[Congressional Record (Bound Edition), Volume 148 (2002), Part 12]
[Senate]
[Pages 16537-16545]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office, www.gpo.gov]




                  IN REMEMBRANCE OF SEPTEMBER 11, 2001

  Mr. STEVENS. Madam President, I was very proud of the efforts of 
Alaskans in response to the disaster on September 11 of last year. 
Although we are thousands of miles from New York, they immediately 
reacted.
  I suggest the absence of a quorum.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The clerk will call the roll.
  The legislative clerk proceeded to call the roll.
  Mr. LEAHY. Madam President, I ask unanimous consent that the order 
for the quorum call be rescinded.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without objection, it is so ordered.
  Mr. LEAHY. Madam President, later this afternoon in my home State of 
Vermont, the chief judge of the Federal district court, Judge William 
Sessions, will have an immigration ceremony, and I might say that I 
can't think of anything more fitting. We will have memorials and other 
events throughout the State of Vermont today, just as we will in other 
States.
  Many of us had been at the Pentagon earlier this morning, heard the 
moving statements, and saw the resolve of the men and women who protect 
this Nation. We heard our President and Secretary of Defense and 
others.
  It is right that throughout the country we have different events to 
mark this occasion.
  I want to especially compliment Judge Sessions for what he is doing 
in Vermont. If there is anything that speaks to the resiliency of this 
Nation, the greatness of this Nation, it is welcoming immigrants, 
saying our borders are not sealed, our borders are open.
  We want to welcome people who will continue to make this country 
great, just as did my paternal great-grandparents and my maternal 
great-grandparents who came to this country not speaking any English 
but who sought employment and a new life. My grandfathers were stone 
cutters in Vermont, immigrant stock. My wife was the first generation 
of her family to be born here in the United States. It is immigrants 
who have made this Nation strong.
  What Judge Sessions is doing is telling us that our borders and our 
country and our arms are still open to the mix of people from 
throughout the world who will continue to give us the diversity we 
need, just as our Constitution gives us diversity and guarantees that 
diversity in the first amendment. We now have new Americans who will be 
here with the same rights and privileges the rest of us have, and the 
Nation will be a better place for it.
  I yield the floor.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The majority leader.

[[Page 16538]]


  Mr. DASCHLE. Madam President, I know a lot of Senators wish to be 
heard. While I won't ask unanimous consent that this be done, I would 
urge that the Chair recognize members of both parties in alternating 
fashion to accommodate both sides equally. That might be the best way 
to accommodate everybody. That way we can get through the afternoon in 
the most appropriate way.
  I urge and ask the Chair to recognize Senators on either side.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from Virginia.
  Mr. WARNER. Madam President, we have just returned from a most 
historic and moving ceremony at the Department of Defense. That 
building will always occupy in my heart a very special place for I was 
privileged to serve there during 5 years and 4 months of the period of 
the war in Vietnam in the Navy Secretariat, including my service as 
Secretary of the Navy.
  On 9/11, of course, I joined colleagues briefly here in the Chamber 
and then we exited and with other colleagues who were gathered in the 
park, we chatted a little bit about what we should do. I returned to my 
office and conducted a brief prayer meeting and recommended to my staff 
that they proceed to their homes and their loved ones.
  In about an hour or two, however, I decided I would like to go to the 
Department of Defense again because of my very special high regard for 
the men and women of the Armed Forces and that dastardly act committed 
by terrorists. I called the Secretary of Defense, whom I had known for 
many years. We both served in the administration of President Nixon and 
President Ford. He said: Come right over.
  I called my good friend and colleague, Carl Levin, at his home, and 
Carl immediately said, yes, he would join us, and the two of us then 
proceeded to the Department of Defense where we joined Secretary 
Rumsfeld and then-Chairman of the Joint Chiefs, General Shelton. It was 
a memorable afternoon there at the command post watching the 
magnificence of our command structure dealing with the many unknowns, 
and yet taking the proper actions.
  The President called in. Both Senator Levin and I spoke with him 
briefly. Then we went back with the Secretary to where the plane had 
struck the building and visited with all those who were performing 
heroic acts right before our eyes in hopes of saving other lives and 
doing what they could to comfort those wounded.
  We then returned with the Secretary. And Secretary Rumsfeld asked 
Senator Levin and I to accompany him to a press conference. We stood 
behind the Secretary and the Chairman while they spoke. And then 
unexpectedly, Secretary Rumsfeld turned to both of us and asked us to 
make a few remarks.
  I have here this morning the remarks I made, with no preparation, 
just speaking from the heart. And they are as true today, 1 year later, 
as they were at about 6:30 on the afternoon or the evening of 9/11 when 
Senator Levin and I joined the Secretary. I will just repeat these 
remarks.
  I stated that I was joined by my distinguished chairman, Carl Levin, 
and I said, speaking to the Nation:

       I can assure you that the Congress stands behind our 
     President and the President speaks with one voice for this 
     entire Nation. This is, indeed, the most tragic hour in 
     America's history, and yet I think it can be its finest hour, 
     as our President and those with him, most notably our 
     Secretary of Defense, our chairman [of the Joint Chiefs] and 
     the men and women of the armed forces all over this world 
     stand ready not only to defend this nation and our allies 
     against further attack, but to take such actions as are 
     directed in the future in retaliation for this terrorist 
     act--one of the most unprecedented in the history of the 
     world.
       We call upon the entire world to step up and help, because 
     terrorism is a common enemy to all, and we're in this 
     together. The United States has borne the brunt, but [which 
     nation] can be next? Step forward and let us hold accountable 
     and punish those that have perpetrated this attack.

  Under the leadership of our President and the courage of the men and 
women of the Armed Forces and the strength of the citizens of this 
Nation, that has been done, is being done, and will be done.
  I yield the floor.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from Nevada.
  Mr. REID. Madam President, under the order now in effect, Senators 
have up to 10 minutes to speak, and we would ask that everyone would do 
their best to confine themselves to that 10 minutes.
  I ask unanimous consent that the list of speakers be as I am going to 
outline them. These names have been given to our staff. The staff has 
given these to me: Senator Feinstein, Senator Kay Bailey Hutchison, 
Senator Levin, Senator Snowe, Senator Dorgan, Senator Shelby, Senator 
Dodd, Senator Bennett, Senator Durbin, and Senator Brownback. If 
everyone uses their 10 minutes, that is going to take some time. What I 
would suggest is that staff be notified of those who wish to speak this 
afternoon, and we will be happy to do that to make it so that people 
have to wait not a very long period of time.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without objection, it is so ordered.
  The Senator from California is recognized.
  Mrs. FEINSTEIN. Madam President, I rise today to share some of my 
thoughts on this very special day, a day that commemorates one of the 
darkest days in our Nation's history.
  Those of us who listened this morning to the recitation of the names 
of those killed in the World Trade Center and the Pentagon found in 
those names both a message of grief and one deep in sorrow. Also in 
those names was a profound message of how deeply the world is 
interwoven. The reading of these names was, for me, an unforgettable 
message of our diversity.
  My sorrow, my sympathy, my condolences go to those who have lost so 
much. For many, they have lost everything; yet they still have their 
spirit, their hope, and their determination, and they still have the 
love of a very sympathetic Nation.
  On September 11, we all felt as if the loss was too much to bear, as 
if it would be impossible to go on. But out of the ashes of the World 
Trade Center and the Pentagon, we in Congress returned to work. We 
tried in our legislative ways to address the terrorist threat. Within a 
week of the attack, we approved a resolution authorizing the President 
to use force against those who would perpetuate or harbor the 
terrorists.
  Within a month, we approved the USA Patriot Act, which authorized our 
law enforcement and intelligence agencies to take the necessary steps 
to root out the terrorist threat and to protect the Nation.
  In May of this year, we approved the border security and visa reform 
legislation, which overhauled the way this Nation allows immigrants and 
visitors into the country.
  In June, we approved a bioterrorism bill that included strict 
certification requirements for laboratories that handle anthrax, 
smallpox, and more than 30 other deadly pathogens.
  At the same time, the United States launched a war against terror. In 
Afghanistan, the U.S. forces, working with the Northern Alliance, 
ousted the Taliban, fought al-Qaida troops, and made it possible for 
Hamid Karzai to be elected President--Afghanistan's first democratic 
election.
  U.S. special forces were also sent to the Philippines, to Yemen, and 
Georgia to train local troops on how to fight the war against terror. 
We have broken up al-Qaida cells in Spain, France, Morocco, and 
Singapore, preventing planned attacks.
  In the financial world, the Treasury Department began examining the 
financing of terrorist organizations, freezing more than $34 million in 
terrorist assets.
  Now the Senate is considering two additional steps to defend our 
Nation: a bill to create a new Department of Homeland Defense and a 
comprehensive review of the intelligence failures that led to 9/11.
  I would expect the Senate to approve the homeland defense bill in the 
coming weeks, and, hopefully, it will be signed into law by the end of 
the year.
  On September 17, the Intelligence Committees of both the House and 
the Senate will open their first hearings on

[[Page 16539]]

our intelligence review, which has been going on now for 6 months.
  One year has now passed. The Nation has shown its resolve and 
resiliency. Now we must show our staying power.
  For me, what emerged from 9/11 were four specific points:
  First, we must stay the course on the war on terror. We must ferret 
out, bring to justice, one by one, group by group, those al-Qaida, or 
others, who would simply kill because they hate.
  Secondly, we must make this country as safe as possible: eliminate 
loopholes in laws, prevent fraudulent entry into our country, ensure 
that deadly chemicals and biological agents are properly handled, and 
see that the national security is protected, wherever possible.
  Thirdly, we have to reinforce the hallmarks of America: liberty, 
justice, freedom. Despite this crisis, the Constitution and the Bill of 
Rights remain strong and central to our way of life.
  Finally, we need to celebrate our democracy, and the way we do that 
is simple: We make it work. We produce for our people. We pass good 
legislation. We administer the programs. We show that democracy offers 
solutions to the real problems of our society.
  Let me say one thing about remaining vigilant in the war against 
terror. Much of the al-Qaida organization remains intact, including 
two-thirds of the leadership, and possibly Osama bin Laden himself. 
Afghanistan is our beachhead in the war on terror. We cannot lose it or 
we lose the war on terror. Yet Afghanistan's leadership is fragile. 
Just last week there was an attack on President Karzai's life.
  We have an obligation to provide for the security of Afghanistan and 
its leaders and ensure that the nation does not fall under the control 
of regional warlords. We must ensure that the Afghan economy becomes 
upwardly mobile.
  We have work to do to find those in hiding, whether in Pakistan, 
Yemen, Saudi Arabia, the Sudan, Southeast Asia, and, yes, in our own 
country. Al-Qaida remains poised to do their dirty deeds.
  America learned on September 11 a very simple and sobering lesson--
that there are people in the world who would destroy us if they could. 
We must remember this fact and do all we can to stop them. This means 
staying the course and winning the war against terror. This means 
keeping focused on the immediate threat from al-Qaida, and this means 
looking for new ways to strengthen our Nation's homeland defense.
  As we all consider the past year, let us remember all of those who 
perished in the attacks and in their memory rededicate ourselves to 
doing all we can to making our Nation strong and preventing a similar 
attack in the future.
  I yield the floor.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from Texas is recognized.
  Mrs. HUTCHISON. Madam President, I would like to split my time with 
my colleague from Texas, so I wish to be notified when I have used 5 
minutes.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator will be notified.
  Mrs. HUTCHISON. Madam President, 1 year ago today, 3,000 people woke 
up, kissed their loved ones goodbye, went to work, and never returned. 
In the blink of an eye, their lives were brutally taken by the violent 
acts of terrorists.
  Together, we grieved and mourned for those who lost their lives. We 
marveled at the heroism and bravery of the first responders--the 
firefighters, emergency personnel, and police officers--who rushed into 
the devastation to help others, many sacrificing their own lives in the 
process.
  But the American spirit of resilience rose from the ashes of Ground 
Zero, the Pentagon, and that quiet field in Pennsylvania. Our 
collective anguish became our national resolve. We focused our energies 
on destroying the cowardly instigators of this tragedy so they could 
not do it again to us or any other nation on Earth.
  We will forever recall this day, but we are not a vengeful people. As 
Americans, we value peace, freedom, and liberty. We know our diversity 
and tolerance of other views, religions, and ways of life are what make 
our Nation great. We do not perpetuate hatred or violence. We teach our 
children to love one another and treat others with respect.
  America was born out of a great struggle. The words of our Founding 
Fathers ring as true today as they did more than 200 years ago. In 
1771, Samuel Adams said:

       The liberties of our country, the freedom of our civil 
     constitution, are worth defending at all hazards; and it is 
     our duty to defend them against all attacks. We have received 
     them as a fair inheritance from our worthy ancestors: they 
     purchased them for us with toil and danger and expense of 
     treasure and blood, and transmitted to us with care and 
     diligence.

  It is our duty to carry on the crusade for freedom that generations 
of Americans have fought and died to keep. The heroes of September 11 
did not lose their lives in vain. The protection of our liberty and 
freedom remains resolute.
  It is the words of a civilian hero that remain with us, a young man 
with a pregnant wife at home. He saw the horrors on his airplane that 
morning on September 11 as they were flying over Pennsylvania. He 
realized from telephone reports that this airplane, too, was part of a 
terrible plan headed for one of our treasured symbols of freedom in 
Washington, DC. Though he had little time to prepare, he and other 
brave passengers decided to fight. And Todd Beamer's last words in his 
valiant effort are our battle cry in this war on terrorism: ``Let's 
roll.''
  America is ready to roll, Madam President, and we will never forget 
those who gave their lives for our freedom on September 11, 2001.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from Texas.
  Mr. GRAMM. Madam President, I thank my dear colleague and tell her I 
am very happy to have my remarks appear next to hers.
  A year ago today, terrorism struck at the very symbols of American 
democracy and capitalism, as if by destroying those symbols, as if by 
destroying the buildings, as if by killing innocent people, they could 
destroy those institutions.
  They failed.
  Like millions of Americans, a year ago today I watched the horror of 
the terrorist attacks. But then I watched the triumph of the human 
spirit. I watched ordinary Americans, people pretty much like us, who 
on that day did extraordinary things.
  A year ago today, our Nation's leaders watched, and we were helpless, 
like everybody else, to do anything about the problem. I am proud to 
say today that we are not helpless, that we have started to fight back.
  Our homeland is more secure today than it was a year ago, but it is 
not as secure as it has to be. We are fighting a war, but the Congress 
has to give to our military and to our law enforcement officials the 
tools they need to finish the job.
  When in doubt, I believe we must act. What is at issue is the safety 
of the American people, and I am not willing to turn that safety over 
to our allies, to the United Nations, or to anybody else. Where terror 
hides, it must be rooted out and it must be destroyed, and if we have 
to do that alone, then America is willing and capable of doing that 
alone.
  In my 24 years of public service in Congress, I have always been 
proud of my country and my countrymen, but I have never been prouder 
than I have been in the last 12 months. It has always been a privilege 
to serve, but in the last 12 months it has been my great privilege to 
serve the greatest country in the history of the world.
  I yield the floor.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from Michigan.
  Mr. LEVIN. Madam President, 1 year ago today, the openness and 
freedom of American society were used against us when terrorists 
hijacked civilian passenger jets and used them as missiles to demolish 
the Twin Towers of the World Trade Center and destroy a large section 
of the Pentagon. The fourth jet hijacked that infamous morning, United 
Flight 93, may well have been headed for this Capitol Building before 
brave crew members and passengers fought back against their captors.

[[Page 16540]]

  One year ago today, over 3,000 people had their lives snatched away 
from them. The emotional trauma of those losses has affected each and 
every American. No State, no town, no community, no person has been 
left untouched.
  The despicable actions of the terrorists last September 11 have 
changed the world, not only because of what they have destroyed, but 
also because of what they have kindled in the American people.
  In New York City, at the Pentagon, in the skies over Pennsylvania and 
across America, 1 year ago today and in the days since then, we have 
seen the bravery, compassion, determination, and shared sense of 
purpose of Americans from all walks of life. As one writer put it, 
``September 11 did not alter the American character, it merely revealed 
it.''
  I would add that it did not weaken our spirit, it strengthened it 
immeasurably.
  We have, astoundingly, already rebuilt the mangled section of the 
Pentagon, and we have cleared Ground Zero in New York City. We have 
consecrated time and place and commemorated the heroic individuals who 
faced 9/11 head on.
  We are now engaged in a war on terrorism. It is unlike any war we 
have ever fought. It has no boundaries. It has no clear end. Our 
enemies target civilians. They are not soldiers. They are not warriors. 
They are murderers.
  We have taken the battle to our enemy. We have destroyed the Taliban 
and disrupted the al-Qaida network. Those who have not been killed or 
captured we have driven into hiding. We have liberated Afghanistan from 
the clutches of terrorists, and we have put the rest of the world on 
notice that to harbor terrorists is to invite disaster.
  In these sterner times, we have rediscovered that we are made of 
sterner stuff.
  Yesterday, I had the honor of helping to plant a memorial Red Ash 
tree at the Pentagon. That tree, and eight others like it planted at 
the site over the weekend, were propagated from parts of a champion Red 
Ash tree in Dowagiac, MI, named as such because it is the largest 
example known of its species. That champion is 450 years old and 21 
feet around at its trunk. It spans the history of America. And, like 
the American spirit, it is indomitable.
  At yesterday's ceremony, I remarked that we Americans are as well-
rooted as that champion Red Ash in Dowagiac, and like its crown, our 
Nation's aspirations reach high into the skies above. The tendrils of 
democracy root us; our aspiration is an unquenchable desire for 
freedom--for ourselves and for all people everywhere.
  Archibald MacLeish wrote, ``There are those who will say that the 
liberation of humanity, the freedom of man and mind, is nothing but a 
dream. They are right. It is the American dream.''
  We have shared that dream with the rest of the world.
  For the better part of the last century, the United States and our 
allies fought a successful battle against the genocidal forces of 
fascism and totalitarianism. We defeated the Nazis. We won the Cold 
War. In the bloody struggle between ideologies, democratic governments 
triumphed over repressive regimes.
  This democracy of ours and our allies will prevail against the likes 
of al-Qaida because the overwhelming majority of people in the world 
want freedom and justice and dignity and opportunity. America remains a 
beacon of hope to the oppressed everywhere. Our current generation of 
service men and women, and the American people generally, will meet the 
new challenges and threats that we face as a nation as successfully as 
we met the challenges and threats of the last century.
  The people who perished 1 year ago did not do so in vain. We will 
always remember them and, most importantly, we will honor them by 
carrying on that noble struggle for what has been called the American 
dream but what is actually humankind's dream.
  Madam President, I ask unanimous consent that an article from the 
Detroit Free Press titled ``Michigan's 16 Legacies'' be printed in the 
Record.
  There being no objection, the article was ordered to be printed in 
the Record, as follows:

              [From the Detroit Free Press, Sept. 5, 2002]

                         Michigan's 16 Legacies

                           (By Sheryl James)

       They were among America's best, brightest and happiest.
       Many had attended some of the finest schools--Cranbrook, 
     Detroit Country Day, the University of Michigan, Harvard, 
     Yale, Princeton and Vanderbilt.
       As teens, they walked the halls of schools from Cass Tech 
     in Detroit to Traverse City High, all of them contributing, 
     achieving, giving back. They were young scholars and 
     financial wizards, technology gurus, National Honor Society 
     members, athletes, musicians, champions of theater, 
     contributors to their communities.
       Most of them were well traveled--and well on their way to 
     the kind of success that defines the American Dream. A few 
     already had achieved that dream, with homes in Manhattan, 
     book credits, TV appearances.
       One of them survived the 1993 terrorist bombing of the 
     World Trade Center.
       They are gone now, these 16 terrorism victims who had 
     significant Michigan ties. But their legacies live on--in 
     their accomplishments and through their loved ones left 
     behind.


              financial whiz kid on fast track to success

       Terence Adderley Jr., 22, had a head and a heart for 
     finance by the time he was a teenager. Before even graduating 
     from Detroit Country Day in 1997, he had started an 
     investment club. His grandfather, William Russell Kelly, 
     founded Kelly Services of Troy in 1946, and his father, 
     Terence E. Adderley, is its president and chief executive 
     officer.
       Adderley, who grew up in Bloomfield Hills, took his love of 
     finance to Vanderbilt University in Nashville, Tenn., where 
     he earned a bachelor's degree in economics in May 2001. Soon 
     after, he landed a job with Fred Alger Management Inc., which 
     had offices on the 93rd floor of the trade center's north 
     tower.
       Joseph White, a University of Michigan business professor 
     and former interim president, said Adderley had tremendous 
     potential
       White knew Adderley through U-M alumnus David Alger, 
     president of Fred Alger Management. As a young analyst for 
     the company, ``Ted was thriving,'' White said. ``He loved 
     what he was doing.''
       Besides his father, survivors include his mother, Mary 
     Elizabeth; five sisters, and a grandmother.


                 EXECUTIVE HAD EYE FOR BEST, BRIGHTEST

       David Alger, 57, president of Fred Alger Management Inc., 
     was a familiar fixture on CNN, MSNBC and CNBC--and at many U-
     M events. He was a prominent alumnus and supporter of the U-M 
     business school, where, White said, he was the spring 
     commencement speaker in 1997 and served on the school's 
     senior advisory board.
       Alger loved grooming young people for business and often 
     returned to his alma mater.
       ``David was a terrifically talented man,'' White said. ``A 
     colleague of mine said, `I loved David's rational 
     exuberance,' and she got it just right. That was David: very 
     analytical and very optimistic. . . .
       ``David encouraged people to participate in what he thought 
     would be the biggest bull market in American history--in 
     1991. It was an incredible prediction.''
       Alger was born Dec. 15, 1943, in California but grew up in 
     Grosse Pointe. He received his undergraduate degree from 
     Harvard University and a master's in business administration 
     from U-M in 1968. He joined his brother Fred's company, Fred 
     Alger Management, in 1972 as an analyst. He eventually owned 
     20 percent of the business.
       In 1995, Alger's brother moved to Geneva, Switzerland, and 
     left him in control of the company's daily operations. At the 
     time of Alger's death, the firm's assets had grown from $3 
     billion to $15 billion and its workforce from 82 to 220.
       Alger, who owned homes in Manhattan and Tuxedo Park, N.Y., 
     loved technology stocks and managed mutual funds that ranked 
     near the top of the 1990s bull market. He often appeared on 
     financial TV programs and wrote ``Raging Bull:` How to Invest 
     in the Growth Stocks of the '90s.''
       On Sept. 11, Alger was working in company offices on the 
     93rd floor of the trade center's north tower. There were 
     1,300 people at his funeral, said White, who attended. Alger 
     is survived by his wife, Josephine; two daughters; his 
     brother, and a sister.


                 UNFETTERED SPIRIT LOVED THE CITY LIFE

       Eric Bennett, 29, a Flint native, caught the travel bug 
     early when he took a trip overseas with a high school foreign 
     language club. He traveled often afterward, said his mother, 
     Kathy Bennett of Flint.
       He visited Brazil, Puerto Rico, Rome, London and Paris. but 
     Bennett also loved the Brooklyn, N.Y., brownstone where he 
     lived, the big-city life in New York and his job as area vice 
     president for Alliance Consulting Group. His office was on 
     the 102nd floor of the trade center's north tower.
       ``From his home, he could see the towers, and from his desk 
     at work, he could see Brooklyn,'' his mother said. ``He just 
     loved life.''

[[Page 16541]]

       In 1989, Bennett graduated from Flint's Kearsley High 
     School, where he had been cocaptain of the football team the 
     year before. In 1993, he received a bachelor of science 
     degree in computer information systems from Ferris State 
     University. He also played football at Ferris State and 
     earned an All-Midwest Intercollegiate Football Conference 
     honorable mention in 1992.
       In addition to his mother, he is survived by his father, 
     Terry Bennett, and a sister.


                WINGS FAN HELD FAMILY CLOSE TO HIS HEART

       Frank Doyle, 39, formerly of New Boston and Bloomfield 
     Hills, was a loyal Detroit Red Wings fan. He grew up playing 
     hockey and was the varsity goalie from his first year on at 
     Bowdoin College in Brunswick, Maine. Later, he played on 
     three mens hockey teams near his Englewood, N.J., home.
       Doyle attended Huron High School in New Boston and 
     graduated from the Cranbrook Schools in Bloomfield Hills in 
     1980. He earned a bachelor of arts degree from Bowdoin with 
     majors in economics and government in 1985. He also earned a 
     master's in business administration from New York 
     University's Stern School of Business in 1993.
       Doyle was senior vice president of the Keefe Bryuette & 
     Woods brokerage in the trade center's south tower. He 
     directed its equity and trading department and was on the 
     company's board of directors.
       Just before his death, Doyle was training for triathlons.
       ``He was probably in the best shape of his life'' and 
     planned to run a triathlon the weekend after the terrorist 
     attacks, said his wife, Kim Chedel. But, she said, Doyle 
     mostly ``loved being a dad'' to their children, Zoe and 
     Garrett, who were 3 and 16 months when their father died.
       Doyle and Chedel had both escaped harm when the trade 
     center was bombed by terrorists in 1993. Chedel, who then 
     worked at a brokerage in a different part of the complex than 
     her husband, escaped within 2 hours. She said she cried for 
     hours while waiting for Doyle to emerge.
       On Sept. 11, Doyle called Chedel after the first plane hit. 
     He was on the 87th floor of the south tower--the second hit 
     but the first to fall.
       ``He said, `If you think we got rocked in `93, this was 10 
     times worse,''' Chedel said.
       ``I said, `Frank, get out of there.' He said to me, `The PA 
     system said it was .  .  . more secure to stay in the 
     building.'''
       Doyle called his wife again at 9:22 a.m. ``He said, 
     `Sweetie, we've gone up to the roof. The doors are locked, 
     and we can't go down. I know you know this, but I love you .  
     .  . and you need to tell Zoe and Garrett every day for the 
     rest of their lives how much Daddy loves them.''
       His survivors also include his mother, Maureen Doyle of New 
     Boston, and three siblings.


                Teacher kept her friends for a lifetime

       Barbara Edwards, 58, who grew up in Wyoming, near Grand 
     Rapids, was a woman of character and warmth. She kept friends 
     for a lifetime and, as a high school teacher, showed up at 
     her students' soccer games on her own time.
       ``Barb was a people person,'' said her sister Jane Gollan 
     of Seattle. ``If you met her 30 years ago, she would still be 
     friends with you. She had a knack for keeping in touch.''
       Edwards also was a fan of Bette Midler and of personal 
     mementos like the 40-year-old accordion she had as a child. 
     She never threw anything out, and her garage never had room 
     for a car, family members said.
       Edwards, who lived in Las Vegas, graduated from 
     Kelloggsville High School in Grand Rapids in 1961 and from 
     Western Michigan University in 1965. She worked for a time at 
     Catholic Central High School in Grand Rapids. She also 
     married, had three children and lived in various states 
     before divorcing in the early 1990s.
       She was a high school French and German teacher in Las 
     Vegas when she went to a friend's wedding in Connecticut the 
     weekend before the Sept. 11 attacks. She was supposed to 
     return home, but friends convinced her to stay for a couple 
     of days. She wound up on American Airlines Flight 77, which 
     left Dulles International Airport in suburban Washington, and 
     crashed into the Pentagon.
       Just before the attacks, one of Edwards' sons had left a 
     job as a broker in the World Trade Center. In addition to her 
     children, Edwards' survivors include her parents, Jack and 
     Liss Vander Baan who live south of Grand Rapids in Allegan 
     County; a sister, and two grandchildren.


                avid reader relished his michigan roots

       Brad Hoorn, 22, originally from Richland, near Kalamazoo, 
     never lost his affection for his favorite childhood book, 
     ``Charlotte's Web.'' He learned to read using that book and 
     he reread it periodically, said his mother, Kathy Hoorn of 
     Richland. A voracious reader, Hoorn often read an entire book 
     to relax before an important college exam, she said.
       Bright, energetic and outgoing, Hoorn played several 
     musical instruments; had been president of the National Honor 
     Society at Gull Lake High School in Richland, from which he 
     graduated in 1997, and cocaptain of the tennis team.
       He was a computer whiz, his mother said, and loved coming 
     back to Michigan from his New York City apartment to golf 
     with his father, Dennis; play with the family's two Labrador 
     retrievers; visit friends and enjoy boating on lakes near the 
     family home.
       In May 2001, Hoorn received a bachelor's degree in 
     economics from Yale University. On Sept. 11, he was working 
     at Fred Alger Management Inc. on the 93rd floor of the north 
     tower.
       In addition to his parents, he is survived by a sister.


                consultant made her own way in the world

       Suzanne Kondratenko, 27, formerly of Romeo, had such zeal 
     and spark, her sister called her a spitfire, Patricia 
     Kondratenko said Suzanne was creative, independent and had a 
     daring sense of humor.
       ``Things she would say, other people wouldn't get away 
     with,'' Patricia Kondratenko of Rochester said. She 
     especially remembers Suzanne's beautiful skin and how she 
     always smelled like flowers.
       Kondratenko and her sisters--all seven of them--attended 
     the Academy of the Sacred Heart in Bloomfield Hills. Suzanne 
     graduated in 1992. In 1996, she earned a bachelor's degree in 
     English literature and humanistic studies from St. Mary's 
     College in Notre Dame, Ind.
       An employee of Keane Consulting in Chicago, Kondratenko was 
     in New York on Sept. 11 to do consulting work for Aon Corp. 
     on the 92nd floor of the trade center's south tower.
       ``Suzanne committed herself, entirely, to her every 
     endeavor,'' said her sister Aimee Kondratenko of Chicago. 
     ``She was capable of so much.''
       She is survived by her sisters and her parents, Eric and 
     Patricia Kondratenko, of Romeo.


              actress captivated by the allure of theater

       Margaret Mattic, 51, knew by her senior year at Cass Tech 
     High in Detroit that she wanted to be an actress and live in 
     New York. She accomplished that goal, and more. Before she 
     died, she was writing plays and planning to produce them, her 
     sister, Jean Neal of Detroit, said.
       ``My earliest memories of Margaret are of her performing in 
     school plays,'' said Peggy Robinson, who grew up with Mattic 
     on Detroit's east side. ``She was always the lead. I was a 
     narrator. When we did `Snow White,' she was Snow White. And 
     she was Gretel when we did `Hansel and Gretel.'''
       Mattic also was adventurous, Neal said. ``She did more 
     traveling and living away from home. The rest of us remained 
     in Detroit. Margaret lived in New Orleans and New York.''
       While Mattic was a student at Wayne State University, where 
     she received a bachelor's degree in liberal arts in 1973, 
     ``she traveled to Europe for 8 weeks, all by herself,'' Neal 
     said. ``She had more nerve than all of us.''
       Mattic, the youngest of five children, always loved to read 
     and write, said her mother, Katie Mattic of Detroit. As an 
     adult, she bought dozens of books for herself and for her 
     mother.
       After graduating from Cass Tech in the late '60s, she 
     appeared in several plays in Detroit and New York, 
     particularly ones with African-American themes. Mattic worked 
     as a customer service representative for General Telecom in 
     the trade center's north tower.
       She was single and had no children.


                  he was on way to a hawaii honeymoon

       Robert R. Ploger III, 59, of Annandale, Va., approached his 
     life's work with a sense of adventure, said his father, Maj. 
     Gen. Robert Ploger of Ann Arbor. He studied philosophy in 
     college but wound up working with computers.
       He worked for major corporations, established his own 
     successful company and finally became a computer architect 
     for Lockheed-Martin in Washington.
       Ploger's parents--his father is retired and his mother, 
     Marguerite, is deceased--were originally from Owosso. Their 
     son graduated in 1959 from Paris American High School in 
     France and attended Michigan State University in 1959-60. He 
     served in the U.S. Army from 1960-62. Ploger then earned a 
     bachelor's degree in philosophy from the University of Denver 
     in 1965, married and raised two children. He and his first 
     wife, Sheila, later divorced.
       Ploger had lived in California, Virginia and Maryland, 
     working as a computer specialist.
       He married his second wife, Zandra, in May 2001. On Sept. 
     11, they were on their way to Hawaii for a honeymoon. Both 
     were aboard American Flight 77 when it crashed into the 
     Pentagon. A memorial service was held at the same hotel in 
     Annandale where the couple celebrated their wedding.


                  gentle giant won people over easily

       David Pruim, 52, was ``the kindest, nicest, most gentle, 6-
     foot-4 person there ever was,'' his wife of 28 years, Kate, 
     told the New York Times shortly after his death. ``He made 
     everyone he came into contact with feel good about himself, 
     from children to adults.''
       Pruim was senior vice president of risk services for Aon 
     Corp., on the 103rd floor of the trade center's south tower.
       The Pruims, both originally from Michigan, lived in Upper 
     Montclair, N.J., with

[[Page 16542]]

     their 10-year old daughter, Carrington. David was a 1966 
     graduate of Western Michigan Christian High School in 
     Muskegon. He received a bachelor's degree in political 
     science from Hope College in Holland in 1970.
       Last October, the college dedicated its homecoming football 
     game to Pruim.
       He is survived by three brothers and his stepmother, Louise 
     Pruim, who lives in Norton Shores. His late father, James 
     Pruim, was mayor of Muskegon from 1994 to 1996.


                  Brilliant man had an empathetic ear

       Josh Rosenthal, 44, was a brilliant guy with a big heart. 
     He doted on his nieces and, despite a terrible allergy to 
     cats, kept his Manhattan apartment window open to provide a 
     scratching post for his neighbor's cats, his sister Helen 
     Rosenthal recalled.
       ``He had this ability to reach in and really touch people 
     and make them feel like he was truly listening and 
     understanding what they were saying,'' she said.
       Rosenthal was raised in Livonia and graduated from 
     Stevenson High School in 1975. His mother, Marilynn Rosenthal 
     of Ann Arbor, is a professor of behavioral sciences at the 
     University of Michigan-Dearbon. His father, Avram (Skip) 
     Rosenthal of Southfield, owns Books Abound in Farmington and 
     is a former director of the Henry Ford Community College 
     Library in Dearborn.
       In 1979, Rosenthal earned a bachelor of arts degree in 
     political science from the U-M in Ann Arbor. In 1977, he was 
     named a Truman Scholar, a merit-based scholarship award given 
     to outstanding college juniors.
       In 1981, Rosenthal received a master's degree in public 
     affairs from the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and 
     International Affairs at Princeton University. He moved to 
     New York afterward, and on Sept. 11, was at work as senior 
     vice president of Fiduciary Trust Co. on the 90th floor of 
     the trade center's south tower.
       Rosenthal lived in Manhattan, but stayed involved with 
     family and friends in Michigan. He was godfather to several 
     children of friends his sister said.
       ``Josh had a large and wonderful family that he was very 
     close to,'' his mother said.


              Onetime star pitcher had new life with wife

       Brock Safronoff, 26, originally from Traverse City, worked 
     as a computer systems analyst for Marsh & McLennan Cos. Inc. 
     on the 96th floor of the trade center's north tower. He was a 
     1993 graduate of Traverse City Central High School, where he 
     had been a star pitcher for the baseball team.
       In 1997, he earned a bachelor's degree in chemistry from 
     Amherst College in Massachusetts, where he also was a 
     starting pitcher on the baseball team. Later, he finished 
     course work toward a master's degree from Columbia University 
     in New York.
       Safronoff and his wife, Tara, were married in August 2001 
     on Staten Island. They had just moved to a Manhattan 
     apartment before the Sept. 11 attacks. In addition to his 
     wife, his survivors include his parents Joel and Debra 
     Safronoff of Traverse City; a brother, and a sister.


                 Military man had 2nd child on the way

       Lt. Col. Kip Taylor, 38, originally from Marquette, came 
     from a military family. He loved his job as an assistant to 
     three-star Gen. Tim Maude at the Pentagon.
       But at home, Taylor loved the gentler art of cooking. He 
     especially loved trying out new recipes on unsuspecting 
     visiting friends, his wife, Nancy, said.
       Taylor also loved working with wood. He build a deck and 
     worked on other projects at his McLean, VA., home. He had a 
     22-month-old son Dean. On Oct. 25, his wife gave birth to his 
     second son, John Luke who will be called Luke.
       ``He considered his most important role as that of 
     father,'' his wife said. ``We were both so excited about the 
     baby.''
       In 1985, Taylor graduated from Northern Michigan University 
     with a bachelor's degree in management. He had two 
     scholarships, one for basketball and one for the ROTC 
     program.
       He died when American Airlines Flight 77 crashed into the 
     Pentagon. He was promoted to lieutenant colonel from major 
     posthumously, his wife said.
       His survivors also include his mother, Kay Taylor, who is 
     executive director of a child care referral agency in 
     Marquette; a brother, also in the Army, and a sister. 
     Taylor's late father, Don, was a retired Army lieutenant 
     colonel who gave his son his commission in 1985 and later 
     taught military science at Northern Michigan University.


                   horse enthusiast coordinated show

       Lisa Marie Terry, 42, of Oakland Township found time every 
     summer, no matter how busy she was, to hold her Summer 
     Sizzler Horse Show in Mt. Pleasant.
       It was not an easy task for Terry to put on a quarter horse 
     event while working full time with Marsh Inc., a national 
     construction company with offices in Detroit and in the trade 
     center's north tower. But horses were her passion.
       ``She did it all by herself,'' said Sarah Tupper of 
     Metamora, Terry's best friend and fellow horse enthusiast. 
     ``She worked on it all year, getting sponsorships, making it 
     nice for exhibitors. She made a huge effort to put stuff in 
     the show people wanted.''
       Terry especially encouraged young exhibitors, Tupper said.
       On Sept. 11, Terry, a vice president in charge of 
     construction for the New York-based Marsh, was going to 
     Hawaii for a project. She stopped at the World Trade Center 
     for a business meeting and was among some 300 Marsh employees 
     lost in the attacks, company officials said.
       A couple of years before her death. Terry, who was single, 
     celebrated her rise to vice president--a rare position for 
     women in her field--by buying a red BMW convertible, said her 
     aunt, Olga Stevens of Troy. Soon after, she bought her 
     Oakland Township home.
       Terry had one brother and grew up in Troy, graduating from 
     Troy High School in 1977. She studied a social services 
     program at Ferris State University from 1977 to 1980 and was 
     a member of the Theta Tau Alpha sorority. She studied 
     insurance at Michigan State University in the mid-1980s.
       She loved skiing, flowers and her two cats. An accomplished 
     horsewoman, she showed for the American and Michigan Quarter 
     Horse associations. The latter named her Sportswoman of the 
     Year in 1993.
       Terry also was a member of the American Business Women's 
     Association and the National Association of Women in 
     Construction.


               flight attendant had the heart of a child

       Alicia Nicole Titus, 28, whose parents live in Dexter, was 
     a positive, peace-loving, let's-make-the-world-a-better-place 
     kind of person.
       ``She was very much into acceptance of world cultures and . 
     . . very embracing of people with different belief systems,'' 
     said her father, John Titus. ``So it is ironic, sadly so,'' 
     he said, that she was a flight attendant on United Airlines 
     Flight 175, which crashed into the trade center's south tower 
     Sept. 11.
       Titus had just become a flight attendant. Disillusioned 
     with corporate life as a marketing director for a firm in San 
     Francisco, where she lived, she switched careers, said her 
     father, who is director of student advisement services at 
     Schoolcraft College in Livonia. Alicia's mother, Beverly, 
     teaches part-time at the college's Women's Resource Center 
     and Continuing Education Department.
       Titus grew up in St. Paris, Ohio. She graduated from Graham 
     High School there in 1991 and earned a bachelor's degree in 
     international business from Miami University in Oxford, Ohio, 
     in 1995.
       ``She had lead roles in musicals in high school and was 
     into track, cheerleading and National Honor Society,'' her 
     father said.
       She also loved outdoor sports such as snowboarding, 
     mountain climbing and sky diving. She had traveled to Spain, 
     Morocco, England and France.
       Titus' roommate in San Francisco told her parents that the 
     Sunday before the attacks, the two went to a local park, 
     where they twirled hula hoops and played on the swings and 
     slides--typical of Titus' childlike zest for life, her father 
     said.
       Titus, who was single, also is survived by two brothers; a 
     sister, and a nephew.


                 recent graduate had energy, potential

       Meredith Lynn Whalen, 23, who was originally from Canton 
     Township, loved animals, particularly horses. She always 
     wanted to own a horse, said her mother, Pat Whalen of Canton.
       But Whalen valued friends most of all. Her mother was 
     comforted by her daughter's friends after the Sept. 11 
     attacks.
       ``Her friends have all described her as a very energetic, 
     caring person with a lot of compassion for others,'' Pat 
     Whalen said.
       Whalen was just as energetic in high school. She was a 
     varsity swimmer and in the National Honor Society at Plymouth 
     Salem High School, from which she graduated in 1996. She 
     earned a bachelor's degree in business administration with 
     honors from the U-M in Ann Arbor in 2000.
       ``Meredith was an outstanding graduate of our 2000 BBA 
     program,'' said White, the U-M business professor and former 
     interim president.
       White said David Alger, another U-M graduate and World 
     Trade Center victim, spotted Whalen as a young person with 
     great potential and convinced her to work for his company.
       She became a research assistant for Fred Alger Management 
     on the 93rd floor of the trade center's north tower and lived 
     in Hoboken, N.J.
       She is survived by her mother; three sisters, and a 
     brother. Her late father, Henry (Hank) Whalen, had been a 
     Canton Township trustee.
  Mr. LEVIN. Madam President, I yield the floor.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from Maine.
  Ms. SNOWE. A few short hours ago, at the Pentagon, we bore witness to 
the essence of this solemn anniversary. It was a message of restoration 
and renewal from a grateful nation.
  Today is the commemoration of both incalculable loss and limitless 
courage, of enduring sorrow and indomitable spirit.
  We seek to honor the bravery and heroism displayed by so many for so 
long on this day and the days following. We are moved to grieve for

[[Page 16543]]

what and whom we lost--such as Maine victims Anna Allison, Carol 
Flyzik, Robert Jalbert, James Roux, Stephen Ward, Robert Norton, 
Jacqueline Norton, and Robert Schlegel.
  Today, we embrace all that we have retained as a nation--our 
strength, our sense of purpose, our unity, and our veneration of the 
principles of freedom and justice--for today, the hearts of Americans 
and freedom-loving people across the globe are beckoned at once by 
sorrow and resolve, and we should heed the call of both.
  The snapshots of insanity etched in our minds, the indelible stain of 
unfathomable inhumanity, these must remain if we are to triumph over 
the tyranny of terror, and triumph we must.
  In a horrific irony, the forces of darkness had their way on an 
especially bright and beautiful morning, much like today, and the evil 
that fueled their horrible deeds lives on in the shadows of the world. 
The struggle before us will be constant, and therefore our vigilance 
must be unflagging.
  So on this first anniversary of a new era, let us continue to brace 
ourselves to perpetuating what is good and just, as we and our allies 
did in the 20th century's great struggles against evil. And let us 
remember how that one day in September not only changed America and the 
world but also reminded us of what really matters, of the principles 
and the people we value and certainly should appreciate--our 
firefighters, police officers, rescue workers, our troops, and 
seemingly ordinary Americans who, when faced with the horrible 
certainty of their circumstances, knowingly bring down a plane to save 
the lives of others, not to mention the very symbols of our democracy, 
the Capitol and the White House.
  On this solemn occasion, we celebrate those heroes who walk among us 
today, while the legacy of those who made the ultimate sacrifice 
reverberates throughout New York, Washington, Virginia, Pennsylvania, 
and every town and city in this land. Indeed, if it is true that a 
nation is defined by its response to adversity, then America redefined 
its own greatness.
  Men and women searching and clearing the World Trade Center site 
worked day and night, while volunteers brought them food and water. 
Their labor will stand as a memorial beside the hallowed site's eternal 
flame near the hole in the Earth that mirrors the hole in our heart 
that will never fully mend. And just across the Potomac, engineers and 
construction workers poured forth every last ounce to rebuild the 
Pentagon within 1 year in a gesture comprised of equal parts defiance 
and pride. At the building's D-ring, a father literally helped repair 
the broken stone and mortar near the very spot where his son perished 
that fateful morning.
  What is lost can never be recovered, but with this first anniversary 
of September 11, it is as though life has reclaimed its rightful place 
where destruction dared intrude. At the Pentagon there is a single 
blackened stone set within the new wall to symbolize what cannot and 
must not ever be forgotten. We have witnessed an almost 
incomprehensible transformation from the blackened devastation we saw a 
year ago, just as America itself has been transformed.
  An unparalleled sense of unity and compassion swept across America, 
proving once again that the true strength of our Nation has always 
flowed from the fortitude of our people.
  As we lifted up the hearts of those grieving for loved ones, we moved 
toward a swift and just defense of our freedom, and the President 
worked vigorously and mightily to build an international coalition. And 
while the war on terror will unquestionably be long and dangerous, our 
heroic men and women in uniform struck quickly and decisively at the 
heart of the Taliban.
  In February, I had the privilege of visiting our troops and meeting 
with President Karzai as part of a congressional trip to Afghanistan. 
What left the most profound impression on me, one I will never forget, 
was the unflinching commitment, the indefatigable resolve, and highest 
level of professionalism, not to mention bravery, of our troops.
  Indeed, much was revealed to us on the morning of September 11, 2001: 
The extent of the threat against us, the image of the devil incarnate, 
but also the face of a resilient and passionate and a united nation 
that would not allow this travesty to stand.
  We have learned that we can continue the process of healing, even 
knowing we will never fully be healed. We have learned we can move 
forward, without moving away from the anger we justifiably feel. 
Indeed, if we are to properly memorialize those whom we lost on that 
day and the days since, then we must maintain a boundless resolve in 
perpetuity that is so essential to keeping America secure and eradicate 
the roots of terrorism and the bloody instruments of fear.
  At Gettysburg, President Lincoln said:

       It is for us the living . . . to be dedicated here to the 
     unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so 
     nobly advanced. It is . . . for us to be here dedicated to 
     the great task remaining before us.

  That is our call yet again today. That is the destiny to which we 
must rise. Now, like then, we are equal to the challenge. God bless 
America.
  I yield the floor.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from North Dakota.
  Mr. DORGAN. Madam President, I was not sure if I was going to come 
and say a few words today. I am almost fatigued by the coverage of 9/
11, and yet there is something so important about this moment that 
silence somehow is not an appropriate response.
  The horror of the moment of September 11 last year remains with us 
even as we ache in our heart for those who lost their lives on that 
day. I think all of us understand the target was not buildings. It was 
not buildings in New York or Washington, DC. The target was the spirit 
of our country. The target was democracy. The target was Americans and 
what Americans represent.
  With the 1-year anniversary of that event, it is important for our 
country again to take stock of where we are, who we are, and what our 
citizenship responsibilities are as Americans.
  One year ago, I left the Capitol Building late at night to drive home 
and drove past the Pentagon. It was still burning, with smoke billowing 
out of the Pentagon that was then bathed in floodlights. It was an 
eerie sight to see the fire at the Pentagon even late at night and to 
hear and see the F-15 and F-16 fighter planes flying combat missions 
over our city and the Capitol that day and that evening.
  We went back to the Pentagon a few days later, and we were, as 
Members of Congress, meeting with Pentagon officials and viewing the 
damage. As we were there, one young marine was hanging by a crane in a 
bucket up near what had been the fourth floor of the Pentagon in what 
now was an open wound and gash in that concrete building. He had been 
hoisted up in the bucket by a crane that was moving toward this open 
gash. As we watched him, he reached around into this open area where 
this airplane hit and he pulled out a flag he had spotted up in an open 
area that had miraculously burned, and he brought this red and gold 
flag, which was the Marine flag, a brilliant red and gold color. He had 
the crane lower him to the ground. He marched over to where we were, 
walked past us and said: I am going to give this flag to the Marine 
Commandant. He said: Terrorists could not destroy this flag, and they 
cannot destroy this country.
  I think the spirit of that young marine and the spirit of people at 
Ground Zero, where we visited a week following the attacks, is 
something I will always remember.
  The visit to Ground Zero that many in Congress conducted was a very 
sad visit, showing the carnage and destruction of the World Trade 
Center where so many thousands died. The event I recall from that day, 
among many, was a firefighter who came to me with a several-day growth 
of beard, blood-shot eyes. He had worked around the clock for many 
days. He told me of the friends he had lost, those who were his fellow 
firefighters who had died in the tragedy. Here was a man who obviously

[[Page 16544]]

had very little rest, had worked day and night. Through his blood-shot 
eyes and with a uniform that was quite dirty, having worked around the 
clock, he looked at me and said: Senator, you must promise me to do one 
thing.
  I asked: What is that?
  He said: Get them. Get them. If you do not get them, they will do 
this to this country again.
  He represented the feeling of all Americans. We must make certain 
that terrorists are not able to do this again in our country. Our 
country is, in my judgment, as united as ever, united to battle 
terrorism wherever it exists in the world. We have come to understand 
as a country that a battle against terrorism is not quick. It is not 
easy. But it is something to which all America is committed. Every 
fanatic anywhere in the world who thinks terrorism is an acceptable 
means to an end needs to hear and know that America is united.
  My State is half a continent away from Washington, DC, and New York 
City where the attacks took place. Let me speak for a moment about my 
rural State, so distant from the urban areas where the attacks took 
place.
  First, tragically, we, too, experienced the loss of life. A young 
North Dakotan, Ann Nelson of Stanley, ND, died when the World Trade 
Center collapsed. I knew Ann and her family. She was a very special 
young woman. Her father has been a good friend of mine for many years. 
She had a bright future ahead of her, and she was a joy to all who knew 
her. Ann Nelson was a young North Dakota woman seeking a career, 
pursuing a job in the World Trade Center in New York City. She died 
because she was an American. She was one of thousands of innocent 
Americans who lost their lives because of these heinous, unspeakable 
acts of horror committed by terrorists.
  The day of the attack in Washington, DC, I looked up in the sky to 
see fighter jets flying overhead. I found out later that day they were 
pilots from Fargo, ND, members of the Air National Guard called the 
Happy Hooligans, some of the best fighter pilots in the world. Over the 
years, they have won three William Tell Awards which is the award for 
the best fighter pilots. They are stationed on a rotating basis at 
Langley Air Force Base.
  Part of their mission is to protect the Nation's Capital. They were 
the first scrambled and the first in the air and the first over the 
Nation's Capital on that very day, 9/11. We are so proud of them. They 
are the ones we saw in the air almost immediately after these attacks.
  Their mission, I told them, reminds me of something I read some long 
while ago. I don't know where it comes from, a verse that said: When 
the night is full of knives, and the lightning is seen, and the drums 
are heard, the patriots are always there, ready to fight and ready to 
die, if necessary, for freedom.
  A lot of patriots last September 11 said: I'm here and I'm ready to 
fight for freedom.
  In the weeks and months that followed the attacks of September 11, 
our country has come together like never before. We understand that we 
face a very special and unusual challenge. We are a big, wide open, 
free democracy. It is very hard to provide absolute security in every 
way, every day all around our country. We do not want any of us to 
diminish the basic freedoms that represent America, the basic freedoms 
in our Constitution. We do not want to diminish those freedoms in order 
to fight terrorism. We want to fight terrorism and eradicate terrorism 
wherever it exists. We want to preserve that which makes America 
unique, the most wonderful country on the face of the Earth.
  A year ago when I spoke in this Chamber about the events of September 
11, I recalled the words that Shakespeare wrote: Grief hath changed me 
since you saw me last.
  It continues to change us as we go forward carrying the heavy burden 
that grief imposes. But part of that change is much more than grief. 
Part of it is a steely resolve to respond forcefully and strongly and 
with precision to those who carried out the attacks 1 year ago. Our 
resolve in this year, in my judgment, has grown even stronger.
  This will be a day that Americans will think about for many decades 
to come, the September 11 anniversary of 2001. My hope is we rededicate 
ourselves today to the mission ahead and the challenge ahead to 
preserve our democracy. My hope is that today we also pay honor to the 
memory of those innocent Americans who lost their lives, and then say 
thank you to all of the heroes who, on September 11, extended forward 
and said: Let it be me to reach out and help. And especially we say 
thank you to the men and women of the Armed Forces who serve in harm's 
way all across the world.
  Finally, months after September 11, I was in Afghanistan, Baghram, 
Kabul, and that region of the world. As you fly into Afghanistan and 
look down through an airplane window to the hills and the mountains and 
understand that somewhere in caves deep in the mountains there were 
people plotting the murder of innocent Americans, you understand we 
cannot ever be oblivious to what is happening in the rest of the world. 
It can have a profound impact on the lives of those who cherish 
freedom.
  I say to the young men and women I met in Kabul and Baghram and 
elsewhere, thanks for your service to America. Thanks for helping us 
wage the fight against terrorism, a fight this country is determined 
and destined to win.
  I yield the floor.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from Alabama.
  Mr. SHELBY. Madam President, one year ago, America awoke to a tragic 
and devastating incarnation of hatred and evil. Incomprehensible to 
most citizens only a day before, the terrorist attacks of September 11 
dramatically changed our people, our country, and the entire world.
  Insulated for over 50 years from foreign attacks on our soil, 
Americans in an instant grasped the magnitude of the threat we face 
from terrorism. In the days after the attacks, the dangerous world in 
which we live never seemed more precarious.
  The immediate aftermath brought a tremendous outpouring of grief and 
sorrow.
  Our Nation mourned as the realities of the events of September 11 
penetrated our collective psyche. Candles were lit in remembrance and 
flags were flown in patriotic displays of unity. Stories of bravery and 
courage emerged in the wake of the attacks which helped to inspire and 
remind us of all that is great about the American spirit.
  This foundation of strength which was built in the days after the 
attacks prepared us for the challenges ahead, and helped harden our 
national resolve to deliver our enemies to justice.
  We live in a far different world than the one we occupied just 12 
months ago.
  With a clear sense of purpose our country has engaged the war on 
terrorism on every conceivable front. The vision outlined by President 
Bush in his September 20 address to the nation has been undertaken with 
extraordinary success. We have been vigilant in our fight to hunt down 
those responsible for the attacks, as well as those who might do us 
harm in the future. We have fortified our defenses and reorganized our 
government. Americans everywhere are more aware of their surroundings 
and remain defiant of those wishing to do us harm. We as a nation have 
grown stronger and more united than ever.
  We have been blessed with enormous freedoms and prosperity in this 
country. Over the course of our history, many Americans have made the 
ultimate sacrifice by giving their lives to protect our freedoms. 
Although we have enjoyed many years of peace, the events of September 
11 showed us that this fight is far from over.
  We must continue to build on the successes of the past year, and 
never become complacent with our victories. The burden cast upon our 
great Nation was one we neither asked for nor deserved, but we carry it 
on our shoulders consoled by the memories of those who went before us 
who sacrificed in the name of freedom.
  I yield the remainder of my time.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from Pennsylvania.

[[Page 16545]]


  Mr. SPECTER. In the absence of anybody else on the floor seeking 
recognition, I ask consent that I be permitted to speak for 5 minutes.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without objection, it is so ordered.
  Mr. SPECTER. Madam President, Senator Santorum, Senator Ensign, and I 
have just returned from memorial services in Shanksville, PA, 
commemorating the downing of Flight 93. It was truly an inspirational 
and emotional occurrence. The families of the victims of flight 93, the 
crew and passengers, were seated front and center, and then a large 
crowd was assembled, estimated in advance to be in the range of 20,000 
to 30,000 people.
  Gov. Mark Schweiker, Governor of Pennsylvania, spoke, as did former 
Gov. Tom Ridge, now the Homeland Security Director. There was not a dry 
eye in the entire assemblage. The message delivered by Governor 
Schweiker and Governor Ridge was a moment of remembrance, a moment of 
commemoration, and a moment of hope for the future, with a 
determination that a united America will repel terrorists wherever 
terrorists exist and that the struggle for freedom will be maintained 
and will be won.
  Governor Schweiker went to the Shanksville Elementary School in 
advance of the ceremony and brought to the assemblage, especially the 
families of victims of flight 93, this message from the Shanksville 
Elementary School:

       If God brought you to it, God will bring you through it.

  That brought quite a response.
  Churchill was quoted, I think, so appropriately:

       Never was so much owed by so many to so few.

  I think that is especially applicable to the Members of the Senate 
and the Members of the House of Representatives because flight 93 was 
headed to the U.S. Capitol. That had long been the speculation, and it 
was confirmed 2 days ago in an article in the New York Times, quoting 
members of al-Qaida.
  Ms. Sandy Dahl, wife of pilot Jason Dahl, made an emotional speech 
and later came down and sat right next to where I was sitting and was 
holding her infant daughter, Michaela, who will be 2 at the end of 
September. It was quite a poignant picture of the widow, grieving for 
what happened a year ago today, but holding her child and looking 
forward to the future. The child was smiling, and so was Mrs. Dahl, 
looking at her infant daughter.
  It is my hope that the Congress will yet act on legislation which has 
been introduced to grant Congressional Gold Medals to the 40 who were 
crew and passengers of flight 93. As I moved through the assembled 
ladies and gentlemen who were families of the victims and spoke to them 
and heard of their grief, the common thread was: Please move ahead. 
Thank you for the legislation--thanking the Congress for the 
legislation authorizing the creation of a memorial at Shanksville, a 
national memorial site, but also asking that our legislation for the 
Congressional Gold Medals be completed.
  The family of Georgine Rose Corrigan presented me with this photo and 
the ribbons, red, white, and blue. These photos were worn by so many--
virtually all of the families of the victims who were in attendance.
  Yesterday, I spoke on the floor of the Senate and said that sometime 
before dusk today I would ask unanimous consent for the consideration 
of the bill S. 1434, which has 69 cosponsors, which would grant the 
Congressional Gold Medal posthumously to the victims of flight 93. This 
bill should have been moved a long time ago. I have taken it up with 
the appropriate Senators to get it moved, and it has not moved because 
of the interest of some in expanding it to cover other victims--the 
firefighters, the police, and others.
  I certainly think it would be appropriate to grant recognition to all 
of those people. However, I think the victims of flight 93 are in a 
special category because they saved the Capitol.
  In order to avoid the complications of having a bill discharged from 
committee, I have consulted with the Parliamentarian as to the 
procedures for having a bill held at the desk.

                          ____________________