[Congressional Record (Bound Edition), Volume 148 (2002), Part 12]
[Senate]
[Pages 15953-15957]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office, www.gpo.gov]




  DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR AND RELATED AGENCIES APPROPRIATIONS ACT, 
                            2003--Continued

  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from West Virginia.


                           Amendment No. 4480

  Mr. BYRD. Madam President, I am about to send to the desk an 
amendment. Before doing so, let me just briefly tell Senators what this 
amendment is about.
  This amendment is being offered by myself, Senator Burns, Senator 
Stevens, and other Senators. It addresses the critical firefighting 
needs of the Forest Service and the Bureau of Land Management.
  As many of our colleagues know, 2002 is turning out to be one of the 
most devastating fire seasons on record. Therefore, our amendment 
provides $825 million in emergency funding to reimburse the various 
accounts from which these agencies are currently borrowing. Of the 
amount provided, $636 million is allocated to the Forest Service and 
$189 million is allocated to the Department of the Interior. These are 
the exact amounts requested by the President just last week.
  If anyone may think that this money is not needed, let me briefly 
state for the record, over the past 10 years the average number of 
acres burned by fire between January 1 and September 3 has been 3.2 
million acres. This year--this year--however, the comparable number of 
acres burned is 6.3 million, almost twice the 10-year average.
  This problem is much more than just numbers of acres burned. The 
devastation and destruction resulting from these fires is almost too 
much to comprehend. More than $1 billion will be spent on fighting 
fires, nearly 2,300 structures have been destroyed, and 20 brave 
firefighters have lost their lives. Clearly, this situation amounts to 
a domestic emergency of historic proportions.
  I send to the desk, Madam President, an amendment, the amendment to 
which I have already referred, for the clerk's reading, after which the 
amendment will be open to amendment.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The clerk will report the amendment.
  The legislative clerk read as follows:

       The Senator from West Virginia (Mr. Byrd), for himself, Mr. 
     Burns, Mr. Stevens, Mr. Reid, Mr. Domenici, Mrs. Murray, Mr. 
     Craig, Mr. Wyden, Mr. Kyl, and Mr. Baucus, proposes an 
     amendment numbered 4480.

  Mr. BYRD. Madam President, I ask unanimous consent that further 
reading of the amendment be dispensed with.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without objection, it is so ordered.
  The amendment is as follows:

  (Purpose: To provide funds to repay accounts from which funds were 
              borrowed for emergency wildfire suppression)

       On page 127, line 2, immediately following the ``.'' insert 
     the following:

           ``TITLE IV--WILDLAND FIRE EMERGENCY APPROPRIATIONS

                       DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

                       BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT

                        WILDLAND FIRE MANAGEMENT

       For necessary expenses to repay prior year advances from 
     other appropriations transferred for emergency rehabilitation 
     or wildfire suppression by the Department of the Interior, 
     $189,000,000, to be available immediately upon enactment of 
     this Act and to remain available until expended: Provided, 
     that the Secretary of the Interior shall certify in writing 
     to the House and Senate Committees on Appropriations within 
     30 days of receiving funds under this title which 
     appropriations accounts from which funds were advanced in 
     fiscal year 2002 for emergency rehabilitation or wildfire 
     suppression have been repaid and the amount of repayment: 
     Provided, further, That the entire amount is designated by 
     the Congress as an emergency requirement pursuant to section 
     251(b)(2)(A) of the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit 
     Control Act of 1985, as amended.

                             RELATED AGENCY

                       DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

                             FOREST SERVICE

                        WILDLAND FIRE MANAGEMENT

       For necessary expenses to repay prior year advances from 
     appropriations accounts from

[[Page 15954]]

     which funds were borrowed for wildlife suppression, 
     $636,000,000, to be available immediately upon enactment of 
     this Act and to remain available until expended: Provided, 
     that the Secretary of Agriculture shall certify in writing to 
     the House and Senate Committees on Appropriation within 30 
     days of receiving funds under this title which appropriations 
     accounts from which funds were advanced in fiscal year 2002 
     for wildfire suppression have been repaid and the amount or 
     repayment: Provided further, That the entire amount is 
     designated by the Congress as en emergency requirement 
     pursuant to section 251(b)(2)(A) of the Balanced Budget and 
     Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985, as amended.

  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from Montana.
  Mr. BURNS. Madam President, I am supportive of this amendment. I 
thank my chairman for offering this amendment. And nothing could be 
closer to the truth than the reason he stated for the appropriation of 
these funds.
  It is not just that it is over 6 million acres this year; it is where 
those acres are located, as we have seen more burning this year in the 
forest and urban interface areas than we have ever seen. And they have 
been devastating. It has been in areas where it could have and should 
have taken more management skills to prevent the fires, but, 
nonetheless, that is the situation in which we find ourselves.
  So I am very supportive of this amendment. I thank the chairman of 
the Appropriations Committee. As we debate this amendment today, I 
think the rest of the Senate will, too. Not only is there a shortfall 
in the funds that they had to borrow from in other programs that do 
other things that are very important within the Department of the 
Interior and the BLM, the Park Service, the Forest Service, but other 
programs suffered because of these devastating fires this year.
  So I thank my chairman and look forward to working with him as we 
move this legislation through the Senate.
  I yield the floor, Madam President.
  Mr. BAUCUS. Will the Senator yield for a unanimous consent request 
that I be added as a cosponsor of this amendment?
  Mr. BYRD. Yes. Absolutely. I make that unanimous consent request, 
Madam President.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without objection, it is so ordered.
  The majority leader.
  Mr. DASCHLE. Madam President, I want to also indicate my strong 
support for the amendment just offered by Senator Byrd.
  Like many States in the West and throughout the country, South Dakota 
has suffered this year, especially from fires that have devastated many 
parts of the Black Hills in particular. Thousands of acres have been 
lost. So, clearly, this legislation is needed.
  I am pleased the administration recently indicated, for the first 
time, its willingness to support, on an emergency basis, additional 
funds for firefighting. So I am grateful to the distinguished chairman 
for his amendment. I strongly support it.


                Amendment No. 4481 To Amendment No. 4480

  Madam President, I am mystified, however, that the administration, 
while willing to support, on an emergency basis, the funds necessary to 
fight fires, has, at least up until now, expressed opposition to 
providing assistance to those who are suffering from drought. In many 
cases, drought can be just as devastating economically as fires. The 
response on the part of the Federal Government is every bit as 
important as it is for fires. There appears to be a disconnect between 
those who support funding to fight fires and those who oppose funding 
for purposes of fighting drought.
  So I intend to offer an amendment on behalf of Senators Baucus, 
Johnson, Harkin, Carnahan, Burns, Dorgan, Nelson of Nebraska, Stabenow, 
Levin, Clinton, Lincoln, Conrad, Wellstone, Dayton, Schumer, and Reid. 
I send the amendment to the desk.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The clerk will report the amendment.
  The legislative clerk read as follows:

       The Senator from South Dakota, [Mr. Daschle], for himself, 
     Mr. Baucus, Mr. Johnson, Mr. Harkin, Mrs. Carnahan, Mr. 
     Burns, Mr. Dorgan, Mr. Nelson of Nebraska, Ms. Stabenow, Mr. 
     Levin, Mrs. Clinton, Mrs. Lincoln, Mr. Conrad, Mr. Wellstone, 
     Mr. Dayton, Mr. Schumer, and Mr. Reid proposes an amendment 
     numbered 4481 to amendment No. 4480.

  Mr. DASCHLE. Madam President, I ask unanimous consent that reading of 
the amendment be dispensed with.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without objection, it is so ordered.
  The amendment is as follows:

  (Purpose: To provide emergency disaster assistance to agricultural 
                               producers)

       At the appropriate place, insert the following:

          TITLE __--EMERGENCY AGRICULTURAL DISASTER ASSISTANCE

     SEC. __01. CROP DISASTER ASSISTANCE.

       (a) In General.--Notwithstanding section 508(b)(7) of the 
     Federal Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1508(b)(7)), the 
     Secretary of Agriculture (referred to in this title as the 
     ``Secretary'') shall use such sums as are necessary of funds 
     of the Commodity Credit Corporation to make emergency 
     financial assistance authorized under this section available 
     to producers on a farm that have incurred qualifying crop 
     losses for the 2001 or 2002 crop due to damaging weather or 
     related condition, as determined by the Secretary.
       (b) Administration.--The Secretary shall make assistance 
     available under this section in the same manner as provided 
     under section 815 of the Agriculture, Rural Development, Food 
     and Drug Administration, and Related Agencies Appropriations 
     Act, 2001 (Public Law 106-387; 114 Stat. 1549A-55), including 
     using the same loss thresholds for the quantity and quality 
     losses as were used in administering that section.

     SEC. __02. LIVESTOCK ASSISTANCE PROGRAM.

       (a) In General.--The Secretary shall use such sums as are 
     necessary of funds of the Commodity Credit Corporation as are 
     necessary to make and administer payments for livestock 
     losses to producers for 2001 and 2002 losses in a county that 
     has received an emergency designation by the President or the 
     Secretary after January 1, 2001, and January 1, 2002, 
     respectively, of which an amount determined by the Secretary 
     shall be made available for the American Indian livestock 
     program under section 806 of the Agriculture, Rural 
     Development, Food and Drug Administration, and Related 
     Agencies Appropriations Act, 2001 (Public Law 106-387; 114 
     Stat. 1549A-51).
       (b) Administration.--The Secretary shall make assistance 
     available under this section in the same manner as provided 
     under section 806 of the Agriculture, Rural Development, Food 
     and Drug Administration, and Related Agencies Appropriations 
     Act, 2001 (Public Law 105-277; 114 Stat. 1549A-51).

     SEC. __03. COMMODITY CREDIT CORPORATION.

       The Secretary shall use the funds, facilities, and 
     authorities of the Commodity Credit Corporation to carry out 
     this title upon enactment.

     SEC. __04. REGULATIONS.

       (a) In General.--The Secretary may promulgate such 
     regulations as are necessary to implement this title.
       (b) Procedure.--The promulgation of the regulations and 
     administration of this title shall be made without regard 
     to--
       (1) the notice and comment provisions of section 553 of 
     title 5, United States Code;
       (2) the Statement of Policy of the Secretary of Agriculture 
     effective July 24, 1971 (36 Fed. Reg. 13804), relating to 
     notices of proposed rulemaking and public participation in 
     rulemaking; and
       (3) chapter 35 of title 44, United States Code (commonly 
     known as the ``Paperwork Reduction Act'').
       (c) Congressional Review of Agency Rulemaking.--In carrying 
     out this section, the Secretary shall use the authority 
     provided under section 808 of title 5, United States Code.

     SEC. __05. EMERGENCY DESIGNATION.

       (a) In General.--The entire amount made available under 
     this title shall be available only to the extent that the 
     President submits to Congress an official budget request for 
     a specific dollar amount that includes designation of the 
     entire amount of the request as an emergency requirement for 
     the purposes of the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit 
     Control Act of 1985 (2 U.S.C. 900 et seq.).
       (b) Designation.--The entire amount made available under 
     this section is designated by Congress as an emergency 
     requirement under sections 251(b)(2)(A) and 252(e) of that 
     Act (2 U.S.C. 901(b)(2)(A), 902(e)).

  Mr. BYRD. Madam President, would the distinguished majority leader 
add my name to the list of Senators who are cosponsors of this measure?
  Mr. DASCHLE. Madam President, I would be happy to add the name of the 
distinguished Senator from West Virginia, Mr. Byrd, as a cosponsor. I 
ask unanimous consent that he be added as a cosponsor of the amendment.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without objection, it is so ordered.
  Mr. DASCHLE. Madam President, first of all, let me also express 
publicly my appreciation to Senator Byrd for his accommodation of my 
schedule this morning. He was prepared to offer his

[[Page 15955]]

amendment some time ago and withheld doing so in order to accommodate 
my schedule. As always, he is very courteous, and has been very helpful 
to me in this case. I appreciate his cooperation.
  Madam President, when the Senate passed the farm bill 202 days ago, 
we agreed, overwhelmingly, to include assistance for farmers and 
ranchers who suffered serious economic losses as a result of natural 
disasters during the crop-year of last year. Madam President, 69 
Senators--Republicans and Democrats--voted to include that assistance 
in the farm bill.
  The administration at that time, and Republican House leaders, 
objected. In conference, they threatened to block any farm bill from 
passing unless we removed the natural disaster assistance for this 
year. They said they would block all assistance for farmers and 
ranchers unless we agreed to drop disaster assistance.
  So, reluctantly, we agreed. But we said, when the farm bill passed, 
that the need for disaster assistance for farmers and ranchers would 
not go away. It would only get worse, and we would have to revisit the 
issue. That is what we are doing once again today.
  Our amendment is simple and straightforward. It does not create a new 
program. All it does is fund existing crop loss and livestock 
assistance programs for this year and last year. It does, in other 
words, exactly what 69 Senators agreed to do 202 days ago.
  There are some who said we should not spend another dollar on 
agriculture. They say the new farm bill is more than generous. I want 
to make an important distinction. The new farm bill covers loss due to 
low prices. It does not cover losses due to natural disasters. Farmers 
and ranchers all across America are suffering staggering losses due to 
natural disasters.
  In fact, in yesterday's Wall Street Journal there was a report that 
indicated the current drought may be the most expensive in all of U.S. 
history.
  According to the Journal:

       The U.S. may be looking at the most expensive drought in 
     United States history, inflicting economic damage far beyond 
     the Farm Belt.

  In South Dakota, the drought is costing farmers upwards of $5 million 
a day. All told, the impact on my State alone is estimated to be $1.8 
billion to agriculture and rural business. Things are getting worse by 
the day. Some counties have had less rain this year than they had in 
1936, at the height of the Dust Bowl.
  For as long as I can remember, the Congress has agreed that disaster 
relief constitutes an emergency. Disaster relief for wildfires, 
tornadoes, floods, or any other natural disaster is truly an emergency. 
It is astounding to me now that during what may be the most serious of 
all droughts we have had in U.S. history, some people would want to 
change that. They would say that farmers and ranchers don't need or 
don't deserve disaster assistance. They are wrong.
  The farm bill doesn't include funds to help farmers and ranchers 
weather this unprecedented set of circumstances. Unless we act, many of 
them simply will not survive.
  We should not discriminate against those who are hurting simply 
because of the nature of the disaster. Whether it is caused by floods 
or droughts or wildfires, whether it devastates Texas or South Dakota 
or any other State, an emergency is an emergency. Sixty-nine of us 
recognized that fundamental fact 202 days ago. I urge my colleagues to 
reaffirm it as we consider this amendment.
  I yield the floor.


                    Amendment No. 4481, As Modified

  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from West Virginia.
  Mr. BYRD. Madam President, may I ask the distinguished majority 
leader: The leader and the assistant leader and the distinguished 
ranking member of the subcommittee, Mr. Burns, Mr. Baucus, and I 
earlier had a discussion to the extent that the offeror, the author of 
the amendment, Mr. Daschle, would modify the amendment to make it read 
that the funds would be available in fiscal year 2002 and that the 
amount would be charged to the Committee on Agriculture, the 
authorizing committee. Are these provisions included in the amendment?
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The majority leader.
  Mr. DASCHLE. If I could respond to the distinguished Senator from 
West Virginia, I would confirm that the issues raised just now by the 
distinguished Senator are ones to which we have agreed. Obviously, we 
have to incorporate the appropriate language in order to accommodate 
that agreement. It is my intention to do so. At some point, I will ask 
unanimous consent that the amendment be so modified to accommodate 
those requests.
  Let me reiterate, they would involve charging whatever funds may be 
used against the Agriculture Committee. I would draw a distinction 
between that implication or that requirement and any implication that 
that would entail using funds from the recently passed farm bill. The 
Congressional Budget Office has indicated we are not able to do that, 
to draw funds from the farm bill, per se. But none of us has any 
objection to charging the funds against the committee itself.
  Let me also say, we certainly have no objection to ensuring that 
those funds are taken from the fiscal year 2002 budget allocation and 
not the 2003.
  So we certainly would be in agreement with both recommendations and 
would be offering modifying language when we have it. I understand the 
language is now at the desk. I ask unanimous consent that the amendment 
be so modified.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from West Virginia.
  Mr. BYRD. Madam President, as I understand it, the author of the 
amendment needs no consent to modify his amendment at this point, no 
action having been taken on his amendment.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator is correct.
  Mr. DASCHLE. I simply would then modify my amendment.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The amendment is so modified.
  The amendment (No. 4481), as modified, is as follows:

       At the appropriate place, insert the following:

          TITLE __--EMERGENCY AGRICULTURAL DISASTER ASSISTANCE

     SEC. __01. CROP DISASTER ASSISTANCE.

       (a) In General.--Notwithstanding section 508(b)(7) of the 
     Federal Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1508(b)(7)), the 
     Secretary of Agriculture (referred to in this title as the 
     ``Secretary'') shall use such sums as are necessary of funds 
     of the Commodity Credit Corporation to make emergency 
     financial assistance authorized under this section available 
     to producers on a farm that have incurred qualifying crop 
     losses for the 2001 or 2002 crop due to damaging weather or 
     related condition, as determined by the Secretary.
       (b) Administration.--The Secretary shall make assistance 
     available under this section in the same manner as provided 
     under section 815 of the Agriculture, Rural Development, Food 
     and Drug Administration, and Related Agencies Appropriations 
     Act, 2001 (Public Law 106-387; 114 Stat. 1549A-55), including 
     using the same loss thresholds for the quantity and quality 
     losses as were used in administering that section.

     SEC. __02. LIVESTOCK ASSISTANCE PROGRAM.

       (a) In General.--The Secretary shall use such sums as are 
     necessary of funds of the Commodity Credit Corporation as are 
     necessary to make and administer payments for livestock 
     losses to producers for 2001 and 2002 losses in a county that 
     has received an emergency designation by the President or the 
     Secretary after January 1, 2001, and January 1, 2002, 
     respectively, of which an amount determined by the Secretary 
     shall be made available for the American Indian livestock 
     program under section 806 of the Agriculture, Rural 
     Development, Food and Drug Administration, and Related 
     Agencies Appropriations Act, 2001 (Public Law 106-387; 114 
     Stat. 1549A-51).
       (b) Administration.--The Secretary shall make assistance 
     available under this section in the same manner as provided 
     under section 806 of the Agriculture, Rural Development, Food 
     and Drug Administration, and Related Agencies Appropriations 
     Act, 2001 (Public Law 105-277; 114 Stat. 1549A-51).

     SEC. __03. COMMODITY CREDIT CORPORATION.

       The Secretary shall use the funds, facilities, and 
     authorities of the Commodity Credit Corporation to carry out 
     this title upon enactment.

     SEC. __04. REGULATIONS.

       (a) In General.--The Secretary may promulgate such 
     regulations as are necessary to implement this title.
       (b) Procedure.--The promulgation of the regulations and 
     administration of this title shall be made without regard 
     to--

[[Page 15956]]

       (1) the notice and comment provisions of section 553 of 
     title 5, United States Code;
       (2) the Statement of Policy of the Secretary of Agriculture 
     effective July 24, 1971 (36 Fed. Reg. 13804), relating to 
     notices of proposed rulemaking and public participation in 
     rulemaking; and
       (3) chapter 35 of title 44, United States Code (commonly 
     known as the ``Paperwork Reduction Act'').
       (c) Congressional Review of Agency Rulemaking.--In carrying 
     out this section, the Secretary shall use the authority 
     provided under section 808 of title 5, United States Code.

     SEC. __05. EMERGENCY DESIGNATION.

       (a) In General.--The entire amount made available under 
     this title shall be available only to the extent that the 
     President submits to Congress an official budget request for 
     a specific dollar amount that includes designation of the 
     entire amount of the request as an emergency requirement for 
     the purposes of the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit 
     Control Act of 1985 (2 U.S.C. 900 et seq.).
       (b) Designation.--The entire amount made available under 
     this section is designated by Congress as an emergency 
     requirement under sections 251(b)(2)(A) and 252(e) of that 
     Act (2 U.S.C. 901(b)(2)(A), 902(e)).

     SEC.   . CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET ACT.

       Notwithstanding Rule 3 of the Budget Scorekeeping 
     Guidelines set forth in the joint explanatory statement of 
     the committee of conference accompanying Conference Report 
     105-217, the provisions of this section that would have been 
     estimated by the Office of Management and Budget as changing 
     direct spending or receipts under section 252 of the Balanced 
     Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985 were it 
     included in an Act other than an appropriations Act shall be 
     treated as direct spending or receipts legislation, as 
     appropriate, under section 252 of the Balanced Budget and 
     Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985, and by the Chairman of 
     the Senate Budget Committee, as appropriate, under the 
     Congressional Budget Act.

  Mr. BYRD. I thank the distinguished majority leader.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from Montana.
  Mr. BAUCUS. Madam President, I think finally we are here. Finally we 
will pass agricultural disaster assistance which is so needed by many 
farmers and ranchers throughout our country. The amendment now pending 
is the amendment I offered which got 69 votes just 200 days ago. It has 
been modified.
  My colleague, Senator Burns, and I have modified the amendment so it 
applies to years 2001 and 2002--that is, to crop losses and livestock 
losses in both those years--whereas the earlier amendment I offered 
covered losses only in the year 2001. This has been a devastating year, 
in addition to 2001 being a devastating year.
  Mother Nature works in strange ways. Some parts of America are hit in 
some years rather than others. It doesn't rain in some parts of our 
country in some years, whereas it does in others. That is true within 
States. Last year was worse for my State of Montana, and this year is a 
little bit better, but not a lot.
  For Montana, it is not just 2 years of drought, it is successive 
years of drought. It is 4 or more years depending upon where you are 
located in my State. I say that not only because of the obvious 
implication that there are 4 years of farmers who are not producing the 
quality or quantity of crops that they should, but also because of the 
perverse way crop insurance works. I point this out to my colleagues 
who may not be as steeped in agricultural policy as others.
  I ask unanimous consent, even though we will get into morning 
business, that I be allowed to continue as in morning business.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without objection, it is so ordered.
  Mr. BAUCUS. The perverse operation of crop insurance is that with 
each successive year's drought, premiums rise but coverage decreases. 
That is how crop insurance works; namely, premiums rise during years of 
droughts and coverage declines.
  Some might ask, why do we need agricultural disaster assistance when 
we have Federal crop insurance? That is a good point. Federal crop 
insurance is helpful. Federal crop insurance is widely available in 
most parts of the country. The fact is, crop insurance today provides 
less coverage than is needed because of the perverse effect of the 
operation of the program and does not negate the need to provide 
natural disaster.
  Again, to repeat, in successive years of drought, premiums that 
farmers pay for Federal crop insurance rise and the coverage continues 
to decline with each year that passes during a natural disaster. That 
is the way it works because farmers have less of production history, 
less acreage in a prior year that is available.
  Add to that, when you have successive years of drought, it might rain 
this year, as it has in some parts of my State, but that is just the 
surface soil that is given moisture. It is the subsurface soil down 1, 
2, 3 feet that is parched. It is so dry. A lot of crops have roots that 
go deeper. In addition, very dry subsurface soil has an effect on the 
moisture content at the surface. So there are many reasons this has 
just mounted.
  In 1996--I can only speak for Montana; I cannot speak as 
authoritatively for other States--before these successive years of 
drought began, farmers received almost $1 billion in cash receipts from 
wheat; $847 million, to be precise. Last year, 5 years into the 
drought, Montana received only $317 million in cash receipts--that is a 
62-percent decline--just because of the drought.
  The same is true with livestock. We are talking about not only crop 
assistance but also livestock because in drought years feed prices are 
extremely high and ranchers are liquidating their herds. The range is 
in poor condition. It just adds up and has a very detrimental 
cumulative effect.
  Agriculture is more than 50 percent of my State's economy. It is 
truly the backbone of our State's economy. So a drought affects not 
only farmers and ranchers specifically, but it affects communities, it 
affects schools and businesses, because when farmers don't have a crop, 
what happens? They are not buying seed, they are not buying fertilizer, 
not buying fuel, not buying all the staples that go into agriculture.
  When that happens, clearly, the towns begin to suffer dramatically. 
It affects our schools and the income available to schools. It affects 
the psychology of the communities. More than that, it affects the 
number of people who are willing to stay and fight and live in those 
communities.
  Many communities in Montana are losing population. If we don't get 
this agricultural disaster assistance, I can guarantee you that the 
failure is going to hasten the decline of the populations in many parts 
of our country. I can speak personally for parts of my State of 
Montana.
  The leader made an excellent point a few minutes ago, which is that 
we passed a farm bill that addressed economic assistance for farmers. 
It is needed because the earlier farm program, ``freedom to fail'' was 
just that; it hurt farmers. There was no safety net. Farmers fell 
through the cracks and holes in the safety net. We didn't have a basic 
underpinning for people. Not only was it necessary for farmers to have 
that underpinning, but I want to remind my colleagues that we have a 
big battle with other countries that support their farmers much more 
than America supports its farmers.
  I also might point out an interesting statistic, which is that 
agricultural trade barriers worldwide average about 60 percent. 
Manufacturing trade barriers and tariffs average about 5 percent. We 
Americans have very few barriers to agricultural trade. There are some 
commodities, such as peanuts and sugar, that have some assistance, but 
when it comes to the basic commodities of wheat and barley, we have 
virtually no protective subsidies. We have no trade barriers to help 
our industries, whereas, as I mentioned before, the average 
agricultural trade barrier worldwide is 60 percent. So, clearly, we 
have to help our people when other countries are helping theirs so much 
more than we are.
  Second, in 1975, the European Union was the largest net importer of 
agricultural products. They didn't like that, so they started doing 
something about that. They decided to enact various measures within 
Europe, price levies, agricultural export subsidies, and similar 
measures. By 1985, Europe was the largest net exporter of agricultural 
products. That was a big turnaround in

[[Page 15957]]

10 years because of the degree to which they were protecting their 
producers.
  Eighty-two percent or eighty-six percent of the world's agricultural 
export subsidies are European Union. Their agricultural export 
subsidies are about 85 percent of the world's agricultural export 
subsidies. What are America's? Maybe 2 percent. Our Export Enhancement 
Program is just peanuts compared with what the Europeans do. So we have 
to fight and we have to help our farmers. The farm bill was to help our 
farmers.
  We are talking today about something totally different. What is it? 
We are not talking about assistance for low prices, we are talking 
about disaster assistance. When there are tornadoes, our country 
responds with disaster assistance. When there are floods, our country 
responds with disaster assistance. We had the Trade Towers tragedy--an 
unspeakable tragedy--and our country responded to that disaster. We are 
simply stating--all of us who are sponsoring this amendment--in fact, I 
was the original author of this amendment along with Senator Burns. We 
are saying here is another disaster, but not because of a tornado, 
earthquake, or floods, but because of the drought, people need help. 
There is no reason that drought should play by a different set of rules 
than other natural disasters.
  We have the opportunity today to keep our rural communities and 
economies alive. Rural America is resilient. And like them, I will not 
give up. Thousands of people are suffering from the relentless drought. 
They deserve emergency agricultural assistance and I will continue to 
fight until we are successful.
  I urge my colleagues to support this amendment. It is long overdue 
and desperately needed.
  I yield the floor.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. Johnson). The Senator from Minnesota is 
recognized.
  Mr. WELLSTONE. Mr. President, I will be brief. I know others want to 
speak.
  I think I speak for the Presiding Officer, given what he has seen in 
South Dakota. Senator Daschle also talked about the drought. Let me 
make this appeal to my colleagues. In northwestern Minnesota, there are 
17 counties that have been declared Federal disasters. In our case, it 
is the flooding. I cannot remember more emotional gatherings I have 
ever been to since I have been in the Senate. We have had a lot of this 
kind of flooding, and I have been in towns devastated by tornadoes.
  I make this appeal to my colleagues. Never in the years I have been a 
Senator--and I will be finishing up my 12th year--have I voted against 
disaster assistance for any community anywhere in the United States of 
America, whether it is tornadoes, hurricanes, fire, drought, or whether 
it is flooding. I believe this is a perfect example of there but for 
the grace of God go I. The devastation to so much rich farmland in 
Minnesota and to those farmers and these communities is not because 
people have been bad managers. Nobody asked for this. As Senator 
Daschle said, we are not talking about countercyclical income for low 
prices; we are talking about disaster relief.
  So I will say to every Senator, Democrat and Republican, we hope we 
will have your support. This is what we do as a community. This is what 
we do as a national community. We provide help to people. I know the 
President has said no to this. I wish he would take another position. 
But I really believe Senators understand full well that this kind of 
disaster can happen to any community in any one of our States, and I 
think this is a time when we really should come together, a time when 
we become a community to help communities.
  I am so pleased that this amendment is on the floor. I know we are 
soon going to go back to the homeland defense bill, but tomorrow we 
will be back on this amendment. Tomorrow, there will be an up-or-down 
vote. Tomorrow, I hope Senators will vote for this. Right now, for me, 
as a Senator from Minnesota, it is a priority to get help to these 
people. A lot of farmers and a lot of people in northwestern Minnesota 
really need the help. Please provide that help.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from North Dakota is recognized.

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