[Congressional Record Volume 172, Number 144 (Monday, September 14, 2026)]
[Senate]
[Pages S4641-S4645]
From the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]




                               ELECTIONS

  Madam President, on the DHS whistleblower, the news of which has just 
been made public, today, Americans get another whiff of Trump's scheme 
to rig the election. Today, Senator Padilla and I are revealing a 
bombshell whistleblower complaint about the Department of Homeland 
Security's effort to interfere in the upcoming election on Trump's 
behalf.
  The DHS whistleblower warns that the Department is pulling hundreds--
hundreds--of Federal agents from national security roles and sending 
them on a wild-goose chase. The goal: to try and prove Trump's sad, 
tired, and long-debunked election conspiracy theories. Apparently, 
agents are being commanded to violate State laws and lie to access 
private voter information and create law enforcement records as part of 
DHS's ``unlawful voter initiative.'' The whistleblower reports that 
innocent American citizens have been caught up in this effort to prove 
Trump's baseless voter fraud claims.
  Do you hear that, America? Trump's DHS, his Department of Homeland 
Security, is forcing its officials to carry out an illegal scheme, 
break State laws, lie about their identities, and treat U.S. citizens 
as collateral damage, all to advance Trump's scheme to rig the 
election. It is pathetic. It is horrible. That is how desperate Trump 
is to escape the wrath of the electorate.
  Donald, end this illegal initiative now, and stop meddling in our 
elections.


                              Vote-by-Mail

  Madam President, on mail-in voting, Donald Trump's assault on free 
and fair elections is relentless, but so is our effort to stop him. 
Last night, in a lawsuit I brought with other Democrats, a second 
Federal judge blocked Trump's attack on mail-in voting. When even a 
conservative, Trump-appointed judge rejects this brazen scheme to 
disenfranchise millions of voters, you know just how absurd it would be 
for the Supreme Court to allow it to continue.
  Trump doesn't get to rewrite the rules of our elections to tip the 
scales in his favor just because he is terrified of the voters. He 
knows the doom he will face in the upcoming elections.
  We have blocked Trump's illegal efforts to interfere with mail-in 
voting for now, but the Supreme Court ought to bury it once and for 
all. Trump can keep trying to float these desperate attempts to disrupt 
our elections in the eleventh hour all he wants. We are going to swat 
them down every time. And if a rightwing, Trump-appointed judge stops 
Trump from this awful scheme, how can the Supreme Court overrule her 
and go along?


                             Affordability

  Madam President, on affordability, prices are up everywhere Americans 
look. Donald Trump keeps trying to point fingers as if Americans can't 
see the truth right in front of them: He is the one driving up their 
costs.
  Does Trump think anyone will believe his lie that somehow Ukraine is 
responsible for diesel prices just hitting a record high? Give me a 
break. Everyone knows it is Trump and his disastrous war with Iran that 
are driving up prices at the pump. Trump himself has said it. Trump 
just called his war with Iran and its massive cost to the American 
people ``small potatoes.'' He said that gas prices will plummet as soon 
as his war ends.
  Well, we are waiting, Mr. President. If gas prices will plunge when 
the war ends, end it. Americans are sick of shelling out $4.31 for a 
gallon of gasoline and watching inflation spike just so you can send 
troops into harm's way.
  No scapegoat could ever make Americans forget just how much of a 
disaster Trump has been for the economy.
  I yield the floor.
  I suggest the absence of a quorum.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The clerk will call the roll.
  The senior assistant bill clerk proceeded to call the roll.
  Mr. PADILLA. Madam President, I ask unanimous consent that the order 
for the quorum call be rescinded.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without objection, it is so ordered.


                        Whistleblower Disclosure

  Mr. PADILLA. Madam President, as our colleagues know, I serve as 
ranking member of the Rules Committee, which oversees Federal 
elections. I also serve on the Judiciary Subcommittee on Border 
Security and Immigration. And

[[Page S4642]]

I reference this because last week, I received a protected disclosure 
from an anonymous Federal whistleblower.
  At a time when many Americans feel discouraged by the Trump 
administration's unprecedented chaos and corruption, it is heartening 
to see a Federal Government employee with the integrity and the courage 
to expose potential illegal activity and abuse of power.
  Today, Leader Schumer and I made the full disclosure public, and I am 
going to go over some of these highlights, which are incredibly 
disturbing. They are disturbing to me, and I think they should be 
disturbing to every Member of this Chamber.
  First, leadership at the Department of Homeland Security and the U.S. 
Citizenship and Immigration Services has ordered hundreds of employees 
in USCIS's Fraud Detection and National Security Division to stop doing 
the jobs they were hired and trained to do and instead watch a short 
training video and immediately turn their time and attention to 
something called the Unlawful Voter Initiative. They were directed to 
stop their anti-fraud work. This administration makes a lot of claims 
about going after fraud. They were directed to stop their national 
security screenings. They were directed to stop all the things that 
this administration claims it cares about and instead go on a wild 
goose chase to find or manufacture evidence for the President's 
conspiracy theories of widespread voter fraud.
  This, without question, is a terrible waste and misuse of Agency 
resources, but colleagues, it is actually so much more worse than that. 
The whistleblower disclosure also includes compelling claims that USCIS 
officers are being directed to lie and to misrepresent themselves in 
order to search voters' sensitive personal information on State 
election officials' websites. Let me say that again. Federal officers 
are being told by headquarters to lie or to misrepresent themselves in 
order to access State voter data. It is a clear violation of State 
laws, and these violations have likely occurred thousands and thousands 
of times.
  On some State websites, officers are being told to attest under 
penalty of law that they are the voter or the voter's representative.
  On other websites, like the one of my home State of California, 
officers are being told to misrepresent themselves and enter voters' 
sensitive information like Social Security or driver's license numbers.
  When USCIS officers expressed concerns with these practices, they 
have been told by Agency leadership to just go ahead, that they won't 
be ``personally liable.'' Think about that for a second. If what the 
Department is doing and if what these officers are being told to do was 
legal, it begs the question of, why would they need to be reassured by 
Agency lawyers that they won't be held personally liable?
  The whistleblower disclosure also reveals that DHS is using their own 
unreliable data to target people for investigation. That is right--data 
that the Department and Agencies already acknowledge is unreliable. 
Agency leadership is then forcing USCIS officers to create Federal law 
enforcement records against people, many of them U.S. citizens, even 
though they have doubts about the accuracy of the data.
  So let's take a step back. Why are they doing this? Well, the Trump 
administration has tried and failed to force States to hand over these 
voter rolls. President Trump tried it in his first term through a sham 
Commission which failed and then weaponized the Federal Government to 
try to accomplish it here in his second term. But guess what. They have 
been taken to court, and they have lost in court over 30 times. States 
represented by Democrats and Republicans have said no, so the 
proverbial front door is locked.
  As much as Trump wants access to voter data, the front door is 
locked, and now they are trying to break in a back door. They are using 
something called supplemental magic. That is right--in the materials 
that have been uncovered, they are using this supplemental magic to 
create a list of people that they think are not eligible to vote. 
Remember, the Agency has already said they know the data is unreliable.
  So, frankly, this disclosure raises a lot of questions. Why is this 
initiative happening now? Who are the potentially hundreds of thousands 
of people being investigated? Who are they? And what the heck is 
supplemental magic? We need answers. This Senate--Congress--deserves 
answers. The American people deserve answers.
  Agency training materials for this initiative say that ``raw data 
includes a lot of U.S. citizens.'' Let me repeat that. The training 
materials acknowledge that the data includes ``a lot of U.S. 
citizens.'' So why would you target them when you are looking for 
noncitizen voters?
  DHS and USCIS also admit that their data is unreliable, complex, and 
will have multiple ID numbers for various individuals. Nevertheless, 
officers are told to generate Federal law enforcement records against 
them, even if they suspect that they are relying on inaccurate or 
incomplete information.
  It is already clear that this Unlawful Voter Initiative is 
inaccurate, not to mention likely illegal, but to make matters worse, 
it has also been rushed, and it is reckless because rank-and-file USCIS 
officers are given reckless quotas to review 40 people per day. Do the 
math. That is five people per hour or 12 minutes per individual.
  Colleagues, you know as well as I that 12 minutes to review 
unreliable data and complex immigration history is not an adequate 
amount of time to conduct a thorough investigation--because these 
aren't that; these are sham investigations.
  We all know that voting by a noncitizen is illegal. That is already 
the law. You know that. I know that. We also know that based on study 
after study, report after report, audit after audit, it is extremely, 
extremely rare. Our current safeguards are working.
  This Unlawful Voter Initiative does not appear to be a legitimate 
effort, and we should not take anything that comes out of it at face 
value.
  Just 12 minutes for an investigation, a lot of U.S. citizens, the 
unreliable magic data, and potentially thousands of violations of State 
and Federal privacy laws--saying that this is dangerous for our 
democracy is a huge understatement.
  This is more than a reckless attempt to prove Donald Trump's 
election-denial talking points, like the ones he used in the White 
House speech this past July. Diversion of Federal law enforcement to 
break laws for political purposes is a clear abuse of power, and there 
is a very real danger that thousands of naturalized U.S. citizens and 
legal residents will potentially face negative consequences because of 
this sham investigation.
  This isn't just about voting; this could lead to unwarranted 
secondary screening at airports, consequences for immigration benefits, 
referrals to HSI or the FBI for criminal investigation, and no clear 
recourse to undo the consequences of an erroneous Federal law 
enforcement record being created after a quick 12-minute review.
  There is also the danger that Donald Trump will use false numbers of 
supposed votes cast by noncitizens to threaten to prosecute State and 
elections officials that he doesn't like. The President and his allies 
could even try using the unreliable results of this Unlawful Voter 
Initiative to undermine and challenge election results themselves.
  That is right--January 6 was not the end of this.
  So, today, Senator Schumer and I sent this whistleblower's disclosure 
regarding the so-called Unlawful Voter Initiative to Secretary Mullin 
and USCIS Director Edlow. We are demanding an immediate halt to these 
activities. We are demanding transparency from DHS. We are demanding 
the removal of unreliable law enforcement records, many of which are 
against U.S. citizens.
  We will have more to say about this in the coming days.
  I would remind the Department and USCIS that whistleblowers to 
Congress are protected by Federal law. Let me repeat: Whistleblowers to 
Congress are protected by Federal law.
  This individual will remain anonymous, and any attempt at retaliation 
is illegal and wrong.
  I yield the floor.
  I suggest the absence of a quorum.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The clerk will call the roll.
  The bill clerk proceeded to call the roll.
  Mr. MURPHY. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that the quorum 
call be rescinded.

[[Page S4643]]

  The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. Boozman). Without objection, it is so 
ordered.


                      Wedding of Donald Trump, Jr.

  Mr. MURPHY. Colleagues, the story broke today that the Trump family 
has confirmed that a Russian oligarch, a close ally of Vladimir Putin--
a man whose fortune was gifted to him by Putin--paid for the private 
island wedding of the President of the United States' son.
  I am here on the floor because I am scared to death that this is all 
going to start just feeling normal. Let me say it again. A Russian 
oligarch, a close ally of our enemy Vladimir Putin, a man whose fortune 
was gifted to him by Vladimir Putin, paid for--secretly--the private 
island wedding of the President of the United States' son.
  The President's son Donald Trump, Jr., tried to hide this fact. He 
posted pictures of his wedding celebration online. There was a public 
conversation about whether the President was going to attend or not. 
But the President's son made no mention that the whole thing, worth 
hundreds of thousands of dollars, a private island, was bankrolled by 
the Russians.
  In fact, the only face of the 50 guests that is hidden in the group 
photo that you can look at right now online, the only person's face 
that is hidden, is the oligarch. But he is there because he secretly 
paid for the celebration.
  The Russians paid for the private island. The Russians paid for the 
fireworks show. The President's son even put this oligarch in charge of 
planning the logistics. This was a Russian party, organized and paid 
for by someone in Vladimir Putin's inner circle.
  This has never happened before in the history of the United States of 
America. Never before has a foreign enemy of the United States paid for 
the family wedding of the President. Why? Because it is naked 
corruption, in plain view. It is as close to treason as you get, 
accepting lavish gifts, millions of dollars in gifts perhaps, from the 
enemy of this Nation.
  Let us spend a minute on this oligarch. We just learned this today, 
so forgive me if we have scant details. I think we are going to find 
out a lot more about this guy in the coming days and weeks. But his 
name is Umar Kremlev. He is a convicted criminal. He runs a boxing 
company that is funded by Putin. More specifically, by Gazprom, Putin's 
state-run gas company.
  He is not just some ordinary oligarch. He is one of Putin's 
favorites. In addition to running this boxing association, he runs the 
Russian lottery. He has a monopoly on Russian sports betting.
  Shortly before financing and attending the Trump wedding, Kremlev and 
Putin were together in China. Putin brought him on a really important 
state visit to China. Putin has given Kremlev the highest Kremlin 
honor, The Order of Friendship. The Ukrainian government has sanctioned 
Kremlev because he is part of Putin's inner circle. All of Kremlev's 
money is Putin's money. He operates as an arm of Putin, as do all the 
Putin-made oligarchs.
  Before today's disclosure of his secret financing of the Trump 
wedding, there was no record of Donald Trump, Jr., and Kremlev being 
great best buddies because they aren't. It appears that they just 
recently met. And shortly after meeting, this close ally of Vladimir 
Putin offered to pay for Donald Trump, Jr.'s wedding.
  Here's what Eric Trump said today, when a reporter asks his office 
about Umar Kremlev, this close friend of Donald Trump, Jr.'s.

       Eric has absolutely no clue who this person is, nor has [he 
     ever] heard his name.

  This is Eric Trump, Donald Trump, Jr.'s brother, his business 
partner, has never heard the name of the close associate, the close 
friend of Donald Trump, Jr.'s who paid for his entire wedding. Why? 
Because they are not friends. This is a business between the Trump 
family and the Russian Government.
  This all fits two patterns. The first is the Trump family's reliance 
on Russian support for their business empire. Donald Trump, Jr., said 
this, prior to when his father became President. He is talking about 
his family's business.

       In terms of high-end product influx into the United States, 
     Russians make up a pretty disproportionate cross-section of a 
     lot of our assets; say in Dubai, and certainly with our 
     project in SoHo and anywhere in New York. We see a lot of 
     money pouring in from Russia.

  More recently, those who have looked at the individuals who are 
buying Trump's cryptocurrency have noted that there is evidence that 
the Trump family's cryptocurrency is backed perhaps heavily by Russian 
buyers.
  But the second and more significant pattern is this: Trump's sons, 
particularly Donald Junior, just brazenly profit off of their access to 
the White House. Donald Junior, he just basically stuffs money into his 
pockets from anybody who wants a favor from his father, and he just 
gobbles up government contracts as fast as he can.
  Don Junior's net worth was $50 million before his father's second 
term.
  In the first year that Trump was President, in his second term, Don 
Junior's net worth didn't double; it didn't triple; it didn't 
quadruple; it grew by six times in one year--$50 million. A year later, 
$300 million.
  At least 13 companies tied to the Trump brothers have captured $1.8 
billion in long-term Federal contracts and commitments and $103 million 
in direct cash from the Trump administration. Five of those companies 
got their first government contracts ever after the Trump sons 
invested. That is corruption. It doesn't matter whether this is a 
Republican administration or a Democratic administration.
  Now, you could be offended at all of that, but you might say: Well, 
this isn't that. This isn't Trump Junior taking money from the 
taxpayers. This is just his taking money from the Russians. Isn't that 
better than his taking money from taxpayers?
  Of course, it isn't because Putin doesn't pay for a wedding just to 
be nice. This is an arrangement in plain sight.
  Donald Trump has done a 180-degree turn in U.S. policy on the Russia-
Ukraine war. He has cut off funding from Ukraine. Even after we 
appropriate money, he refuses to spend it, which is illegal. As 
recently as this weekend, he said publicly that it is Ukraine's fault 
that the war continues, not Russia's. In addition, Trump has suspended 
sanctions on the export of Russian oil and gas, which, by the way, 
specifically helps Gazprom, the company that funds Kremlev. Trump has 
become one of Putin's most important allies.
  And so, like everything else in Trump's corrupt world in his second 
term, it just becomes this mutually beneficial deal. Trump withholds 
support for Ukraine and pads the pocket of the Russian Government with 
sanctions relief, and the Russians funnel money to the family.
  Doesn't everybody see this? Shouldn't everyone here be outraged today 
that the President of the United States' son just had his wedding--his 
multimillion-dollar wedding--paid for by the Russians, and he admits 
it?
  I know that there are a lot of Republicans in the Senate who are 
aghast at what Trump has done to abandon Ukraine, and I know there are 
a lot of Republicans here who are furious at this spiraling corruption. 
I don't know that there is a single Member of this body, Republican or 
Democrat, who would go on TV tonight and defend the Russian 
Government's paying for the Trump family's private island wedding.
  But at some point, there just has to be a bottom that the U.S. Senate 
unanimously recognizes. Does any Republican here think that you would 
say nothing if Hunter Biden's wedding or Malia Obama's graduation party 
were financed by Iranian allies of the Ayatollah? You guys would shut 
this place down if that were to happen.
  And, of course, you can't even imagine that happening under a 
different administration because, despite all the histrionics over the 
``Biden Crime Family,'' never before in the history of this country 
have we had a White House where the financing of a family wedding by a 
foreign adversary would pass as a minor scandal that barely makes the 
front pages.
  Just because the corruption happens so routinely that, to some, it 
feels normal doesn't mean that it is. If we don't, on a bipartisan 
basis here in the Senate, draw a line in the sand soon, it will be the 
end of our Republic. It just will be.
  I yield the floor.
  I suggest the absence of a quorum.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The clerk will call the roll.

[[Page S4644]]

  The senior assistant legislative clerk proceeded to call the roll.
  Ms. CANTWELL. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that the order 
for the quorum call be rescinded.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without objection, it is so ordered.


                        Artificial Intelligence

  Ms. CANTWELL. Mr. President, I rise today to speak about AI safety, a 
topic that is getting a lot of attention. But, in particular, I want to 
talk about something that may be overlooked.
  As you know, we have seen several incidents of AI agents escaping 
confinement and hacking other systems recently. Most people--experts--
tend to attribute this to frontier AI models becoming too powerful. 
They warn of a process leading to superintelligence known as recursive 
self-improvement. This is where AI models finally become smart enough 
to start building better versions of themselves, and then these better 
versions of themselves will be able to build even better versions of 
themselves.
  And the warning we are hearing from so many at this time is that we 
need to prepare for that rapid increase in the capability of the 
frontier models.
  We are hearing that artificial superintelligence is coming, and this 
deep concern about the rapidly emerging artificial superintelligence is 
certainly well founded. But the capacity--even the advanced 
supercapability of any given model--is not the whole story. This isn't 
the only risk we face.
  I want to call our attention to one specific aspect of the recent 
security incidents that have so alarmed experts and the general public 
alike. These attacks were carried out by AI agents networking with each 
other and working together in surprising ways to cause mayhem.
  The AI agents most of us are aware of are autonomous or 
semiautonomous AI applications that can plan and execute a task. Agents 
are able to act on their own initiative with minimal human supervision. 
And when agents communicate with each other over a network, whether 
that is in a factory laboratory or on the open internet, those so-
called swarms of agents have shown the ability to spontaneously self-
organize and work toward common goals. And when they do, they become 
surprisingly powerful.
  It appears something like Metcalfe's law may apply. Internet engineer 
Bob Metcalfe famously observed that when a network grows in a linear 
fashion, its value grows exponentially.
  This phenomenon that powered the rapid growth of the internet--and I 
witnessed firsthand, in my days in the private sector--we now see how 
this extreme, powerful phenomenon might also apply to large groups of 
agents networking with each other, self-organizing and working 
together.
  In recent examples, agent swarms have used this new form of power to 
gain unauthorized access into computer systems while skillfully evading 
detection.
  Here is an illustration of how this works. Imagine 10,000 highly 
intelligent AI agents all working to solve a difficult, 10-step hacking 
challenge. Well, that is interesting, and some of them might also crack 
the code. But if each of these 10,000 agents takes its own approach to 
solving the problem, that is 10,000 possible solutions being tried at 
once. The first agent that figures out step No. 1 alerts all the other 
agents in the system about the solution, and now an entire swarm of 
agents stops working on step 1 and gets to work on step 2--again, each 
of their own individual approach, one of which is going to work. Repeat 
this until the entire group has raced all the way through to step 10, 
and then they are using what they learned to attack their targets.
  This is what we are up against today, even before the next generation 
of highly intelligent models arrives.
  Now, imagine yourself in a job, trying to manage 10,000 networked 
agents, perhaps as an experiment or perhaps you are going to use this 
power to accomplish a noble goal, such as finding a cure for a disease. 
It is your job to make sure that they aren't doing anything that you 
don't want them to do.
  So these agents--networking of agents--are extremely well informed. 
They operate at the speed of light. And, as we are learning, they are 
also capable of creating their own goals, and they are highly capable 
of deception.
  There are literally hundreds of billions of lines of communication 
for them and between them to monitor. This is exactly what frontier 
labs have been contending with.
  Unlike powerful AI models designed to serve individual users 
individually, one at a time, which is the AI safety scenario I think 
most people still have in their minds, this situation with agents 
swarming is more difficult to manage, and it is far more dangerous.
  And we are hearing about this from leaders throughout the industry 
right now. They are all speaking out, and several recently published 
lengthy formal statements on this subject. I think it serves us well to 
hear what they have said.
  In the August 26 essay entitled ``The turbulent AI era is here. The 
choices we make now are critical,'' Bill Gates stated:

       The technology is improving faster than anyone expected and 
     in surprising ways, and as the models become more powerful, 
     they could begin to act against our interests and we could 
     lose control.

  When asked about the infamous AI Hugging Face incident, where 
swarming of rogue agents from one company hacked their way into 
another, Gates stated bluntly:

       These security incidents are shocking, and they should blow 
     people's minds.

  The CEO of Anthropic, Dario Amodei, also issued a lengthy statement 
on this subject entitled ``We Must Pace the Frontier.'' In it, he 
expressed his concerns about ``the OpenAI-Hugging Face incident''--
these were his words--``in which a swarm of agents essentially acted as 
a fanatically devoted collective, conducting cybersecurity attacks on 
targets they were not asked to attack and that were unrelated to the 
task at hand, sacrificing themselves for the success of the group, and 
attempting to hack into the `grader' responsible for evaluating their 
performance.''
  Well, he went on to elaborate:

       It's easy to dismiss this incident because no one was hurt 
     and the economic damage was minimal, but in my opinion, a 
     swarm that possessed greater capabilities but a similar level 
     of misalignment could have caused catastrophic damage.

  He goes on to say:

       Given the accelerating rate of AI capability . . . it's my 
     worry that in 6-12 months such a swarm could be capable of 
     taking over the entire internet with a persistent botnet 
     (potentially causing . . . billions of dollars in damage), 
     and that the scale of damage would continue to increase from 
     there if AI becomes more powerful without the necessary 
     guardrails.

  So, on August 7, after the Hugging Face incident was first revealed, 
Sam Altman, the CEO of OpenAI, spoke about the company's upcoming 
release, known as Astra. He claimed that it attained what OpenAI called 
critical cyber security threshold. Well, he said:

       Under our Preparedness Framework, a model reaches this 
     Critical cybersecurity threshold if it can identify and 
     develop functional zero-day exploits of all security levels 
     in many hardened real-world critical systems without human 
     intervention, or can devise and execute end-to-end novel 
     strategies for cyberattacks against hardened targets given 
     only a high level desired goal.

  Well, nevertheless, on September 3, OpenAI released Astra with the 
addition of certain security guardrails.
  Then, in response to Dario's essay calling for extreme caution and a 
slowdown, he tweeted: ``I agree with Dario.''
  So the problem here is we have a bunch of people within the industry 
calling out what are these technology developments, but we--we--need to 
do something about this. We need to be better informed. We need to do 
more.
  Three years ago, we had a chance to get ahead of this issue. In 2024, 
when I chaired the Senate Commerce Committee, we passed the Future of 
Artificial Intelligence Innovation Act, which would have given the 
Federal Government the ability to work with industry to independently 
test most advanced AI systems for serious national security risk.
  Now, some of these risks may not have been apparent in the last 2 
years, but we would have stood up the muscle of our organization at the 
Federal level to better detect risks like cyber attacks; risks like 
chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear weapons; or threats to 
our current infrastructure and our energy systems.
  And we also passed Senators Lujan and Blackburn's TEST AI Act, which

[[Page S4645]]

would have improved the ability of the Department of Energy to test AI 
systems for national security issues.
  Senators Hickenlooper and Capito's VET Artificial Intelligence Act 
would have established standards so that third-party auditors could 
test AI systems for safety and security--the very thing that the 
Anthropic CEO just called out over the weekend.
  So at a time when we still had a window to get ahead of these 
dangers, the Federal Government and the people here were denying this 
opportunity, particularly my colleagues on the other side of the aisle. 
If we had passed these bills, we would have been more ahead of the game 
than we are today. Instead, we have lost 3 years.
  The technology keeps advancing. The risks keep growing. And now the 
very dangers we have warned about--autonomous cyber attacks and 
biological weapons--are no longer theoretical.
  It is time that we act and act aggressively. We must keep in mind 
that these AI models consistently lag about only 7 months, and the most 
powerful open models continue to come from China. So it is time for my 
colleagues to come together to act.
  We know that these threats are real--cyber security, misinformation--
building on these AI agents that could be used in military 
applications. We need our colleagues to say ``Stop saying the industry 
can do what it wants'' and put together the infrastructure at the 
Federal level that not only has strong Federal standards but also has 
independent testing and real safeguards for the American people.
  Now is the time to act.
  I yield the floor.
  I suggest the absence of a quorum.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. Banks). The clerk will call the roll.
  The senior assistant bill clerk proceeded to call the roll.
  Mr. TUBERVILLE. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that the order 
for the quorum call be rescinded.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without objection, it is so ordered.


                             Cloture Motion

  The PRESIDING OFFICER. Pursuant to rule XXII, the Chair lays before 
the Senate the pending cloture motion, which the clerk will state.
  The senior assistant bill clerk read as follows:

                             Cloture Motion

       We, the undersigned Senators, in accordance with the 
     provisions of rule XXII of the Standing Rules of the Senate, 
     do hereby move to bring to a close debate on the nomination 
     of Executive Calendar No. 902, Matthew R. Byrne, of Ohio, to 
     be United States District Judge for the Southern District of 
     Ohio.
         John Thune, Tim Sheehy, John Barrasso, Pete Ricketts, 
           Thom Tillis, Rick Scott of Florida, John Cornyn, Steve 
           Daines, Bernie Moreno, John R. Curtis, Chuck Grassley, 
           Ashley B. Moody, Jim Banks, Mike Crapo, James Lankford, 
           Kevin Cramer, Mike Rounds.

  The PRESIDING OFFICER. Under the previous order, the mandatory quorum 
call under rule XXII has been waived.
  The question is, Is it the sense of the Senate that debate on the 
nomination of Matthew R. Byrne, of Ohio, to be United States District 
Judge for the Southern District of Ohio, shall be brought to a close?
  The yeas and nays are mandatory under the rule.
  The clerk will call the roll.
  The legislative clerk called the roll.
  Mr. BARRASSO. The following Senators are necessarily absent: the 
Senator from North Dakota (Mr. Cramer), the Senator from Kansas (Mr. 
Marshall), the Senator from Alaska (Ms. Murkowski), the Senator from 
Idaho (Mr. Risch), the Senator from Missouri (Mr. Schmitt), and the 
Senator from North Carolina (Mr. Tillis).
  Mr. DURBIN. I announce that the Senator from Delaware (Mr. Coons) is 
necessarily absent.
  The yeas and nays resulted--yeas 47, nays 46, as follows:

                      [Rollcall vote No. 232 Ex.]

                                YEAS--47

     Armstrong
     Banks
     Barrasso
     Blackburn
     Boozman
     Britt
     Budd
     Capito
     Cassidy
     Collins
     Cornyn
     Cotton
     Crapo
     Cruz
     Curtis
     Daines
     Ernst
     Fischer
     Graham
     Grassley
     Hagerty
     Hawley
     Hoeven
     Husted
     Hyde-Smith
     Johnson
     Justice
     Kennedy
     Lankford
     Lee
     Lummis
     McConnell
     McCormick
     Moody
     Moran
     Moreno
     Paul
     Ricketts
     Rounds
     Scott (FL)
     Scott (SC)
     Sheehy
     Sullivan
     Thune
     Tuberville
     Wicker
     Young

                                NAYS--46

     Alsobrooks
     Baldwin
     Bennet
     Blumenthal
     Blunt Rochester
     Booker
     Cantwell
     Cortez Masto
     Duckworth
     Durbin
     Fetterman
     Gallego
     Gillibrand
     Hassan
     Heinrich
     Hickenlooper
     Hirono
     Kaine
     Kelly
     Kim
     King
     Klobuchar
     Lujan
     Markey
     Merkley
     Murphy
     Murray
     Ossoff
     Padilla
     Peters
     Reed
     Rosen
     Sanders
     Schatz
     Schiff
     Schumer
     Shaheen
     Slotkin
     Smith
     Van Hollen
     Warner
     Warnock
     Warren
     Welch
     Whitehouse
     Wyden

                             NOT VOTING--7

     Coons
     Cramer
     Marshall
     Murkowski
     Risch
     Schmitt
     Tillis
  The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. Ricketts). On this vote, the yeas are 47, 
the nays are 46. The motion is agreed to.
  The motion was agreed to.

                          ____________________