[Congressional Record (Bound Edition), Volume 153 (2007), Part 1]
[Senate]
[Pages 420-422]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office, www.gpo.gov]




                         MEDICARE DRUG BENEFIT

  Mr. GRASSLEY. Mr. President, I welcome the new Presiding Officer to 
the Senate. I look forward to working with him as a new Senator. I hope 
he enjoys his time in the Senate.

[[Page 421]]

  I am back here again today, as I was yesterday, to talk about the 
Medicare drug benefit. Yesterday I spoke about how the benefit uses 
prescription drug plans and competition--with emphasis upon 
competition--to keep costs down for our senior citizens. I spoke about 
how well that system of competition that is in the prescription drug 
bill has been working for the last 2 years of its operation. Today I 
want to get to the crux of this debate and a debate that is going to 
take place a few days from now in this Chamber, the so-called 
prohibition on Government negotiation with drugmakers.
  Opponents of the Medicare drug benefit have misrepresented what we 
call the ``noninterference clause'' language. That language doesn't 
prohibit Medicare from negotiation with drugmakers. It prohibits the 
Government from interfering in negotiations that are actually taking 
place.
  Much of this debate hinges on a convenient lapse of memory that I am 
going to emphasize during my remarks about the history of the 
noninterference clause. So today I want to take my colleagues on a 
little trip down memory lane. For our first stop on memory lane, I 
would like to read something. This is a quote from someone talking 
about their very own Medicare drug benefit proposal:

       Under this proposal, Medicare would not set prices of 
     drugs. Prices would be determined through negotiations 
     between private benefit administrators and drug 
     manufacturers.

  The person who said this clearly wanted private negotiation with drug 
companies for a Medicare benefit, not Government negotiations. The 
person I quoted was proposing--and I will quote again what he said--
``negotiations between private benefit administrators and drug 
manufacturers.'' I don't think that person could be more clear in what 
he was attempting to accomplish with his proposal.
  You are going to be shocked to hear who said this. The quote is from 
none other than President Clinton. President Clinton made that comment 
as part of his June 1999 plan for strengthening and modernizing 
Medicare for the 21st century. President Clinton went on to say that 
under his plan ``prices would be determined through negotiations 
between the private benefit administrators and drug manufacturers.''
  I quote further:

       The competitive bidding process would be used to yield the 
     best possible drug prices and coverage, just as it is used by 
     large private employers and by the Federal Employees Health 
     Benefits Plan today.

  President Clinton also described his plan as using private 
negotiators as opposed to Government negotiators, because ``these 
organizations have experienced managing drug utilization and have 
developed numerous tools of cost containment and utilization 
management.''
  Does this ring any bells? It should because it is the same framework 
used in today's Part D Medicare prescription drug benefit, private 
negotiations with drug companies, and it is based on the nearly 50-year 
history of the Federal Employees Health Benefits Program.
  I would like to refer to another part of Medicare history for 
memory's sake as well. This is another interesting spot on memory lane 
for history buffs. The Clinton plan had a coverage gap that we refer to 
in the Senate as the doughnut hole, just like the bill eventually 
signed into law in 2003.
  Like many others, the brandnew Speaker of the House has questioned 
why one would pay premiums at a point in time when you are not 
receiving benefits, as is the case with the doughnut hole. Well, that 
is how insurance works. We all know how the insurance industry works. 
Go look at your homeowner and auto policies and Part B Medicare. You 
pay premiums to have coverage. That is how President Clinton's plan was 
meant to work, if it had become law.
  In Sunday's Washington Post, the new Speaker of the other body, 
Pelosi, was quoted about having a doughnut hole. She said:

       How could that be a good idea, unless you are writing a 
     bill for the HMOs and pharmaceutical companies and not for 
     America's seniors?

  Was she referring to President Clinton's plan proposed in 1999? As I 
said, he proposed his plan in June of that year. On April 4, 2000, S. 
2342 was introduced in the Senate. S. 2342 would have created a drug 
benefit administered through private benefit managers. So here again 
would be private negotiators negotiating with the drug companies to 
save seniors money on their prescription drugs. Does that sound 
familiar? It is just like today's Medicare Program that is law.
  Here is another important stop down our memory lane. That bill, S. 
2342, introduced in 2000, included language on noninterference:

       Nothing in this section or in this part shall be construed 
     as authorizing the secretary to authorize a particular 
     formulary, or to institute a price structure for benefits, or 
     to otherwise interfere with the competitive nature of 
     providing a prescription drug benefit through benefit 
     managers.

  This is the first bill--the very first one--where the noninterference 
clause appeared. This is the first prohibition in present law on 
Government negotiation that was introduced. But S. 2342 wasn't 
introduced by a Republican; it was introduced by my esteemed colleague, 
the late Senator Moynihan. One month later, there was a bill, S. 2541, 
introduced. I will read some of the language that was in that bill. 
That bill said this; I have it on the chart:

       The secretary may not (1) require a particular formulary, 
     institute a price structure for benefits; (2) interfere in 
     any way with negotiations between private entities and drug 
     manufacturers, and wholesalers; or (3) otherwise interfere 
     with the competitive nature of providing a prescription drug 
     benefit through private entities.

  I will make it clear that this wasn't a Republican bill, either. It 
was introduced, as you can see, at that time by Senator Daschle, who 
was joined by 33 other Democrats, including 3 who are still prominent 
in the Senate--Reid, Durbin, and Kennedy. That is right. I want you all 
to know that 33 Senate Democrats cosponsored a bill with a 
noninterference clause in it. You see, it turns out that the Democrats 
didn't want the Government--nor did President Clinton--interfering in 
the private sector negotiations either. They recognized then that the 
private sector would do a better job, and they didn't want some 
Government bureaucrat messing it up.
  I will go to another chart. In June 2000, two Democratic bills were 
introduced in the House of Representatives that also included 
noninterference language. H.R. 4770 was introduced by then-Democratic 
leader Dick Gephardt. That bill had more than 100 Democrats 
cosponsoring, including the new Speaker of the House--then not 
speaker--Nancy Pelosi, and Representatives Rangel, Dingell, and Stark. 
Rangel, Dingell, and Stark are people whom I have worked closely with 
in Congress recently on a lot of health legislation or tax 
legislation--or trade legislation, in the case of Congressman Rangel.
  The prohibition on Government negotiation included in that House bill 
was almost identical to the language Senator Daschle had in his bill. 
Here is the text of the actual noninterference clause included in the 
bill signed by the President in 2003, present law--what we refer to as 
Part D now:

       Noninterference.--in order to promote competition under 
     this part and in carrying out this part, the secretary (1) 
     may not interfere with the negotiations between drug 
     manufacturers and pharmacies and PDP sponsors; and (2) may 
     not require a particular formulary or institute a price 
     structure for reimbursement of covered part D drugs.

  Well, that sounds a bit like what was sponsored by Democrats over the 
last several years. Last week, the senior Senator from Illinois 
described the 2003 Medicare bill--and this was in a speech on the 
floor--as being written by the pharmaceutical industry. But the 
noninterference clause first appeared in legislation introduced by 
Democrats who now oppose the same provision that is in present law.
  Now, the opponents of the Medicare drug benefit always say that the 
noninterference clause is proof the present law was written by the drug 
industry. My question, Mr. President, is this: If that is what they 
want to think, then did the same pharmaceutical industry write these 
bills that the Democrats introduced in 2000, 2001, and 2002?

[[Page 422]]

  I bet you are wondering how many Democratic bills had the now 
infamous noninterference clause in it--that is, the prohibition on 
Government negotiation. Well, here is the whole timeline. As you can 
see from chart 4, that prohibition on the Government negotiating, the 
noninterference clause, has been in seven bills by Democrats between 
1999 and 2003, including a bill introduced in the House on the same 
day, H.R. 1, which eventually became the bill the President signed. 
There were seven. Here they are. The first is the Moynihan bill, April 
2000; Daschle-Reid bill, May 2000; Eshoo bill, June 2000; Gephardt-
Pelosi-Rangel-Stark-Dingell-Stabenow--when she was in the House and is 
now a Senator--introduced June 2000. Stark had it in a motion to 
recommit in June 2000. Senator Wyden from Oregon introduced it as part 
of S. 1185 in July 2001. Thompson of California had it in a House bill 
in June of 2003.
  It seems to me that on the other side of the aisle there ought to be 
some consideration of where did Republicans get this idea. I hate to 
steal ideas from Democrats, but if they work, they work. I spoke 
yesterday about how this provision--or the present way of doing it. The 
Federal Health Employee Benefit Program has been doing it for 50 years, 
and it has been saving senior citizens lots of money, not just on the 
price of prescription drugs but prescription drugs and premiums and a 
lot of other things--not only saving senior citizens money out of their 
own pockets but saving the taxpayers with a new judgment on what the 
cost of the drug program is going to be that was projected back when it 
was signed by the President. It is $189 billion less than the 
Congressional Budget Office, the CMS, and the OMB said it would cost.
  Now, I know what the response will be. It will be that even though 
Democratic bills had nearly the exact same prohibition on Government 
negotiation--practically word for word in seven bills over a long 
period of time--opponents now think the approach is no longer the best 
for Medicare. That's sort of like ``we supported it before we opposed 
it.'' Beneficiaries and the public deserve more than that.
  I yield the floor.
  The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Senator from Florida is 
recognized.
  Mr. NELSON of Florida. Mr. President, it is my understanding we are 
in morning business.
  The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Senator is correct.

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