[Congressional Record (Bound Edition), Volume 152 (2006), Part 9]
[Senate]
[Pages 12547-12548]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office, www.gpo.gov]




                      JUNETEENTH INDEPENDENCE DAY

  Mr. LEVIN. Mr. President, during the week of June 19 through June 25, 
nationwide we celebrate in observance of Juneteenth Independence Day. 
Although passage of the 13th amendment in January 1865, legally 
abolished slavery, many African-Americans remained in servitude due to 
the slow dissemination of this news across the country. It was not 
until June 19, 1865, that Union troops reached Galveston, TX, and 
emancipated the last of the slaves. Since that time, over 130 years 
ago, the descendants of slaves have observed this anniversary of 
emancipation as a remembrance of one of the most tragic periods of our 
Nation's history. The suffering, degradation and brutality of slavery 
cannot be repaired, but the memory can serve to ensure that no such 
inhumanity is ever perpetrated again on American soil.
  It is appropriate and necessary that we, as a nation, recognize 
Juneteenth and use this day to reflect upon how far we have come and 
how far we still have to go. While it was on this historic day in 1865 
that slaves were finally freed of the onerous yoke of slavery, the same 
cannot be said about the burden of pervasive racial oppression and 
second-class citizenship, which would not be eradicated in earnest 
until 100 years later through the civil rights movement of the 1960s. 
Although we have made tremendous progress in eliminating discrimination 
and creating equal opportunities over the years, the American dream 
continues to elude the grasp of many Americans.
  I would like to reflect on the courageous and revolutionary leaders 
who pioneered the Civil Rights Movement and bridged the gap between 
emancipation in 1865 and equality in the 1960s. It seems only 
appropriate to begin with the person who first proposed to commemorate 
the achievements of former slaves and their descendants: Dr. Carter G. 
Woodson. A son of former slaves and a man who rose from the coal mines 
of West Virginia to the summit of academic achievement, Dr. Woodson's 
story is considered one of the most inspiring and instructive stories 
in African-American history.
  Writer, editor, and lecturer Lerone Bennett tells us his story: ``At 
17, the young man who was called by history to reveal Black history was 
an untutored coal miner. At 19, after teaching himself the fundamentals 
of English and arithmetic, he entered high school and mastered the 
four-year curriculum in less than two years. At 22, after two-thirds of 
a year at Berea College [in Kentucky], he returned to the coal mines 
and studied Latin and Greek between trips to the mine shafts. He then 
went on to the University of Chicago, where he received a bachelor's 
and master's degrees, and to Harvard University, where he became the 
second Black to receive a doctorate in history. The rest is history--
Black history.''
  In 1926, Dr. Woodson founded African-American history month: a time 
to recognize the enormous contributions of a people of great strength, 
dignity, faith, and conviction, who strived for the betterment of a 
nation once lacking in humanity toward them.
  So it is in the spirit and vision of Dr. Woodson that I pay tribute 
to three courageous and inspiring African-Americans who played 
significant roles in addressing American injustice and inequality.
  The contributions of Sojourner Truth and Mrs. Rosa Parks, two women 
from my State, and the venerable Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., are 
indelibly etched in the chronicles of the history of this great Nation, 
and they are also widely viewed with distinction and admiration 
throughout the world.
  Sojourner Truth, though unable to read or write, was considered one 
of the most eloquent and noted spokespersons of her day on the 
inhumanity and immorality of slavery. She was a leader in the 
abolitionist movement and a groundbreaking speaker on behalf of 
equality for women. Michigan honored her with the dedication of the 
Sojourner Truth Memorial Monument, which was unveiled in Battle Creek, 
MI, on September 25, 1999.
  Truth lived in Washington, DC, for several years, helping slaves who 
had fled from the South and appearing at women's suffrage gatherings. 
She returned to Battle Creek in 1875 and remained there until her death 
in 1883. Sojourner Truth spoke from her heart about the most troubling 
issues of her time. A testament to Truth's convictions is that her 
words continue to speak to us today.
  On May 4, 1999, legislation was enacted authorizing the President of 
the United States to award the Congressional Gold Medal to the late 
Mrs. Rosa Parks. I was pleased to coauthor this fitting tribute to Mrs. 
Parks, the gentle warrior who decided that she would no longer tolerate 
the humiliation and demoralization of racial segregation on a bus. Her 
personal bravery and self-sacrifice are remembered with reverence and 
respect by us all.
  Fifty-one years ago, in Montgomery, AL, the modern civil rights 
movement began when Mrs. Parks refused to give up her seat and move to 
the back of the bus. The strength and spirit of this courageous woman 
captured the consciousness of not only the American people but the 
entire world. The boycott that Mrs. Parks initiated was the beginning 
of an American revolution that elevated the status of African-Americans 
nationwide and introduced to the world a young leader who would one day 
have a national holiday declared in his honor, the Reverend Martin 
Luther King, Jr.
  Perhaps more than any other single person, it was Dr. King--with his 
visionary leadership and inspiring rhetorical skills--who can be 
considered the driving force behind the 1960's civil rights movement.

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  Mr. President, we have come a long way toward achieving justice and 
equality for all. We still however have work to do. In the names of 
Rosa Parks, Sojourner Truth, Carter G. Woodson, Martin Luther King, 
Jr., and many others, let us rededicate ourselves to continuing the 
struggle for human rights.
  I am happy to join with my colleague, Senator Barack Obama, in 
commemorating Juneteenth Independence Day with the submission of S. 
Con. Res. 42. This resolution recognizes the end of slavery and reminds 
us to never forget even the worst aspects of our Nation's history.

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