[Congressional Record Volume 172, Number 130 (Friday, August 7, 2026)]
[Senate]
[Pages S4534-S4538]
From the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]



                            Russia Sanctions

  Mr. WYDEN. Mr. President, I fully support taking tougher action 
against Russia. They have waged a deadly, years long war on Ukraine, 
and the United States must do more to tighten the screws on the Putin 
war machine.
  So I am fully in favor of strong sanctions, but this bill, despite 
its title, is not just a sanctions bill; it gives Donald Trump massive 
new tariff authority that he will use to threaten our trading partners 
and raise prices on the American people. I believe Senators will come 
to deeply regret voting to give Donald Trump this tariff authority. 
This bill gives Trump so much discretion that he can ultimately decide 
what countries to tariff or what countries to exempt. He can modify 
tariffs at his will.
  Over the last year and a half, Americans have seen what Donald Trump 
will do with unchecked tariff authority. They have seen his tariffs 
raise prices for Americans and their families on everything from food, 
to housing, to health care. Americans have seen small businesses and 
family farms shut down because they cannot afford massive new taxes on 
machinery and merchandise.

  The Trump tariffs go on again and off again, disrupting supply chains 
and making it difficult for businesses to plan, invest, and hire. Our 
allies, including Canada and the EU, openly question the reliability of 
our nation and are looking to other countries for more stable trade 
relationships.
  As Trump turns the tariff dial up and down to punish or reward 
countries as he likes, the process ends up being a corrupt taxing of 
the American people to settle Trump's personal political scores.
  If Congress passes this bill with these tariffs, Members will be 
condoning the tariff chaos of the last year and a half and inviting 
more. This bill gives Trump clear authority to put tariffs up to 100 
percent on the goods Americans buy from major trading partners around 
the globe. That includes 100 percent tariffs on things like food, 
medicine, machinery, and electronics.
  Congress would even be letting Trump put tariffs on allies like 
Hungary, Slovakia, France, Belgium, and Japan. Donald Trump can pick 
and choose even more countries to tariff every 180 days. That is 
because there is no mechanism in this bill--none whatsoever--for 
Congress to roll back the Trump tariffs. Trump can increase or decrease 
tariffs just by notifying the Congress of his decision. He is not going 
to be constrained by any kind of paperwork or rules.
  Colleagues, this body has been fighting tooth and nail to stop Trump 
from abusing the laws already on the books. Trump has shown us 
repeatedly he won't be limited by the spirit of the law. He will use 
any loophole to slap tariffs on our allies and make life more expensive 
for Americans. The Trump tariffs are now raising prices, hurting our 
alliances, and opening the door to corruption. This bill will further 
increase the cost of living for American families when they are 
struggling.
  To all of my colleagues who have said ``Look, we want to hold down 
the cost of living; we want to make life more affordable'': this is not 
going to do that. This is going to increase the cost of living for 
Americans as we go into the next few months. It would be a nightmare 
for the Americans who want to see their government tackle the 
affordability crisis. It would be a dangerous mistake to sign our names 
on a blank check that gives Trump even more power to indiscriminately 
use these tariffs.
  So I urge my colleagues this morning to support the Paul-Wyden 
amendment, which would strike this new tariff authority. It would make 
sure that we are not giving Trump power to tax our constituents for the 
things they buy from trading partners around the world. There is no 
need to include this new tariff in the bill, and the fact that the 
White House won't support the bill without new tariff powers should 
scare every Senator in this room.
  Trump has shown over the last year and a half that he can't be 
trusted with unilateral power on tariffs. Everything he has done 
suggests that he is going to abuse this power, and I urge my colleagues 
this morning to vote yes on the Paul-Wyden amendment to prevent this 
body from handing Donald Trump a new tool for inflation and corruption.
  I yield the floor.
  The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Senator from Kentucky.
  Mr. PAUL. Mr. President, increasing taxes on Americans will not end 
Putin's war in Ukraine. The drafters of this legislation, 
understandably, wish to punish Vladimir Putin and send Russian invaders 
back to where they came from, but this bill was written such that the 
drafters fail to see that it will not bring peace to Ukraine but rather 
will deliberately make American families poorer by increasing tariffs, 
which are nothing but a tax on imported goods.
  To save Americans from what very well could be the largest tax 
increase imposed by a Republican Congress, I offer an amendment that 
strikes the authority to impose tariffs of up to 100 percent on an 
ever-changing list of countries. Mark my words, this will be the 
largest tax increase by a Republican Congress.
  Why would Republicans, who promise you they want to lower your taxes, 
be voting to raise your taxes $500 billion?
  In addition, Congress should not delegate its constitutional duties 
to the executive branch.
  Now, my amendment does not touch the broad sanctions that are 
provided by the bill, nor does it touch the specific tariffs on Russia 
because I see the strong desire among Members of the Senate to use 
economic warfare against Putin. But I object to economic warfare 
against the American consumer.
  Once upon a time, Republicans were distinguished from Democrats by 
their persistent chant that the U.S. deficit was the result of a 
spending problem, not a revenue problem. Yet today, many Republicans 
have become the cheerleaders for more revenue.
  The bill before us grants the executive branch the power to raise 
nearly $500 billion in revenue--in taxes. I hope I am not the only 
Republican left in Congress who is horrified by a bill that proposes to 
raise taxes a half a trillion dollars.
  In addition, there is the constitutional question: Can Congress 
delegate its article I, section 8 authority to lay taxes and levies--
can they just give it away to the executive branch?
  For 100 years or more, the Supreme Court has said we can't give away 
our power. And in what world would we want to give away our power? The 
power to tax and spend was given to Congress. Why would they give that 
to the President? What sort of feckless Congress gives away their 
constitutional power?

[[Page S4535]]

  The power was divided for a reason. Montesquieu said if you bring the 
legislative powers together with the executive, you will have no 
liberty. The powers were divided between the legislature and the 
executive so we could fight for liberty, so it would make it hard to 
raise taxes.
  The answer to ``Can Congress give away its power?'' is an unequivocal 
``no.'' Embedded within our Constitution is something called the 
nondelegation principle, which states that Congress cannot delegate its 
core legislative powers to another branch of government or to private 
entities. The Supreme Court used to enforce this nondelegation 
doctrine, most notably in the Schechter Poultry case, but that case was 
decided in 1935; and for much of the intervening years, the Supreme 
Court has been a reliable ally to lazy legislators.
  Up until recently, the Supreme Court effectively relieved Congress 
from the hard work of legislating, but the tide is turning, frankly, 
with the help of several of President Trump's nominees. Justice Gorsuch 
forcefully made the case for reviving the nondelegation principle by 
arguing that if Congress ``could pass off its legislative power to the 
executive branch . . . legislation would risk becoming nothing more 
than the will of the current President.''
  The problem with this legislation is that it disobeys the clear 
command of the Constitution: Taxes and levies must be determined by 
Congress. Moreover, taxation bills must originate in the House of 
Representatives.
  Do not let sympathy for Ukraine blind you to the reality of tariffs. 
Tariffs are taxes on imports that are paid by Americans. They are paid 
by parents trying to provide for their families. They are paid by 
students saving up to buy their first car. Tariffs are paid by anyone 
who seeks to spend money on any conceivable product.
  There will be those who will try to pull the wool over your eyes and 
tell you that despite this persistent sticker shock, despite the 
feeling that life just keeps getting more and more expensive, that 
tariffs are always paid by somebody else, by some foreign country. The 
Members who vote for this tax will tell you: Not to worry--these taxes 
will only be levied on foreign countries.
  This absurd claim is provably false. Figuring out who pays tariffs is 
easy. All you have to do is look at those who are getting refunds. When 
the Supreme Court struck down the tariffs, a whole bunch of people 
lined up for refunds. Who is not on the list? The Chinese Government is 
not on the list. Canada is not on the list. Mexico is not on the list. 
American companies are getting the refunds because Americans pay 
tariffs.
  And do you think the company pays the tariffs? No. They pass it along 
to the consumer. You are all paying higher prices. Every time you get 
something through retail, you are paying higher prices.
  The entities that lined up for the rebates after the Supreme Court 
struck down the emergency tariffs were primarily American retailers 
such as Walmart, Target, Costco, and Nike.
  Let me repeat: China is not on the refund list because China doesn't 
pay the tariffs. American importers and retailers pay the tariffs, and 
they pass the cost of the tariffs on to the consumer.
  You don't have to take my word for it. A letter was sent to the 
Senate Republican and Democrat leaders by two dozen industry 
associations, including the Chamber of Commerce, the Consumer 
Technology Association, and the National Retail Association, warning 
about the cost of tariffs imposed by this bill.
  Here are some quotes from industry concerned about these new taxes:

       [T]he potential of new, broad, 100% tariffs on imports from 
     secondary countries risks raising costs for American 
     businesses, workers, and consumers.
       That approach would effectively tax U.S. importers and 
     consumers for foreign governments' energy decisions--conduct 
     that is outside the control of American companies.

  They further say:

       Tariffs of this scale would increase costs for everyday 
     consumer goods, manufacturing inputs and other products while 
     creating significant uncertainty for companies making 
     sourcing, pricing and inventory decisions months in advance.
       It could also lead to retaliatory tariffs against U.S. 
     exports.

  So it doesn't necessarily help exports to tax imports because the 
other countries then will tax our exports.
  They say:

       Tariffs . . . are a blunt tool that can penalize law-
     abiding U.S. companies importing legitimate goods, invite 
     retaliation, complicate trade negotiations and shift costs 
     onto American families without ensuring that pressure reaches 
     the intended actors.

  These two dozen associations end their letter by saying:

       We urge Congress to remove the tariff authority from the 
     bill and instead focus on targeted sanctions, stronger 
     enforcement against sanctions evasion and coordinated 
     diplomacy with countries purchasing Russian energy.

  Anybody concerned with the economic well-being of American families 
would come to the same conclusion, but it is not easy to find such 
common sense in Congress.
  Imposing a 100-percent tariff on all goods imported from countries 
like China and India is the economic equivalent of shooting ourselves 
in the foot.
  Middle- and low-income Americans enjoy a higher quality of life when 
they have more purchasing power for everyday necessities. Recent 
tariffs are estimated to have already cost the average American family 
$1,700, so the average American family is already paying $1,700 more 
because of these taxes that are placed on the things they buy.
  Now this Republican Congress, after it just gave the American people 
tax cuts, is going to do the opposite. Which is it? Are we the party of 
lower taxes or higher taxes? This will be the largest tax increase in 
recent history, perhaps the largest tax increase that a Republican 
Congress has put onto the people.
  What are we going to say to the parents buying their kids new shoes 
for the school year, the minimum-wage worker who needs to buy a new 
part to fix their car to get to work, or the single mother buying 
diapers when they notice their prices have doubled?
  The cost of the tariffs is not strictly monetary; these tariffs 
threaten to undermine America's strategic position in the world. Some 
naively think that the tariffs will get China to distance itself from 
Russia, but it might be the opposite. Recent history suggests that they 
will instead push Russia and China together. China is not going to get 
these 100-percent tariffs and say: Oh, we are sorry. We are no longer 
going to cooperate with Russia. We have kind of forced Russia to give 
us this great deal on oil and gas that we pipe into our country, but we 
are sorry now, and we are going to give up on that.

  No. It is going to push them closer together. The people we are 
worried about are going to become more allied.
  Slapping a 100-percent tariff on China may inadvertently solidify the 
geopolitical alignment with Russia, as Beijing would become more, not 
less, reliant on Moscow for economic and diplomatic support.
  Ryan Young is a senior economist with the Competitive Enterprise 
Institute. He points out that Russia is the junior partner in the 
alliance with China. Young reminds us that China agreed to a second 
natural gas pipeline between the two countries on the condition that 
Russia sell China its gas at a lower than market rate. Do you think 
China is going to give up on that? No. China will continue to buy oil 
and gas from Russia after this, and they, in all likelihood, will 
respond to our tariffs with tariffs of their own.
  This is what is going to happen. It is not going to solve the 
situation; it is going to raise American taxes, drive Russia and China 
together, and then China will actually add tariffs on our goods as 
well. It is a huge mistake.
  Imposing tariffs on China will reignite the trade war. Beijing will 
certainly retaliate with their own tariffs and export controls.
  Maia Nikoladze, the deputy director of the Economic Statecraft 
Initiative at the Atlantic Council, reminded us that on ``Liberation 
Day,'' the tariffs placed on China in April of 2025 didn't change 
Beijing's behavior. Instead, those tariffs prompted China to restrict 
exports of critical rare earth elements. We already tried this once. 
They responded by restricting their exports of things we need to make 
batteries for cars, and then we eventually ended up negotiating lower 
tariffs. Do we want to go through the same world of that again?
  Likewise, imposing a 100-percent tariff on India at a time when we 
are actively trying to court them to help us

[[Page S4536]]

in our competition with China is completely self-defeating. Ryan Young 
with the Competitive Enterprise Institute worries that imposing tariffs 
on India will alienate one of the most important strategic partners in 
Asia and a potential counterweight to China. So as we try to get India 
to be more aligned with us instead of with China or Russia--admiral 
goals--we put tariffs on India, and what does that do? It pushes them 
more toward China and more toward Russia.
  It is also unclear whether tariffs could even be imposed on 
individual members of the European Union, like Slovakia and Hungary, 
given Europe's common trade policy.
  In 2025, U.S.-EU bilateral trade was over $1 trillion. That is making 
both parties rich. We have become extraordinarily rich as a country as 
international trade has expanded. In fact, prosperity of the individual 
and prosperity of the country are directly proportional to the amount 
of trade. Think about that. Trying to tariff individual EU countries 
directly undermines President Trump's recent U.S.-EU trade agreement. 
Should the EU retaliate against the United States, the result would be 
disastrous for both American businesses and consumers.
  I encourage my colleagues to support my amendment that strips the 
counterproductive tariffs from the legislation. If not adopted, 
Congress should reject this strategic blunder of a bill that would do 
nothing to bring peace to Ukraine but, rather, raise American prices 
for American consumers, further weaken the dollar, destroy U.S. 
relations around the globe, and drive our adversaries closer together.
  Mr. President, I recommend a ``yes'' vote on the Paul-Wyden 
amendment.
  The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Senator from Oregon.
  Mr. WYDEN. Mr. President, very briefly. My colleague has hit a number 
of key points. To close, I just want to make a couple of points.
  The American people who are following this debate I am sure think 
that stuff can be corrected, stuff can be changed. And the reality is 
under this particular bill, Congress has no authority to modify this 
deeply flawed piece of legislation. So the reality is in the next few 
months when we have got folks who are walking an economic tightrope 
here in America, balancing the food bill against the fuel bill and the 
fuel bill against the rent bill and the like, they are going to come to 
their elected officials and say: I am getting pounded by these new 
tariffs. I am just getting hit by an economic wrecking ball. Do 
something about it.
  Under this legislation, Congress cannot, you know, modify this bill's 
tariffs. It is just not possible. So what we are going to have to do is 
make sure that the American people get some additional attention in 
other areas of the economy because under this legislation and under 
these tariffs, they are going to get hit by an economic wrecking ball. 
It is an unforced error that doesn't have to happen.
  I yield the floor.
  The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Senator from Connecticut.
  Mr. BLUMENTHAL. Mr. President, shortly, we will vote on the Russia 
sanctions bill as we have come to call it. I want to begin by thanking 
my colleagues for their overwhelming support for this measure, and in 
particular to thank Senators Shaheen, Britt, Wicker, Risch, Coons, 
Whitehouse, Durbin, and, of course, Senators Schumer and Thune. Their 
help has been invaluable as we reach this important moment.
  Last week, with President Zelenskyy watching from the Gallery, this 
body sent a powerful message to Vladimir Putin and all who are 
supporting him with funding for his vicious, bloodthirsty, illegal war 
against the brave, free people of Ukraine.
  Today, President Zelenskyy is watching from Ukraine, and Putin is 
watching from Moscow. I would like to think that Lindsey Graham is 
watching too. And I know how proud he would be of his sister today who 
has taken his place on the floor and has been such a profoundly strong 
and effective advocate for this bill.
  Today, we say to the people of Ukraine: You are not alone. And we say 
to Vladimir Putin: You will not conquer Ukraine. You will not defeat 
these free, brave people who are turning tides against your 
bloodthirsty aggression.
  Nearly 2 years ago, Lindsey Graham and I began working on this bill, 
but really the journey began with our first trip to Ukraine together 
some 4 years ago.
  Robert Frost once said when he was asked how he began his poems, he 
said:

       A poem begins with a lump in the throat . . .

  Our journey toward this bill began with a lump in our throats and 
tears in our eyes when we visited Bucha, not long after the Russians 
were pushed out of that small town just kilometers away from President 
Zelenskyy's bunker, which we also visited on that trip just weeks after 
Ukraine succeeded in pushing them out.
  We saw the mass grave where Putin's military shot innocent women and 
children in the back of their heads. We talked to Ukrainian troops who 
lost limbs, loved ones who lost sons and daughters, fathers and 
mothers. We talked to children who were kidnapped by Putin, literally 
abducted and placed in education camps.
  And on one of those long train rides--we took six or seven trips into 
Ukraine together--we began thinking about this bill to impose 
scorching, sledgehammer sanctions and tariffs on Russia to stop the 
flow of money fueling Putin's war machine, money that was essential to 
his slaughterous aggression against Ukraine.
  And like one of those trains, the journey to this bill was filled 
with a lot of bumps, a lot of stops and starts, and through it all what 
sustained us, as much as anything, was Senator Graham's overwhelming 
sense of optimism, his sense of humor, his belief in freedom and 
democracy, his belief in America.
  And so this bill is a tribute to him. We disagreed about many issues, 
he and I, and I could be on the receiving end of his anger, as well as 
his praise. But the partnership that we forged, I think is a lesson 
without exaggerating it to perhaps the people of America that, yes, we 
can work together and accomplish good things for the world.
  One of Senator Graham's final acts as a Member of this body was to 
reach an accord with the White House on our behalf and secure the 
President's support. He died literally the next day.
  I spoke to him shortly before his death, and I know as well as anyone 
that this Chamber--this body--will not be the same without him. We miss 
him, and this bill named in his honor carries on the work that he 
believed was so important.
  It will impose scorching sanctions on the Russia war machine and the 
shadow fleet that sustains it. It will prevent critical resources from 
flowing to the Kremlin's coffers.
  It will authorize the President to impose duties and penalties on the 
largest purchases of Russian crude oil and natural gas--punishing the 
profiteers for buying discounted energy products and pushing them to 
decrease purchases. It is a powerful deterrent against complicity in 
Putin's illegal war.
  And it provides a powerful pressure point in stopping buyers of 
Russian oil and gas from continuing to provide the essential fuel for 
that war machine.
  It will give the administration the tools it needs to punish anyone 
who aids Russia as they continue to evade United States sanctions and 
promote stronger, stricter enforcement of those sanctions.
  For years, countries have been allowed to permit bad actors to broker 
deals and support the shadow fleet's movement all around the world. 
They have become fabulously rich, while preaching the need for peace. 
These countries will be exposed as facilitating evasion of sanctions, 
and it will help us end the war.
  The goal is peace. We have the power to help end this war, and we 
cannot stand idly as a young, democratic nation desperately fights for 
its survival against a murderous dictator.
  We know from history, appeasement is a failed hope, and hope is not a 
strategy. We cannot appease Putin in the hope that he will abandon his 
imperialist ambitions because history shows that he will not.
  And his ambition doesn't end in Donbas or Luhansk. It reaches deep 
into Europe, and it threatens our national security and our allies' 
security. Yes, we need our allies, and they have stepped up to aid 
Ukraine in this war.
  Appeasing Putin is a disservice to the brave men and women of our 
military

[[Page S4537]]

who are defending our freedom all around the globe because it puts them 
in greater risk if Putin thinks he can move against our NATO allies, 
and then we will be required to put our sons and daughters in harm's 
way.
  For 4 years, Ukraine has refused to bow to Putin's will. They have 
beaten back wave after wave after wave of Russian attacks. Our military 
gave them maybe a few weeks, in 2022, to survive Putin's onslaught.
  They pushed the Russians back in those weeks after the first wave of 
assault, and they have continued a brilliant campaign of using new 
technology that has amazed and awed the world, including our own 
military, which is learning from Ukraine about the use of drones and 
other unmanned weapons platforms.
  Their ingenuity and determination are awe inspiring, even as their 
stockpiles of interceptors and other air defense run dry. And we must 
provide the kind of military defense aid--the interceptors, the PAC-
3s--or the Patriot system--or the THAAD platforms that are essential to 
defend the Ukrainian people who are enduring--night after night after 
night--missiles and drones killing civilians, aimed at schools, 
hospitals, malls, civilian targets.
  Putin not only abducts children, he kills them in their beds as they 
sleep with missiles and drones that are aimed purposely at civilian 
targets to terrorize and intimidate the people of Ukraine, but they 
will not yield.
  And today, they continue to stand as a beacon of hope and liberty, 
shining against the darkness. Today, we cannot provide all that 
military aid that they need, but we can take this step--a step to stand 
with the people of Ukraine and show that their fight is our fight.
  I would like to close with some brilliant, rhetorical flourish, but I 
would rather just recall some of Senator Graham's last words to me.
  He said: This is a big effing deal. We all did good.
  Decorum prevents me on the Senate floor from saying what he actually 
said, but I would like to say--looking across the Chamber where he 
sat--that he is with us today and that he will be proud of what we are 
doing.
  I yield the floor.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. Justice). The Senator from New Hampshire.
  Mrs. SHAHEEN. Mr. President, I am so pleased to come to the floor 
this morning to join Senator Blumenthal, one of the sponsors of this 
legislation, to remember Senator Lindsey Graham and to thank everyone 
who has worked so hard on this legislation: the Lindsey O. Graham 
Sanctioning Russia and Iran Act. And I so appreciate Darline Graham's 
being here and her support for this.
  So I am here to support the underlying bill, but I also am here to 
oppose the Paul-Wyden amendment. Now, I understand the concern of some 
of my colleagues on tariffs. I share those.
  I co-led an amicus brief, challenging the President's illegal use of 
IEEPA to impose tariffs, and appreciated Senator Wyden's partnership on 
that. That argument prevailed at the Supreme Court.
  I also oppose any abuse of the tariff authorities that are currently 
on the books. But the authority in this bill to impose tariffs is very 
narrowly scoped, and it contains clear guardrails. It explicitly says 
that the only countries that can be subject to tariffs are the top five 
purchasers of oil or gas--the top five--and the top five sanctions 
evaders for Russian oil.
  So if we are going to be successful at putting pressure on that we 
need to put pressure on to get Vladimir Putin to the table, we have got 
to shut down the money that he is getting from oil and gas, and that is 
what this bill would do.
  These tariffs have one purpose: to make it more costly for countries 
to keep buying the Russian energy that funds Putin's war.
  This amendment does not restore Congress' constitutional authority 
over trade, which listening to the authors, you might question. And if 
this amendment is adopted, President Trump's existing tariff 
authorities remain exactly where they are today. The only thing that 
would change would be our ability to put pressure on countries that are 
still buying Russian energy. So I oppose this amendment. I urge my 
colleagues to oppose it as well.
  And I think one of the critical issues here is the urgency of where 
we are in this war right now. The momentum is on Ukraine's side. This 
is Russia's worst summer of the war yet, but we know the situation can 
change quickly against Ukraine.
  China is supporting Russia's efforts to regain battlefield advantage 
by helping the Russians develop their own version of Starlink, one of 
the things President Zelenskyy raised a concern about the last time 
Senator Graham and I had a chance to meet with him in Ankara at the 
NATO summit.
  According to President Zelenskyy, that technology that China is 
working on can be available as early as November. That would advance 
Russia's drone technology to catch up with Ukraine. The battlefield 
could look significantly different in the next 6 to 12 months, and that 
could roll back Ukraine's advantages.
  Now is the time to put more pressure on Putin. This legislation, if 
it is advanced before the August recess, will be ahead of Russia's 
upcoming elections. They hold their legislative elections in mid-
September. After that, Putin is likely to be required to change 
conscription in response to the severe shortage of recruits because 
they are losing 35,000 Russians a month.
  Advancing the legislation ahead of Russia's upcoming elections will 
increase pressure on Putin to seriously revisit prospects for a peace 
deal.
  And make no mistake: Russia is watching what we do. We have the 
history of this war to show that every time the United States backs 
away from putting pressure on Russia, from helping Ukraine, from 
funding the war, Russia ramps up its attacks in Ukraine. It kills more 
civilians.
  And that is where we are. If we can't shut down the funding for the 
war machine that Russia is using against Ukraine, then they are going 
to keep at it. We have to show the determination that the United States 
feels to support this emerging democracy that Senator Blumenthal was so 
eloquent to talk about.
  So that is why there is real urgency for what we are doing today, not 
just to pass this underlying sanctions bill but to make sure that the 
tariffs that are funding Russia's war machine can shut down the oil and 
gas that is keeping that war machine going.
  So I hope all of my colleagues will oppose this amendment and support 
the underlying bill.
  I yield the floor.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from Idaho.
  Mr. RISCH. Mr. President, I want to join my colleague, the 
distinguished ranking member of the Foreign Relations Committee. We are 
in the same spot on this bill and on the amendment.
  Just last week, I stood in this Chamber and asked my colleagues to 
join me in moving this bill forward, and many of them--from both sides 
of the aisle--did so. That vote was successful with a margin of 86 to 
12. That is a rare vote at this time in the Senate.
  That same night that we voted in tremendous support of Ukraine, a 
number of us welcomed Ukraine's President back to the Capitol, where he 
gave us a fulsome update on Ukraine's battlefield successes.
  He expressed how Ukraine sorely needed this sanctions legislation to 
magnify the impact of Russia's battlefield losses by imposing crippling 
economic costs on Russia's economy. This could finally bring Russia to 
the negotiating table and end this conflict, which we all want to see 
happen.
  But to be clear, while this legislation would help Ukraine counter 
Russian aggression, it also protects Idahoans--all Americans--but 
Idahoans, who I focus on here, as all of us focus on our own 
constituents, and that is always each of our priority.
  Peace and stability in Europe are in America's interests. In the 
interconnected world we live in, prosperity in Europe only helps us 
here at home.
  Like everyone here, I always view what we are doing here through the 
lens of: How will this affect my constituents at home? How will it help 
them? And bringing an end to this conflict will allow us to return to 
issues that Idahoans care about: lowering prices, unleashing domestic 
energy, protecting public lands, and building a better future for the 
next generation.
  This legislation brings us much closer to that end and an end to this 
conflict. It will make a decisive impact

[[Page S4538]]

that goes beyond what can be achieved on the battlefield. It will cut 
off the flow of cash that powers Putin's war machine.
  I have worked with my colleagues on this bill for more than a year, 
including my friend from New Hampshire; with Senator Blumenthal; and, 
of course, with Senator Lindsey Graham, who was very focused on this 
bill; and with the President.
  I have worked particularly to include sanctions in this bill against 
Russia's illicit shadow fleet that it uses to evade these sanctions and 
prop up its energy sector.
  These ships and the oil sales they facilitate directly fuel Russia's 
war machine and threaten American and European security. They enrich 
Russia, China, and Iran. This bill will go a long way to stopping that 
shadow fleet.
  I have also worked to include provisions taking aim at Russia's 
defense supply chains and a number of key energy projects, causing real 
pain to Putin and those who keep him in power. They will do that.
  These tools will give the United States and our allies the leverage 
we need to force Russia back to the negotiating table and end this 
conflict.
  I would be remiss if I didn't note that this bill was a culmination 
of many, many hours of work from my staff, Senator Shaheen's staff, 
Senator Blumenthal's staff, Senator Lindsey Graham's staff, all of them 
and other staffs worked on this. And we usually don't thank them here 
on the floor, but they really need thanks on this because this went on 
so long and was so technical.
  Finally, I would be remiss if I didn't note that this bill was a 
passion project for our friend Lindsey Graham, and it is fitting that 
we will see it move through the Senate today.
  I hope to, once again, see a strong majority of my colleagues join us 
in this bill--in passing this bill right here and right now.

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