[Congressional Record (Bound Edition), Volume 151 (2005), Part 22] [Senate] [Pages 30530-30531] [From the U.S. Government Publishing Office, www.gpo.gov]HONORING VINE DELORIA JR. Mr. SALAZAR. Mr. President, I rise to honor and celebrate the remarkable life and legacy of Vine Deloria, one of the most influential American Indian people of our time, who through his writings and activism reframed the social debate about the identity of Native American people. Deloria was born in South Dakota in 1933 to a distinguished Yankton Sioux family. He served in the Marines and graduated from Iowa State University. He earned a master's degree from the Lutheran School of Theology in Chicago, initially planning to become a minister. He then went on to earn a law degree from CU in 1970. He is survived by his wife of 47 years, Barbara; two sons, Philip and Daniel; a daughter, Jeanne Deloria; a brother, Philip; a sister, Barbara Sanchez; and seven grandchildren. Deloria began his writing and advocacy work as executive director of the National Congress of American Indians, NCAI, in 1964. The 1960s were a crucial era for American Indians, as their community leaders worked together to combat the cumulative legacy of desperate economic conditions, political disenfranchisement, and religious repression on the reservations. While at NCAI, he challenged the century-old Federal assimilation policies of termination and relocation, and helped set the foundation for the American Indian civil rights movement in the late 1960s and early 1970s. His leadership at NCAI marked a turning point in American Indian policy. Mr. Deloria opened the Nation's eyes both to wrongs it had wrought on American Indian people and to the solutions available to mend the disparities. Among the many areas of American Indian policy issues that he influenced, he helped to craft the American Indian Religious Freedom Act, the Indian Self-Governance Act, and the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act. His political passion also drove him to write the transformative 1969 book ``Custer Died for Your Sins,'' which helped frame the modern debate about the boundaries of sovereignty for modern Indian nations. The book also challenged the Federal Government's unjust treatment of our Nation's tribal governments. When academic critics challenged his intellect and sophistication, he responded by writing ``The Metaphysics of Modern Existence.'' A lively discussion with Vine was an invigorating and thought-provoking sport enriched by his extraordinary and pointed sense of humor. Deloria taught history at the University of Arizona from 1978 to 1990 and then at the University of Colorado, where he taught until his retirement in 2000. In 2002, Deloria received the Wallace Stegner Award, the highest honor presented by CU-Boulder's Center for the American West. The inscription on Deloria's award, given to people who have made a sustained contribution to the cultural identity of the West, reads as follows: Always grounded in the stories told by plains and ridges of your Sioux homeland, and guided by your vision of tribal sovereignty, you have become a hero for the ages in Indian country and far beyond, you have changed the West and the world through your activism during the termination crisis, your spirited leadership ever since, your vast and influential writings, and your encompassing mind and matchless courage. I rise today on the floor of the Senate to honor and celebrate the life's work of Vine Deloria, Jr. We are a better, stronger people for having been blessed with his wisdom. [[Page 30531]] ____________________