[Congressional Record (Bound Edition), Volume 148 (2002), Part 3]
[House]
[Pages 3513-3518]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office, www.gpo.gov]




                         GREEK INDEPENDENCE DAY

  The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mrs. Jo Ann Davis of Virginia). Under a 
previous order of the House, the gentlewoman from New York (Mrs. 
Maloney) is recognized for 5 minutes.
  Mrs. MALONEY of New York. Madam Speaker, I rise also today with my 
colleague, the gentleman from Florida (Mr. Bilirakis), the co-chair of 
the Hellenic Caucus, which I chair with him, to recognize the Hellenic 
Americans and their heritage and their tremendous contribution to our 
country and really to the world.
  The ancient state of Greece inspired our country in so many ways, 
from the architecture, the design of the very building in which we are 
residing right now, to the design of our government; and today we pay 
tribute to Greece's declaration of independence from the Ottoman Empire 
on March 25. In 2002 it will be the 181st anniversary.
  History tells us that in 1821 Greece rose up in a bloody revolt 
against the repressive might of the Ottoman Empire. Determined to end 
400 years of slavery or die in the attempt, Greek patriots began their 
unyielding struggle for liberty and independence.
  The legend says that on March 21, 1821, Bishop Germanos of Patras 
hoisted the Greek flag at the monastery of Agia Lavra in the 
Peloponnese in an act of defiance that marked the beginning of the war 
of independence.
  At a time when we in the United States are fighting to preserve our 
democracy from terrorists, I find a great deal of significance in our 
firemen raising the American flag at the World Trade Center after the 
attack on September 11. That act symbolized our war for democracy and 
freedom, as did the flag at Agia Lavra many years ago.
  To honor Greek Independence Day and honor the victims and heroes of 
September 11, the Federation of Hellenic Societies of New York is 
sponsoring the annual Greek Independence Day Parade for New York City. 
As many of my colleagues know, New York City is the home of the largest 
Hellenic population outside of Greece and Cyprus.
  I would now like to place in the Record the members of the board of 
directors, the officers, all of whom are organizing this important 
tribute.

       The members of the Board of Directors are:
       Bill Stathakos, President; Demos Siokis, 1st Vice 
     President; Peter Michaleas, 2nd Vice President; Demetrius 
     Kalamaras, 3rd Vice President; Demetrios Demetriou, General 
     Secretary; Demetrios Katchulis, 1st Ass't. Secretary; Chris 
     Orfanakos, 2nd Ass't Secretary; Elias Tsekerides, Treasurer; 
     George Kalivas Ass't Treasurer; Ekaterine Livanis, Public 
     Relations.
       Andreas Savva; Antonios Fokas; Avgitides Anastasios; 
     Christos Gousis; Demosthenes Triantaffylou; Ektor 
     Polykandriotis; Eleftherios Avramidis; Jhon Zapantis; Maria 
     Kalas; Paul Hatzikyriakos; Stelios Manis; Legal Advisors; 
     Gregory Sioris and Attorney at Law, Katerine Nikiforou, 
     Esquire.

  This year, the board has elected the grand marshals for the parade. 
They will be from both sides of the ocean, representing the strong bond 
and friendship between Greece and the United States. From the U.S. Alax 
Spanos and Denise Mehiel; and from Greece, Apostolos Kakkomanis and 
Dora Kakoyiani. Ms. Kakoyiani was a victim of a terrorist who 
assassinated her husband. These outstanding individuals will lead the 
parade to symbolize that no terrorist can extinguish the light of 
democracy and freedom.
  As the representative of the 14th Congressional District, where a 
large number of my constituents are of Hellenic descent, I have often 
had the opportunity to speak with them about the victims and heroes of 
1821. Today, we speak also about the heroes and victims of 2001.
  The Hellenic community, as every community in New York and worldwide, 
was hit heavily by the travesty of September 11. Those of Hellenic 
decent that were lost that day were: Ioanna Ahladiotis; Anastasios-
Ernestos Alikakos; Katerina Bandis; Peter Brennan, a firefighter; John 
Catsimatides; Thomas A. Damaskinos; Anthony Demas; Gus Economou; 
Michael Eleferis, also a firefighter; Anna Fosteris; Kenneth Grouzalis; 
Steve Hagis; Bill Haramis; Nick John; Steve Kokinos; Danielle 
Kousoulis; James Maounis; George Merkouris; Peter-Constantios Moutos; 
James Papageorge; George Paris; Theodoros Pigis; Daphni Pouletsos; 
Richard Poulos; Tony Savvas; Muriel Siskopoulos; Timothy P. Soulas; 
Andreas Stergiiopoulos; Michael Tarrou; Michael Theodoridis; William 
Tselepis; Jennifer Tzemis; Steve Zannettos; Gus Zavvos; Steve Savvas, 
from the New York Police Department; and Prokopios Paul Zios. These 
victims are the patriots. They gave their lives on that terrible attack 
against our country and our democracy.
  The members of the fire department, police department, port authority 
and military will continue to lead this war and to protect us on the 
homeland and abroad.
  On this day of independence and strong bond with Greece, the Hellenic 
and Philhellenic community remember that the future has much to offer: 
the Olympics in Greece and New York; the efforts of the Hellenic Caucus 
to seek a peaceful understanding with Turkey on the issues of the Greek 
Islands and Cyprus occupation.
  On this day of Greek independence, let us remember the words of 
Plato: ``Democracy is a charming form of government, full of variety 
and disorder, and dispensing a kind of equality to equals and unequals 
alike.''
  I ask the Members of the Congress to rise with me and pay tribute to 
the heroes of 1821 and 2001. We will not forget you.
  Zeto E Eleftheria. Se Ollo to Kosmo.
  Mr. GILLMAN. Madam Speaker, I am pleased to rise in support of the 
celebration of Greek independence, and I thank our colleagues, the 
gentleman from Florida, Mr. Bilirakis and the gentlelady from New York, 
Mrs. Maloney, who have once again shown great leadership in their 
efforts to organize this special order for Greek Independence Day.
  Since the people of Greece declared their independence on March 25, 
1821, the people of the United States and Greece have enjoyed

[[Page 3514]]

close relations, and generations of Greek immigrants have helped to 
strengthen and enrich the relations between our two nations. However, 
our mutual devotion to democratic ideals is rooted deep in history. 
Some 2,500 years ago, ancient Greek city-states helped to plant the 
seeds of democratic thought among men. The admiration that our Founding 
Fathers had for those very ideals are evident in our own Constitution, 
and in the letters our Founding Fathers exchanged with one another in 
charting the course for American democracy.
  Since the rebirth of a democratic Greece in 1974, a vibrant Greek 
democracy serves once again as an inspiration to its neighbors and the 
world. Our two Nations continue to stand together as friends and allies 
in a region of the world beset by strife and hardship.
  Accordingly, I wish to thank the people of Greece for their continued 
friendship, and I invite my colleagues to join me in honoring the 
Nation of Greece on the 181st anniversary of its independence.
  Mr. VISCLOSKY. Madam Speaker, I join my colleagues today to recognize 
the 181st anniversary of Greek Independence Day. As the U.S. 
Representative of a region with over 5,000 people of Greek descent, I 
know that this important event will be joyously celebrated throughout 
Northwest Indiana.
  I would like to honor not only this important day in Greek history, 
but the strong and unique relationship that exists today between the 
United States and Greece. The development of modern democracy has its 
roots in ancient Athens. The writings of Plato, Aristotle, Cicero and 
others were the first to espouse the basic tends of a government of the 
people and by the people. While these ideals were not always followed 
in ancient Greece, these writings provided a roadmap for later 
governments in their attempts to establish democracy in their 
countries.
  The Founding Fathers of the United States were particularly 
influenced by the writings of the ancient Greeks on democracy. A 
careful reading of ``The Federalist Papers'' reveals the significant 
role the early Greeks played in the formation of our government. Thomas 
Jefferson called upon his studies of the Greek tradition of democracy 
when he drafted the Declaration of Independence, espousing the ideals 
of a government representative of and accountable to the people. 
Decades later, these ideas were a catalyst in the Greek uprising and 
successful independence movement against the Ottoman Empire--the event 
we celebrate today.
  On March 25, 1821, the Archbishop of Patros blessed the Greek flag at 
the Aghia Laura monastery, marking the proclamation of Greek 
independence. It took 11 years for the Greeks to finally defeat the 
Ottomans and gain their true independence. After this long struggle 
against an oppressive regime, Greece returned to the democratic ideals 
that its ancestors had developed centuries before.
  Today, the United States' relationship with Greece is as strong as 
ever. Greece has been our ardent supporter in every major international 
conflict of this century, and they play an important role in the North 
Atlantic Treaty Organization and the European Union. Greece has also 
been a key participant in the United Nations peacekeeping force in 
Bosnia, providing troops and supplies. In turn, the United States has 
worked to attain a peaceful settlement to the conflict in Cyprus, the 
island nation that was brutally invaded by Turkey in 1974.
  Madam Speaker, I would thank our colleagues, Mr. Bilirakis and Mrs. 
Maloney, for organizing this Special Order, and I join all of our House 
colleagues in recognizing Greek Independence Day. I salute the spirit 
of democracy and family that distinguish the Greek people, as well as 
their courage in breaking the bonds of oppression 178 years ago. I look 
forward to many more years of cooperation and friendship between our 
two nations.
  Ms. PELOSI. Madam Speaker, I rise today to commemorate the 181st 
anniversary of Greek Independence Day, and I thank my colleagues, Mr. 
Bilirakis, and Mrs. Maloney, for their leadership on Greek-American 
issues and for organizing today's tribute.
  Greece has long held a special place in the hearts and minds of 
Americans. From the architecture of this building to the design of our 
government, we are indebted to the best ideas of the Greeks. They 
brought us a rational explanation for the universe, provided the basis 
for Western medical science, and laid the foundation of Western 
philosophy on which our country is built. As Thomas Jefferson 
acknowledged, ``to the ancient Greeks, we are indebted for the light 
which led ourselves out of Gothic darkness.''
  As the ancient state was an inspiration to the United States, the 
modern state of Greece is a trusted friend. From the first World War to 
the current struggle against terrorism, Greece and the United States 
have fought side by side for the principles of liberty and self-
determination the ancient Greeks set forth so eloquently. A valued 
member of NATO, Greece today is a thriving democracy that Aristotle 
would recognize and of which he would be proud.
  But it almost wasn't this way. For nearly 400 years, the land that 
gave the world democracy lived under tyranny. Between 1453 and 1821, as 
part of the Ottoman Empire, the Greek people lived without freedom of 
religion, access to education, or representative government. Surrounded 
by the ruins of their noble heritage, however, they never lost their 
identity as a free people. On March 25, 1821, drawing inspiration from 
our own struggle for independence, the revolution against the 
oppressive Ottoman rule began. The revolution succeeded, and a free, 
democratic nation was reborn.
  Here in the United States we are blessed by the presence of many 
Greek-Americans. In San Francisco, the Greek-American community is a 
vibrant part of our wonderful diversity. From the daily contributions 
of thousands of hardworking citizens to the leadership of former Mayors 
George Christopher and Art Agnos, Greek-Americans have enriched San 
Francisco and our nation.
  After enjoying the recent Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City, the 
world now turns its attention to the 2004 summer games to be held in 
Athens, Greece. The 108th anniversary of the modern Olympics will be 
held where the games were born some 3,000 years ago. The innovations of 
ancient Greece continue to light our world, and modern Greece, our 
friend and ally, continues to uphold its legacy.
  It is my honor, as a member of the Congressional Caucus on Hellenic 
Issues, to join my colleagues in celebrating Greek Independence Day.
  Mr. McGOVERN. Madam Speaker, I am proud to be able to participate in 
honoring 181 years of Greek Freedom and Independence. I want to express 
my appreciation to Congressman Bilirakis and Congresswoman Maloney for 
their leadership on Greece and Cyprus and for keeping all Members 
informed and educated on Hellenic issues.
  While there is much to celebrate this year about Greece--its strong 
and growing economy, its role in the European Union, and the 
preparations for the 2004 Summmer Olympics--I most want to mention the 
clear and unwavering support that Greece has given to the international 
campaign against terrorism.
  In his address to the U.N. General Assembly on November 13, 2001, 
Foreign Minister George Papandreou called for the abandonment of 
rivalries and a new spirit of international cooperation in a ``common 
fight for humanity'' against terrorism. Mr. Papandreou went on to 
describe a global community engaged in issues and programs that are 
very near and dear to my own heart, calling on nations to reach beyond 
their borders to alleviate disease and starvation, to oppose sex, 
religious and racial discrimination, to protect the environment, to 
include the poor in the benefits of development, and to provide equal 
educational opportunities.
  Greece has known the scourge of terrorism and has long fought a 
battle against domestic and international terrorist groups. Now Greece 
is a full partner in the international war against terrorism. It has 
provided the United States the use of its airspace, air bases and naval 
facilities on Crete, as well as intelligence sharing and investigation 
of suspect bank accounts that may be linked to terrorist activities 
worldwide. In addition, Greece has sent several C-130 planes with food 
and other needed supplies for Afghan refugees, offered to send 
peacekeeping troops to Afghanistan, and is working with the 
international community in the development of post-conflict development 
priorities for Afghanistan.
  Greece has long been a crossroads for many cultures. As such, we have 
much to learn from Greece about diversity, tolerance, democratic 
inclusion, and how to create a genuine multicultural society that 
honors its past and looks forward to the challenges of the future.
  I am proud to be able to honor Greece on 181 years of freedom and 
independence.
  Mr. LANTOS. Madam Speaker, as we approach Greek Independence Day, it 
is a great honor for me to pay tribute ton one of the United States' 
most important allies and one which is held in such deep affection by 
millions and millions of Americans.
  Western civilization as we know it today owes the deepest debt and, 
indeed, its very origins, to the Greek nation. Greek philosophy, 
sculpture, and theater set standards to which today's practitioners 
still aspire. And, as the cradle of democracy, Athens is the spiritual 
ancestor of our own Republic. The history of Greek independence is one 
of the inspiring stories of our time. It is the tale of the revival of 
an ancient and great people through sheer

[[Page 3515]]

commitment, sacrifice, and love of freedom and heritage. Transmitted 
through the generations, the ideals of the ancient Greeks inspired 
their revolutionary descendants in the nineteenth century, and great 
and gallant stalwarts of the War of Independence such as Theodore 
Kolokotronis and Rigas Velestinlis wrote of their belief in the rights 
of man.
  The histories of the United States and Greece have been intimately 
intertwined ever since the beginning of modern Greek sovereignty. The 
cause of Greek independence evoked sympathy throughout the Western 
world. Well known is Lord Byron, whose uncompromising commitment to 
Greece was epitomized by his declaration ``In for a penny, in for a 
pound.'' Less renowned but no less committed were the many American 
Philhellenes, who repaid their debt to Greek culture by crossing the 
ocean to fight for Greek liberation. I am pleased that these American 
citizens were honored with a monument in Athens 2 years ago.
  Greek citizens also crossed the ocean in the other direction, 
emigrating to the United States, where they enjoyed great success and 
shared their prosperity with their kinfolk in their original homeland. 
They have served as a bridge of understanding between our two nations, 
and they have refreshed America with their spirit, their patriotism, 
and their hard work. Today, some five million Americans claim Greek 
ancestry, with understandable pride.
  Greece is one of less than a handful of nations which has stood 
shoulder-to-shoulder with the United States in every major war of the 
20th century. Our close relations became even closer after World War 
II. The Truman Doctrine helped save Greece from communism, indeed 
helped save it for the Western world, and the Marshall plan helped in 
its economic regeneration. In 1952, Greece joined NATO, formalizing the 
deep, mutual commitment of Greece and the rest of the Western world to 
protecting freedom.
  In more recent times, Greece has been one of the world's amazing 
success stories. A full-fledged member of the European Union for two 
decades, Greece has become increasingly prosperous; it has whipped 
chronic inflation and qualified to join the ``Euro currency zone.'' Its 
once unsettled domestic politics has long since given way to an 
incontestably stable, yet colorful, democracy.
  Greece remains our critical strategic partner in today's post-cold 
war world. We cooperate closely in promoting peace and stability in the 
Balkans. Economic ties with Greece are vital to virtually every Balkan 
state. Athens has been a firm supporter of inter-communal talks in 
Cyprus, and it remains committed to a just, lasting, and democratic 
settlement of the Cyprus issue. And I'm sure everybody in this body 
applauds Greece's historic and courageous effort to resolve differences 
with its neighbor Turkey.
  Madam Speaker, I congratulate the Greek people on the 181st 
anniversary of their independence and I join my colleagues in thanking 
them for their vast contributions to world civilization and especially 
to our Nation.
  Ms. ROS-LEHTINEN. Madam Speaker, it is an honor today to join my 
colleagues, Representatives Bilirakis and Maloney in celebrating Greek 
Independence Day.
  Much like the ruins of ancient Greece, the traditions and thoughts 
this society brought to the world are still standing. On this day which 
marks Greece's Independence, we celebrate the spirit of liberty and 
self-determination as manifested in 1821 when Greece began a 7 year 
struggle against the Ottoman empire, which led to the restoration of 
democracy to the land of Aristotle and Plato.
  Madam Speaker, as the first Olympic flame ignited in ancient Greece 
spread the spirit of sportsmanship and friendship around the world for 
centuries to come, Greece gave the world the tool with which to create 
a more just and peaceful society that continues to spread across the 
globe today--democracy. Hence, as the Olympic flame makes its way back 
to Athens in 2004, we celebrate today, that 181 years ago, democracy 
was returned to its birthplace continuing to make Greece a pillar of 
liberty and civility for the world to look onto.
  The tenants of rule of law, due process, and civil liberties were 
philosophical notions in ancient society, which the modern world took, 
developed and solidified in legal customs and traditions creating a 
safer world for the oppressed. Artistotle spoke of democracy and said, 
``If liberty and equality are chiefly to be found in democracy, they 
will be best attained when all persons alike share in the government to 
the utmost.'' It is this legacy of democracy which our forefathers 
emulated for our young republic in its founding days.
  It is not surprising to see an ever stronger partnership between the 
United States and Greece in forging a commitment to democracy and 
respect for every individual's inherent right to freedom around the 
world. Greece was a strong ally of this country during World War II and 
is a continual friend in NATO. Today, as the world once again joins 
together to fight terror and oppression, the country of Greece has made 
valuable contributions in terms of personnel and technical support for 
his global effort.
  Greece's commitment to peace and stability in the Aegean region can 
be further noted through the continual leadership it has displayed in 
helping shepherd along the current talks taking place in Cyprus.
  Madam Speaker, the democratic heritage shared by the United States 
and Greece make them formidable allies in the defense of democracy 
around the world. It is with great joy that I stand here today and join 
the Greek Community in celebrating their Day of Independence.
  Mr. COYNE. Madam Speaker, I rise today to join in this special order 
commemorating Greek Independence Day.
  At the time of the American Revolution, most of Greece was part of 
the Ottoman Empire. At that time, Greece had been under Ottoman rule 
for 400 years. Some Greeks held positions in the Ottoman government, 
and Greek merchants throughout the empire were active and successful, 
but the Greek people were unwilling subjects of the Ottomans. Greek 
Orthodox Christians were a religious minority within the empire, and 
were subject to discrimination on that basis. Moreover, the Ottoman 
Empire had begun the long, slow period of decline that would end in its 
disintegration in the wake of World War I. The Ottoman government was 
becoming increasingly characterized by corruption and violent 
oppression.
  In the late 1700s and early 1800s, the Greek people developed a 
national identity. Many Greeks began to come into greater contact with 
Western Europeans, and through these contacts they gained exposure to 
the ideas of liberty and self-government that had been developed in 
ancient Greece and revived in modern times by the French and American 
revolutions. The development of a vision of an independent Greek nation 
at that time was due in no small part to the interaction of these 
radical ideas with the increasing depredations of the Ottoman 
government.
  In March of 1821, Greek patriots rebelled against the Ottomans. The 
rebellion lasted for eight tumultuous years, but the Greek people 
persevered in their uphill struggle.
  The Greeks' heroic struggle inspired support from people in Western 
Europe and the United States. Many people in these countries developed 
an interest in Greek culture, architecture, and history. Europeans and 
Americans identified with the Greek people because of the ancient 
Greece's legacy as the cradle of democracy. A number of private 
citizens like Lord Byron were so inspired by the Greeks' fight for 
freedom that they actually traveled to Greece and risked their lives to 
support this revolution. Many of the people of Europe pressured their 
governments to intervene on the side of the Greeks, and as a result, in 
1826 Great Britain and Russia agreed to work to secure Greek 
independence. France allied itself with these states the following 
year. Foreign assistance helped turn the tide, and in 1829 the Ottoman 
Empire signed a treaty recognizing Greece as an autonomous state.
  Madam Speaker, it is important that we recognize the courage and 
heroism of these early Greek patriots, who fought and died for the same 
principles of freedom that inspired our forefathers to rebel against 
Great Britain. I am pleased to join our country's many Greek-American 
citizens in observing this very special day.
  Mr. SWEENEY. Madam Speaker, I rise in support of celebrating March 
25, 2002, as Greek Independence Day. The ancient Greeks developed the 
concept of democracy, in which the supreme power to govern was vested 
in the people. The Founding Fathers of the United States drew heavily 
on the political experience and philosophy of ancient Greece in forming 
our representative democracy.
  Greece is one of only three nations in the world, beyond the former 
British Empire, that has been allied with the United States in every 
major international conflict in the twentieth century. Greece played a 
major role in the World War II struggle to protect freedom and 
democracy through such bravery as was shown in the historic Battle of 
Crete and in Greece presenting the Axis land war with its first major 
setback, which set off a chain of events that significantly affected 
the outcome of World War II.
  Greece and the United States are at the forefront of the effort for 
freedom, democracy, peace, stability, and human rights. Those and other 
ideals have forged a close bond between our two nations and their 
peoples.
  March 25, 2001, marks the 180th anniversary of the beginning of the 
revolution that

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freed the Greek people from the Ottoman Empire and it is proper and 
desirable to celebrate with the Greek people and to reaffirm the 
democratic principles from which our two great nations were born.
  Mr. HOLT. Madam Speaker, today I rise to honor the Greek people and 
their successful struggle for independence from Ottoman occupation that 
began nearly 181 years ago. Greek Independence Day has special symbolic 
resonance for Americans. Our forefathers founded our democratic system 
of government on the principles of popular representation introduced to 
this world by the ancient Athenians.
  Our word democracy is, in fact, of Greek derivation and literally 
translates as people (``demo'') rule (``kratos''). The ancient Greek 
experiment with democracy, however, was a visionary aberration that was 
centuries ahead of its time. Democracy did not last long in Ancient 
Greece as the fist of empires--Romans, Byzantine, and Ottoman--silenced 
democratic yearnings for nearly two millennia.
  Although democracy temporarily disappeared, the Greeks continued to 
thrive and prosper. As the Roman Empire expanded in the early centuries 
after the birth of Christ, the Greek peoples dominated the eastern half 
of the Roman Empire, known as Byzantium, and it was in the Greek city 
of Constantinople where the Roman emperor Constantine converted himself 
and the entire Roman Empire to Christianty.
  Upon the fall of Rome in 476 AD, the Greek-led Byzantine Empire 
emerged as a potent force in the world and the protectorate of 
Christian Orthodoxy. The Greeks remained strong and independent until 
the Central Asian Ottomans crushed the Byzantine armies and conquered 
the spiritual capital of the Byzantine world at Constantinople in 1453.
  The victory of the Ottomans cast the Greek speaking peoples into more 
than 400 years of occupation. But even while under the yoke of Ottoman 
rule, the Greeks were an impressive force. As successful and educated 
merchants, they dominated the Ottoman middle class and were the 
backbone of the Ottoman economy.
  Still, the Greeks were not meant to be subject peoples and they began 
to oppose the imperial policies of the Ottoman government. Greeks, many 
of whom were educated in the universities of the West, began to adopt 
revolutionary ideas from France, Great Britain, and the United States. 
The concept of the nation-state, self-determination, and liberal 
democracy found their ways into the Greek villages and cities from 
Athens to Constantinople.
  On March 25, 1821, Greek patriots from the southern tip of the 
Peloponnese to the northern outskirts of Macedonia finally rebuked the 
yoke of the Ottomans and declared the independence of the Greek people 
from subjugation. At first, the Hellenic fighters met with violent 
failure, but their just cause ignited the imaginations of their people 
and of scores of Western philhellenes, such as the English poet Lord 
Byron, who left their homelands to fight and die with the Greeks for 
their liberation.
  The United States was never far from the minds of the revolutionary 
Greeks, nor was the struggle of the Greeks unnoticed by Americans. As 
Greek revolutionary commander Petros Mavromichalis, one of the founders 
of the modern Greek state, said to the citizens of the United States in 
1821, ``It is in your land that liberty has fixed her abode and . . . 
in imitating you, we shall imitate our ancestors and be thought worthy 
of them if we succeed in resembling you.''
  By 1833, the Greeks had secured independence and with it a place in 
history as the first of the subjugated peoples in Europe to overthrow 
their Ottoman masters.
  As the Greek nation developed and grew, it emerged as a stalwart ally 
of the United States. The Greek people fought alongside the American 
and Allied forces in both of the world wars of the twentieth century. 
The Greeks again took up arms against their Ottoman foes in the First 
World War and then handed the Axis powers their first defeat in World 
War II when the Greek army pushed back the forces of Mussolini. Soon 
after, however, they would suffer through a long and painful Nazi 
occupation.
  After World War II, Greece became an instrumental member of the NATO 
alliance. Greece's strategic location made it a vital buffer between 
the Western Democratic world and Soviet Communism.
  Over the last 30 years, Greece has made major strides forward for its 
people. In 1974, Konstantine Karamanlis finally restored democracy to 
Greece, bringing representative government back to its birthplace. 
Greece became a member of the European Community and then the powerful 
European Union.
  Today, Greece continues to move in the right direction thanks to the 
enlightened leadership of Prime Minister Costas Simitis. He and Foreign 
Minister George Papandreou are working with their Turkish counterparts 
to end generations of strained relations between Turkey and Greece. 
Economically, Greece is prospering and recently became a member of the 
European Monetary Union. In 2004, Greeks will display their successes 
to the world when they host the Olympics, another Greek invention, in 
Athens.
  Strategically, Greece remains important. It is a force of stability 
in the volatile Balkans where it continues to promote open markets and 
democracy. The Greek government is also united with the United States 
in its war on terrorism. Greece has sent a troop contingent to 
participate in the international force in Afghanistan and has allowed 
U.S. aircraft use of its airspace and its airbases.
  I cannot overstate the importance of strong ties between Greece and 
the United States. As an American citizen who believes firmly in the 
principles of democracy and as a representative of thousands of Greek-
Americans that live in Central New Jersey, I rise today in humble 
recognition of Greek Independence Day.
  Mr. KNOLLENBERG. Madam Speaker, I rise today to celebrate the 181st 
anniversary of Greek independence. One hundred and eighty one years 
ago, after nearly 400 years of oppression under the Ottoman Empire, the 
courage and commitment to freedom of the Greek people prevailed in a 
revolution for independence. It is an honor today to celebrate Greek 
Independence Day in the House of Representatives.
  Greece and the Greek people have made remarkable contributions to the 
United States and societies throughout the world. The achievements of 
Greek civilization in art, architecture, science, philosophy, 
mathematics, and literature have become legacies for nations across the 
globe. In addition, and most importantly, the Greek commitment to 
freedom and the birth of democracy remains an essential contribution 
for which we as Americans are eternally grateful.
  Greek civilization has inspired the American passion for truth, 
justice, and the rule of law by the will of the people. The forefathers 
or our Nation recognized the spirit and idealism of ancient Greece when 
fighting for American independence and drafting our Constitution. 
Forty-five years after our own revolution for independence, this 
tradition and commitment to freedom was carried forward by the Greek 
people through their successful revolutionary struggle for sovereignty.
  Greek Americans can take pride today in the contributions of Greek 
culture and in their ancestors' sacrifice. The effects of the vibrant 
Greek people can be witnessed throughout the United States in our 
government, culture, and economy, as well as in our commitment to 
freedom and democracy throughout the world. We, as Americans, are 
grateful for these gifts.
  Madam Speaker, it is important for us to recognize and celebrate this 
day together with Greece to reaffirm our common democratic heritage. I 
am proud to join in this celebration and offer my congratulations to 
Greece and Greeks throughout the world on this very special day.
  Mr. CROWLEY. Madam Speaker, it is with great pleasure that I offer my 
congratulations to the Hellenic Republic on the 181st anniversary of 
its independence from the Ottoman Empire.
  Two and a half millennia ago, Greek philosophers and politicians 
developed the democratic ideals that inspired our Founding Fathers and 
became the foundation for the American political system. Greek thinkers 
made discoveries that for thousands of years helped advance the world's 
knowledge of science, medicine, mathematics, and astronomy. Greek drama 
and poetry became the model, in many ways, for much of Western 
literature. The list of Greek contributions to world culture is 
endless.
  After freeing itself from foreign domination, including nearly 400 
years under Ottoman rule and occupation by Nazi Germany, Greece is once 
again a fierce proponent of freedom and democracy. It is a key NATO 
ally, a partner in the war against terrorism, a critical contributor to 
stability in the Balkans, and a participant in the International 
Security Assistance Force that is working to bring peace and stability 
to Afghanistan. Greek military observers and police serve in United 
Nations Peacekeeping missions on the Iraq-Kuwait border, on the 
Ethiopia-Eritrea border, and in Bosnia, Kosovo, and the Republic of 
Georgia. The democratic ideals of ancient Greece continue to thrive in 
the Hellenic Republic today.
  The 3 million Americans of Greek descent have made critical 
contributions to American business, culture, education, art, and 
politics and helped ensure the success of this great nation.
  Madam Speaker, my fellow colleagues, please join in congratulating 
the Greek government and our fellow Americans of Greek

[[Page 3517]]

heritage as they celebrate the 181st anniversary of Greek independence.
  Mr. ROTHMAN. Madam Speaker, I rise today to pay tribute to Greek 
Independence Day.
  In this year following the horrific terrorist attacks on our Nation, 
in which our democratic society has been challenged like never before, 
it is important that we join together and honor the ideals that embody 
Greek Independence Day. On this 181st anniversary of the decision by 
the Greek people to rise up against the Ottoman Empire and live freely, 
we celebrate democracy, a common bond that the United States shares 
with Greece.
  For the thousands of Greek-Americans that I represent, Greek 
Independence Day celebrates the sacrifice made by their family members, 
friends, and fellow countrymen. The decision by the Greeks to govern 
themselves was a courageous action, and we honor the spirit of those 
who lost their lives in this quest for freedom. This spirit will be on 
display for all the world to see when Athens hosts the Olympic Games in 
2004.
  During this celebration of Greek Independence, Congress memorializes 
the sacrifice of a generation of Greeks so that freedom and 
independence could be secured for the Greek people. America is involved 
in a similar struggle now. As we continue our struggle based on our 
love of democracy, freedom, rule of law, tolerance and justice, we draw 
strength and inspiration from the Greek people who shed blood and tears 
in their struggle for independence.
  Today, we honor the just cause that the Greek people fought for in 
1829, and I join my colleagues in recognition of this special 
anniversary and the strong U.S.-Greece relationship.
  Mr. ACKERMAN. Madam Speaker, I am honored to rise today to salute the 
nation of Greece and celebrate the 181st anniversary of Greek 
independence from the Ottoman Empire. This great day in Greek history 
commemorates the successful struggle of the Greek people for national 
sovereignty.
  The Ancient Greeks forged the notion of democracy, something for 
which the United States and the rest of the world will always be 
thankful. Indeed, we owe Greece the inspiration for our own democratic 
form of government. As Thomas Jefferson pointed out, Greece is ``the 
light which led ourselves out of Gothic darkness''. I think it is safe 
to say that the Founders of both Greece and the United States would be 
proud of the tremendous achievements of both nations.
  Throughout the past 181 years, there have been repeated challenges to 
the independence of Greece, yet its people have stridently fought to 
maintain both their democracy and their independence. The United States 
and its people have been proud to stand by her and provide strength, 
assistance and friendship to overcome those struggles. Greeks across 
the United States and throughout the world have much to celebrate on 
this great day of independence.
  Today, the United States shares many common threads with Greece, 
including commitments to democracy, peace and human rights. Greece has 
sent us her sons and daughters in past generations, helping us to build 
our proud nation. We will not forget the fierce resistance with which 
Greece opposed the Axis powers in World War Two, nor their equally 
staunch resistance to the expansion of communism in the war's immediate 
aftermath. Greece has been one of our strongest allies ever since. For 
nearly 5 decades now Greece has been a key NATO member, helping to 
stabilize its area of the Mediterranean. Since Greece and the United 
States share many interests and many values, the celebration of the 
181st Anniversary of Greek Independence gives us the opportunity to 
call for an even closer collaboration between both our countries.
  Madam Speaker, I am pleased to have this opportunity to celebrate 
once again Greek culture and to toast the Greek people. It is an honor 
to rise and commemorate the 181st Greek Independence Day. On this day 
we celebrate more than just Greece's independence, we celebrate Greece 
as a nation and as a friend.
  Mr. McNULTY. Madam Speaker, the American people join with the people 
of Greece in celebrating the 181st Anniversary of the revolution that 
freed the Greek people from the Ottoman Empire.
  The bedrock of our close relationship with Greece is our mutual 
devotion to freedom and democracy and our unshakable determination to 
fight, if need be, to protect these rights.
  Greek philosophers and political leaders--Cleisthenes and Pericles 
and their successors--had great influence upon America's Founding 
Fathers in their creation of these United States.
  We, as a nation, owe a great debt to Greece. Greece is the birthplace 
of democracy, as we know it.
  Thomas Jefferson said, ``To the ancient Greeks, we are all indebted 
for the light which led ourselves (American colonists) out of Gothic 
darkness.''
  The terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 were an attack on 
democracy and freedom--not just against our people, but also against 
all freedom-living people everywhere in the world. The Greek people 
understand this.
  I congratulate the people of Greece and wish them a Happy National 
Birthday.
  Mr. WOLF. Madam Speaker, I want to congratulate the Greek people on 
the 181st anniversary of Greek independence from the Ottoman Empire. 
The thoughts and ideas emanating from the Greek Isles have had a 
profound influence on the world. Ancient Greece's embrace of democracy, 
contributions in philosophy, spirit of athletic competition, and fierce 
adherence to freedom have shaped America in deep and significant ways. 
America would not be the country it is without the remarkable influence 
of Greece.
  Again, I congratulate the Greek people on their country's day of 
independence and hope for many, many years in which freedom and 
democracy reign throughout Greece.
  Ms. HARMAN. Madam Speaker, today, as Greece celebrates its 181st 
anniversary of its struggle for independence, I join my colleagues in 
congratulating the people of Greece and Greek-Americans, many of whom I 
am proud to call constituents.
  When we celebrate Greek Independence Day, we celebrate the fight for 
freedom. Ancient Greece was the world's first democracy. With modern 
Greece, it stands as an example to people around the world of 
overcoming tyranny.
  Since its war of independence, Greece has been a strong ally to the 
United States. In turn, the U.S. has opened its heart to multitudes of 
Greek immigrants. The contributions of the Greek community in the 
United States are immeasurable.
  The strong relationship between Greece and the United States is 
steeped in culture, history, and philosophy and remains of critical 
importance. Since September 11, Greece shared in our loss--21 of its 
citizens died at the World Trade Center--and has stepped up its efforts 
to combat terrorism at home and abroad. Equally important is Greece's 
membership in NATO, and its role in ensuring the security of Europe's 
southern flank.
  I remain committed to strengthening U.S.-Greek ties, and to working 
on issues of interest to the Greek American community, including a 
permanent solution in Cyprus.
  I thank my colleagues, Mr. Bilirakis, for organizing this special 
order to highlight the important contributions of Greece to our 
country.
  Mr. PAYNE. Madam Speaker, I rise today, as a member of the Human 
Rights Subcommittee, to join in commemorating the 181st Anniversary of 
the revolution that freed the Greek people from the Ottoman empire.
  I congratulate Greece on celebrating its 181st anniversary. The Greek 
people have much to be proud of.
  As a senior member of the International Relations Committee, I have 
long been involved in, and have followed issues affecting the Greek-
American community.
  I am aware that Greece achieved its independence from the Ottoman 
Empire in 1829.
  During the second half of the 19th century, and the first half of the 
20th century, it gradually added neighboring islands and territories 
with Greek-speaking populations.
  Following the defeat of communist rebels in 1949, Greece joined NATO 
in 1952. A military dictatorship, which in 1967 suspended many 
political liberties and forced the king to flee the country, lasted 
seven years.
  Democratic elections in 1974 and a referendum created a parliamentary 
republic, and abolished the monarchy.
  Greece joined the European Community or EC is 1981 (which became the 
EU in 1992).
  I originally introduced a bill in March 2000, calling for the return 
of the Parthenon Marbles to their rightful home in Greece.
  I am re-introducing that same bill tonight.
  Madam Speaker, I strongly urge my colleagues to join me in 
congratulating the Greek people in their celebration of democracy. Once 
again, congratulations on your 181st anniversary celebration!
  Mr. KIRK. Madam Speaker, I rise today to commemorate the 181st 
anniversary of the revolution that earned the independence of the Greek 
people from the Ottoman Empire. Nearly 400 years ago, after the fall of 
Constantinople, Bishop Germanos of Patras raised the Greek flag at Agia 
Lavras, sparking a powerful revolution against the Ottoman oppressors.
  Following the triumphs of 1821, Greece continued to prove itself as a 
loyal ally of the United States and an internationally recognized 
advocate of democracy. Greece is one

[[Page 3518]]

of only three nations in the world beyond those of the former British 
Empire to be allied with the United States in every major international 
conflict of the 20th century. In the Balkans, Greece has played a 
steady hand of democracy in the face of regional unrest and 
instability.
  Now, in the wake of September 11, Greece again stands firm with the 
United States. Our efforts in the war against terror would not be as 
successful without the continued assistance from our allies in Greece. 
Greece's role as a stable democracy and key NATO ally is critical as 
the international community fights against global terrorism.
  On this special occasion, I commend and thank the Greek people for 
their spirit and their ongoing pursuit of peace. To Greece, a free and 
democratic ally: ``Cronia polla hellas''.
  Mr. PALLONE. Madam Speaker, on March 25th, Greece celebrates its 
181st year of independence. I am here tonight to praise a society that 
represents, in a historical sense, the origins of what we call Western 
culture, and, in a contemporary sense, one of the staunchest defenders 
of Western society and values. There are many of us in Congress, on 
both sides of the spectrum, who are staunchly committed to preserving 
and strengthening the ties between Greek and American people. I would 
particularly like to thank the co-chairs of the Hellenic Caucus, 
Congressman Bilirakis from Florida, and Congresswoman Maloney from New 
York for their fine leadership and their tireless efforts to strengthen 
the ties between our two countries.
  Just two years after the Greek people began the revolution that would 
lead to their freedom, one of our predecessors in this Chamber, 
Massachusetts Congressman Daniel Webster, referring to the 400 years 
during which the Greeks were ruled by the Ottoman Empire, observed, 
``These Greek people, a people of intelligence, ingenuity, refinement, 
spirit, and enterprise, have been for centuries under the atrocious and 
unparalleled Tartarian barbarism that ever opposed the human race.''
  The words Congressman Webster chose then to describe the Greek 
people--intelligence, ingenuity, refinement, spirit, and enterprise--
are as apt today as they have ever been.
  In the years since, Americans and Greeks have grown ever closer, 
bound by ties of strategic and military alliance, common values of 
democracy, individual freedom, human rights, and close personal 
friendship.
  The qualities exhibited by the nation of Greece, Madam Speaker, are a 
reflection of the strong character and values of its individual 
citizens. The United States has been greatly enriched as many sons and 
daughters of Greece made a new life in America. They, and their 
children and grandchildren, have enriched our country in countless 
ways, contributing to our cultural, professional, commercial, academic, 
and political life.
  The timeless values of Greek culture have endured for centuries, 
indeed for millennia. As Daniel Webster noted, 400 years of control by 
the Ottoman Empire could not overcome the Greek people's determination 
to be free. But, I regret to say, Madam Speaker, to this day, the Greek 
people must battle against oppression. For almost 27 years now, Greece 
has stood firm in its determination to bring freedom and independence 
to the illegally occupied nation of Cyprus.
  Given instability around the world, now is a good time to heal the 
wound in Cyprus that has poisoned the relations between Greece and 
Turkey for so many years.
  I am concerned, however, that Turkey is once again not negotiating in 
good faith. Over the years, I have become quite familiar with the 
Turkish side's well-known negotiation tactics. The Turkish side agrees 
to peace negotiations on the Cyprus problem only for the purpose of 
undermining them once they begin and then blames the Greek Cypriots for 
their failure.
  The time has come for Denktash to realize his demands for recognition 
of a separate state are not acceptable. The framework has already been 
laid by the United Nations Security Council's Resolutions establishing 
a bizonal, bicommunal federation with one single international 
personality and one single citizenship.
  Like their forefathers who were under the control of a hostile 
foreign power for four centuries, the Cypriot people hold fast in 
defiance of their Turkish aggressors with every confidence that they 
will again be a sovereign nation. They will. And the United States will 
be by their side in both the fight to secure that freedom and the 
celebration to mark the day when it finally arrives.
  I will continue to work with my colleagues here in Congress to ensure 
that the United States government remains on the right side of this 
issue--because there is no gray area when it comes to this conflict.
  In closing I want to congratulate the Greek people for 181 years of 
independence and thank them for their contributions to American life.

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