Human Genetics and Biology at the University of 
     Utah School of Medicine;
       Whereas Sir Martin J. Evans currently serves as the 
     Professor of Mammalian Genetics and Director of the School of 
     Biosciences at Cardiff University in Wales;
       Whereas Oliver Smithies currently serves as an Excellence 
     Professor of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine at the 
     University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill;
       Whereas Mario R. Capecchi, Sir Martin J. Evans, and Oliver 
     Smithies have made a series of discoveries concerning 
     embryonic stem cells and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) 
     recombination in mammals that have led to the creation of 
     gene targeting in mice, a powerful technology that is now 
     being used in all areas of biomedicine;
       Whereas gene targeting technology has been used in 
     experiments that have successfully isolated genes in order to 
     determine

[[Page 27453]]

     their roles in embryonic development, adult physiology, 
     aging, and disease;
       Whereas gene targeting has produced more than 500 different 
     mouse models of human disorders, including cardiovascular and 
     neuron degenerative diseases, diabetes, and cancer;
       Whereas, on October 8, 2007, Mario R. Capecchi, Sir Martin 
     J. Evans, and Oliver Smithies were awarded the Nobel Prize in 
     Physiology or Medicine for their discoveries of principles 
     for introducing specific gene modifications in mice by the 
     use of embryonic stem cells: Now, therefore, be it
       Resolved, That the Senate--
       (1) honors and recognizes the scientific work and 
     achievements of Mario R. Capecchi, Sir Martin J. Evans, and 
     Oliver Smithies; and
       (2) congratulates Mario R. Capecchi, Sir Martin J. Evans, 
     and Oliver Smithies for their receipt of the Nobel Prize in 
     Physiology or Medicine.

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