[Congressional Record (Bound Edition), Volume 145 (1999), Part 9]
[Senate]
[Pages 12972-12974]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office, www.gpo.gov]



             MILITARY CONSTRUCTION APPROPRIATIONS ACT, 2000

  The Senate resumed consideration of the bill.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. Under the previous order, the Senate will now 
proceed to vote on S. 1205, which the clerk will read a third time.
  The bill was read the third time.
  Mr. ROTH. Mr. President, I ask for the yeas and nays.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there a sufficient second?
  There is a sufficient second.
  The yeas and nays were ordered.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The bill having been read the third time, the 
question is, Shall the bill pass? The yeas and nays have been ordered.
  The clerk will call the roll.
  The legislative assistant called the roll.
  Mr. REID. I announce that the Senator from Iowa (Mr. Harkin) is 
necessarily absent.
  I further announce that, if present and voting, the Senator from Iowa 
(Mr. Harkin) would vote ``aye.''
  The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. Hutchinson). Are there any other Senators 
in the Chamber who desire to vote?
  The result was announced--yeas 97, nays 2, as follows:

                      [Rollcall Vote No. 168 Leg.]

                                YEAS--97

     Abraham
     Akaka
     Allard
     Ashcroft
     Baucus
     Bayh
     Bennett
     Biden
     Bingaman
     Bond
     Boxer
     Breaux
     Brownback
     Bryan
     Bunning
     Burns
     Byrd
     Campbell
     Chafee
     Cleland
     Cochran
     Collins
     Conrad
     Coverdell
     Craig
     Crapo
     Daschle
     DeWine
     Dodd
     Domenici
     Dorgan
     Durbin
     Edwards
     Enzi
     Feinstein
     Fitzgerald
     Frist
     Gorton
     Graham
     Gramm
     Grams
     Grassley
     Gregg
     Hagel
     Hatch
     Helms
     Hollings
     Hutchinson
     Hutchison
     Inhofe
     Inouye
     Jeffords
     Johnson
     Kennedy
     Kerrey
     Kerry
     Kohl
     Kyl
     Landrieu
     Lautenberg
     Leahy
     Levin
     Lieberman
     Lincoln
     Lott
     Lugar
     Mack
     McConnell
     Mikulski
     Moynihan
     Murkowski
     Murray
     Nickles
     Reed
     Reid
     Robb
     Roberts
     Rockefeller
     Roth
     Santorum
     Sarbanes
     Schumer
     Sessions
     Shelby
     Smith (NH)
     Smith (OR)
     Snowe
     Specter
     Stevens
     Thomas
     Thompson
     Thurmond
     Torricelli
     Voinovich
     Warner
     Wellstone
     Wyden

                                NAYS--2

     Feingold
     McCain
       

                             NOT VOTING--1

       
     Harkin
       
  The bill (S. 1205) was passed, as follows:

                                S. 1205

       Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of 
     the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the 
     following sums are appropriated, out of any money in the 
     Treasury not otherwise appropriated, for military 
     construction, family housing, and base realignment and 
     closure functions administered by the Department of Defense, 
     for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2000, and for other 
     purposes, namely:

                      Military Construction, Army

       For acquisition, construction, installation, and equipment 
     of temporary or permanent public works, military 
     installations, facilities, and real property for the Army as 
     currently authorized by law, including personnel in the Army 
     Corps of Engineers and other personal services necessary for 
     the purposes of this appropriation, and for construction and 
     operation of facilities in support of the functions of the 
     Commander in Chief, $1,067,422,000, to remain available until 
     September 30, 2004: Provided, That of this amount, not to 
     exceed $86,414 shall be available for study, planning, 
     design, architect and engineer services, and host nation 
     support, as authorized by law, unless the Secretary of 
     Defense determines that additional obligations are necessary 
     for such purposes and notifies the Committees on 
     Appropriations of both Houses of Congress of his 
     determination and the reasons therefor.

                      Military Construction, Navy

       For acquisition, construction, installation, and equipment 
     of temporary or permanent public works, naval installations, 
     facilities, and real property for the Navy as currently 
     authorized by law, including personnel in the Naval 
     Facilities Engineering Command and other personal services 
     necessary for the purposes of this appropriation, 
     $884,883,000, to remain available until September 30, 2004: 
     Provided, That of this amount, not to exceed $66,581,000 
     shall be available for study, planning, design, architect and 
     engineer services, as authorized by law, unless the Secretary 
     of Defense determines that additional obligations are 
     necessary for such purposes and notifies the Committees on 
     Appropriations of both Houses of Congress of his 
     determination and the reasons therefor.

                    Military Construction, Air Force

       For acquisition, construction, installation, and equipment 
     of temporary or permanent public works, military 
     installations, facilities, and real property for the Air 
     Force as currently authorized by law, $783,710,000, to remain 
     available until September 30, 2004: Provided, That of this 
     amount, not to exceed $32,764,000 shall be available for 
     study, planning, design, architect and engineer services, as 
     authorized by law, unless the Secretary of Defense determines 
     that additional obligations are necessary for such purposes 
     and notifies the Committees on Appropriations of both Houses 
     of Congress of his determination and the reasons therefor.

                  Military Construction, Defense-wide


                     (including transfer of funds)

       For acquisition, construction, installation, and equipment 
     of temporary or permanent public works, installations, 
     facilities, and real property for activities and agencies of 
     the Department of Defense (other than the military 
     departments), as currently authorized by law, $770,690,000, 
     to remain available until September 30, 2004: Provided, That 
     such amounts of this appropriation as may be determined by 
     the Secretary of Defense may be transferred to such 
     appropriations of the Department of Defense available for 
     military construction or family housing as he may designate, 
     to be merged with and to be available for the same purposes, 
     and for the same time period, as the appropriation or fund to 
     which transferred: Provided further, That of the amount 
     appropriated, not to exceed $38,664,000 shall be available 
     for study, planning, design, architect and engineer services, 
     as authorized by law, unless the Secretary of Defense 
     determines that additional obligations are necessary for such 
     purposes and notifies the Committees on Appropriations of 
     both Houses of Congress of his determination and the reasons 
     therefor.

               Military Construction, Army National Guard

       For construction, acquisition, expansion, rehabilitation, 
     and conversion of facilities for the training and 
     administration of the Army National Guard, and contributions 
     therefor, as authorized by chapter 1803 of title 10, United 
     States Code, and Military Construction Authorization Acts, 
     $226,734,000, to remain available until September 30, 2004.

               Military Construction, Air National Guard

       For construction, acquisition, expansion, rehabilitation, 
     and conversion of facilities for the training and 
     administration of the Air National Guard, and contributions 
     therefor, as authorized by chapter 1803 of title 10, United 
     States Code, and Military Construction Authorization Acts, 
     $238,545,000, to remain available until September 30, 2004.

                  Military Construction, Army Reserve

       For construction, acquisition, expansion, rehabilitation, 
     and conversion of facilities for the training and 
     administration of the Army Reserve as authorized by chapter 
     1803 of title 10, United States Code, and Military 
     Construction Authorization Acts, $105,817,000, to remain 
     available until September 30, 2004.

                  Military Construction, Naval Reserve

       For construction, acquisition, expansion, rehabilitation, 
     and conversion of facilities for the training and 
     administration of the reserve components of the Navy and 
     Marine Corps as authorized by chapter 1803 of title 10, 
     United States Code, and Military Construction Authorization 
     Acts, $31,475,000, to remain available until September 30, 
     2004.

                Military Construction, Air Force Reserve

       For construction, acquisition, expansion, rehabilitation, 
     and conversion of facilities for the training and 
     administration of the Air Force Reserve as authorized by 
     chapter 1803 of title 10, United States Code, and Military 
     Construction Authorization Acts,

[[Page 12973]]

     $35,864,000, to remain available until September 30, 2004.

                   North Atlantic Treaty Organization

                      Security Investment Program

       For the United States share of the cost of the North 
     Atlantic Treaty Organization Security Investment Program for 
     the acquisition and construction of military facilities and 
     installations (including international military headquarters) 
     and for related expenses for the collective defense of the 
     North Atlantic Treaty Area as authorized in Military 
     Construction Authorization Acts and section 2806 of title 10, 
     United States Code, $100,000,000, to remain available until 
     expended.

                          Family Housing, Army

       For expenses of family housing for the Army for 
     construction, including acquisition, replacement, addition, 
     expansion, extension and alteration and for operation and 
     maintenance, including debt payment, leasing, minor 
     construction, principal and interest charges, and insurance 
     premiums, as authorized by law, as follows: for Construction, 
     $60,900,000, to remain available until September 30, 2004; 
     for Operation and Maintenance, and for debt payment, 
     $1,098,080,000; in all $1,158,980,000.

                 Family Housing, Navy and Marine Corps

       For expenses of family housing for the Navy and Marine 
     Corps for construction, including acquisition, replacement, 
     addition, expansion, extension and alteration and for 
     operation and maintenance, including debt payment, leasing, 
     minor construction, principal and interest charges, and 
     insurance premiums, as authorized by law, as follows: for 
     Construction, $298,354,000, to remain available until 
     September 30, 2004; for Operation and Maintenance, and for 
     debt payment, $895,070,000; in all $1,193,424,000.

                       Family Housing, Air Force

       For expenses of family housing for the Air Force for 
     construction, including acquisition, replacement, addition, 
     expansion, extension and alteration and for operation and 
     maintenance, including debt payment, leasing, minor 
     construction, principal and interest charges, and insurance 
     premiums, as authorized by law, as follows: for Construction, 
     $335,034,000, to remain available until September 30, 2004; 
     for Operation and Maintenance, and for debt payment, 
     $821,892,000; in all $1,156,926,000.

                      Family Housing, Defense-wide

       For expenses of family housing for the activities and 
     agencies of the Department of Defense (other than the 
     military departments) for construction, including 
     acquisition, replacement, addition, expansion, extension and 
     alteration, and for operation and maintenance, leasing, and 
     minor construction, as authorized by law, as follows: for 
     Construction, $50,000, to remain available until September 
     30, 2004; for Operation and Maintenance, $41,440,000; in all 
     $41,490,000.

              Family Housing Revitalization Transfer Fund


                      (INCLUDING TRANSFER OF FUND)

       Notwithstanding any other provision of law, for expenses 
     related to improvements to existing family housing; 
     $25,000,000, to remain available until expended: Provided, 
     That the Secretary of Defense may transfer these funds only 
     to family housing accounts, within this title: Provided 
     further, That the funds transferred shall be merged with and 
     shall be available for the same purposes and for the same 
     period, as the appropriation to which transferred: Provided 
     further, That the funds shall not be transferred to the 
     Department of Defense Family Housing Improvement Fund.

         Department of Defense Family Housing Improvement Fund

       For the Department of Defense Family Housing Improvement 
     Fund, $25,000,000, to remain available until expended, as the 
     sole source of funds for planning, administrative, and 
     oversight costs incurred by the Housing Revitalization 
     Support Office relating to military family housing 
     initiatives undertaken pursuant to 10 U.S.C. 2883, pertaining 
     to alternative means of acquiring and improving military 
     family housing and supporting facilities.

             Base Realignment and Closure Account, Part IV

       For deposit into the Department of Defense Base Closure 
     Account 1990 established by section 2906(a)(1) of the 
     Department of Defense Authorization Act, 1991 (Public Law 
     101-510), $705,911,000, to remain available until expended: 
     Provided, That not more than $426,036,000 of the funds 
     appropriated herein shall be available solely for 
     environmental restoration, unless the Secretary of Defense 
     determines that additional obligations are necessary for such 
     purposes and notifies the Committees on Appropriations of 
     both Houses of Congress of his determination and the reasons 
     therefor.

                           GENERAL PROVISIONS

       Sec. 101. None of the funds appropriated in Military 
     Construction Appropriations Acts shall be expended for 
     payments under a cost-plus-a-fixed-fee contract for 
     construction, where cost estimates exceed $25,000, to be 
     performed within the United States, except Alaska, without 
     the specific approval in writing of the Secretary of Defense 
     setting forth the reasons therefor.
       Sec. 102. Funds appropriated to the Department of Defense 
     for construction shall be available for hire of passenger 
     motor vehicles.
       Sec. 103. Funds appropriated to the Department of Defense 
     for construction may be used for advances to the Federal 
     Highway Administration, Department of Transportation, for the 
     construction of access roads as authorized by section 210 of 
     title 23, United States Code, when projects authorized 
     therein are certified as important to the national defense by 
     the Secretary of Defense.
       Sec. 104. None of the funds appropriated in this Act may be 
     used to begin construction of new bases inside the 
     continental United States for which specific appropriations 
     have not been made.
       Sec. 105. No part of the funds provided in Military 
     Construction Appropriations Acts shall be used for purchase 
     of land or land easements in excess of 100 percent of the 
     value as determined by the Army Corps of Engineers or the 
     Naval Facilities Engineering Command, except: (1) where there 
     is a determination of value by a Federal court; (2) purchases 
     negotiated by the Attorney General or his designee; (3) where 
     the estimated value is less than $25,000; or (4) as otherwise 
     determined by the Secretary of Defense to be in the public 
     interest.
       Sec. 106. None of the funds appropriated in Military 
     Construction Appropriations Acts shall be used to: (1) 
     acquire land; (2) provide for site preparation; or (3) 
     install utilities for any family housing, except housing for 
     which funds have been made available in annual Military 
     Construction Appropriations Acts.
       Sec. 107. None of the funds appropriated in Military 
     Construction Appropriations Acts for minor construction may 
     be used to transfer or relocate any activity from one base or 
     installation to another, without prior notification to the 
     Committees on Appropriations.
       Sec. 108. No part of the funds appropriated in Military 
     Construction Appropriations Acts may be used for the 
     procurement of steel for any construction project or activity 
     for which American steel producers, fabricators, and 
     manufacturers have been denied the opportunity to compete for 
     such steel procurement.
       Sec. 109. None of the funds available to the Department of 
     Defense for military construction or family housing during 
     the current fiscal year may be used to pay real property 
     taxes in any foreign nation.
       Sec. 110. None of the funds appropriated in Military 
     Construction Appropriations Acts may be used to initiate a 
     new installation overseas without prior notification to the 
     Committees on Appropriations.
       Sec. 111. None of the funds appropriated in Military 
     Construction Appropriations Acts may be obligated for 
     architect and engineer contracts estimated by the Government 
     to exceed $500,000 for projects to be accomplished in Japan, 
     in any NATO member country, or in countries bordering the 
     Arabian Gulf, unless such contracts are awarded to United 
     States firms or United States firms in joint venture with 
     host nation firms.
       Sec. 112. None of the funds appropriated in Military 
     Construction Appropriations Acts for military construction in 
     the United States territories and possessions in the Pacific 
     and on Kwajalein Atoll, or in countries bordering the Arabian 
     Gulf, may be used to award any contract estimated by the 
     Government to exceed $1,000,000 to a foreign contractor: 
     Provided, That this section shall not be applicable to 
     contract awards for which the lowest responsive and 
     responsible bid of a United States contractor exceeds the 
     lowest responsive and responsible bid of a foreign contractor 
     by greater than 20 percent: Provided further, That this 
     section shall not apply to contract awards for military 
     construction on Kwajalein Atoll for which the lowest 
     responsive and responsible bid is submitted by a Marshallese 
     contractor.
       Sec. 113. The Secretary of Defense is to inform the 
     appropriate committees of Congress, including the Committees 
     on Appropriations, of the plans and scope of any proposed 
     military exercise involving United States personnel 30 days 
     prior to its occurring, if amounts expended for construction, 
     either temporary or permanent, are anticipated to exceed 
     $100,000.
       Sec. 114. Not more than 20 percent of the appropriations in 
     Military Construction Appropriations Acts which are limited 
     for obligation during the current fiscal year shall be 
     obligated during the last 2 months of the fiscal year.


                          (transfer of funds)

       Sec. 115. Funds appropriated to the Department of Defense 
     for construction in prior years shall be available for 
     construction authorized for each such military department by 
     the authorizations enacted into law during the current 
     session of Congress.
       Sec. 116. For military construction or family housing 
     projects that are being completed with funds otherwise 
     expired or lapsed for obligation, expired or lapsed funds may 
     be used to pay the cost of associated supervision, 
     inspection, overhead, engineering and design on those 
     projects and on subsequent claims, if any.
       Sec. 117. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, any 
     funds appropriated to a military department or defense agency 
     for the

[[Page 12974]]

     construction of military projects may be obligated for a 
     military construction project or contract, or for any portion 
     of such a project or contract, at any time before the end of 
     the fourth fiscal year after the fiscal year for which funds 
     for such project were appropriated if the funds obligated for 
     such project: (1) are obligated from funds available for 
     military construction projects; and (2) do not exceed the 
     amount appropriated for such project, plus any amount by 
     which the cost of such project is increased pursuant to law.


                          (transfer of funds)

       Sec. 118. During the 5-year period after appropriations 
     available to the Department of Defense for military 
     construction and family housing operation and maintenance and 
     construction have expired for obligation, upon a 
     determination that such appropriations will not be necessary 
     for the liquidation of obligations or for making authorized 
     adjustments to such appropriations for obligations incurred 
     during the period of availability of such appropriations, 
     unobligated balances of such appropriations may be 
     transferred into the appropriation ``Foreign Currency 
     Fluctuations, Construction, Defense'' to be merged with and 
     to be available for the same time period and for the same 
     purposes as the appropriation to which transferred.
       Sec. 119. The Secretary of Defense is to provide the 
     Committees on Appropriations of the Senate and the House of 
     Representatives with an annual report by February 15, 
     containing details of the specific actions proposed to be 
     taken by the Department of Defense during the current fiscal 
     year to encourage other member nations of the North Atlantic 
     Treaty Organization, Japan, Korea, and United States allies 
     bordering the Arabian Gulf to assume a greater share of the 
     common defense burden of such nations and the United States.


                          (transfer of funds)

       Sec. 120. During the current fiscal year, in addition to 
     any other transfer authority available to the Department of 
     Defense, proceeds deposited to the Department of Defense Base 
     Closure Account established by section 207(a)(1) of the 
     Defense Authorization Amendments and Base Closure and 
     Realignment Act (Public Law 100-526) pursuant to section 
     207(a)(2)(C) of such Act, may be transferred to the account 
     established by section 2906(a)(1) of the Department of 
     Defense Authorization Act, 1991, to be merged with, and to be 
     available for the same purposes and the same time period as 
     that account.
       Sec. 121. None of the funds appropriated or made available 
     by this Act may be obligated for Partnership for Peace 
     Programs or to provide support for non-NATO countries.
       Sec. 122. (a) Not later than 60 days before issuing any 
     solicitation for a contract with the private sector for 
     military family housing the Secretary of the military 
     department concerned shall submit to the congressional 
     defense committees the notice described in subsection (b).
       (b)(1) A notice referred to in subsection (a) is a notice 
     of any guarantee (including the making of mortgage or rental 
     payments) proposed to be made by the Secretary to the private 
     party under the contract involved in the event of--
       (A) the closure or realignment of the installation for 
     which housing is provided under the contract;
       (B) a reduction in force of units stationed at such 
     installation; or
       (C) the extended deployment overseas of units stationed at 
     such installation.
       (2) Each notice under this subsection shall specify the 
     nature of the guarantee involved and assess the extent and 
     likelihood, if any, of the liability of the Federal 
     Government with respect to the guarantee.
       (c) In this section, the term ``congressional defense 
     committees'' means the following:
       (1) The Committee on Armed Services and the Military 
     Construction Subcommittee, Committee on Appropriations of the 
     Senate.
       (2) The Committee on Armed Services and the Military 
     Construction Subcommittee, Committee on Appropriations of the 
     House of Representatives.


                          (transfer of funds)

       Sec. 123. During the current fiscal year, in addition to 
     any other transfer authority available to the Department of 
     Defense, amounts may be transferred from the account 
     established by section 2906(a)(1) of the Department of 
     Defense Authorization Act, 1991, to the fund established by 
     section 1013(d) of the Demonstration Cities and Metropolitan 
     Development Act of 1966 (42 U.S.C. 3374) to pay for expenses 
     associated with the Homeowners Assistance Program. Any 
     amounts transferred shall be merged with and be available for 
     the same purposes and for the same time period as the fund to 
     which transferred.
       Sec. 124. None of the funds appropriated in this Act or any 
     other Acts may be used for repair and maintenance of any flag 
     and general officer quarters in excess of $25,000 without 
     prior notification 30 calendar days in advance to the 
     congressional defense committees.
       Sec. 125. With the exception of budget authority for 
     ``North Atlantic Treaty Organization Security Investment 
     Program'', ``Family Housing, Army'' for operation and 
     maintenance, ``Family Housing, Navy and Marine Corps'' for 
     operation and maintenance, ``Family Housing, Air Force'' for 
     operation and maintenance and ``Family Housing, Defense-
     Wide'' for operation and maintenance, each amount of budget 
     authority for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2000, 
     provided in this Act, is hereby reduced by five per centum: 
     Provided, That such reduction shall be applied ratably to 
     each account, program, activity, and project provided for in 
     this Act.
       Sec. 126. Not later than April 30, 2000, the Secretary of 
     Defense shall submit to the congressional defense committees 
     a report examining the adequacy of special education 
     facilities and services available to the dependent children 
     of uniformed personnel stationed in the United States. The 
     report shall identify the following:
       (1) The schools on military installations in the United 
     States that are operated by the Department of Defense, other 
     entities of the Federal government, or local school 
     districts.
       (2) School districts in the United States that have 
     experienced an increase in enrollment of 20 percent or more 
     in the past five years resulting from base realignments or 
     consolidations.
       (3) The impact of increased special education requirements 
     on student populations, student-teacher ratios, and financial 
     requirements in school districts supporting installations 
     designated by the military departments as compassionate 
     assignment posts.
       (4) The adequacy of special education services and 
     facilities for dependent children of uniformed personnel 
     within the United States, particularly at compassionate 
     assignment posts.
       (5) Corrective measures that are needed to adequately 
     support the special education needs of military families, 
     including such improvements as the renovation of existing 
     schools or the construction of new schools.
       (6) An estimate of the cost of needed improvements, and a 
     recommended source of funding within the Department of 
     Defense.
       Sec. 127. The first proviso under the heading ``MILITARY 
     CONSTRUCTION TRANSFER FUND'' in chapter 6 of title II of the 
     1999 Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Act (Public Law 
     106-31) is amended by inserting ``and to the North Atlantic 
     Treaty Organization Security Investment Program as provided 
     in section 2806 of title 10, United States Code'' after ``to 
     military construction accounts''.
       Sec. 128. (a) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, 
     no funds appropriated or otherwise made available by this Act 
     may be used to carry out conveyance of land at the former 
     Fort Sheridan, Illinois, unless such conveyance is consistent 
     with a regional agreement among the communities and 
     jurisdictions in the vicinity of Fort Sheridan and in 
     accordance with section 2862 of the 1996 Defense 
     Authorization Act (division B of Public Law 104-106; 110 
     Stat. 573).
       (b) The land referred to in paragraph (a) is a parcel of 
     real property, including any improvements thereon, located at 
     the former Fort Sheridan, Illinois, consisting of 
     approximately 14 acres, and known as the northern Army 
     Reserve enclave area, that is covered by the authority in 
     section 2862 of the 1996 Defense Authorization Act and has 
     not been conveyed pursuant to that authority as to the date 
     of enactment of this Act.
       Sec. 129. (a) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, 
     no funds appropriated or otherwise made available by this Act 
     or any other Act may be obligated or expended for any purpose 
     relating to the construction at Bluegrass Army Depot, 
     Kentucky, of any facility employing a specific technology for 
     the demilitarization of assembled chemical munitions until 
     the date on which the Secretary of Defense submits to the 
     Committees on Appropriations of the Senate and House of 
     Representatives a report on the results of the completed 
     demonstration of the six alternatives to baseline 
     incineration for the destruction of chemical agents and 
     munitions as identified by the Program Evaluation Team of the 
     Assembled Chemical Weapons Assessment program.
       (b) In order to provide funding for the completion of the 
     demonstration of alternatives referred to in subsection (a), 
     the Secretary shall utilize the authority in section 8127 of 
     the Department of Defense Appropriations Act, 1999 (Public 
     Law 105-262; 112 Stat. 2333) in accordance with the 
     provisions of that section.
       This Act may be cited as the ``Military Construction 
     Appropriations Act, 2000''.

  Mrs. MURRAY. I move to reconsider the vote.
  Mrs. BOXER. I move to lay that motion on the table.
  The motion to lay on the table was agreed to.

                          ____________________