[Congressional Record (Bound Edition), Volume 153 (2007), Part 18]
[Senate]
[Pages 24598-24599]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office, www.gpo.gov]




                  PRIVATE SECURITY CONTRACTORS IN IRAQ

  Mr. DURBIN. Mr. President, there was an event that occurred yesterday 
in Iraq which is significant. A decision was made by the Iraqi 
Government to order a private security firm known as Blackwater USA to 
leave the country. It involved the fatal shooting of eight Iraqi 
civilians following a car bomb attack against the State Department 
convoy. I don't know the circumstances of that attack, nor do I know 
the circumstances that led to the killing of these innocent civilians. 
Only a thorough and fair investigation will bring us to any kind of 
closure on this particular matter.
  What happened yesterday is going to dramatize to the American people 
something significant that has occurred in this war in Iraq. For the 
first time, we are seeing massive numbers of private security 
contractors who are at work for the U.S. Government in Iraq. They are 
in a security or quasi-military capacity. I have been to Iraq three 
times. They are often dispatched to provide security for visiting 
members of the Cabinet and Members of Congress. I will say at the 
outset that although I have serious misgivings about Blackwater as an 
organization, the individual men who have dedicated their lives to this 
service are risking their lives in the process, and their courage and 
bravery to step up is something that should be acknowledged and never 
diminished.
  But what this matter will bring to light is the fact that this 
security contractor, Blackwater, has enjoyed a charmed existence with 
the Bush administration from the start. This is another example of a 
firm which has been given millions of taxpayers' dollars to do a job in 
Iraq without accountability, without the kind of disclosure--basic 
disclosure--which American taxpayers deserve and demand. The 
circumstances of these contracts, the particulars involved in them, and 
the standards that are applied to them are in a shadowy world that has 
been kept away from the public eye by the Bush administration from the 
start. That is not only unfortunate, it is unfair, and we need to do 
something about it as a government.
  This operation, Blackwater USA, started by Mr. Erik Prince of 
Michigan, has been politically affiliated with this administration for 
a long time. Now that there have been questions raised about the 
conduct of their operations, they have brought in some of the biggest 
political heavy-hitters in Washington to keep their operations cloaked 
in secrecy and veiled so that the American people don't know what they 
are all about. They do it in the name of security and classified 
information at a time when we need more transparency and more openness 
and more accountability.
  These security contractors are often paid three times what ordinary 
soldiers receive. The rules they operate under are much different than 
those our military faces every single day in Iraq. They are given 
mundane tasks in many instances and paid enormous sums of money to 
perform them--to transport kitchen equipment, for example--in Iraq at 
great expense to our Government.
  Several years ago in Fallujah, there was a terrible incident 
involving several Blackwater contractors. These contractors were 
guarding kitchen equipment that was being transported across Fallujah 
when they were ambushed and killed. It is hard for anyone to forget the 
images that followed. Their bodies were dragged out of their vehicles, 
and they were beaten and burned and hanged on a local bridge. There 
were newscasts and videotape around the world of this heinous and 
barbaric act. As a result of it, our Government made an invasion of 
Fallujah and put at risk thousands of American troops to bring some 
order to that scene.
  What is not well known is that the families of those Blackwater 
security forces--contractors--who were killed in Fallujah believe their 
loved ones were put in harm's way by this company, by Blackwater. 
Blackwater had promised to these contractors that if they would come to 
Iraq, they would be given armored vehicles, adequate protection, and 
adequate equipment. In fact, that was not the case. Many of the same 
contractors who were at risk were complaining about this. In fact, one 
who died that day had made a formal request of the leadership of 
Blackwater to make good on their promise to protect their employees who 
worked for Blackwater. They lost their lives.
  Their families then went to court trying to make sure Blackwater was 
held accountable. As the mother of one of these contractors and former 
Navy SEAL said, it wasn't about the money, it was about accountability 
and to make sure Blackwater, a company that was very profitable through 
this administration and this war, actually protected its employees. 
Well, I need not tell you that they faced an uphill struggle with their 
lawsuit, which is still pending. Blackwater refused discovery, refused 
to disclose information, made every effort they could to keep material 
witnesses away from this trial and this proceeding, and unfortunately, 
the facts have never come forward as they should for all of us to 
understand.
  Where the Blackwater security contractors were promised armored 
vehicles, in fact, they were given SUVs with little protection. Where 
they were promised to have groups to protect them, they were sent into 
harm's way with inadequate numbers of forces. Time and again, this 
contractor, profiting from our Government, profiting from this 
administration, didn't provide the basic protection it promised to its 
own employees.
  I believe it is time for this Congress to open this door, to lift 
this lid and look inside, about the security contractors who are at 
work in Iraq today at the expense of our Government. We need to know 
how many are working. We need to know what rules they operate by. We 
need to know what incidents they have been involved in. America is held 
accountable for their conduct. Even though they may be private sector 
employees, for every Iraqi, I am sure they look at them as symbolizing 
and representing the United States of America.
  It is our responsibility to ask the hard questions about these 
security contractors, what they are doing, and whether anything 
improper has occurred. The Iraqi Government has reached this conclusion 
and asked them to leave. I will be surprised at the end of the day if 
they do leave. They

[[Page 24599]]

are so closely connected to the highest levels of this administration, 
it is hard to imagine they will actually leave the country even after 
the Iraqi Government has called publicly for that to happen.
  So I have asked the leadership on the Democratic side to look into 
the security contractor arrangements, as well as the Blackwater USA 
company in particular, to get down to the bottom line and the basic 
question as to whether these people who are involved in this conduct 
have done things that really don't advance the cause of peace and 
stability in Iraq. That is a legitimate question which should be asked 
of every contractor involved in business in Iraq.
  We know for the last 5 years on Capitol Hill hard questions were not 
asked. There was little or no oversight by this Congress asking whether 
our taxpayers' dollars were being well spent, whether the right 
decisions were being made. Sadly, we find ourselves mired in a war that 
has cost us almost 3,800 American lives, with more than 30,000 injured, 
with no end in sight. It has been a colossal foreign policy mistake--
one that we will pay for for generations.
  Despite the heroism of our men and women in uniform day-in and day-
out, policymakers in Washington have let them down. This President made 
an appeal to the American people the other night to allow him to stay 
the course until he can leave office. To think that 130,000 soldiers 
will still be in Iraq next year is really unacceptable. We have pushed 
our military to the absolute limit. I have been there. I have talked to 
them. I have met with their families. I have talked to the support 
groups back home. I have visited the veterans hospitals. I have seen 
these soldiers on the battlefront as well as back home, and they have 
paid a heavy price for this war. The President suggests that we just 
keep 130,000 troops there indefinitely until he finds what he can 
define as success, but that isn't good enough. We have to make sure we 
are sensitive to these soldiers and the toll that is being taken on 
them personally.
  I am sorry to report that the divorce rates among American enlisted 
personnel now are twice what they are normally, and among officers 
three times. The suicide rate is the highest it has been since Vietnam 
and, unfortunately, those who are subject to multiple deployments come 
back and face many needs for health care and counseling. That is the 
reality. We are now paying the highest cash incentives ever in our 
history for people to enlist and to reenlist. Mr. President, $10,000 is 
common. If a 19-year-old soldier will agree to show up in 6 weeks or 
so, they double it to $20,000 in cash--to someone fresh out of high 
school. We have changed a lot of rules of eligibility for service in 
our military. Unfortunately, we are pushing them to the absolute limit. 
That is part of the reality of where we are today in Iraq. It is a 
reality which the President did not address when he spoke to the 
American people last week.
  This event yesterday, where Blackwater was expelled by Iraq's 
Government, should be a wake-up call to this administration and this 
Congress to provide the kind of meaningful oversight of these private 
security operations, to ask whether these men and women who were under 
our employ, as employees of our Government through private contractors, 
have stood up and done the right thing for our Nation. Many have, but 
those who have not have to be held accountable.
  Mr. President, SPC Darryl Dent died in Iraq on August 26, 2003, when 
an IED exploded under his humvee. Specialist Dent--21 years old--had 
hoped to go to medical school one day. He was the first National Guard 
member from his hometown to die in combat since Vietnam.
  LCpl Greg MacDonald died in Iraq on June 25, 2003, when his humvee 
rolled as he and six other marines raced to rescue American soldiers 
caught in an ambush. Lance Corporal MacDonald--29 years old--had a 
master's degree and hoped to make a career in foreign affairs and help 
create peace in the Middle East.
  MAJ Kevin Shea, a veteran of the first gulf war, was killed by rocket 
fire in Al Anbar province on September 14, 2004--his 38th birthday. He 
was promoted posthumously to lieutenant colonel, making him the 
highest-ranking marine killed in the war in Iraq at that time.
  Army Reserve LTC Paul Kimbrough was a lawyer who once worked for a 
Member of the House of Representatives and even ran unsuccessfully for 
a House seat himself. He was in Afghanistan, overseeing improvements to 
living conditions for our soldiers at Bagram Air Base, when he suffered 
a fatal heart attack on October 3, 2003. He was 44 years old.
  CAPT Darrell Lewis grew up in a tough housing project, earned a 
scholarship to a private high school and another scholarship to 
college. He graduated, joined the Army and rose quickly through the 
ranks. Three months ago, on June 23, he died in Vashir City, 
Afghanistan, when his unit was attacked by insurgents using RPGs, 
mortars and small arms fire. Captain Lewis was 31 years old.
  What did these five fallen warriors all have in common, besides their 
devotion to duty and to our Nation? A hometown. At the time of their 
deaths, all five were residents of the District of Columbia. They died 
trying to bring democracy to Afghanistan and Iraq, but they did not 
have the legal right to participate fully in our American democracy. 
That is wrong. This week, we have an opportunity to right this wrong.
  This week, for the first time in nearly 30 years, the U.S. Senate 
will take up a bill to grant the citizens of the District of Columbia, 
our Nation's Capital, a voting member--one voting representative--in 
the U.S. House of Representatives. I am one of the cosponsors of the 
bipartisan District of Columbia House Voting Rights Act of 2007.
  Our aim is to not to strengthen the hand of either political party, 
but to strengthen American democracy. For that reason, the DC House 
Voting Rights Act would also create an additional House seat for the 
State of Utah.

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