[Congressional Record (Bound Edition), Volume 147 (2001), Part 11]
[House]
[Pages 15428-15450]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office, www.gpo.gov]




              SECURING AMERICA'S FUTURE ENERGY ACT OF 2001

  The SPEAKER pro tempore. Pursuant to House Resolution 216 and rule 
XVIII, the Chair declares the House in the Committee of the Whole House 
on the State of the Union for the consideration of the bill, H.R. 4.

                              {time}  1235


                     In the Committee of the Whole

  Accordingly, the House resolved itself into the Committee of the 
Whole House on the State of the Union for the consideration of the bill 
(H.R. 4) to enhance energy conservation, research and development and 
to provide for security and diversity in the energy supply for the 
American people, and for other purposes, with Mr. Bonilla in the chair.
  The Clerk read the title of the bill.
  The CHAIRMAN. Pursuant to the rule, the bill is considered as having 
been read the first time.
  The gentleman from Louisiana (Mr. Tauzin) and the gentleman from 
Michigan (Mr. Dingell) each will control 15 minutes.
  The gentleman from New York (Mr. Boehlert), the gentleman from Texas 
(Mr. Hall), the gentleman from California (Mr. Thomas), the gentlewoman 
from Florida (Mrs. Thurman), the gentleman from Utah (Mr. Hansen), and 
the gentleman from West Virginia (Mr. Rahall) each will control 10 
minutes.
  The Chair recognizes the gentleman from Louisiana (Mr. Tauzin).
  Mr. TAUZIN. Mr. Chairman, I yield myself such time as I may consume.
  Today we do something in this House we have not done in a decade. We 
enact a comprehensive energy policy for our country. After years of 
indifference toward America's energy future, we are about to take a 
giant leap forward.
  The bill we are considering today, the Securing America's Future 
Energy Act, the SAFE Act, will be the first major energy legislation of 
the 21st century, and it reflects 21st century values and ideas. It 
advances a balanced approach to energy production and use by 
encouraging a responsible, diverse mix of energy sources along with a 
significant investment in conservation and increased efficiency. The

[[Page 15429]]

SAFE Act charts a path to increased energy security and a cleaner 
environment; secure, reliable, affordable energy for Americans.
  Americans last winter saw their natural gas heating bills rise in the 
Midwest 73 percent, saw the Northeast heating bills rise 27 percent, 
saw gasoline prices rise 40 and 50, in some cases 70 cents a gallon. 
Americans are pleased to know that today we begin a short-term and 
long-term permanent energy policy to correct those security 
deficiencies.
  I am proud of the bipartisan work our committee did. The core of the 
bill passed the Committee on Energy and Commerce. It passed 
subcommittee by a vote of 29 to 1 and the full committee by a vote of 
50 to 5. Big bipartisan support for the bulk of this bill.
  I owe a great deal of compliments and thanks to my subcommittee 
chairman, the gentleman from Texas (Mr. Barton), for helping to craft 
the legislation, and particularly to ranking members, the gentleman 
from Michigan (Mr. Dingell), and the subcommittee ranking member, the 
gentleman from Virginia (Mr. Boucher), for the extraordinary 
cooperation and assistance and hard work and the willingness to work 
together they exhibited.
  Today I hope this bipartisan spirit continues. This is not 
traditionally partisan legislation. This is about all Americans having 
affordable, reliable sources and supplies of energy, and all Americans 
believing enough in conservation and efficiency to play a role in 
making sure that our country is safe for the future.
  This bill does some amazing things in conservation. First of all, it 
does something we have not done literally in 17 years. It reduces light 
truck fuel consumption, the SUVs and minivans, by 5 billion gallons 
over the next 6 years. That is like parking 2 years' production of 
minivans and SUVs, for 2 years out of that 6-year period. This 
increases funding for programs to assist low-income families.
  I do not know if my colleagues realize it, but the number of families 
applying for LIHEAP help to pay their energy bills has been rising 
dramatically as the costs are going up, and more and more families are 
having trouble meeting those costs.
  This bill will provide incentives for cleaner energy sources and 
alternatively fueled vehicles. This bill will promote clean coal 
technologies. Coal provides 52 percent of our electricity. We want to 
make it as clean as we can make it, not just for the sake of America's 
environment but for the global environment.
  This bill will set stricter standards on energy use in Federal 
buildings. We will make the Federal Government a leader by requiring by 
the year 2020 a 45 percent increase in efficiency in the use of energy 
in Federal buildings. And we will simplify and streamline the 
reauthorization, the relicensing of vital plants in the hydroelectric 
and nuclear area.
  This bill will stabilize energy for our country, stabilize supplies, 
stabilize prices, stabilize markets. This bill is the answer to what is 
becoming a growing crisis in supply and demand in America, and I am 
pleased to bring it to the House as the main core of this bill that has 
been produced with the cooperation of four different committees.
  I want to stress one thing more than anything else before I yield my 
time, and that is over half of our bill deals with conservation, 
efficiency, and alternative fuels. We lead with this effort because we 
believe logically Americans need first to control demand. We need to 
manage the demand of energy in this country first before we know how 
much more in supplies, how much more in deliverability we need to focus 
on in subsequent bills.
  Later on, we will charge the subcommittee on energy and clean air, 
led by the gentleman from Texas (Mr. Barton), to deliver on electricity 
and nuclear policy for this country. Today we build the broad policy, 
the permanent policy that stabilizes and protects America's energy 
future. I commend this bill to my colleagues' attention.
  Mr. Chairman, I reserve the balance of my time.
  The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman from Michigan (Mr. Dingell) is recognized 
for 15 minutes.
  Mr. DINGELL. Mr. Chairman, I yield myself 2 minutes.
  Mr. Chairman, I rise to support those portions of H.R. 4 reported by 
the Committee on Energy and Commerce. In that committee, we had a 
bipartisan process and a bipartisan vote for passage of 50 to 5.
  I want to specifically commend my good friend and colleague, the 
chairman of the committee, the gentleman from Louisiana (Mr. Tauzin), 
and the chairman of the subcommittee, the gentleman from Texas (Mr. 
Barton), for the way in which our committee addressed these issues. I 
also want to commend the distinguished ranking member, the gentleman 
from Virginia (Mr. Boucher), for his fine leadership and cooperation in 
this matter.
  It is regrettable that some other provisions from other committees 
have not met the same high standards of work and bipartisanship that 
were included in the efforts of the Committee on Energy and Commerce. 
The tight deadlines imposed by the leadership, when coupled with lack 
of specific statutory proposals by the administration, meant that it 
was much more difficult to accomplish this legislation and that our 
successes were more limited.
  Having said this, the Committee on Energy and Commerce has produced 
proposals well worthy of support in this body. Our bill provided for 
helpful conservation measures, balanced and targeted hydroelectric 
licensing reform, important protection of the nuclear waste fund, major 
incentives for the development and use of clean coal technology, and a 
needed analysis of the use of boutique fuels, a major problem.
  And as a result of the bipartisan amendment adopted in the 
subcommittee by a vote of 29 to 3, the legislation required significant 
but prudent savings for light trucks and SUVs. I note that this is a 
floor, leaving the Department of Transportation to determine if higher 
standards are needed, with the full ability to exercise these powers 
through proper and careful rulemaking.
  Virtually all of the committee's provisions in H.R. 4 are worthy of 
our support. I expect each Member will examine carefully other portions 
of this legislation, some of which are problematic, and see which 
amendments are to be adopted, if any, before rendering judgment on the 
entire matter.
  Mr. Chairman, I reserve the balance of my time.
  Mr. TAUZIN. Mr. Chairman, I yield 2 minutes to the gentleman from 
Texas (Mr. Barton), the chairman of the Subcommittee on Energy and Air 
Quality of the Committee on Energy and Commerce.
  Mr. BARTON of Texas. Mr. Chairman, I wish to commend the full 
committee chairman, the gentleman from Louisiana (Mr. Tauzin); the full 
committee ranking member, the gentleman from Michigan (Mr. Dingell); 
and my ranking member, the gentleman from Virginia (Mr. Boucher). A 
fair amount of the bill before us came out of my subcommittee on a 
bipartisan basis. I believe that in subcommittee it passed 29 to 1, and 
in full committee, as amended, it passed 50 to 5.
  The bill before us is a balanced approach to our Nation's energy 
policy. On the supply side we have components of the bill that would 
address nuclear power in this country, the issue of boutique fuels, 
some hydroelectric licensing reforms, a significant title on clean coal 
technology, and obviously a major title on conservation.
  Bills that came out of other committees addressed the access issue, 
specifically the Alaska National Wildlife Reserve. The Committee on 
Ways and Means put together a tax provision. And I must say I am a 
little puzzled by some of the opposition to the tax title. Most of the 
tax extensions are just that, extensions of existing tax credits. To 
the extent they are new provisions in the tax title, they are for 
renewable and clean coal technology, which I think we have tremendous 
bipartisan support on.
  The bill that is before us is not the total answer to our Nation's 
energy

[[Page 15430]]

policy. It is a good step in the right direction. I hope later in the 
fall to put together a comprehensive electricity restructuring bill 
that will come out of subcommittee and full committee and come to the 
floor on a bipartisan basis.
  We want to do something on the nuclear fuel cycle, including Price-
Anderson, the insurance fund. And once the President makes a decision 
on a repository for the high level nuclear waste, we want to put 
together a nuclear waste bill. We also want to reauthorize and improve 
and reform our pipeline safety bill.
  So the bill that is before us is simply a step in the right 
direction. This Congress has the opportunity, and I think the 
obligation, to be known as the energy Congress. We are going to start 
that today on a bipartisan basis. I urge Members to keep an open mind 
on the amendments, but on final passage I hope that we will vote in 
support of the bill.
  Mr. DINGELL. Mr. Chairman, I yield 3 minutes to the distinguished 
gentleman from Virginia (Mr. Boucher).

                              {time}  1245

  Mr. BOUCHER. Mr. Chairman, as ranking member on the Subcommittee on 
Energy and Air Quality of the Committee on Energy and Commerce, I have 
had the pleasure of participating actively with other subcommittee 
members and with the gentleman from Texas (Mr. Barton), the chairman of 
the subcommittee, the gentleman from Louisiana (Mr. Tauzin), chairman 
of the full committee, and the ranking member, the gentleman from 
Michigan (Mr. Dingell) in the construction of the Committee on Energy 
and Commerce titles in H.R. 4. It is my pleasure today to rise in 
support of the Committee on Energy and Commerce's provisions. They make 
a significant contribution to our Nation's energy policy.
  I want to commend the process that the Committee on Energy and 
Commerce employed in writing these titles. It was an open process. Both 
the gentleman from Texas (Mr. Barton) and the gentleman from Louisiana 
(Mr. Tauzin) welcomed the participation of Democratic members of the 
committee at every step, and I would note that the committee approved 
its titles by the broad bipartisan margin of 50-5.
  The Committee on Energy and Commerce usually works in a bipartisan 
fashion, and this legislation is very much in that tradition, and I 
want to extend my thanks to the gentleman from Texas (Mr. Barton) and 
the gentleman from Louisiana (Mr. Tauzin) for their cooperative work 
with us.
  The measure before us today does not address every energy-related 
concern. Some matters were not ripe for resolution given the rapid 
schedule set for completing work on H.R. 4. But this legislation does 
make a significant contribution to a strengthened national energy 
policy. It assures that the entire nuclear waste fund is expended for 
its intended purpose, the construction of a repository for the 
permanent storage of nuclear waste. While the Committee on Rules has 
removed that provision from this legislation, the provision in the 
original bill makes the important statement that this fund of ratepayer 
dollars should no longer be diverted to general government purposes.
  Another of our committee's titles makes major improvements in the 
process of relicensing hydroelectric facilities. Another provision 
embodies a carefully crafted bipartisan compromise on vehicle fuel 
efficiency standards, and the coal title will promote the introduction 
of a new generation of advanced clean coal technologies which electric 
utilities will be incented to use through a range of tax credits.
  While I have reservations about some titles in H.R. 4 that were added 
by other committees, I am pleased to commend the Committee on Energy 
and Commerce's work to the Members of this House and to urge support 
for these constructive contributions to a stronger national energy 
policy.
  Mr. TAUZIN. Mr. Chairman, I yield 1 minute to the gentleman from Ohio 
(Mr. Oxley), the chairman of the Committee on Financial Services.
  Mr. OXLEY. Mr. Chairman, let me briefly explain the Committee on 
Financial Services' contribution to this legislation. Our committee has 
produced language which furthers an essential element of the 
President's energy plan, reducing energy consumption, and the idea is 
to get HUD to improve energy efficiency and conservation.
  This legislation will improve the community development block grants 
program to spur energy conservation, create incentives for energy-
efficient single- and multifamily homes, and aid Americans who purchase 
homes that are energy efficient.
  The Committee on Financial Services has worked hard to ensure that 
American families can live in cost-effective, energy-friendly homes 
that will both relieve the strain on their pocketbooks and the strain 
on our energy infrastructure.
  Mr. Chairman, H.R. 4 addresses the most critical elements of our 
energy difficulties. It promotes development of environmentally 
friendly technology through market competition and not through 
government mandates. It promotes the wise use of resources without 
threatening to cripple American businesses. H.R. 4 will lessen our 
dependence on foreign oil while at the same time leading to lower 
energy costs for all of us.
  Mr. Chairman, I congratulate all of my colleagues on the various 
committees who have worked on this historic legislation.
  Mr. DINGELL. Mr. Chairman, I yield 2 minutes to the gentleman from 
Louisiana (Mr. John).
  Mr. JOHN. Mr. Chairman, I congratulate both the gentleman from 
Louisiana (Mr. Tauzin), chairman of the full committee, and the ranking 
member, the gentleman from Michigan (Mr. Dingell), and also the 
subcommittee chairman and ranking member, the gentleman from Texas (Mr. 
Barton) and the gentleman from Virginia (Mr. Boucher), for putting 
together what I think is one of the most important pieces of 
legislation that this Congress can handle this year.
  No economic prosperity can thrive and grow without an energy policy 
in place. I like to describe this situation that we have as Americans 
that when it deals with energy policy, we have attention deficit 
disorder. When oil was $10 a barrel and gasoline was 72 cents not very 
long ago, less than 2 years, energy was not on anyone's radar screen. 
But now when we have prices of oil that have risen to $30 a barrel, 
gasoline that reached $2, sometimes we make some hasty decisions.
  Mr. Chairman, I think that that in itself should underscore the 
importance of why we should finally implement a national energy policy. 
It is something I talked about for many, many years being from the 
great State of Louisiana, but it is troubling in the times of the peaks 
and the valleys.
  If we just look at USA Today, front page yesterday, it says, Energy 
Crisis: What Energy Crisis? Well, I can tell Members that my friends in 
the State of California and some of my friends in the Northeast will 
look at this a little differently. I believe if it is not a crisis 
today and we get lower prices in gasoline and natural gas, when is it 
going to be the next crisis? Next year, 2 years? But it is going to 
come, that is the history of this industry.
  Mr. Chairman, I think it is paramountly important to not just the 
jobs in my district, and that is something that is important and 
precious to me, but it is about national security. We must pass this 
energy policy. It is balanced, and I am very proud to be a cosponsor of 
it.
  Mr. TAUZIN. Mr. Chairman, I yield 1 minute to the gentleman from Iowa 
(Mr. Ganske), a valuable member of the Committee on Energy and 
Commerce.
  (Mr. GANSKE asked and was given permission to revise and extend his 
remarks.)
  Mr. GANSKE. Mr. Chairman, number one, I think it would be unfortunate 
and misguided if we were to turn back the clock and grant an exemption 
from the oxygenate requirements of the Clean Air Act today. Such an 
amendment would inhibit the use of ethanol and decrease our use of 
renewable fuels.

[[Page 15431]]

  Number two, conservation is one of the first avenues we should 
examine in approaching our energy problems. I support efforts to 
increase the corporate average fuel economy standards.
  Number three, I believe we must have new sources of energy. Last 
winter, Iowans suffered when their natural gas heating bills spiked. We 
need to have new sources of natural gas. Therefore, I support 
provisions in this bill which anticipate drilling in ANWR. It should be 
done responsibly; and I will also support the Wilson amendments.
  Mr. Chairman, I speak in favor of a national energy plan for America. 
A comprehensive strategy has been decades overdue. I particularly 
commend those provisions which further our development of renewable 
fuels, such as the extension of the wind energy tax credit. I believe 
in the development of renewable fuels . . . such as biodiesel and 
ethanol. It would be unfortunate and misguided if we were to turn back 
the clock and grant an exemption from the oxygenate requirements of the 
Clean Air Act today. Such an amendment would actually inhibit the use 
ethanol and decrease our use renewable fuels. It would be a huge step 
backward, which would increase our dependence on foreign oil. I urge my 
colleagues to reject such an amendment.
  There are some advocates who believe energy conservation is not 
important to this debate. I strongly disagree. Conservation is one of 
the first avenues we should examine in approaching our energy problems. 
Therefore, it is my intention to support efforts today to increase the 
Corporate Average Fuel Economy Standards. I believe it is a responsible 
and appropriate step in increase our energy conservation efforts.
  There are others who argue that conservation efforts alone are not 
enough. I think they are also correct. I also believe we must have new 
sources of energy. Last winter lowans suffered when their natural gas 
heating bills spiked . . . we need to have new sources of natural gas. 
We could look on the coral reef off the coast of Florida, or under the 
Great Lakes, or under our national monuments . . . or we could depend 
on foreign sources to provide it to use . . . at whatever price they 
chose . . . but I don't believe those are the best options. Therefore, 
I support the provision in this bill which anticipates drilling in the 
ANWR. It should be done responsibly . . . and I support the Wilson 
amendments.
  Mr. DINGELL. Mr. Chairman, I yield 2 minutes to the gentleman from 
Minnesota (Mr. Luther).
  Mr. LUTHER. Mr. Chairman, clearly, as in most bills that we have 
before us, there are some positive provisions. There are some positive 
provisions in this bill, but we should be very disappointed in the bill 
before the House today.
  Mr. Chairman, the administration has declared that there is an energy 
crisis in America. If we are in a crisis, we need a far bolder approach 
than we are seeing today. This legislation is not an energy package for 
the 21st century. It focuses on the same old ideas that have led to 
many of our current problems. It is a plan for the previous century 
that perpetuates our reliance on dirty, inefficient energy sources 
while virtually ignoring the ideas of efficiency and renewable energy.
  Our country deserves a national energy strategy that promotes energy 
security by encouraging cleaner renewable sources and increasing energy 
efficiency. As members of the Committee on Energy and Commerce, many of 
us have fought for aggressive strategies such as increased air 
conditioner standards and standards for other appliances that account 
for a high percentage of energy use. It simply defies common sense not 
to make these appliances just as efficient as possible.
  By not even addressing this issue and many other issues, we are not 
even scratching the surface in terms of developing a comprehensive 
approach to our energy needs in this country.
  Congress needs to go back to the drawing board and develop a real 
policy that moves our country toward true energy independence for the 
future.
  Mr. TAUZIN. Mr. Chairman, I yield 30 seconds to myself to respond to 
the gentleman.
  Mr. Chairman, the bill does contain new rulemaking for appliance 
efficiency. In fact, it requires rulemaking stand-by power standards on 
a number of home appliances and other large appliances, and it does 
provide for all Federal agencies to buy a new 20 percent increase in 
efficiency air conditioner, the CR-12 standard, which was recommended 
not only by the Department of Justice, but by the DOE in the Clinton 
administration.
  So we have air conditioning efficiency standards, appliance 
standards, rulemaking for stand-by power to lower the energy use of 
many appliances. This is a comprehensive bill.
  Mr. Chairman, I yield 1 minute to the gentleman from Kentucky (Mr. 
Whitfield), another valuable member of the Committee on Energy and 
Commerce.
  Mr. WHITFIELD. Mr. Chairman, as a member of the Committee on Energy 
and Commerce, I was quite impressed with the way that the gentleman 
from Louisiana (Mr. Tauzin), the gentleman from Michigan (Mr. Dingell), 
the gentleman from Texas (Mr. Barton) and the gentleman from Virginia 
(Mr. Boucher) worked to put this bill together. It is an important 
piece of legislation because it sets out a national energy policy for 
America, something we have not had in a long time.
  It also pays some special attention to coal.
  Coal is our most abundant resource. We have 250 years of coal in the 
ground in America today. It provides 51 percent of all of the 
electricity produced in America, and it is one of the low-cost fuels 
which benefits the consumers throughout the country. Not only that, but 
it is one of the very few fuels that we do not have to import from 
other countries.
  Mr. Chairman, this bill is important because it authorizes $2 billion 
for research and development of clean coal technology. It provides tax 
credits for investment in clean coal technology, tax credits for 
production using clean coal technology, and I would urge everyone on 
this floor to support this legislation. I, for one, am particularly 
happy that it does place an emphasis on the importance of coal in 
America.

                              {time}  1300

  Mr. TAUZIN. Mr. Chairman, I yield 1 minute to the gentleman from 
Pennsylvania (Mr. Gekas).
  Mr. GEKAS. Mr. Chairman, I thank the gentleman for yielding me time.
  Mr. Chairman, I rise in support of the manager's amendment and the 
underlying bill. Is there anyone in the entire Nation who does not 
believe that the time has come for our Nation to declare independence, 
to declare independence on foreign oil, on foreign energy sources? 
Should we not be self-sufficient and independent in providing for the 
demands of our public, for the energy needs that are part of our 
everyday standard of living?
  That is what was the thrust of a bill that I introduced last term, to 
call for bringing about all the resources at our command, to focus on 
energy and to bring about independence of energy on foreign oil within 
10 years. We cannot do that unless we buckle down and begin the process 
of amassing those resources and focusing on these problems, starting 
with today's legislation. We should be ecstatic at the outset of this 
endeavor to recognize that whatever we do today is the giant first step 
towards that total independence that we all crave.
  Mr. TAUZIN. Mr. Chairman, I yield 3 minutes to the gentleman from the 
great State of Texas (Mr. DeLay), the majority whip, who makes almost 
as much of an energy contribution to America's future as does the great 
State of Louisiana.
  Mr. DeLAY. Mr. Chairman, I appreciate the kind words for Texas coming 
from the gentleman from Louisiana (Mr. Tauzin). I greatly appreciate 
it. It is probably the only time we have heard good words about Texas 
coming from Louisiana. We appreciate that very much, Mr. Chairman.
  I congratulate the chairman for bringing this bill to the floor and 
his participation in it.
  I ask the Members, Mr. Chairman, to support this bill because it 
makes substantial progress towards strengthening America's energy 
security.
  We find ourselves facing energy challenges that we simply cannot 
ignore any longer. Under the President and Vice President's leadership, 
the country has taken a hard look at both our short-term energy supply 
problems and

[[Page 15432]]

the broader implications of long-term demands mandated by our expanding 
population and economy.
  I want to thank the chairmen of so many committees for doing 
outstanding jobs in putting together this very important package: the 
gentleman from New York (Mr. Boehlert) of the Committee on Science, the 
gentleman from Alaska (Mr. Young) of the Committee on Transportation 
and Infrastructure, the gentleman from California (Mr. Thomas) of the 
Committee on Ways and Means, the gentleman from Louisiana (Mr. Tauzin) 
of the Committee on Energy and Commerce. I also want to thank the 
ranking members, particularly the gentleman from Michigan (Mr. Dingell) 
from the Committee on Energy and Commerce.
  This is a very, very good package. This bill takes important steps to 
meet both those objectives that I was talking about. The SAFE Act, the 
Securing America's Future Energy Act, addresses our energy security 
with a thorough and comprehensive approach. It encourages conservation 
methods to enhance the dramatic improvements America has made over the 
past 20 years.
  Today we are much more efficient, a much more efficient society than 
we were only shortly ago. This bill will help us become even better, 
and it spurs progress by offering incentives that will put our 
ingenuity and technological prowess to work. We best meet a challenge 
in this country by identifying the problem and by liberating the 
American people to solve it with entrepreneurial know-how.
  New regulations and measures that deny choices to consumers are the 
wrong direction. This bill gets it right by offering incentives, not 
mandates.
  The SAFE Act targets a significant problem: our growing dependence on 
foreign sources of energy. America faces a serious degradation of our 
national security unless we move at once to reduce our dependence on 
foreign sources of energy.
  This bill takes important steps in that direction by promoting 
initiatives that will allow us to produce more energy at home. We need 
to take control of our own destiny, and this bill gives the American 
people much more control over their energy security.
  Members from both parties, I ask support for this bill.
  Mr. DINGELL. Mr. Chairman, I yield 2 minutes to the distinguished 
gentleman from Oregon (Mr. Blumenauer).
  Mr. BLUMENAUER. Mr. Chairman, I appreciate the courtesy of the 
gentleman from Michigan (Mr. Dingell) in allowing me an opportunity to 
address this issue.
  I am concerned that a key component of any plan is to chart a course 
for the future. The energy plan we are debating today and voting on 
falls terribly short in preparing the United States for the future on a 
number of issues: fiscal conservatism, environmental stewardship, and 
international relations.
  This bill costs $34 billion without any offsets to pay for it. Just 
like the general tax cut from President Bush which primarily benefits 
the people who need help the least and puts our economic future for the 
country in a precarious position, this energy bill puts Medicare and 
Social Security Trust Funds at further risk of being raided.
  We need to be focusing first and foremost on conservation and energy 
efficiency. With all due respect to the Vice President, energy 
conservation is more than a personal virtue. It should be the 
cornerstone of a long-term national energy policy. Nor does the bill 
that we are debating today provide adequate support for those families 
most in need to meet rising energy costs in the short term or provide 
incentives and funding for more long-term solutions such as investing 
in weatherization efforts, more energy-efficient appliances, and 
building design.
  For too many elderly and poor people, we are still asking them to 
choose between energy and food. With the hot spells we are looking at 
in the course of the summer, it could, in fact, be a life or death 
decision for some senior citizens.
  The energy bill is a direct assault on the environment by attempting 
to open up the Arctic Wildlife Refuge by drilling at a tremendous cost 
of 160 species of migratory birds, caribou, grizzlies, wolves and 
others that rely on the open space of the refuge.
  Finally, it is the slap in the face of our allies around the globe. 
Earlier this month in Bonn, the international community came to an 
agreement to address greenhouse gas emissions.
  I respect people who disagree, but this administration has been 
unable to formulate its own approach, leaving America out in the cold. 
America deserves a bill that balances economic and environmental 
considerations. I strongly urge a vote against this consideration.
  Mr. DINGELL. Mr. Chairman, I yield 1 minute to the distinguished 
gentleman from Utah (Mr. Matheson).
  Mr. MATHESON. I thank the gentleman from Michigan for yielding me 
this time.
  Mr. Chairman, I rise today to acknowledge the good work that took 
place on the committee that I am on. I recognize this is during the 
time of the Committee on Energy and Commerce, but I am on the Committee 
on Science. I just want to acknowledge that I think it fits well with 
this bill, a good bipartisan effort on that committee, an effort to 
focus a little bit more on the long-term objectives we are trying to do 
in this energy policy.
  In the long run I think technology is going to be a key component of 
how we address our energy situation, technology that finds better ways 
for us to make energy from existing sources, technology that finds ways 
to produce energy from new sources, and technology that helps us use 
energy more efficiently.
  I am particularly pleased in the research and development component. 
It incorporated a suggestion that I made to study ways to improve use 
of the electric transmission system to make it more efficient. However 
we want to produce energy, however we want to use energy, at the end if 
we can move it across those transmission lines on a more efficient 
basis, that helps us all.
  Mr. DINGELL. Mr. Chairman, I yield 1 minute to the gentleman from 
Colorado (Mr. Udall).
  Mr. UDALL of Colorado. Mr. Chairman, I thank the distinguished 
ranking member for yielding time. I, too, like the previous speaker had 
scheduled to speak on behalf of the Committee on Science but want to 
take advantage of this opportunity.
  Mr. Chairman, I rise in opposition to this bill. As I look it over, I 
am reminded of the old Western movie ``The Good, the Bad and the 
Ugly.'' There are a few good things in the bill. For example, it 
includes the text of my three bills dealing with clean school buses, 
energy-efficient schools, and distributed energy. There are a few other 
good things as well, but the good things are far outweighed by the bad.
  The restrictive rule imposed by the leadership makes it impossible to 
remove or improve all those things that are bad for the environment, 
bad for taxpayers, bad for the economy and bad for the country. So even 
if the House adopts the amendments to protect the Arctic National 
Wildlife Refuge, as we should, the bill would still be so ugly that it 
should be rejected by the House.
  Let us reject this bill.
  Mr. TAUZIN. Mr. Chairman, I would ask the Chair, who has the right to 
close general debate.
  The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman from Louisiana has the right to close.
  Mr. DINGELL. Mr. Chairman, I yield 1 minute to the gentleman from 
Washington (Mr. Inslee).
  Mr. INSLEE. Mr. Chairman, in the final analysis, this bill is less a 
real energy policy for the next century than it is a scandal. It is an 
environmental and fiscal Teapot Dome. It is the result of $33 million 
in campaign contributions by the oil and gas industry which has derived 
$21 billion in benefits from the Federal taxpayers. Where is that going 
to come from? It is going to come from the Medicare Trust Fund, because 
our friends across the aisle are refusing to hue to a policy of fiscal 
responsibility.
  It is also showing an amazing lack of vision. Forty years ago, 
President Kennedy stood right behind me and challenged Americans, said, 
this Nation is

[[Page 15433]]

going to go to the Moon within the decade. President Bush's energy 
policy says, Let's not go anywhere. Let's rely on what we invented in 
the early 1900s, oil and gas. That is why 75 percent of all the fiscal 
benefits in this bill are for fossil fuels and only 17 percent is for 
the new technology. It is a great energy policy for the last century.
  Mr. DINGELL. Mr. Chairman, I yield the balance of my time to the 
distinguished gentleman from Texas (Mr. Green).
  Mr. GREEN of Texas. Mr. Chairman, I thank my ranking member and good 
friend for allowing me to close on our side.
  I rise in support of H.R. 4 and want to commend the leaders on both 
sides, particularly in the Committee on Energy and Commerce that we 
worked on, what I consider a reasonable energy package. This 
legislation is long overdue and sorely needed because America has been 
wracked by unstable energy policies resulting from both internal and 
external pressures.
  The legislation before us today will help stabilize these prices 
through a combination of exploration and conservation. I am not 
standing here to pretend that we can drill our way out of our 
dependence on foreign oil, but we need to do better. However, by more 
utilization of our domestic energy sources, we can better absorb 
unexpected price shocks.
  In addition, the positive step this bill takes toward conservation 
will further stretch our energy supply. The bipartisan agreement in our 
committee between the gentleman from Michigan (Mr. Dingell) and the 
gentleman from Louisiana (Mr. Tauzin) has resulted in the first 
meaningful increase in the CAFE standard in over 2 decades.
  I understand this compromise may not go far enough for some folks, 
but it is an increase. I am concerned about American jobs. We need to 
make sure we have production, and exploration. I will have a discussion 
on this in later amendments.
  I am glad to support the bill and look forward to working with my 
colleagues.
  Mr. TAUZIN. Mr. Chairman, I yield such time as he may consume to the 
gentleman from Ohio (Mr. Sawyer).
  (Mr. SAWYER asked and was given permission to revise and extend his 
remarks.)
  Mr. SAWYER. Mr. Chairman, I thank both the gentleman from Louisiana 
and the gentleman from Michigan for their courtesy.
  Mr. Chairman, the bill before us is a modest effort. It bears the 
earmarks of a rushed process. Energy policy is too important to the 
well-being of this country to be produced in impromptu committee 
sessions.
  I cannot emphasize strongly enough that no effort to solve this 
country's energy problems will be effective if we do not also tackle 
electricity issues. This bill almost entirely ignores the harder 
questions about electricity restructuring. It is bad enough that this 
bill turns its back on providing any help to the people of California. 
But it does nothing to demonstrate to the American people that Congress 
is willing to take the steps necessary to provide the kind of Federal 
framework that will allow the developing electricity markets to work 
properly.
  How can we tell our constituents that we are solving America's energy 
problems if we do nothing about an electrical transmission system that 
was designed to meet the needs of America in the 1930's? Several of us 
will shortly be introducing legislation that will provide for a 
transmission system appropriate to our new century.
  Let us strive to achieve a truly comprehensive and effective solution 
to our energy problems. That solution is not before us today. Let us 
commit ourselves to the hard and deliberative work of addressing 
electrical transmission and generation.

                              {time}  1315

  Mr. TAUZIN. Mr. Chairman, I yield myself such time as I may consume 
in closing on our Committee on Energy and Commerce time on this bill.
  Mr. Chairman, much has been said in the last 30 minutes about this 
bill, some of it critical. I want to make a point here that I hope all 
Members will pay some attention to: this bill does not do everything 
that this Congress needs to do.
  We are going to take up an electricity bill in the fall, we are going 
to take up a nuclear policy bill in the fall, we will hopefully renew 
Price-Anderson. We are going to do a number of other things in the fall 
which may carry forward some of our conservation efforts in this bill. 
But this bill is a giant step forward to securing America's energy 
future. I want to focus on two parts of it that I hope Americans will 
really appreciate.
  The first is this awful problem that boutique fuels have caused in 
our gasoline markets. To all Americans who found themselves, 
particularly in Chicago and Milwaukee a few years ago, paying 
incredible prices for gasoline because there was such a shortage, look 
to the boutique fuel market for your enemy.
  The boutique fuel market, designed to help clean air, unfortunately 
ended up with over 50 different formulations of fuel. It is a 
dysfunctional market that has raised the price in the Midwest from 30 
to 35 cents a gallon. This bill begins to straighten out that 
dysfunction and sets in place a method to lower the numbers of those 
reformulations of gasoline, still keeping strict abidance with the 
clean air requirements of our great Nation.
  Secondly, I want to focus on the CAFE standards in this bill. The 
CAFE standards to be adopted in this bill will require for the first 
time in 17 years SUVs and minivans to begin saving fuel the way we 
require it to be saved in the car fleets of America. Today the SUVs and 
minivans consume about 2.4 billion gallons of gasoline a year.
  This bill will require a savings of 5 billion gallons over the next 6 
years. That is the equivalent of parking two production years of all 
the SUVs and minivans that we produce on our highways in America, 
parking them for 2 years out of that 6. That is a significant floor 
upon which NHTSA will build its new CAFE requirements.
  This is only a floor. This is the minimum NHTSA must do, our National 
Highway Traffic Safety Administration. They can and should do more. We 
will be faced with an amendment later by several of our friends to 
dramatically increase that number in the bill. Let me warn all 
Americans, all of us in this room, the numbers we have, the report from 
the NAS, tells us if you move those numbers too fast, just because you 
want to, if you push those numbers too high, too fast, you will produce 
lighter vehicles on the road. History tells us you will have more 
deaths and injury.
  The industry can do a great deal with technology to move fuel 
efficiency up. This bill pushes them hard and we will get new fuel 
efficiencies in SUVs and minivans. You go too far, and you end up 
compromising safety.
  This a good bill, a great step forward. I commend it to a favorable 
vote of this body.
  The CHAIRMAN. All debate time allotted to the Committee on Energy and 
Commerce has expired.
  The Chair will now recognize for 10 minutes of debate each the 
gentleman from New York (Mr. Boehlert) and the gentleman from Texas 
(Mr. Hall).
  The Chair recognizes the gentleman from New York (Mr. Boehlert).
  Mr. BOEHLERT. Mr. Chairman, I yield myself such time as I may 
consume.
  Mr. Chairman, I am pleased to bring before the House the Committee on 
Science portions of H.R. 4 which are primarily found in division B of 
the bill. These provisions were originally part of H.R. 2460, which our 
committee passed unanimously.
  I would like to submit for the Record at this point materials that 
were prepared for the report accompanying H.R. 2460, which describe in 
detail the nature of the provisions that are now in division B.

  1. Section-by-Section Analysis of H.R. 4, Securing America's Future 
                       Energy (SAFE) Act of 2001


          division e: clean coal power initiative act of 2001

     Section 5000. Short Title
       Subsection 5000 cites the division as the ``Clean Coal 
     Power Initiative Act of 2001.''
     Sec. 5001. Findings
       Section 5001 contains the eight findings.
     Sec. 5002. Definitions
       Section 5003 defines the term ``cost and performance-based 
     goals'' to mean the cost

[[Page 15434]]

     and performance-based goals established under section 5004, 
     and the term ``Secretary'' to mean the Secretary of Energy.
     Sec. 5003. Clean Coal Power Initiative
       Subsection 5003(a) requires the Secretary to carry out the 
     Clean Coal Power Initiative under: (1) this division; (2) the 
     Federal Nonnuclear Energy Research and Development Act of 
     1974 (42 U.S.C.5901 et seq.); (3) the Energy Reorganization 
     Act of 1974 (42 U.S.C.5801 et seq.); and (4) title XIII of 
     the Energy Policy Act of 1992 (42 U.S.C.13331 et seq.), to 
     achieve cost and performance goals established by the 
     Secretary under section 5004.
     Sec. 5004. Cost and Performance Goals
       Subsection 5004(a) requires the Secretary to perform an 
     assessment that establishes measurable cost and performance 
     goals for 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2020 for the programs 
     authorized by this division. Such assessment must be based on 
     the latest scientific, economic, and technical knowledge.
       In establishing the cost and performance goals, subsection 
     5004(b) requires the Secretary to consult with 
     representatives of: (1) the United States coal industry; (2) 
     State coal development agencies; (3) the electric utility 
     industry; (4) railroads and other transportation industries; 
     (5) manufacturers of advanced coal-based equipment; (6) 
     institutions of higher learning, national laboratories, and 
     professional and technical societies; (7) organizations 
     representing workers; (8) organizations formed to--(A) 
     promote the use of coal; (B) further the goals of 
     environmental protection; and (C) promote the production and 
     generation of coal-based power from advanced facilities; and 
     (9) other appropriate Federal and State agencies.
       Under subsection 5004(c), the Secretary shall: (1) not 
     later than 120 days after the date of enactment of this 
     division, issue a set of draft cost and performance goals for 
     public comment; and (2) not later than 180 days after the 
     date of enactment, after taking into consideration any public 
     comments received, submit to the Committee on Energy and 
     Commerce and the Committee on Science of the House of 
     Representatives, and to the Senate, the final cost and 
     performance goals.
     Sec. 5005. Authorization of Appropriations
       Except as provided in subsection 5005(c), subsection 
     5005(a) authorizes to be appropriated to the Secretary to 
     carry out the Clean Coal Power Initiative under section 5003 
     $200.0 million for each of the fiscal years 2002 through 
     2011, to remain available until expended.
       Notwithstanding subsection 5005(a), subsection 5005(b) 
     prohibits the use of funds to carry out the activities 
     authorized by this division after September 30, 2002, unless 
     the Secretary has transmitted to the Committee on Energy and 
     Commerce and the Committee on Science of the House of 
     Representatives, and to the Senate, the report required by 
     this subsection and one month has elapsed since that 
     transmission. The report shall include, with respect to 
     subsection 5005(a), a 10-year plan containing: (1) a detailed 
     assessment of whether the aggregate funding levels provided 
     under subsection 5005(a) are the appropriate funding levels 
     for that program; (2) a detailed description of how proposals 
     will be solicited and evaluated, including a list of all 
     activities expected to be undertaken; (3) a detailed list of 
     technical milestones for each coal and related technology 
     that will be pursued; (4) recommendations for a mechanism for 
     recoupment of Federal funding for successful commercial 
     projects; and (5) a detailed description of how the program 
     will avoid problems enumerated in General Accounting Office 
     reports on the Clean Coal Technology Program, including 
     problems that have resulted in unspent funds and projects 
     that failed either financially or scientifically.
       Subsection 5005(c) provides that subsection 5005(b) shall 
     not apply to any project begun before September 30, 2002.
     Sec. 5006. Project Criteria
       Subsection 5006(a) prohibits the Secretary from providing 
     funding for project that does not advance efficiency, 
     environmental performance, and cost competitiveness well 
     beyond the level of technologies that are in operation or 
     have been demonstrated as of the date of the enactment of 
     this division.
       Subsection 5006(b) contains the technical criteria for the 
     Clean Coal Power Initiative.
       Under subsection 5006(b)(1)(A), in allocating the funds 
     authorized under section 5005(a), the Secretary shall ensure 
     that at least 80 percent of the funds are used only for 
     projects on coalbased gasification technologies, including 
     gasification combined cycle, gasification fuel cells, 
     gasification coproduction and hybrid gasification/combustion.
       Subsection 5006(b)(1)(B) requires the Secretary to set 
     technical milestones specifying emissions levels that coal 
     gasification projects must be designed to and reasonably 
     expected to achieve. The milestones shall get more 
     restrictive through the life of the program, and such 
     milestones shall be designed to achieve by 2020 coal 
     gasification projects able to: (1) remove 99 percent of 
     sulfur dioxide; (2) emit no more than 0.05 pounds (lbs) of 
     nitrous oxides (NOx) per million British Thermal Unit (BTU); 
     (3) achieve substantial reductions in mercury emissions; and 
     (4) achieve a thermal efficiency of 60 percent (higher 
     heating value).
       For projects not described in subsection 5006(b)(1)(A) or 
     subsection 5006(b)(1)(B), subsection 5006(b)(2) requires the 
     Secretary to set technical milestones specifying emissions 
     levels that the projects must be designed to and reasonably 
     expected to achieve. The milestones shall get more 
     restrictive through the life of the program, and such 
     milestones shall be designed to achieve by 2010 projects able 
     to: (1) remove 97 percent of sulfur dioxide; (2) emit no more 
     than 0.08 lbs of NOX per million BTU; (3) achieve 
     substantial reductions in mercury emissions; and (4) achieve 
     a thermal efficiency of 45 percent (higher heating value).
       Subsection 5006(c) prohibits the Secretary from providing a 
     funding award under this division unless the recipient of the 
     award has documented to the satisfaction of the Secretary 
     that: (1) the award recipient is financially viable without 
     the receipt of additional Federal funding; (2) the recipient 
     will provide sufficient information to the Secretary for the 
     Secretary to ensure that the award funds are spent 
     efficiently and effectively; and (3) a market exists for the 
     technology being demonstrated or applied, as evidenced by 
     statements of interest in writing from potential purchasers 
     of the technology.
       Subsection 5006(d) requires the Secretary to provide 
     financial assistance to projects that meet the requirements 
     of subsections 5006 (a), (b), and (c) and are likely to: (1) 
     achieve overall cost reductions in the utilization of coal to 
     generate useful forms of energy; (2) improve the 
     competitiveness of coal among various forms of energy in 
     order to maintain a diversity of fuel choices in the United 
     States to meet electricity generation requirements; and (3) 
     demonstrate methods and equipment that are applicable to 25 
     percent of the electricity generating facilities that use 
     coal as the primary feedstock as of the date of enactment of 
     this division.
       Subsection 5006(e) limits the Federal share of the cost of 
     a coal or related technology project funded by the Secretary 
     to not more than 50 percent.
       Subsection 5006(f) provides that neither the use of any 
     particular technology, nor the achievement of any emission 
     reduction, by any facility receiving assistance under this 
     division shall be taken into account for purposes of making 
     any determination under the Clean Air Act in applying the 
     provisions of that Act to a facility not receiving assistance 
     under this division, including any determination concerning 
     new source performance standards, lowest achievable emission 
     rate, best available control technology, or any other 
     standard, requirement, or limitation.
     Sec. 5007. Study
       Under subsection 5007(a), not later than one year after the 
     date of enactment of this division, and once every two years 
     thereafter through 2016, the Secretary, in cooperation with 
     other appropriate Federal agencies, must transmit to the 
     Committee on Energy and Commerce and the Committee on Science 
     of the House of Representatives, and to the Senate, a report 
     containing the results of a study to: (1) identify efforts 
     (and the costs and periods of time associated with those 
     efforts) that, by themselves or in combination with other 
     efforts, may be capable of achieving the cost and performance 
     goals; (2) develop recommendations for the Department of 
     Energy to promote the efforts identified under (1); and (3) 
     develop recommendations for additional authorities required 
     to achieve the cost and performance goals.
       In carrying out this section, subsection 5007(b) requires 
     the Secretary shall give due weight to the expert advice of 
     representatives of the entities described in subsection 
     5004(b).
     Sec. 5008. Clean Coal Centers of Excellence
       As part of the Clean Coal Power Initiative authorized in 
     section 5003, section 5008, which is included in the 
     manager's amendment, requires the Secretary to award 
     competitive, merit-based grants to universities for the 
     establishment of Centers of Excellence for Energy Systems of 
     the Future. Such centers shall be located at universities 
     with a proven record of conducting research on, developing, 
     or demonstrating clean coal technologies. The Secretary shall 
     provide grants to universities that can show the greatest 
     potential for demonstrating new clean coal technologies.

  II. Committee on Science Views on H.R. 4, Securing America's Future 
                       Energy (SAFE) Act of 2001


          DIVISION E: Clean Coal Power Initiative Act of 2001

       Division E of H.R. 4, the Clean Coal Power Initiative Act 
     of 2001, provides $2 billion over 10 years for the 
     Administration's Clean Coal Power Initiative. Like the 
     Administration, the Committee believes that coal is likely to 
     continue to be a significant source of electric power in the 
     U.S. for years to come, given its domestic abundance. 
     However, if that is to be the case, coal must become a far 
     more efficient and cleaner fuel. Such improvements will 
     require, among other actions, government investment in 
     research, development, demonstration and commercial 
     application of truly advanced coal technologies. Neither the 
     taxpayers nor the coal industry will be well served in the 
     long run

[[Page 15435]]

     if government investments are made in technologies that do 
     not ``push the envelope.'' Moreover, a concerted effort will 
     be needed to strengthen the management of clean coal 
     programs.
       With those concerns in mind, division E places a number of 
     requirements and restrictions on the Clean Coal Power 
     Initiative.
       First, the Committee is requiring a detailed report on how 
     the Initiative will be organized and implemented. The 
     Committee is disturbed that at Committee hearings, the 
     Administration could neither explain how the $2 billion 
     figure was arrived at nor how the money would be spent. Given 
     the priority the Administration has placed on the Initiative, 
     the Committee will allow the Initiative to begin. However, no 
     funds may be as of October 1, 2002, unless the Administration 
     has submitted the detailed report required by this division 
     and it has been before the Congress for 1 month.
       The report must be specific in explaining how the $2 
     billion figure was developed, the scope of the Initiative, 
     how the Initiative will operate, what technical milestones 
     will be established and how they will be achieved, and how 
     the Initiative can be guided or informed by the successes and 
     failures of past clean coal efforts. The report must also 
     include recommendations for recoupment of federal funds for 
     successful projects.
       The division also establishes strict, environmental 
     standards that projects must be designed to meet and 
     reasonably be expected to achieve in order to receive 
     funding. Moreover, at least 80 percent of the funding must be 
     devoted to projects related to gasification technologies that 
     are furthest from development and promise the greatest 
     environmental benefit among economically viable technologies, 
     and, therefore, the ones most deserving of government 
     support.
       The Committee intends that the Secretary set strict, 
     achievable, specific environmental milestones to ensure that 
     the projects comply with section 5006. The environmental 
     criteria in this division, which are taken from industry's 
     own technology roadmap, are not mere advisory guidelines. 
     They are precise requirements that the Initiative must be 
     designed to meet.
       The Committee intends that the efficiency requirements 
     refer to generation efficiency and that the efficiency 
     numbers apply to plants that are exclusively generating 
     power. The Secretary should issue equivalent efficiency 
     numbers for plants involved in the production of industrial 
     chemicals or other activities.
       The division also sets strict financial criteria for 
     participants in the Initiative. These criteria are absolutely 
     essential to the success of the program. The Committee 
     intends that the Secretary require specific, written 
     documentation and audits from the participants to meet the 
     requirements of subsection 5006(c). For example, a market 
     should exist for the technology being demonstrated or 
     applied, as evidenced by statements of interest in writing 
     from potential purchasers of technology.
       The Committee recommends that the Secretary consult with 
     objective, outside experts in developing the report, 
     including those from the National Academies of Science and 
     Engineering (who will eventually be reviewing the Initiative, 
     pursuant to section 2616 of H.R. 4) and the General 
     Accounting Office. The Committee also recommends that, in 
     writing the report and carrying out the program, the 
     Secretary consult with environmental groups and other 
     environmental experts (as a primary goal of the program is 
     making coal a more environmentally benign fuel), the coal 
     industry, the utility industry, and the coal equipment 
     manufacturing industry.
       The Committee is aware of a proposed dry coal cleaning 
     technology demonstration involving a pulverizer and dry 
     separator operating together to remove impurities from coal 
     and other minerals. The Committee encourages the Secretary to 
     provide assistance for demonstration of such innovative 
     magnetic separator technologies.
     Sec. 5008. Clean Coal Centers of Excellence
       Section 5008 directs the Secretary to provide grants to 
     universities for the establishment of clean coal centers of 
     excellence. Based on the Subcommittee on Energy's June 12, 
     2001 hearing on Clean Coal Technology and subsequent 
     discussions and materials, the Committee strongly encourages 
     the Secretary to consider as potential recipients Southern 
     Illinois University, the University of Pittsburgh, Carnegie-
     Mellon University, and the Center for Electric Power at 
     Tennessee Technological University.

  I. Summary OF Major Provisions of H.R. 4, Securing America's Future 
                       Energy (SAFE) Act of 2001


  division B: comprehensive energy research and technology act of 2001

       Division B of H.R. 4, the Comprehensive Energy Research and 
     Technology Act of 2001, authorizes a total of $16,802,153,000 
     for the period FY 2002-2009 in five titles for research, 
     development, demonstration, and commercial application 
     programs, projects, and activities of the Department of 
     Energy (DOE) and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) 
     Office of Air and Radiation (OAR).
       Title I (Energy Conservation and Energy Efficiency) 
     authorizes $3,025,542,000 for FY 2002-FY 2006 in six 
     subtitles, as follows:
       1. A--Alternative Fuel Vehicles: $200.0 million for FY 2002 
     for not more than 15 grants (with a maximum grant size of 
     $20.0 million) to State and local governments, or 
     metropolitan transit authorities for the demonstration and 
     commercial application of alternative fuel and ultra-low 
     sulfur diesel vehicles.
       2. B--Distributed Power Hybrid Energy Systems: Section 2125 
     authorizes $20.0 million for FY 2002 for competitive, merit-
     based grants for the development of micro-generation energy 
     technology.
       3. C--Secondary Electric Vehicle Battery Use: $1.0 million 
     for FY 2002, and $7.0 million for each of FY 2003 and FY 2004 
     for a research, development, and demonstration (RD&D) 
     program.
       4. D--Green School Buses: $40.0 million for FY 2002, $50.0 
     million for FY 2003, $60.0 million for FY 2004, $70.0 million 
     for FY 2005, and $70.0 million for FY 2006 for competitive 
     grants for the demonstration and commercial application of 
     alternative fuel and ultra-low sulfur diesel school buses.
       5. E--Next Generation Lighting Initiative: Authorizes the 
     Secretary of Energy (Secretary) to research, develop, and 
     conduct demonstration activities on advanced lighting 
     technologies, including white light emitting diodes.
       6. F--DOE Authorization of Appropriations: In addition to 
     the amounts authorized under subtitle A, section 2125 of 
     subtitle B, and subtitle D, authorizes $625.0 million for FY 
     2002, $700.0 million for FY 2003, and $800.0 million for FY 
     2004 for subtitles B, C, E, and for Energy Conservation 
     operation and maintenance (including Building Technology, 
     State and Community Sector (Nongrants), Industry Sector, 
     Transportation Sector, Power Technologies, and Policy and 
     Management).
       7. G--EPA OAR Authorization of Appropriations: $121.9 
     million for FY 2002, $126.8 million for FY 2003, and $131.8 
     million for FY 2004.
       In addition, subtitle H (National Building Performance 
     Initiative) requires the Director of the Office of Science 
     and Technology Policy (OSTP) to establish and Interagency 
     Group responsible for the development and implementation of a 
     National Building Performance Initiative to address energy 
     conservation research and development (R&D) and related 
     issues.
       Title II (Renewable Energy) authorizes $2,468,200,000 for 
     FY 2002-FY 2006 in four subtitles, as follows:
       1. A--Hydrogen: $60.0 million for FY 2002, $70.0 million 
     for FY 2003, $80.0 million for FY 2004, $90.0 million for FY 
     2005, and $100.0 million for FY 2006.
       2. B--Bioenergy: $148.2 million for FY 2002, $162.9 million 
     for FY 2003, $179.9 million for FY 2004, $199.4 million for 
     FY 2005, and $221.8 million for FY 2006.
       3. C--Transmission Infrastructure Systems: Directs the 
     Secretary to develop and implement a comprehensive RD&D and 
     commercial application program to ensure the reliability, 
     efficiency, and environmental integrity of electrical 
     transmission systems.
       4. D--DOE Authorization of Appropriations: $535.0 million 
     for FY 2002, $639.0 million for FY 2003, and $683.0 million 
     for FY 2004, $70.0 million for FY 2005, and $70.0 million for 
     FY 2006, including the amounts authorized under subtitle A 
     and subtitle B and for Renewable Energy operation and 
     maintenance, including subtitle C, Geothermal Technology 
     Development, Hydropower, Concentrating Solar Power, 
     Photovoltaic Energy Systems, Solar Building Technology 
     Research, Wind Energy Systems, High Temperature 
     Superconducting Research and Development, Energy Storage 
     Systems, Transmission Reliability, International Renewable 
     Energy Program, Renewable Energy Production Incentive 
     Program, Renewable Program Support, National Renewable Energy 
     Laboratory, and Program Direction.
       Title III (Nuclear Energy) authorizes $724,995,000 for FY 
     2002-FY 2006 in three subtitles, as follows:
       1. A--University Nuclear Science and Energy: $30.2 million 
     for FY 2002, $41.0 million for FY 2003), $47.9 million for FY 
     2004, $55.6 million for FY 2004, and $61.4 million for FY 
     2005.
       2. B--Advanced Fuel Recycling Technology R&D Program: $10.0 
     million for FY 2002, and such sums as are necessary for each 
     of FY 2003 and FY 2004.
       3. C--DOE Authorization of Appropriations: $191.2 million 
     for FY 2002, $199.0 million for FY 2003, and $207.0 million 
     for FY 2004 for nuclear energy operation and maintenance, 
     including subtitle A, the Nuclear Energy Research Initiative 
     ($60.0 million for FY 2002, and such sums as are necessary 
     for each of FY 2003 and FY 2004), the Nuclear Energy Plant 
     Optimization Program ($15.0 million for FY 2002, and such 
     sums as are necessary for each of FY 2003 and FY 2004), 
     Nuclear Energy Technologies ($20.0 million for FY 2002, and 
     such sums as are necessary for each of FY 2003 and FY 2004), 
     Advanced Radioisotope Power Systems, Test Reactor Landlord, 
     and Program Direction. In addition, funds are authorized to 
     complete two construction projects.
       Title IV (Fossil Energy) authorizes $5,933,000,000 for FY 
     2002-FY 2009 in five subtitles, as follows:

[[Page 15436]]


       1. A--Coal: $172.0 million for FY 2002, $179.0 million for 
     FY 2003, $186.0 million for FY 2005 for coal and related 
     technologies programs.
       2. B--Oil and Gas: Authorizes RD&D and commercial 
     application programs on petroleum-oil technology and natural 
     gas technologies.
       3. C--Ultra-Deepwater and Unconventional Drilling: $4,516.0 
     million for the period FY 2002-FY 2009 for RD&D of ultra-
     deepwater natural gas and other petroleum exploration and 
     production technologies.
       4. D--Fuel Cells: Authorizes an RD&D program on fuel cells, 
     including $28.0 million for each of FY 2002-FY 2004 for the 
     demonstration of manufacturing production and processes.
       5. E--DOE Authorization of Appropriations: $282.0 million 
     for FY 2002, $293.0 million for FY 2003, and $305.0 million 
     for subtitle B, subtitle D, and for Fossil Energy R&D 
     Headquarters Program Direction, Field Program Direction, 
     Plant and Capital Equipment, Cooperative Research and 
     Development, Import/Export Authorization, and Advanced 
     Metallurgical Processes.
       Title V (Science) authorizes $4,541,858,000 for FY 2002-FY 
     2006 in four subtitles, as follows:
       1. A--Fusion Energy Sciences: $320.0 million for FY 2002 
     and $335.0 million for FY 2003.
       2. B--Spallation Neutron Source (SNS): $276.3 million for 
     FY 2002, $201.571 million for FY 2003, $124.6 million for FY 
     2004, $79.8 million for FY 2005, and $41.1 million for FY 
     2006 for completion of construction, and $15.353 million for 
     FY 2002 and $103.279 million for FY 2003-FY 2006 for other 
     project costs. Caps the project at $1,192.7 million for costs 
     of construction, $219.0 million for other project costs, and 
     $1,411.7 million for total project cost.
       3. C--Facilities, Infrastructure, and User Facilities--
     Requires the Secretary to develop and implement a least-cost 
     nonmilitary energy laboratory facility and infrastructure 
     strategy, and requires full and open competition for 
     universities and other entities in the establishment or 
     operation of a DOE user facility.
       4. E--DOE Authorization of Appropriations: $3,299,558,000 
     for FY 2002 for Office of Science operation and maintenance 
     (also including Fusion Energy Sciences, SNS, subtitle C, High 
     Energy Physics, Nuclear Physics, Biological and Environmental 
     Research, Basic Energy Sciences (except for the Spallation 
     Neutron Source), Advanced Scientific Computing Research, 
     Energy Research Analysis, Multiprogram Energy Laboratories-
     Facilities Support, Facilities and Infrastructure, Safeguards 
     and Security, and Program Direction), and including $5.0 
     million for FY 2002 for research in the use of precious 
     metals in catalysts. Also authorizes funds to complete a 
     number of construction projects.
       In addition, subtitle D (Advisory Panel on Office of 
     Science) requires the Director of OSTP to establish an 
     Advisory Panel on the DOE Office of Science.
       Title VI (Miscellaneous) contains two subtitles. Subtitle A 
     (General Provisions for the Department of Energy), identifies 
     current statutes that should be used for procedures and 
     guidelines to carry out the Act, limits use of funds, and 
     establishes cost-sharing requirements and reprogramming 
     guidelines. Subtitle B (Other Miscellaneous Provisions) 
     establishes limits on general plant projects and construction 
     projects, provides authority for conceptual and construction 
     design activities, requires that certain reports prepared 
     pursuant to the National Energy Policy Development Group 
     recommendations be transmitted to specific congressional 
     committees, and requires periodic reviews and assessments of 
     the programs authorized by the Act.
       Table I summarizes the authorizations for the period FY 
     2002-2009 for programs, projects, and activities in five 
     titles in Division B. Table 2 summarizes and Table 3 details 
     the division's authorizations for FY 2002-FY 2004.

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[[Page 15449]]

 II. Section-by-Section Analysis of H.R. 4, Securing America's Future 
                       Energy (SAFE) Act of 2001


  DIVISION B: Comprehensive Energy Research and Technology Act of 2001

     Section 2001. Short Title
       Subsection 2001 cites the division as the ``Comprehensive 
     Energy Research and Technology Act of 2001.''
     Sec. 2002. Findings
       Section 2003 contains the eight findings.
     Sec. 2003. Purposes
       Section 2003 contains the eight purposes of the Act.
     Sec. 2004. Goals
       Subsection 2004(a) states that, subject to subsection 
     2004(b), the Secretary should conduct a balanced energy RD&D 
     and commercial application portfolio of programs guided by 
     the specific goals listed for each of (1) Energy Conservation 
     and Energy Efficiency, (2) Renewable Energy, (3) Nuclear 
     Energy, (4) Fossil Energy and (5) Science.
       Subsection 2004(b) requires the Secretary of Energy, in 
     consultation with others, to perform an assessment that 
     establishes measurable cost and performance-based goals, or 
     that modifies the goals under subsection (a), for 2005, 2010, 
     2015, and 2020, for each of the programs authorized by this 
     Act, that would enable each such program to meet the purposes 
     under section 2003. The assessment is to be based on the 
     latest scientific and technical knowledge, and shall also 
     take into consideration, as appropriate, the comparative 
     environmental impacts (including emissions of greenhouse 
     gases) of the energy saved or produced by specific programs.
       In establishing the measurable cost and performance-based 
     goals under subsection 2004(b), subsection 2004(c) requires 
     the Secretary to consult with the private sector, 
     institutions of higher learning, national laboratories, 
     environmental organizations, professional and technical 
     societies, and any other persons the Secretary considers 
     appropriate.
       Subsection 2004(d) requires the Secretary, within 120 days 
     of the date of enactment of this Act, to issue and publish in 
     the Federal Register a set of draft measurable cost and 
     performance-based goals for public comment for those programs 
     established before the date of enactment of this Act. (In the 
     case of a program not established before the date of the 
     enactment of this Act, then not later than 120 days after the 
     date of establishment of the program). Not later than 60 days 
     after the date of publication, after taking into 
     consideration any public comments received, the Secretary is 
     to transmit to the Congress and publish in the Federal 
     Register the final measurable cost and performance-based 
     goals. Such goals must be updated on a biennial basis.
     Sec. 2005. Definitions
       Section 2005 defines the terms: (1) ``Administrator'' to 
     mean the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency 
     (EPA); (2) ``appropriate congressional committees'' to mean 
     (A) the Committee on Science and the Committee on 
     Appropriations of the House of Representatives; and (B) the 
     Committee on Energy and Natural Resources and the Committee 
     on Appropriations of the Senate; (3) the ``Department'' to 
     mean the Department of Energy; and (4) the ``Secretary'' to 
     mean the Secretary of Energy.
     Sec. 2006. Authorizations
       Section 2006 states that authorizations of appropriations 
     under this Act are for environmental R&D, scientific and 
     energy RD&D and commercial application of energy technology 
     programs, projects, and activities. This is consistent with 
     the Science Committee's jurisdiction under rule X, clause I 
     (n) of the Rules of the House.
     Sec. 2007. Balance of Funding Priorities
       Subsection 2007(a) expresses the sense of the Congress that 
     the funding of the various programs authorized by titles I 
     through IV of this Act should remain in the same proportion 
     to each other as provided in this Act, regardless of the 
     total amount of funding made available for those programs.
       If the amounts appropriated in general appropriations Acts 
     for FY 2002, FY 2003, or FY 2004 for the programs authorized 
     in titles I through IV of this Act are not in the same 
     proportion to one another as are the authorizations for such 
     programs in this Act, subsection 2207(b) requires the 
     Secretary and the Administrator, within 60 days after the 
     date of the enactment of the last general appropriations Act 
     appropriating amounts for such programs, to transmit to the 
     appropriate congressional committees a report describing the 
     programs, projects, and activities that would have been 
     funded if the proportions provided for in this Act had been 
     maintained in the appropriations. The amount appropriated for 
     the program receiving the highest percentage of its 
     authorized funding for a fiscal year shall be used as the 
     baseline for calculating the proportional deficiencies of 
     appropriations for other programs in that fiscal year.

           TITLE I--ENERGY CONSERVATION AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY

                 Subtitle A--Alternative Fuel Vehicles

     Sec. 2101. Short Title
       Subsection 2101 cites the subtitle as the ``Alternative 
     Fuel Vehicle Acceleration Act of 2001.''
     Sec. 2102. Definitions
       Section 2102 defines the terms ``alternative fuel 
     vehicle,'' ``pilot program,'' and ``ultra-low sulfur diesel 
     vehicle.''
     Sec. 2103. Pilot Program
       Subsection 2103(a) directs the Secretary to establish an 
     alternative fuel and ultra-low sulfur diesel vehicle energy 
     demonstration and commercial application competitive grant 
     pilot program to provide not more than 15 grants to State 
     governments, local governments, or metropolitan 
     transportation authorities to carry out a project or projects 
     for the purposes described in subsection (b).
       Subsection 2103(b) defines the purposes for which the 
     grants may be used.
       Subsections 2103(c), (d), and (e) set out the grant 
     application requirements, selection criteria, and pilot 
     project requirements, respectively.
       Subsection 2103(e) limits: (1) the amount of an award to 
     any one applicant to not more than $20.0 million; (2) the 
     Federal cost share to not more than 50 percent; and (3) the 
     length of the funding period to not more than five years. It 
     also directs the Secretary to assure nationwide deployment of 
     alternative fuel vehicles through broad geographic 
     distribution of project sites; and to establish mechanisms 
     that ensure the dissemination of information gained by the 
     pilot program participants to all interested parties 
     including all other applicants.
       Subsection 2103(f) directs the Secretary to publish in the 
     Federal Register, Commerce Business Daily, and elsewhere 
     requests for project grant applications under the pilot 
     program, which shall be due within six months after the 
     notice publication. The Secretary shall select from among the 
     project grant applications by a competitive, peer review 
     process to award grants under the pilot program.
       Section 2103(g) mandates that the Secretary shall provide 
     not less than 20 percent and not more than 25 percent of the 
     grant funding for the acquisition of ultra-low sulfur diesel 
     vehicles.
     Sec. 2104. Reports to Congress
       Section 2104 requires the Secretary to transmit an initial 
     report to the appropriate congressional committees within two 
     months after the grants are awarded detailing the successful 
     applicants' projects, a listing of the applicants and a 
     description of the information dissemination mechanism under 
     2103(e)(5). Not later than three years after the date of 
     enactment, and annually thereafter until the program ends, 
     the Secretary is required to transmit a report containing an 
     evaluation of the pilot program's effectiveness to the same 
     committees. This evaluation report is to include an 
     assessment of the benefits to the environment derived from 
     the projects included in the pilot program as well as an 
     estimate of the potential benefits to the environment to be 
     derived from widespread application of alternative fuel 
     vehicles and ultralow sulfur diesel vehicles.
     Sec. 2105. Authorization of Appropriations
       Section 2105 authorizes $200.0 million for FY 2002 for the 
     pilot program, to remain available until expended.

           TITLE I--ENERGY CONSERVATION AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY

          Subtitle B--Distributed Power Hybrid Energy Systems

     Sec. 2121. Findings
       Section 2121 lists 4 findings.
     Sec. 2122. Definitions
       Section 2122 defines the terms ``distributed power hybrid 
     system'' and ``distributed power source.''
     Sec. 2123. Strategy
       Under subsection 2123(a), not later than one year after the 
     date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall 
     develop and transmit to the Congress a distributed power 
     hybrid systems strategy showing: (1) needs best met with 
     distributed power hybrid systems configurations, especially 
     systems including one or more solar or renewable power 
     sources; and (2) technology gaps and barriers (including 
     barriers to efficient connection with the power grid) that 
     impede the use of distributed power hybrid systems.
       Subsection 2123(b) specifies five elements the strategy 
     should address, including a comprehensive RD&D and commercial 
     application program to ensure the reliability, efficiency, 
     and environmental integrity of distributed energy resources.
       Subsection 2123(c) requires the Secretary to implement the 
     strategy transmitted under subsection 2123(a) and the 
     research program under subsection 2123(b). Activities 
     pursuant to the strategy are to be integrated with other 
     activities of the DOE's Office of Power Technologies.
     Sec. 2124. High Power Density Industry Program
       Subsection 2124(a) requires the Secretary to develop and 
     implement a comprehensive RD&D and commercial application 
     program to improve energy efficiency, reliability, and 
     environmental responsibility in high power density 
     industries, such as data centers, server farms, 
     telecommunications facilities, and heavy industry.

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       Subsection 2124(b) provides that in carrying out this 
     section, the Secretary shall consider technologies that 
     provide: (1) significant improvement in efficiency of high 
     power density facilities, and in data and telecommunications 
     centers, using advanced thermal control technologies; (2) 
     significant improvements in air-conditioning efficiency in 
     facilities such as data centers and telecommunications 
     facilities; (3) significant advances in peak load reduction; 
     and (4) advanced real time metering and load management and 
     control devices.
       Subsection 2124(c) requires that activities pursuant to 
     this program be integrated with other activities of the DOE's 
     Office of Power Technologies.
     Sec. 2125. Micro-Cogeneration Energy Technology
       Section 2125 requires the Secretary to make competitive, 
     merit-based grants to consortia of private sector entities 
     for the development of micro-cogeneration energy technology. 
     The consortia shall explore the creation of small-scale 
     combined heat and power through the use of residential 
     heating appliances. The section also authorizes $20.0 
     million, to remain available until expended.
     Sec. 2126. Program Plan
       Section 2126 directs the Secretary to consult with 
     appropriate representatives of the distributed energy 
     resources, power transmission, and high power density 
     industries, other appropriate entities, and Federal, State 
     and local agencies, within four months of enactment, to 
     present to Congress a five-year program plan to guide 
     activities under this subtitle.
     Sec. 2127. Report
       Section 2127 instructs the Secretary, jointly with other 
     appropriate Federal agencies, to report to Congress within 
     two years of enactment and every two years thereafter for the 
     duration of the program on the program's progress made to 
     achieve the purposes of this subtitle.
     Sec. 2128. Voluntary Consensus Standards
       Under this section, not later than two years after the date 
     of enactment of this Act, the Secretary, in consultation with 
     the NIST, sball work with the Institute of Electrical and 
     Electronic Engineers and other standards development 
     organizations toward the development of voluntary consensus 
     standards for distributed energy systems for use in 
     manufacturing and using equipment and systems for connection 
     with electric distribution systems, for obtaining electricity 
     from, or providing electricity to, such systems.

           TITLE I--ENERGY CONSERVATION AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY

           Subtitle C--Secondary Electric Vehicle Battery Use

     Sec. 2131. Definitions
       Section 2131 defines the terms ``battery'' and ``associated 
     equipment.''
     Sec. 2132. Establishment of Secondary Electric Vehicle 
         Battery Use Program
       Subsection 2132(a) directs the Secretary to establish and 
     carry out a RD&D program for the secondary use of batteries 
     originally used in transportation applications. The program 
     should demonstrate the use of batteries in secondary 
     application, including utility and commercial power storage 
     and power quality and should be structured to evaluate the 
     performance, including longevity of useful service life and 
     costs, of such batteries in field operations, and evaluate 
     the necessary supporting infrastructure, including disposal 
     and reuse of batteries. The Secretary is directed to 
     coordinate with ongoing secondary battery use programs 
     underway at the national laboratories and in industry.
       Subsection 2132(b) directs the Secretary, no later than six 
     months after the date of the enactment of this Act, to 
     solicit proposals to demonstrate the secondary use of 
     batteries and associated equipment and supporting 
     infrastructure in geographic locations throughout the United 
     States. The Secretary may make additional solicitations for 
     proposals if the Secretary determines that such solicitations 
     are necessary to carry out this section. Proposals submitted 
     in response to a solicitation under this section shall 
     include: (1) a description of the project, including the 
     batteries to be used in the project; the proposed locations 
     and applications for the batteries; the number of batteries 
     to be demonstrated; and the type, characteristics, and 
     estimated life-cycle costs of the batteries compared to other 
     energy storage devices currently in use; (2) the 
     contribution, if any, of State or local governments and other 
     persons to the demonstration project; (3) the type of 
     associated equipment to be demonstrated and the type of 
     supporting infrastructure to be demonstrated; and (4) any 
     other information the Secretary considers appropriate. If the 
     proposal includes a lease arrangement, the proposal shall 
     indicate the terms of such lease arrangement for the 
     batteries and associated equipment.
       Subsection 2132(c) directs the Secretary, no later than 
     three months after the closing date established by the 
     Secretary for receipt of proposals under subsection 2132(b), 
     to select at least five proposals to receive financial 
     assistance under this subsection. No one project selected is 
     permitted to receive more than 25 percent of the funds 
     authorized under this section, and no more than three 
     projects selected under this section shall demonstrate the 
     same battery type.
       In selecting a proposal under subsection 2132(c), the 
     Secretary must consider:
       (1) the ability of the proposer to acquire the batteries 
     and associated equipment and to successfully manage and 
     conduct the demonstration project, including the reporting 
     requirements;
       (2) the geographic and climatic diversity of the projects 
     selected;
       (3) the long-term technical and competitive viability of 
     the batteries to be used in the project and of the original 
     manufacturer of such batteries;
       (4) the suitability of the batteries for their intended 
     uses;
       (5) the technical performance of the battery, including the 
     expected additional useful life and the battery's ability to 
     retain energy;
       (6) the environmental effects of the use of and disposal of 
     the batteries proposed to be used in the project selected;
       (7) the extent of involvement of State or local government 
     and other persons in the demonstration project and whether 
     such involvement will permit a reduction of the Federal cost 
     share per project or otherwise be used to allow the Federal 
     contribution to be provided to demonstrate a greater number 
     of batteries; and
       (8) such other criteria as the Secretary considers 
     appropriate.
       The Secretary must require that as a part of a 
     demonstration project, the users of the batteries provide to 
     the proposer information regarding the operation, 
     maintenance, performance, and use of the batteries, and the 
     proposer provide such information to the battery 
     manufacturer, for three years after the beginning of the 
     demonstration project. The Secretary must also require the 
     proposer to provide to the Secretary information regarding 
     the operation, maintenance, performance, and use of the 
     batteries that the Secretary may request during the period of 
     the demonstration project. The proposer must provide at least 
     50 percent of the costs associated with the proposal.
     Sec. 2133. Authorization of appropriations
       Section 2133 authorizes (from amounts authorized under 
     section 2161(a)) for purposes of this subtitle $1.0 million 
     for FY 2002, $7.0 million for FY 2003 and $7.0 million for FY 
     2004, to remain available until expended.

           TITLE I--ENERGY CONSERVATION AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY

                     Subtitle D--Green School Buses

     Sec. 2141. Short Title
       Section 2141 cites the subtitle as the ``Clean Green School 
     Bus Act of 2001.''
     Sec. 2142. Establishment of Pilot
       Subsection 2142(a) directs the Secretary to establish a 
     pilot program for awarding grants on a competitive basis to 
     eligible entities for the demonstration and commercial 
     application of alternative fuel school buses and ultra-low 
     sulfur diesel school buses.