[Congressional Record (Bound Edition), Volume 147 (2001), Part 16]
[House]
[Pages 23065-23071]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office, www.gpo.gov]



   ECO-TERRORISM, THE CHARACTER COUNTS PROGRAM, MISSILE DEFENSE, AND 
                           MILITARY TRIBUNALS

  The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under the Speaker's announced policy of 
January 3, 2001, the gentleman from Colorado (Mr. McInnis) is 
recognized for 60 minutes as the designee of the majority leader.
  Mr. McINNIS. Mr. Speaker, this evening I want to take a few minutes 
to talk about a number of subjects which I think are very important, 
especially considering the times that we are in.
  The first subject that I want to talk about is domestic terrorism. 
Specifically, I want to focus in on ecoterrorism and talk a few minutes 
about that.
  Second, an exciting program which has been implemented in many 
schools across the country, the program Character Counts. This evening 
I am just going to do kind of a teaser on it and discuss some of the 
elements of the program, but I intend later to go into much more depth 
about the program and why it would be important for my colleagues to 
try to encourage their local schools to adopt the program Character 
Counts.
  Then I would like to move on to a subject which I have addressed many 
times, and that is missile defense and the importance of missile 
defense.
  I would also like to touch on the military tribunals that the 
President has proposed for war criminals, not for American citizens but 
for those individuals who have committed acts of war against the United 
States.
  Keep in mind that military tribunals were first used by George 
Washington, Abraham Lincoln and President Roosevelt. The United States 
Supreme Court on a number of occasions has found that military 
tribunals are constitutional, so our discussion this evening about 
military tribunals will not be on constitutionality because that issue 
has been determined. Our discussion this evening should center more 
instead on why they are necessary, why they are important and of what 
benefit are military tribunals to the United States of America in its 
continued and long-lasting fight against terrorism worldwide.
  Let me begin with terrorism on a domestic picture. For some reason, 
over the last few years there seems to be kind of a Robin Hood image 
given to those people who are so dedicated to the environment that they 
think that their dedication to the environment justifies acts of 
terrorism against the property of others and at some point in time 
against humans and other citizens in the United States.
  This Robin Hood picture is kind of being played on by the media. It 
is not a noble act. Environmental terrorism is not the way to 
accomplish their means. There are many active organizations in this 
country who care very, very deeply about the protection of the 
environment. Many of us on this floor, including myself, care very 
deeply about the environment.
  Obviously, on many occasions we have a difference of opinion. In 
fact, on this House floor, the two sides of the aisle are sometimes 
urban versus rural. We have deeply held differences with the people 
from the other side of the aisle or with our colleagues from another 
State. For example, in Colorado

[[Page 23066]]

we generally find ourselves with strong differences on issues of 
Colorado water when we discuss that issue with Members from the State 
of California, which is a large user of water from the Colorado River.
  But never on this floor, never on this floor do we engage in 
conversation or strategy or do we engage in the actual act of terrorism 
against our colleagues who disagree with us on this floor. We have 
never even heard of that. It has never been considered. If it were 
considered, it would be quickly squashed by my colleagues under our own 
self-policing process. Members just do not do it.
  In America we have a process which has been defined more accurately 
against September 11, a process which allows us a legal venue to carry 
these disputes. There is no justification for domestic terrorism. I do 
not care whether we are talking about a bomb on the Greenpeace ship, or 
a threat on an abortion clinic, or if Members are talking about 
organizations like ELF, which is an organization completely focused on 
accomplishing goals for the environment through the tool of terrorism. 
It has no place in the United States of America.
  Recently, I contacted a number of environmental organizations across 
the country and asked them to join me, to join my coalition, my 
coalition consisting of several of my colleagues' joint effort with me, 
our coalition, to come out as a group and speak against, regardless of 
which side of the spectrum Members are on, come out as a coalition, 
just like we have done for international terrorism, to come out as a 
coalition and speak against domestic terrorism under the name of the 
environment.
  I have actually been a little surprised by some of the responses I 
have received. Over the weekend, there was a nasty article in the 
Denver Post, a letter to the editor. It is amazing how people squirm to 
somehow say why do you ask us to join your team against environmental 
terrorism? Do you think that we are terrorists? I have never said that. 
Organizations like the national Sierra Club, other organizations, I do 
not think that they are terrorists. But there are some organizations 
that, under the guise of the environment, are terrorists, and they 
commit acts of terrorism.
  It is justified to ask every legitimate organization in this country 
to join the coalition that we are putting together to speak out as a 
unified voice, to speak out against acts of terror and against those 
people who think that it is the lesser evil for protection of the 
environment.
  I had some negative responses to my letter, asking, not accusing 
anybody of terrorism, asking them to join our team, kind of like the 
President said, you are either with us or you are not with us. The same 
context as this letter. Hey, join us, help us. Because, frankly, 
environmental organizations like the Sierra Club, like some of these 
other national organizations, a lot of people look to them for guidance 
on the environment.
  In a lot of cases I disagree with the national Sierra Club, not so 
much with the local but the national policies, especially when it 
regards the Colorado Rockies in my district. But the fact is I have 
never considered that organization or the organization of Greenpeace a 
terrorist organization. They do not advocate it. I have never seen any 
evidence that they are proponents of terrorism.
  On the other hand, these groups are nationally recognized, and 
perhaps some of the radicals who are committing ecoterrorist acts will 
listen to what these organizations say and listen to their experienced 
opinion that terrorism does nothing but hurt the cause. It does not 
help forward the cause of the environment. Committing acts of 
ecoterrorism, as they did in my district and throughout this Nation, 
those acts did not further the cause of the environment.
  In fact, what it does is it makes the people who really care about 
the environment, the organizations like the national Sierra Club and 
others, it kind of draws them in by association. Even though they are 
not associated, it draws them in by association and starts to give a 
black eye to what otherwise might be a legitimate cause.

                              {time}  2015

  So why would someone not join our effort, our coalition? I got some 
positive responses, though, and I think some very mature responses, one 
might say, very well thought-out responses. I would like to read one of 
them from the Natural Resources Defense Council:

       Dear Congressman McInnis and Chairman Hansen:
       Thank you for your letter of October 30 in which you and 
     your colleagues invited us to repeat our long-held position 
     concerning violence by some who claim to be part of the 
     environmental movement. Let me state, therefore, that the 
     Natural Resources Defense Council unequivocally condemns and 
     abhors any act of violence committed in the name of 
     environmental protection. Violence has no place in the 
     struggle to protect the earth and its people from the ravages 
     of pollution and exposure to toxic chemicals. There is no 
     excuse for fire bombings and other acts of violence that you 
     have detailed in your letter. We are blessed to be living in 
     a country where people are free to have differing opinions on 
     matters of public policy. Moreover, it is especially at times 
     such as these when we see the horrible way in which 
     disagreements are handled in other countries that we 
     appreciate our American tradition of honest, forthright and 
     civilized debate. As you know, the Natural Resources Defense 
     Council's more than 500,000 members from all 50 States feel 
     strongly that our children have entrusted the earth to us for 
     safekeeping until they are ready to assume their place as 
     leaders. We will continue to fight what we consider bad 
     public policy with every legal means at our disposal. And as 
     we find ourselves in agreement on at least one issue, that 
     violence has no place in policy debate, I want you to know we 
     would be pleased to discuss environmental policy issues with 
     you, your colleagues and your staff at any time that is 
     convenient.

  And that is signed by the executive director.
  That violence has no place in policy debate. There are lots of policy 
debates on environmental issues, but as it was very clearly stated in 
this letter, as I have very clearly stated on a number of occasions, 
violence has no place in this public policy debate.
  Over the weekend, I had an opportunity to write a response in the 
Denver Post. I would like very briefly to read this and put this as a 
matter of record. Let me say that in regards to ecoterrorism, this is 
not something that has happened since September 11. We suffered a 
horrible loss in our district, not horrible as compared to the horrible 
loss we have suffered over at the Pentagon and New York City. Those two 
do not compare, other than the fact that they are both acts of 
terrorism. Unfortunately, we had horrific loss of life on September 11.
  But what is happening with ecoterrorism in this country is gradually 
and over time throughout and probably riding this kind of concept that 
they are a Robin Hood or that it is the lesser of two evils, that 
somehow terrorism is justified in environmental policy arguments, we 
begin to see groups like ELF, which is the Earth Liberation 
Organization, and ALF, which deals with the animal rights group, we are 
beginning to see that these organizations are becoming bolder and 
bolder in their acts of property terrorism; and soon unfortunately I am 
afraid that these acts of property terrorism such as burning down the 
lodge in Vail which was a $12 million lodge and by the way as a result 
of them burning down this lodge, the ELF organization, what happened is 
now we had to use twice as many logs as we would have used before, they 
have put a lot of people out of work.
  There was clearly no justification for this, but they are becoming 
bolder. One of these days by accident or intentionally they are going 
to take human life, all in the name of the environment, which as I 
stated and I would like to repeat this letter because I think it is an 
outstanding letter from the Natural Resources Defense Council which, by 
the way, is a very well-respected, very active environmental 
organization.
  Bombing and fire bombings have no place in this argument. Acts of 
violence have no place in the policy debate of the environment.
  Let me read my response:
  ``Several comments attributed to me by critics are at best taken out 
of context, a self-serving manner in order to

[[Page 23067]]

make their case appear stronger. As America begins the long haul back 
following the monumentally tragic events of September 11, we all have 
to come to more fully appreciate and understand the cancerous effect of 
terrorism on free and civilized people. Now more than ever, America 
knows in its collective heart of hearts that terrorism, no matter its 
form, and no matter its motivation, is intolerable. Whether it is 
crashing a plane into the Pentagon, sending a mysterious white powder 
to an abortion clinic, burning up a Greenpeace ship or burning a Vail 
lodge into the ground, terrorism has no place. I am chairman of a House 
subcommittee charged with overseeing our national forests. One form of 
terrorism is high on the committee's radar screen, ecoterrorism. While 
not as menacing or destructive as the terrorist attacks of September 
11, environmentally motivated violence has nonetheless reached such a 
level that the FBI now recognizes it as one of America's primary 
domestic terrorism threats. Let me repeat that. The FBI now recognizes 
it as one of America's primary domestic terrorism threats. Shockingly, 
ecoterrorists continue their war against American communities, fire 
bombing a biomedical research lab and a Federal facility just days 
after America was rocked by Osama bin Laden and his network of 
terrorists.
  ``Ecoterrorism is not an imagined problem. Environmental vigilantism 
is on the rise and it is for real. Recently the national dialogue about 
ecoterrorism took a heated turn when a handful of environmental groups 
objected to a letter written by myself and several of my colleagues 
urging organizations to openly disavow the action of ecosaboteurs like 
the Earth Liberation Front and its sister organization, the Animal 
Liberation Front.
  ``ELF, as the Earth Liberation Front is known, and ALF, as the Animal 
Liberation Front is known, have reigned terror on communities in all 
corners of the United States over the course of the last decade; 
setting fire to homes, academic research labs, government buildings and 
many businesses.
  ``Colorado has not been immune from this type of ecoterrorism threat. 
In 1998 ELF's henchmen burned a $12 million ski lodge in Vail to the 
ground. In all, these groups have prosecuted a campaign of terror with 
a price tag well over $40 million, and it is just a matter of time 
before human life is taken.
  ``Alarmingly, ELF and ALF, and other like-minded radicals, have found 
refuge in certain circles of the popular press. Instead of being 
forcefully condemned, too often these groups have received a wink and 
nod and a rhetorical pat on the head from those who view 
environmentally motivated violence as a lesser evil in the furtherance 
of a greater society of good.
  ``A National Public Radio guest commentator, and I stress guest 
commentator, when recently reporting on a series of arsons in Arizona, 
then thought to be the handiwork of ecoterrorists, offered a shocking 
on-the-air endorsement of environmental push saying she would be happy 
to buy matches for the ecoarsonists the next time they were prepared to 
strike.''
  I should add, taking away from the letter for a moment, that National 
Public Radio readily acknowledged that this should not have been on the 
commentary, that it was not professional journalism, and I can tell my 
colleagues that National Public Radio apologized. I felt they acted in 
a very professional manner, but let me continue.
  ``In 1999, a story in the Portland Oregonian chronicled a subtle and 
sometimes not so subtle, claim that certain members of mainstream 
society offer groups like ELF. It is exactly this kind of thinking and 
rhetoric that fuels the destructive tendencies of environmental 
terrorists. If America is going to get the upper hand on ecoterrorists, 
we have got to strip away the Robin Hood mystique and perceived moral 
high ground that some gleefully give these radicals which brings me 
back to the letter of the environmental groups.
  ``The purpose was not to impugn or otherwise link organizations like 
the Sierra club to ELF or ALF, and nothing in my letter could 
reasonably send that impression. The letter has just one purpose, to 
send a powerful message to the ecocriminals of ELF and ALF and their 
sympathizers that even those who share a similar environmental ideology 
deny and reject the use of terror as a tool to promote those thoughts.
  ``Notwithstanding the self-serving criticism and outrage coming from 
the lips of certain excitable commentators, this letter is singly 
targeted at building a cultural coalition against environmental 
terrorism and provides the opportunity for those who care about the 
environment to openly express distaste and disapproval of 
ecoterrorists. Those who commit these shameless acts of terror should 
find themselves with no support because all of us can unite against 
it.''
  My point is this, that environmentally motivated terrorism is not 
noble. It is not a noble act, and it is not some kind of lesser evil in 
pursuit of greater good. It does not work on domestic terrorism in this 
country. We have policy debate and acts of terror have no place 
regardless of how deep one feels, regardless of how intense the debate 
becomes.
  We have a system in the United States that allows remedy, that allows 
claims to be heard. We have the freedom of speech in this country. All 
of these rights that were written by our Bill of Rights and are 
protected by our Constitution were put in there for the very purpose of 
avoiding utilization of the tool of violence as a way to dissolve or 
resolve domestic dispute. So I intend to be very aggressive in my 
continued pursuit against the ecoterrorists of this country.
  I want my colleagues to know that this pursuit started well before 
September 11. In fact, we attempted and were eventually successful at 
subpoenaing the spokesman for the ELF organization, and I would like to 
read that letter very briefly, the response, so that my colleagues 
understand what kind of individuals that we sometimes deal with.
  This is a letter from a guy named Craig Rosebraugh. Craig is the 
spokesman of, although I understand he has recently resigned, was the 
spokesman for the North American ELF press office; and by the way, my 
colleagues ought to take a look at their Web site. If my colleagues 
think that I am exaggerating things, take a look at the Web site of the 
Animal Liberation Front, ALF, put it in a search. Just put ALF in a 
search and take a look at it or put ELF in a search.
  The Earth Liberation Front, now their particular Web site, look it 
up, take a look at what they talk about is justification within the 
borders of the United States to further their policy position. They 
advocate, they encourage and I think they coordinate acts of 
destruction and acts of terrorism.
  When we served this gentleman with a subpoena, first, however, before 
I served him with a subpoena, I asked him to voluntarily come back. 
This is the response I got:
  ``Dear, Mr. McInnis: I received your letter, whether or not I am 
available to testify at the upcoming hearing regarding the emerging 
threat of ecoterrorism on the national forest lands. It is unclear to 
me why my testimony is desired at such a function. Furthermore, the 
topic of discussion appears, at least to me, to be somewhat vague, with 
no stated goals in mind.
  ``By addressing the subject of ecoterrorism threat on national public 
lands, are you referring to the ongoing destruction caused by the State 
itself along with industry as both continue to exploit and alienate the 
natural resource wilderness and ecosystems for this country for the 
sake of profit or it is a given subject in reference to the State and 
mainstream media created label which attempts to place a negative 
stigma on those actions attempting to place life in front of profits?

                              {time}  2030

  ``In answer to your question am I available, the answer is no. I see 
no value, unless I am mistaken in your intent, in cooperating with the 
same state,'' referring to the United States, ``in cooperating with the 
same state that is directly responsible for the ongoing murder and 
exploitation of life,

[[Page 23068]]

both within this country and internationally.'' And it is signed by 
this guy.
  This is the leading spokesman for this radical organization. They are 
not environmentalists, they are terrorists. There are a lot of 
organizations in this country that you can label environmentalists that 
are legitimate and, in my opinion, on a number of occasions there are 
issues I actually agree with. But they represent the views of a lot of 
people in this country. These are organizations that speak for a lot of 
people, like the Natural Resources Defense Council, but they do it in a 
legitimate fashion.
  This should no more be accepted than bombing an abortion clinic. In 
my opinion, a bombing of an abortion clinic or burning down the Vail 
Mountain lodge, burning it down to the ground, and putting a bomb on 
the Greenpeace ship, those have no place in our society. And we as a 
society, regardless of where you stand on an issue, whether you are 
pro-life or pro-choice, whether you consider yourself a Sierra Club 
member or not a Sierra Club member, whether you like Greenpeace or do 
not like Greenpeace, we can all come together as a coalition.
  We can all speak as one voice, that environmental terrorism has no 
place in policy debate in this great country that we have, because this 
great country has become great because there are platforms, such as 
this platform, that allow us to have policy debates, as we have day in 
and day out in this great chamber of this House of Representatives.
  So I would urge people, my colleagues across the country, 
representing places across the country, speak up against eco-terrorism. 
Emphasize that while someone may have deep, deep beliefs about an 
environmental issue, that at no time is there justification to pull out 
a pack of matches, as that commentator in Arizona said she would 
supply, at no time is there justification to go to Vail, Colorado, and 
burn the lodge down; at no time, if you are pro-life, is there 
justification to go after somebody who is pro-choice, or vice versa, 
pro-choice after pro-life. It just does not fit. It is not the policy 
of this Nation. We should not tolerate it for one moment.
  Now, I hope that we can come together, and I hope our law enforcement 
agencies, the Federal Bureau of Investigation, our State investigative 
agencies, Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms, whatever law enforcement arm 
we need, will be able to crack down on the individuals who believe that 
terrorism is the correct tool to use to further their cause, regardless 
of what that cause is.
  Well, enough for that. I think it is important. I want to visit now 
on some other issues. I intend however to come back when I make 
comments to my colleagues and talk about environmental terrorism and 
talk about the importance of eradicating terrorism within our own 
borders, going after it, stopping it. This is how policy debate ought 
to be handled.
  Now let us move to another subject which I have seen a lot of 
discussion on lately in the last few days, discussion, as if this were 
an unconstitutional movement by the President of the United States, and 
that is military tribunals.
  The President of the United States, who has done a very, very able 
job of leading this country in a time of need, in a time of war, has 
proposed to do just exactly what previous great presidents have done 
when this country has been in a time of war, and that is to take war 
criminals, whether they are Nazi war criminals, or whether it is Osama 
bin Laden or some of his lieutenants. These people are war criminals.
  This is not a traffic violation or a civil violation or a U.S. code 
criminal violation or state code criminal violation. These are acts of 
war committed against the United States of America. Throughout the 
history of this country, for justice for those people, we have had 
military tribunals. Military tribunals were first utilized by George 
Washington at the beginning of this country, the birth of this country. 
Abraham Lincoln used military tribunals. Roosevelt used them in the 
war.
  Two times in the forties, as recently as the forties, the military 
tribunals in and of themselves were questioned in regards to 
constitutionality, and on both occasions the United States Supreme 
Court has ruled that military tribunals are constitutional within this 
country.
  So do not let people divert your attention on these military 
tribunals by saying it is an unconstitutional act, or somehow we are 
leaving what America is all about. America is about defending its 
borders. America is about bringing justice to the people who bring 
great harm outside the boarders of this country to the inside of the 
borders of this country.
  America is a strong Nation and should not bow to the politically 
correct who are afraid they might offend some of these war criminals. 
These war criminals are not going to have their rights violated. What 
rights do they have?
  How many rights did those people in New York City have when those 
towers tumbled, or, not very far from here, when the Pentagon was hit? 
Oh, sure, they are going to be granted certain rights, as they should 
be, during their trial. But I will tell you, they are not entitled to 
what an American citizen should be entitled to on a civil or criminal 
dispute, outside of an act of war. This is an entirely different 
picture. This is an act of war that we are talking about. So you are 
comparing apples to oranges.
  When you talk about a crime committed outside of an act of war in the 
United States, that is entirely different than talking about an act of 
war committed against the United States of America.
  Now, why are these military tribunals necessary? First of all, 
understand that any time, and take a look at the spy cases we have in 
our own Nation, one of the easiest tricks in the book for a defense 
attorney if they are defending under our current legal system, if they 
are defending a spy, for example, one of the first things they would do 
is to issue a subpoena to try and force the government to open up 
secrets, for example, everything they can open up, whether or not if it 
has the faintest thing to do with their case, like open up the CIA.
  I can just see it. If you were defending one of these people who 
committed this act of terror against the United States, the defense 
attorney would want to know all our secrets about the satellites that 
located the person for their arrest, all of our financial spy network 
that was able to locate how this person got their money, all of our 
communication equipment. They would want to know publicly and they 
would disclose it publicly. Why do they do that? These defense 
attorneys want to drive a plea bargain. That is exactly what happens in 
spy cases.
  Take a look at the most recent spy cases, any of the last five most 
recent. That is why plea bargains were driven, in part, because of the 
information that our intelligence services would have to disclose, that 
our enemies would love to get their hands on. So military tribunals 
avoid that.
  The military tribunals also do other things. It is a tested method 
for bringing these individuals to some sort of justifiable trial.
  Now, can you imagine, where are you going to locate this trial? It 
allows us to hold them on military bases. Can you imagine, you do not 
have to have juries that are disclosed publicly, like a civil jury 
would be or a criminal jury today in America is.
  So what I would say my comments tonight are not extensive, not 
extensive on these military tribunals, but before you buy into the 
rhetoric that they are unconstitutional on their face or they are 
somehow unfair, take a look at the legal history, take a look at the 
legal history of this country, and you will find out that while they 
are different than a bank robber might be tried, for example, the type 
of tribunal or the type of court system that a bank robber would go 
through, in fact they do allow defense for the defendants. They do 
allow the defendants certain rights, but it is taken in a different 
context.
  It is viewed by this country and by the United States Supreme Court 
as an

[[Page 23069]]

act of war against the United States, and it is justified to have these 
types of military tribunals, this type of venue for remedy, not only 
for the country, but a remedy that provides legitimate protections to 
the defendant, while not going overboard to the politically correct 
sometimes theory that we ought to just open the door and let these 
defendants get the best of everything we have got in this country and 
force disclosure of some of this Nation's top secrets.
  So, give it a chance. Read about these military tribunals. Everyone 
from the Wall Street Journal to the New York Times, there has been lots 
printed just in the last 2 weeks. But I think when it all comes down to 
the bottom line, colleagues will agree with me, or most will agree with 
me, that military tribunals have a legitimate place in our justice 
system, and that that legitimate place has found a proper venue under 
the circumstances that our Nation faces today.
  Let me move on. Let me visit about a real positive program called 
Character Counts. Now, I intend later on this week, I hope, or perhaps 
early next week, to have much more, many more extensive comments in 
regards to this program.
  This is a program that has a Board of Directors that are nonpartisan. 
In other words, it is not a politically driven program. It is not 
sponsored by the Democrats, it is not sponsored by the Republicans. It 
is a program that was put together by leaders, various national 
leaders, leaders of the communities, leaders of religion, leaders of 
community groups, all types of facets of society.
  The way the program was put together was people were invited to come 
together and say, look, what do we need to do for our young people in 
this country? How can we define the word ``character?'' What can we do 
to bring character back as a process of our education of our younger 
generation? How can we once again deploy character into maturity when 
we speak of the youth of this country? How do we do this, and how can 
we do it in a way that is not racially offensive, that is not 
religiously offensive, that is not political or partisan in any fashion 
whatsoever?
  So this group of people got together, and I will go into this in much 
more depth in the next week or so, but this group of people, to 
summarize it, got together and said, hey, let us define the elements of 
character, in other words, the characteristics of character, and see if 
we can come to an agreement. And they did come to an agreement.
  They wanted to call the program Character Counts. You know, whether 
you are in the Boy Scouts or whether you are in the Girl Scouts or in 
some other type of organization, all religious organizations, 
community, activist organizations, all of these have as a fundamental 
base character. That is what it is about. The greatness of this country 
was developed through the character of its leaders, through the 
character of its citizens, through the character of the everyday person 
who believes in honesty, who believes in hard work, who believes in 
diligence. That is what has made our Nation great.
  But that trait is not an inherited trait, those traits. It does not 
just automatically appear in our young people. It has to be taught and 
it has to be taught not only in a classroom sense, it has got to be 
taught by example.
  So we, too, have to adopt those characteristics of character and 
follow those, and we have to deploy the education of those 
characteristics of character in our schools and in our educational 
system in hopes that character begins to replace what some people would 
say is not politically correct, that it is not politically correct to 
talk about character.
  It is politically correct to talk about character. It is a very 
important thing to the foundation of our Nation.
  Let us look at the various elements that I have over here to my left. 
Character Counts. Trustworthiness. As you will see as we go through 
these characteristics, there is not one of these on this chart that any 
of my colleagues could object to, not one, and put together as a unit, 
it is a very powerful message to educate, not only ourselves, but our 
young people, and to take into our schools. Character Counts. 
Trustworthiness.
  Responsibility. The ability to trust. The ability to be responsible, 
responsible for the actions that you take, responsible for the work 
product that you come out with, responsible for your family, 
responsible for yourself, responsibility.
  Citizenship. You know, one of the horrible things that has occurred 
to our country in many, many decades, some would argue throughout the 
history of this country, although I would argue perhaps the Civil War 
was more of a horrible thing, but you take a look September 11. What 
has it brought out? There are some good things that have emerged from 
that horrible, horrible disaster.

                              {time}  2045

  One of them is, people now are taking a much more positive view 
towards citizenship and what it means to be a citizen in the United 
States of America and what kind of price we have to pay to make this 
country and to continue this country to be the greatest country in the 
history of the world. Citizenship is a big part of it.
  Recently, there was a book by Tom Brokaw, and that book I think was 
titled ``The Greatest Generation.'' I do not agree with that title. I 
do not think there has been a greatest generation. I think every 
generation has great people within it. I think every generation in the 
history of this country displays the greatest, not just one generation, 
although certainly the generation that Tom Brokaw talks about that my 
father and mother were involved in, the war effort, et cetera, these 
were great people. But every generation has great people, and we can 
continue, and I think we can measure greatness through trustworthiness, 
through responsibility, through citizenship, and respect. Respect is an 
important element in our society.
  Mr. Speaker, when I grew up, my folks, I never was able to call 
anyone that was more than 1 or 2 years older than me anything other 
than Mr. and Mrs. In fact, there are friends of my parents today that I 
have known for decades and I could not tell my colleagues their first 
names. I have always known them as Mr. Delaney or Mrs. Delaney or Mr. 
Jackson or Mrs. Jackson or Dr. Jackson, et cetera, et cetera.
  Respect. When I was growing up, we always opened the doors for the 
elderly, or for women. And I realize that society changes on some of 
these things, but respect can be demonstrated in many, many different 
ways, and every generation has a different way of demonstrating that, a 
different use for respect. But respect must make the transition from 
generation to generation. It is an important element of character.
  Fairness. I think fairness has been demonstrated clearly by President 
Bush in his response to those acts of terror on September 11. The 
United States has a reputation for fairness. That is what has made it 
the greatest country in the history of the world. When we talk to 
people about the United States who have a nonbiased view of the United 
States, they will talk about the fairness in the United States. 
Fairness, it is important. Not only is it important in education, it is 
important in every aspect of our lives, fairness and caring.
  Think about caring. We go over, and I have heard a number of people, 
and we have held the war in awe about our military machine in 
Afghanistan. But if people think our military machine has been mighty 
and something to behold, wait until they see the American feeding 
machine. We are over there in Afghanistan and we care about the people 
over there that did not commit an act of wrong against this Nation. We 
care not to make innocent people the victims if it at all can be 
avoided.
  This country does not go in and take care of its business and then 
walk out. This country has gone on, it has gone after the war 
criminals, and it will hunt them down one by one and destroy their 
empire piece by piece. But the innocent citizens, the citizens who have 
now seen liberation, liberation of

[[Page 23070]]

playing music, liberation. This winter, with the tough winter, they 
will see more food in that country than they have seen in many, many 
years, because the United States of America cares about those people.
  Mr. Speaker, the United States of America cares about people other 
than themselves. There is no country in the history of the world that 
has done more charitable acts, contributed more foreign aid, helped 
more countries in need than the United States of America, and that is 
because the United States of America cares.
  So these are the elements of Character Counts.
  Now, when I continue my comments later on in the week or early next 
week, I am going to really talk about the structure of the Character 
Counts program and why that program is important for all of my 
colleagues to encourage their local school districts to deploy within 
their classrooms, to utilize as one of their core courses, so to speak. 
Because I think in the end, by relooking, by reemphasizing 
responsibility, by reemphasizing to our young people through our 
educational process responsibility, the caring, take a look at this, 
the citizenship, the fairness, the trustworthiness, the only winners by 
educating Character Counts are us, our Nation and our future.
  Let me wrap up. Let me conclude my remarks with a final subject, a 
subject which I have talked about on a number of different occasions, 
and that is missile defense.
  Many people in the country today are especially aware of the military 
might of the Nation, and they are asking a lot of questions that we 
never thought of asking before. Mr. Speaker, prior to September 11, 
many people in this Nation thought that wars were fought outside our 
borders and that what we worried about within our borders were domestic 
murders, for example, an act of violence like that. No one imagined 
that we would have the strike against this Nation that took place on 
September 11. Now people do, and many of my colleagues' constituents 
are beginning to ask the what ifs: What if we had another act of 
terrorism? What are the acts of terrorism? What if we had a biological 
attack?
  And one of the questions that needs to be asked is what if a missile 
were launched against the United States of America? What if the United 
States of America were the victim of a missile attack? What could the 
United States of America do to defend itself against a missile attack?
  Remember, a missile attack, a missile being launched against the 
United States of America does not necessarily have to be an intentional 
launch. We could very easily have a missile launched against the United 
States of America that was an accidental launch. And if we do not think 
accidental launches cannot take place, take a look at what happened 
over the Black Sea about a week after the September 11 event when the 
Ukrainian navy accidentally fired a missile into an airliner and blew 
it out of the sky. These accidents happen, and it could happen to the 
United States of America.
  I think it is important today that we all stand up and support the 
President's determination to put in place for this country a missile 
defense system.
  Now, most people believe that if a foreign country fired a missile 
against us today, that our NORAD command center, which is located in 
Colorado Springs, buried deeply within a granite mountain, that NORAD 
would quickly pick up on its radar and on its devices the fact that a 
missile has been launched; and that is, in fact, accurate. They would 
pick it up, in fact, within a few seconds. NORAD could tell us that a 
missile has been launched. It could tell us the size of the missile, it 
could tell us the speed of the missile, it could tell us the 
approximate target of the missile, and it could tell us the estimated 
time of arrival of the missile. But, after that, there is not much more 
NORAD can do.
  A lot of our citizens, I say to my colleagues, assume that we then 
would fire a missile to stop it or somehow we could defend ourselves. 
But all we can do today is quickly advise Oklahoma City or somewhere 
else, hey, there is a missile, an in-bound missile, and it is going to 
strike at this point in time. That is all we can do for you.
  Today, our responsibility has risen to a higher standard as a result 
of the events of September 11, and that standard is to follow the 
President's lead and deploy within the borders of the United States of 
America a missile defensive system that will protect its citizens, that 
will provide a defense for the security of this Nation. Failure to 
deploy a missile defensive system is, in my opinion, gross dereliction, 
gross dereliction of our constitutional duties to protect the security 
of this Nation. This is critical that we put this type of system into 
place.
  Now, some will tell us, wait a minute. There is a treaty out there 
called the Antiballistic Missile Treaty. It is a treaty between the 
USSR and the United States of America that prohibits either country 
from building a missile defensive system. That treaty ought to be 
trashed. That treaty has within its four corners, and it is contained 
right here, let me show my colleagues. It allows, the legal rights of 
that treaty called the Antiballistic Missile Treaty, it allows within 
its four corners each party, in exercising its national sovereignty, 
have the right to withdraw from the treaty. It is a right to withdraw, 
the right to withdraw. We are not abrogating the treaty. We are not 
breaking a treaty. We have the right to withdraw from that treaty.
  But it is subject to one condition, and that condition is that if it 
decides extraordinary events relating to the subject matter of this 
treaty have jeopardized its supreme interests. Have extraordinary 
events jeopardized the supreme interests of the United States of 
America since this treaty was signed between Russia and the United 
States? The answer is clearly and undebatably yes. It has changed for 
Russia, and it has changed for the United States.
  Take, for example, the proliferation of missiles, the proliferation 
of missiles that have taken place since that treaty, countries that 
possess ballistic missiles. Look at them. Afghanistan, Algeria, 
Argentina, Belarus, China, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Egypt, France, 
India, Hungary, Iran, Iraq, this list goes on and on. When that treaty, 
the Antiballistic Missile Treaty was signed, there were only two 
nations in the world capable of delivering these missiles. It was the 
United States and Russia. Whether or not we agreed with the merits of 
the treaty at that point in time, surely today we would agree that the 
circumstances have changed dramatically, that it is in both Russia's 
best interests and the best interests of the United States of America 
that we provide the people of this Nation not further offensive missile 
capability but defensive missile capability.
  Every peace advocate in this country ought to be a stronger advocate 
of a missile defense system. Why? Because it could possibly avoid a 
war.
  Let us say that some country launches accidentally. Let me tell my 
colleagues, the consequences of being able to stop a missile over the 
ocean or stop it before it gets very far off its launching pad, dealing 
with those consequences are much easier to settle than dealing with the 
consequences of a missile landing on a major city in the United States 
of America.
  Mr. Speaker, the time has come. The time is here today to follow the 
lead of our President, and that is to deploy a missile defense system 
for the defense of this country. Every one of my colleagues, in my 
opinion, has an inherent, an inherent obligation, an inherent 
responsibility to provide the constituents, the citizens, and the 
people of this Nation security on the home front by putting in place 
and deploying a missile defense system.
  At some point in the future, at some point in the future, a missile 
will be launched against the United States of America. That is my 
opinion. And if we today, while we have the opportunity, fail to 
provide a defense against that missile, how could we ever, ever face 
ourselves again in a mirror and say that we carried out our 
responsibilities for the protection of this Nation?
  Mr. Speaker, I will continue to speak strongly, because I feel deeply 
committed about our obligation, I say to my colleagues, to provide our 
citizens,

[[Page 23071]]

to provide the people of this Nation a security blanket, and that 
security blanket in a missile defensive system, is one that is 
technically available, it is economically available, and it is an 
absolute must.
  Again, I repeat, it is an inherent obligation of the leaders of this 
Nation, and we are leaders in this Chamber, to follow our President's 
lead and to put that security blanket of a national missile defense 
system in place and to do it without haste or waste.

                              {time}  2100

  We can do it. I expect that we will have to do it much sooner than 
later.

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