[Congressional Record (Bound Edition), Volume 150 (2004), Part 4]
[Senate]
[Pages 5376-5379]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office, www.gpo.gov]




                  OUTRAGEOUS CHARGES BY RICHARD CLARKE

  Mr. FRIST. Madam President, in about 30 minutes or so, we will be 
closing. Before doing that, I want to spend a few minutes talking about 
an occurrence and a series of events over the course of the past week 
stemming from comments and testimony by a former State Department civil 
servant named Richard Clarke.
  In a book that is scheduled to be released for sale by the parent 
company of the CBS network, Mr. Clarke makes the outrageous charge that 
the Bush administration, in its first 7 months in office, failed to 
adequately address the threat of Osama bin Laden. There has been a 
fulminating in the media and by some Senators about this book. I want 
to take this opportunity to reflect a bit on this, because I am deeply 
disturbed by the charges that have been made by Mr. Clarke. I am 
disturbed, in part, by the way it has been handled by some of our 
colleagues and by the media itself.
  I am troubled by the charges. I am equally troubled someone would 
sell a book that trades on their former service as a Government insider 
with access to classified information, our Nation's most valuable 
intelligence, in order to profit from the suffering surrounding what 
this Nation endured on September 11, 2001.
  I am troubled that Senators on the other side of the aisle are so 
quick to accept such claims. I am troubled that Mr. Clarke has had a 
hard time keeping his own story straight. I don't personally know Mr. 
Clarke--I have met him--although I take it from press accounts that he 
has been involved in the fight against terrorism for the past decade.
  As 9/11 demonstrates, that decade was a period of growing peril, a 
period of unanswered attacks against the United States. It is self-
serving, I believe, that Mr. Clarke asserts that the United States 
could have stopped terrorism if only the three Presidents he served had 
listened to Mr. Clarke. In fact, when Mr. Clarke was at the height of 
his influence as the terrorism czar for President Clinton, the United 
States saw the first attack on the World Trade Center, saw the attack 
on the U.S. Air Force barracks in Saudi Arabia, the attacks on the two 
U.S. embassies in Africa, the attack on the USS Cole, and the planning 
and implementation for the 9/11 attacks.
  The only common denominator throughout those 10 years of unanswered 
attacks was Mr. Clarke himself, a consideration that is clearly driving 
his effort to point fingers and to shift blame. He was the only common 
denominator throughout that period.
  This pointing fingers, this shifting blame I will come back to 
because if we look at all the data and all the evidence, it becomes the 
common theme.
  While the reasons may be open to debate and discussion, the previous 
administration's response to these repeated attacks by al-Qaida was 
clearly inadequate--a few cruise missiles lobbed at some, at best, 
questionable targets. Al-Qaida could only have been encouraged by their 
record of success in the absence of a serious and a sustained response 
by the United States during that period.
  After 10 years of policies that failed to decisively confront and to 
eliminate that threat from al-Qaida, Clarke now suggests that those 
first 7 months of the Bush administration is where the blame should 
lie. Again, after 10 years of attack after attack with an inadequate 
response, with Mr. Clarke being the common denominator, to put the 
blame almost entirely on the first 7 months of the Bush administration 
to me is shifting blame and finger-pointing.
  What is interesting is that what we heard this week has not always 
been Mr. Clarke's view of the events leading up to September 11. This 
week, a transcript was released of a press interview that Mr. Clarke 
gave in August of 2002, not that long ago. I will submit for the Record 
the full transcript, but I do want to cite a portion of this interview 
reviewing in glowing terms the policies of the Bush administration in 
fighting terrorism. I will be quoting exactly from the interview:
  Richard Clarke:

       Actually, I've got about seven points. Let me just go 
     through them quickly.

  Again, these are Mr. Clarke's words:

       The first point, I think the overall point is, there was no 
     plan on Al Qaeda that was

[[Page 5377]]

     passed from the Clinton administration to the Bush 
     administration.

  No plan.
  Mr. Clarke's words:

       Second point is that the Clinton administration had a 
     strategy in place, effectively dating from 1998. And there 
     were a number of issues on the table since 1998. And they 
     remained on the table when that administration went out of 
     office--issues like aiding the Northern Alliance in 
     Afghanistan, changing our Pakistan policy, changing our 
     policy towards Uzbekistan. And in January 2001, the incoming 
     Bush administration was briefed on the existing strategy. 
     They were also briefed on these series of issues that had not 
     been decided on in a couple of years.

  Mr. Clarke continues, using his exact words:

       And the third point is the Bush administration decided 
     then, you know, mid-January, to do two things. One, 
     vigorously pursue the existing policy, including all of the 
     lethal covert action findings, which we've now made public to 
     some extent.
       And the point is, while this big review was going on, there 
     were still in effect, the lethal findings were still in 
     effect. The second thing the administration decided to do is 
     to initiate a process to look at those issues which had been 
     on the table for a couple of years and get them decided.
       So, point five, that process which was initiated in the 
     first week in February, decided in principle, in the spring 
     to add to the existing Clinton strategy and to increase CIA 
     resources, for example, for covert action, five-fold, to go 
     after Al Qaeda.
       The sixth point, the newly-appointed deputies--and you had 
     to remember, the deputies didn't get into office until late 
     March, early April. The deputies then tasked the development 
     of the implementation details of these new decisions that 
     they were endorsing, and sending out to the principals.

  I am still reading verbatim through the interview. His words:

       Over the course of the summer--last point--they developed 
     implementation details, the principals met at the end of the 
     summer, approved them in their first meeting, changed the 
     strategy by authorizing the increase in funding five-fold, 
     changing the policy on Pakistan, changing the policy on 
     Uzbekistan, changing the policy on the Northern Alliance 
     assistance.
       And then changed the strategy from one of rollback with Al 
     Qaeda over the course [of] five years, which it had been, to 
     a new strategy that called for the rapid elimination of Al 
     Qaeda. This is in fact the time line.

  Those are the words of Richard Clarke during a series of questions I 
will make a part of the Record. I will take the final question, in the 
interest of time, to Mr. Clarke. Question:

       You're saying that the Bush administration did not stop 
     anything that the Clinton administration was doing while it 
     was making the decisions, and by the end of the summer had 
     increased money for covert action five-fold. Is that correct?

  Mr. Clarke's answer:

       All of that's correct.

  Madam President, I went through the interview in detail like that 
because you can see clearly how out of sync it is. It is almost just 
the opposite of what he said this week, and it is important for us to 
understand, if we are going to look at Mr. Clarke's credibility, this 
juxtaposition, this contrast, how dissimilar to what comes out of his 
mouth it actually is.
  Madam President, I ask unanimous consent that the article be printed 
in the Record at the conclusion of my remarks.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without objection, it is so ordered.
  (See exhibit 1.)
  Mr. FRIST. This is not the only account in which Mr. Clarke changes 
his story. In lengthy testimony before the congressional joint inquiry 
that reviewed the events surrounding the September 11 attacks, Mr. 
Clarke is equally effusive in his praise for his actions of the Bush 
administration. It is my hope we will be able to get that testimony 
declassified. That request has been made so all Senators may review it 
and discuss it as well. But it is effusive praise under oath.
  I do not know what Mr. Clarke's motive is. I have no earthly idea 
what his motive for these charges is. Is it personal gain? Is it 
partisan gain? Is it in some way personal profit? Is it animus because 
of his failure to win a promotion with the Bush administration? I just 
do not know. None of us is going to ever know. But one thing is clear, 
and that is his motive could not possibly be to bring clarity or true 
understanding of how we avoid future September 11 attacks.
  There are five points I would like to make, five points that I find 
absolutely inexplicable about Mr. Clarke's performance this past week. 
I have waited to come to the floor until the end of the week because I 
couldn't really believe what Mr. Clarke was saying, based on what we 
know of his past performance and his participation in the former 
administration. I wanted to have time, and I will make these five 
points in a quick fashion.
  Point No. 1: In an e-mail to the National Security Adviser 4 days 
after the September 11 attacks, Mr. Clarke expressed alarm that ``when 
the era of national unity begins to crack'' an effort to assign 
responsibility for the 9/11 attacks will begin.
  Mr. Clarke, in the e-mail, then proceeds to lay out in detail a 
defense of his own personal actions before the attack and those of the 
entire administration, all of that spelled out in the e-mail.
  Mr. Clarke clearly, when we look at his e-mail, was consumed by the 
desire to dodge any blame for the 9/11 attacks; while at the very same 
moment rescuers were still searching the rubble at the site of the 
World Trade Center looking for survivors, he was looking for some way 
to dodge blame for himself. In my mind, this offers some insight, maybe 
even perfect insight, as to what drove him to write his book.
  The second point, in August 2002, the interview I read, Mr. Clarke 
gave a thorough account of the Bush administration's very proactive 
policy against al-Qaida. When presented with that interview, Mr. Clarke 
tries to explain away that media performance, the interview itself, by 
suggesting, well, I just gave the interview in that way as a loyal 
servant to the administration.
  A loyal administration official? Does Mr. Clarke understand the 
gravity of the issues this body, we in the Congress, the United States, 
is facing as we review through that 9/11 Commission the gravity of the 
charges that have been made by him?
  If in the summer of 2001 he saw the threat from al-Qaida as grave as 
he now says it was, and if he found the response of the administration 
so inadequate, as he now says it was, why did he wait until Sunday, 
March 21 of 2004 to make his concerns known? It simply does not make 
sense.
  There is not a single public record of Mr. Clarke making any 
objection whatsoever in the period leading up to or following the 9/11 
attacks. There is nothing in the public record. There is no threat from 
him to resign. There is no public protest. There is no plea to the 
President, to the Congress, to the public to heed the advice he now 
says was ignored.
  If Mr. Clarke held his tongue because he was loyal, then shame on him 
for putting policies above principle, but if he is manufacturing these 
charges for some sort of personal profit or some sort of political 
gain, he is a shame to this Government. Fortunately, I have not had the 
opportunity to work with such an individual who would write solicitous 
and self-defending e-mails to his supervisor, the national security 
adviser, and then by his own admission lie to the press out of some 
self-conceived notion of loyalty, to reverse himself on all accounts 
for the sale of a book, a book which obviously is very popular. It is 
selling now as I speak.
  The third point I would like to make is Mr. Clarke told two entirely 
different stories under oath. In July 2002, in front of the 
congressional joint inquiry on the September 11 attacks, Mr. Clarke 
said under oath the administration actively sought to address the 
threat posed by al-Qaida during its first 7 months in office.
  It is one thing for Mr. Clarke to dissemble in front of the media, in 
front of the press, but if he lied under oath to the Congress, it is a 
far more serious matter. As I mentioned, the Intelligence Committee is 
seeking to have Mr. Clarke's previous testimony declassified so as to 
permit an examination of Mr. Clarke on the two differing accounts. 
Loyalty to any administration will be no defense if it is found he has 
lied before Congress.
  Fourth, notwithstanding Mr. Clarke's efforts to use his book first 
and foremost to redirect, to shift blame, to shift attention from 
himself,

[[Page 5378]]

it is also clear Mr. Clarke and his publisher did adjust the release 
date of his book in order to make maximum gain from the publicity 
around the 9/11 hearings.
  Assuming the controversy around this series of events does, in fact, 
drive the sales of his book, Mr. Clarke will make a lot of money for 
exactly what he has done.
  I personally find this to be an appalling act of profiteering, of 
trading on insider access to highly classified information and 
capitalizing upon the tragedy that befell this Nation on September 11, 
2001.
  Mr. Clarke must renounce any plan to personally profit from this 
book.
  Finally, it is understandable why some of the families who lost loved 
ones on that tragic and horrible day, September 11, find Mr. Clarke's 
performance this week appealing. The simple answers to a terrible 
tragedy, to the very human desire to find an answer of why, to help 
explain why on that beautiful fall day 2\1/2\ years ago a series of 
events shattered their lives forever.
  In his appearance before the 9/11 Commission, Mr. Clarke's theatrical 
apology on behalf of the Nation was not his right, was not his 
privilege, and was not his responsibility. In my view, it was not an 
act of humility but it was an act of arrogance and manipulation.
  Mr. Clarke can and will answer for his own conduct, but that is all. 
Regardless of Mr. Clarke's motive or what he says or implies in his new 
book, the fact remains this terrible attack was not caused by the 
Government of the United States of America. No administration was 
responsible for the attack. Our Nation did not invite the attack. The 
attack on 9/11 was the evil design of a determined and hate-filled few 
who slipped through the defenses of a nation, a nation that treasures 
its freedoms, that treasures its openness, that treasures its 
convenience. That our defenses failed is cause enough to review the 
sequence of events leading up to that awful day, and we must and will 
understand how to do better, balancing our determination to protect our 
Nation with that equal resolve to protect our liberties.
  The answer to Mr. Clarke's--and I clearly feel they are self-
serving--charges is that, in fact, we all bear that responsibility, and 
we recognize that. Every one of us who served in Government before and 
at the time of the 9/11 attacks also has the responsibility to do our 
best to avoid such tragedy in the future. If we are to learn lasting 
lessons from the examination of the 9/11 attacks, it must be toward 
this end, not an exercise in finger pointing, not an exercise in blame 
shifting, not an exercise in political score settling.

                               Exhibit 1

              Transcript: Clarke Praises Bush Team in '02

       (Washington.--The following transcript documents a 
     background briefing in early August 2002 by President Bush's 
     former counterterrorism coordinator Richard A. Clarke to a 
     handful of reporters, including Fox News' Jim Angle. In the 
     conversation, cleared by the White House on Wednesday for 
     distribution, Clarke describes the handover of intelligence 
     from the Clinton administration to the Bush administration 
     and the latter's decision to revise the U.S. approach to Al 
     Qaeda. Clarke was named special adviser to the president for 
     cyberspace security in October 2001. He resigned from his 
     post in January 2003.)
       Richard Clarke. Actually, I've got about seven points, let 
     me just go through them quickly. Um, the first point, I think 
     the overall point is, there was no plan on Al Qaeda that was 
     passed from the Clinton administration to the Bush 
     Administration.
       Second point is that the Clinton administration had a 
     strategy in place, effectively dating from 1998. And there 
     were a number of issues on the table since 1998. And they 
     remained on the table when that administration went out of 
     office--issues like aiding the Northern Alliance in 
     Afghanistan, changing our Pakistan policy--uh, changing our 
     policy toward Uzbekistan. And in January 2001, the incoming 
     Bush administration was briefed on the existing strategy. 
     They were also briefed on these series of issues that had not 
     been decided on in a couple of years.
       And the third point is the Bush administration decided 
     then, you know, in late January, to do two things. One, 
     vigorously pursue the existing policy, including all of the 
     lethal covert action findings, which we've now made public to 
     some extent.
       And the point is, while this big review was going on, there 
     were still in effect, the lethal findings were still in 
     effect. The second thing the administration decided to do is 
     to initiate a process to look at those issues which had been 
     on the table for a couple of years and get them decided.
       So, point five, that process which was initiated in the 
     first week in February, uh, decided in principle, uh in the 
     spring to add to the existing Clinton strategy and to in 
     crease CIA resources, for example, for covert action, five-
     fold, to go after Al Qaeda.
       The sixth point, the newly-appointed deputies--and you had 
     to remember, the deputies didn't get into office until late 
     Mach, early April. The deputies then tasked the development 
     of the implementation details, uh, of these new decisions 
     that they were endorsing, and sending out to the principals.
       Over the course of the summer--last point--they developed 
     implementation details, the principals met at the end of the 
     summer, approved them in their first meeting, changed the 
     strategy by authorizing the increase in funding five-fold, 
     changing the policy on Pakistan, changing the policy on 
     Uzbekistan, changing the policy on the Northern Alliance 
     assistance.
       And then changed the strategy from one of rollback with Al 
     Qaeda over the course of five years, which it had been, to a 
     new strategy that called for the rapid elimination of Al 
     Qaeda. That is in fact the timeline.
       Question. When was that presented to the president?
       Clarke. Well, the president was briefed throughout this 
     process.
       Question. But when was the final September 4 document? 
     (Interrupted.) Was that presented to the president?
       Clarke. The document went to the president on September 10, 
     I think.
       Question. What is your response to the suggestion in the 
     [Aug. 12, 2002] Time [magazine] article that the Bush 
     administration was unwilling to take on board the suggestion 
     made in the Clinton administration because of animus against 
     the--general animus against the foreign policy?
       Clarke. I think if there was a general animus that clouded 
     their vision, they might not have kept the same guy dealing 
     with terrorism issue. This is the one issue where the 
     National Security Council leadership decided continuity was 
     important and kept the same guy around, the same team in 
     place. That doesn't sound like animus against uh the previous 
     team to me.
       Jim Angle. You're saying that the Bush administration did 
     not stop anything that the Clinton administration was doing 
     while it was making these decisions, and by the end of the 
     summer had increased money for covert action five-fold. Is 
     that correct?
       Clarke. All of that's correct.
       Angle. OK.
       Question. Are you saying now that there was not only a plan 
     per se, presented by the transition team, but that it was 
     nothing proactive that they had suggested?
       Clarke. Well, what I'm saying is, there are two things 
     presented. One, what the existing strategy had been. And two, 
     a series of issues--like aiding the Northern Alliance, 
     changing Pakistan policy, changing Uzbek policy--that they 
     had been unable to come to um, any new conclusions, um, from 
     '98 on.
       Question. Was all of that from '98 on or was some of it----
       Clarke. All of those issues were on the table from '98 on.
       Angle. When in '98 were those presented?
       Clarke. In October of '98.
       Question. In response to the Embassy bombing?
       Clarke. Right, which was in September.
       Question. Were all of those issues part of alleged plan 
     that was late December and the Clinton team decided not to 
     pursue because it was too close to----
       Clarke. There was never a plan, Andrea. What there was was 
     these two things: One, a description of the existing 
     strategy, which included a description of the threat. And 
     two, those things which had been looked at over the course of 
     two years, and which were still on the table.
       Question. So there was nothing that developed, no documents 
     or new plan of any sort?
       Clarke. There was no new plan.
       Question. No new strategy--I mean, I don't want to get into 
     a semantics----
       Clarke. Plan, strategy--there was no, nothing new.
       Question. 'Til late December, developing----
       Clarke. What happened at the end of December was that the 
     Clinton administration NSC principles committee met and once 
     again looked at the strategy, and once again looked at the 
     issues that they had brought, decided in the past to add to 
     the strategy. But they did not at that point make any 
     recommendations.
       Question. Had those issues evolved at all from October of 
     '98 'til December of 2000?
       Clarke. Had they evolved? Um, not appreciably.
       Angle. What was the problem? Why was it so difficult for 
     the Clinton administration to make decisions on those issues?
       Clarke. Because they were tough issues. You know, take, for 
     example, aiding the Northern Alliance. Um, people in the 
     Northern Alliance had a, sort of bad track record.

[[Page 5379]]

     There were questions about the government, there were 
     questions about drug-running, there was questions about 
     whether or not in fact they would use the additional aid to 
     go after Al Qaeda or not. Uh, and how would you stage a major 
     new push in Uzbekistan or somebody else or Pakistan to 
     cooperate?
       One of the big problems was that Pakistan at the time was 
     aiding the other side, was aiding the Taliban. And so, this 
     would put, if we started aiding the Northern Alliance against 
     the Taliban, this would have put us directly in opposition to 
     the Pakistani government. These are not easy decisions.
       Angle. And none of that really changed until we were 
     attacked and then it was----
       Clarke. No, that's not true. In the spring, the Bush 
     administration changed--began to change Pakistani policy, um, 
     by a dialogue that said we would be willing to lift 
     sanctions. So we began to offer carrots, which made it 
     possible for the Pakistanis, I think, to begin to realize 
     that they could go down another path, which was to join us 
     and to break away from the Taliban. So that's really how it 
     started.
       Question. Had the Clinton administration in any of its work 
     on this issue, in any of the findings or anything else, 
     prepared for a call for the use of ground forces, special 
     operations forces in any way? What did the Bush 
     administration do with that if they had?
       Clarke. There was never a plan in the Clinton 
     administration to use ground forces. The military was asked 
     at a couple of points in the Clinton administration to think 
     about it. Um, and they always came back and said it was not a 
     good idea. There was never a plan to do that.
       (Break in briefing details as reporters and Clarke go back 
     and forth on how to source quotes from this backgrounder.)
       Angle. So, just to finish up if we could then, so what 
     you're saying is that there was no--one, there was no plan; 
     two, there was no delay; and that actually the first changes 
     since October of '98 were made in the spring months just 
     after the administration came into office?
       Clarke. You got it. That's right.
       Question. It was not put into an action plan until 
     September 4, signed off by the principals?
       Clarke. That's right.
       Question. I want to add though, that NSPD--the actual work 
     on it began in early April.
       Clarke. There was a lot of in the first three NSPDs that 
     were being worked in parallel.
       Angle. Now the five-fold increase for the money in covert 
     operations against Al Qaeda--did that actually go into effect 
     when it was decided or was that a decision that happened in 
     the next budget year or something?
       Clarke. Well, it was gonna go into effect in October, which 
     was the next budget year, so it was a month away.
       Question. That actually got into the intelligence budget?
       Clarke. Yes it did.
       Question. Just to clarify, did that come up in April or 
     later?
       Clarke. No, it came up in April and it was approved in 
     principle and then went through the summer. And you know, the 
     other thing to bear in mind is the shift from the rollback 
     strategy to the elimination strategy. When President Bush 
     told us in March to stop swatting at flies and just solve 
     this problem, then that was the strategic direction that 
     changed the NSPD from one of rollback to one of elimination.
       Question. Well can you clarify something? I've been told 
     that he gave that direction at the end of May. Is that not 
     correct?
       Clarke. No, it was March.
       Question. The elimination of Al Qaeda, get back to ground 
     troops--now we haven't completely done that even with a 
     substantial number of ground troops in Afghanistan. Was 
     there, was the Bush administration contemplating without the 
     provocation of September 11th moving troops into Afghanistan 
     prior to that to go after Al Qaeda?
       Clarke. I can not try to speculate on that point. I don't 
     know what we would have done.
       Question. In you judgment, is it possible to eliminate Al 
     Qaeda without putting troops on the ground?
       Clarke. Uh, yeah, I think it was. If we'd had Pakistani, 
     Uzbek and Northern Alliance assistance.

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