[Congressional Record Volume 172, Number 106 (Wednesday, June 24, 2026)]
[Senate]
[Pages S3618-S3621]
From the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
SA 6507. Mrs. SHAHEEN submitted an amendment intended to be proposed
by her to the bill S. 4784, to authorize appropriations for fiscal year
2027 for military activities of the Department of Defense, for military
construction, and for defense activities of the Department of Energy,
to prescribe military personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and for
other purposes; which was ordered to lie on the table; as follows:
At the end of title XII, add the following:
Subtitle F--Lebanon Sanctions, Stabilization, and Support
SEC. 1271. SHORT TITLE.
This subtitle may be cited as the ``Lebanon Sanctions,
Stabilization, and Support Act''.
[[Page S3619]]
SEC. 1272. SANCTIONS.
(a) In General.--The President may impose the sanctions
described in subsection (c) with respect to each foreign
person, regardless of employment, who the President
determines, on or after the date of the enactment of this
Act, has knowingly and significantly engaged in any activity
described in subsection (b).
(b) Activities Described.--A foreign person has engaged in
any activity described in this subsection if the foreign
person has--
(1) knowingly undertaken actions or policies that provide
material support in furtherance of the Government of Iran's
illicit financing and support of armed non-state actors in
Lebanon, including Hezbollah;
(2) significantly delayed or impeded the work of the
Lebanese Armed Forces and the Internal Security Forces to
implement the August 2025 decision to exercise a state
monopoly of arms, the September 2025 plan to achieve that
monopoly by disarming Hezbollah, the March 2026 decision to
ban security and military activities of Hezbollah, or the
April 2026 decision to bring weapons in Beirut under
government control;
(3) provided material support to Hezbollah; or
(4) taken significant actions to delay or impede the
progress of reforms to the banking and financial sectors of
Lebanon.
(c) Sanctions Described.--The sanctions described in this
subsection are the following:
(1) Blocking of property.--The President shall exercise all
authorities granted under the International Emergency
Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.) to the extent
necessary to block and prohibit all transactions in property
and interests in property of a foreign person described in
subsection (a) if such property and interests in property are
in the United States, come within the United States, or come
within the possession or control of a United States person.
(2) Prohibitions on financial transactions.--The President
may exercise all authorities granted under the International
Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.) to the
extent necessary--
(A) to prohibit any United States financial institution
from making loans or providing credit to the applicable
foreign person; or
(B) to prohibit any transactions in foreign exchange that
are subject to the jurisdiction of the United States and in
which such foreign person has any interest.
(3) Ineligibility for visas, admission, or parole.--
(A) Visas, admission, or parole.--An alien described in
subsection (a) shall be--
(i) inadmissible to the United States;
(ii) ineligible to receive a visa or other documentation to
enter the United States; and
(iii) otherwise ineligible to be admitted or paroled into
the United States or to receive any other benefit under the
Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1101 et seq.).
(B) Current visas revoked.--
(i) In general.--The valid visa or other entry
documentation of any alien described in subsection (a) is
subject to revocation regardless of the issue date of the
visa or other entry documentation.
(ii) Effect.--In accordance with section 221(i) of the
Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1201(i)), a
revocation authorized under clause (i) shall--
(I) take effect in accordance with established procedures;
and
(II) cancel any other valid visa or entry documentation
that is in the possession of the alien.
(4) Licensing.--For any sanctions imposed pursuant to this
subsection, the Secretary of the Treasury shall issue such
general licenses and public guidance as may be necessary--
(A) to clarify that such sanctions do not apply to any
government or agency with which the sanctioned person may be
officially associated;
(B) to clarify that such sanctions do not apply to any
person the sanctioned person owns or controls that
contributes to meaningful economic activity in Lebanon,
unless the person is itself designated based on its behavior;
and
(C) to limit adverse impacts to employment, legitimate
economic activity, and humanitarian conditions in Lebanon.
(d) Exceptions.--
(1) Humanitarian assistance.--Sanctions under this section
may not apply to--
(A) the conduct or facilitation of a transaction for the
provision of agricultural commodities, food, medicine,
medical devices, humanitarian assistance, or for humanitarian
purposes; or
(B) transactions that are necessary for, or ordinarily
incident to, the activities described in subparagraph (A).
(2) Intelligence activities.--Sanctions under this section
shall not apply to--
(A) any activity subject to the reporting requirements
under title V of the National Security Act of 1947 (50 U.S.C.
3091 et seq.); or
(B) any authorized intelligence activities of the United
States.
(3) Compliance with international obligations and law
enforcement activities.--Visa restrictions under subsection
(c)(3) shall not apply with respect to the admission or
parole of an alien into the United States if admitting or
paroling the alien is necessary--
(A) to comply with United States obligations under--
(i) the Agreement between the United Nations and the United
States of America regarding the Headquarters of the United
Nations, signed at Lake Success June 26, 1947, and entered
into force November 21, 1947;
(ii) the Convention on Consular Relations, done at Vienna
April 24, 1963, and entered into force March 19, 1967; or
(iii) any other applicable international obligations; or
(B) to carry out or assist law enforcement activity in the
United States.
(e) Rulemaking.--The President may prescribe such
regulations as are necessary to carry out the provisions of
this section (which may include regulatory exceptions),
including under section 205 of the International Emergency
Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1704)).
(f) Rule of Construction.--Nothing in this section may be
construed to limit the authorities of the President under the
International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701
et seq.).
(g) Termination.--This section, and any sanctions imposed
under this section, shall terminate on the date that is 5
years after the date of the enactment of this Act.
(h) Definitions.--In this section:
(1) Admission; admitted; alien; lawfully admitted for
permanent residence.--The terms ``admission'', ``admitted'',
``alien'', and ``lawfully admitted for permanent residence''
have the meanings given those terms in section 101 of the
Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1101).
(2) Appropriate committees of congress.--The term
``appropriate committees of Congress'' means--
(A) the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate; and
(B) the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of
Representatives.
(3) Foreign person.--The term ``foreign person'' means any
individual or entity that is not a United States person.
(4) United states person.--The term ``United States
person'' means--
(A) a United States citizen or an alien lawfully admitted
for permanent residence to the United States;
(B) an entity organized under the laws of the United States
or any jurisdiction within the United States, including a
foreign branch of such an entity; or
(C) any person located in the United States.
SEC. 1273. STABILIZATION.
(a) Humanitarian Assistance.--The Secretary of State may
continue to support humanitarian assistance in Lebanon in
furtherance of the political and economic stability,
sovereignty, and territorial integrity of Lebanon, which is
important for regional stability and the national economic
and security interests of the United States, including--
(1) health assistance, including logistical and technical
assistance to hospitals, ambulances, and health clinics in
affected communities, and the provision of basic public
health commodities;
(2) assistance to provide--
(A) protection, food, and shelter;
(B) water, sanitation, and hygiene; and
(C) demining and disposal of unexploded ordinance; and
(3) technical assistance to ensure health, food, and
commodities are appropriately selected, procured, targeted,
monitored, and distributed.
(b) Authorization of Appropriations for Incentive Fund for
Reconstruction of Lebanese Government Services and
Infrastructure.--
(1) In general.--There is authorized to be appropriated to
the Department of State, to support the reconstruction of
services and institutions of the Government of Lebanon and of
municipal governments in Lebanon and to support the building
and rebuilding of civilian infrastructure in Lebanon, subject
to the limitations set forth in paragraph (2)--
(A) $250,000,000 for the first fiscal year beginning after
the date of the enactment of this Act; and
(B) $150,000,000 for each of the first 4 fiscal years
following the conclusion of the fiscal year referred to in
subparagraph (A).
(2) Limitation.--None of the funds authorized to be
appropriated pursuant to paragraph (1) may be made available
for use by the Council for South Lebanon.
(3) Notice before provision of assistance.--
(A) Restriction.--Except as provided in subparagraph (B),
not more than 50 percent of the funds appropriated pursuant
to paragraph (1) may be obligated until the Secretary of
State certifies to the Committee on Foreign Relations of the
Senate and the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of
Representatives that--
(i) the Government of Lebanon has declared Hezbollah's
military activities illegal; and
(ii) the Lebanese Armed Forces are implementing directives
of the Government of Lebanon regarding--
(I) the establishment of a monopoly of force within
Lebanon; and
(II) the disarmament of Hezbollah
(B) Waiver.--The Secretary of State may waive the
restriction under subparagraph (A) after certifying to the
Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate and the
Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives
that such a waiver is in the national interest of the United
States.
[[Page S3620]]
(c) Negotiation on the Use of Frozen Iranian Assets.--The
Secretary of State is authorized to engage in negotiations
with countries that hold frozen Iranian assets in an effort
to access such funds to pay for the reconstruction of
Lebanon.
(d) Livelihood and Scholarship Assistance to the Lebanese
Armed Forces and the Internal Security Forces.--
(1) In general.--There shall be established a fund, to be
administered by the Secretary of State, which shall provide
for the sustainment of the Lebanese Armed Forces and Internal
Security Forces in accordance with paragraph (2).
(2) Authorization of appropriations.--There is authorized
to be appropriated to the Department of State, for each of
the first 3 fiscal years beginning after the date of the
enactment of this Act, $20,000,000, which shall be deposited
into the fund established under paragraph (1) and expended
for salaries and stipends for members of the Lebanese Armed
Forces and Internal Security Forces.
(e) Strategy.--Not later than 60 days after the date of the
enactment of this Act, the Secretary of State shall submit a
strategy to the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate,
the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate, the Committee
on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives, and the
Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives
that details how funds authorized to be appropriated under
this section, in conjunction with funds authorized to be
appropriated under section 1274, will be used to help support
and implement a plan to expand Lebanese state services and
increase legitimate political participation in Lebanese
communities that are currently dependent on parallel services
from Hezbollah.
SEC. 1274. SECURITY ASSISTANCE.
(a) Authorization of Appropriations for Security Assistance
to the Lebanese Armed Forces and the Internal Security
Forces.--
(1) In general.--There is authorized to be appropriated to
the Department of State, for each of the first 5 fiscal years
beginning after the date of the enactment of this Act--
(A) $200,000,000 for Foreign Military Financing;
(B) $25,000,000 for International Narcotics Control and Law
Enforcement;
(C) $11,500,000 for Non-proliferation, Anti-terrorism,
Demining, and Related Programs; and
(D) $3,500,000 International Military Education and
Training.
(2) Notice before provision of assistance.--
(A) Restriction.--Except as provided in subparagraph (B),
not more than 50 percent of the funds appropriated pursuant
to paragraph (1) may be obligated until after the Secretary
of State certifies to the Committee on Foreign Relations of
the Senate and the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House
of Representatives that--
(i) the Government of Lebanon has declared Hezbollah's
military activities illegal; and
(ii) the Lebanese Armed Forces are implementing directives
of the Government of Lebanon regarding--
(I) the establishment of a monopoly of force within
Lebanon; and
(II) the disarmament of Hezbollah.
(B) Inapplicability.--The restriction on obligating funds
under subparagraph (A) shall not apply to assistance provided
to special operations units and associated enabling forces of
the Lebanese Armed Forces.
(3) Authorization of contingent funding after the first
fiscal year.--
(A) Contingency.--Subparagraph (B) shall take effect if a
briefing required under subsection (c) during the fiscal year
beginning after the date of the enactment of this Act
demonstrates meaningful progress, as determined by the
Secretary of State--
(i) by the Lebanese Armed Forces and the Internal Security
Forces to counter Iranian proxy forces operating in Lebanon,
including Hezbollah, Hamas, and Palestinian Islamic Jihad;
and
(ii) by the Government of Lebanon to develop and implement
a plan to expand state services and increase legitimate
political participation in Lebanese communities that are
currently dependent on parallel services from Hezbollah.
(B) Funding.--Subject to the contingency described in
subparagraph (A), in addition to the appropriations
authorized under paragraph (1), there is authorized to be
appropriated to the Department of State, for the second,
third, fourth, and fifth fiscal year beginning after the date
of the enactment of this Act--
(i) $50,000,000 for Foreign Military Financing;
(ii) $6,000,000 for International Narcotics Control and Law
Enforcement;
(iii) $3,000,000 for Non-proliferation, Anti-terrorism,
Demining, and Related Programs; and
(iv) $1,000,000 for International Military Education and
Training.
(4) Authorization of additional contingent funding after
the second fiscal year.--
(A) Contingency.--Subparagraph (B) shall take effect if the
briefings required under subsection (c) during each of the
first 2 fiscal years beginning after the date of the
enactment of this Act demonstrate meaningful progress, as
determined by the Secretary of State--
(i) by the Lebanese Armed Forces and the Internal Security
Forces to counter Iranian proxy forces operating in Lebanon,
including Hezbollah, Hamas, and Palestinian Islamic Jihad;
and
(ii) by the Government of Lebanon to implement a plan to
expand state services and increase legitimate political
participation in Lebanese communities that are currently
dependent on parallel services from Hezbollah.
(B) Funding.--Subject to the contingency described in
subparagraph (A), in addition to the appropriations
authorized under paragraphs (1) and (3), there is authorized
to be appropriated to the Secretary of State, for each of the
third, fourth, and fifth fiscal years beginning after the
date of the enactment of this Act--
(i) $50,000,000 for Foreign Military Financing;
(ii) $6,000,000 for International Narcotics Control and Law
Enforcement;
(iii) $3,000,000 for Non-proliferation, Anti-terrorism,
Demining, and Related Programs; and
(iv) $1,000,000 for International Military Education and
Training.
(5) Use of funds.--Amounts appropriated pursuant to
authorizations under paragraphs (1)(B), (3)(B), and (4)(B)
shall be used by the Secretary of State to build the capacity
of the Lebanese Armed Forces and the Internal Security
Forces, including by--
(A) countering Iranian proxy forces operating in Lebanon,
including Hezbollah, Hamas, and Palestinian Islamic Jihad;
(B) implementing--
(i) the August 2025 decision to exercise a state monopoly
of arms;
(ii) the September 2025 plan to achieve this monopoly by
disarming Hezbollah;
(iii) the March 2026 decision to ban Hezbollah security and
military activities; and
(iv) the April 2026 decision to bring weapons in Beirut
under government control;
(C) fully implementing all relevant United Nations Security
Council resolutions;
(D) training and vetting members of the Lebanese Armed
Forces and the Internal Security Forces;
(E) countering and interdicting revenue sources for
Hezbollah and other malign actors, including revenues derived
from financial crimes, Captagon, and other illicit good
production and trafficking in Lebanon;
(F) detecting and interdicting trafficking of weapons,
materials related to weapons of mass destruction, dual-use
goods, and sensitive technologies in Lebanon; and
(G) implementing the program described in subsection (b).
(b) Program to Build the Capacity of the Lebanese Armed
Forces and the Internal Security Forces With Respect to
Captagon and Other Illicit Goods.--
(1) In general.--The Secretary of State shall establish a
program to provide assistance to strengthen the capacity of
Lebanese security institutions to identify, track, and
improve their forensics detection capabilities with respect
to financial crimes and production and trafficking of
Captagon and other illicit goods that provide a source of
revenue for Hezbollah and other malign actors.
(2) Program requirements.--Recipients of assistance from
the program required under paragraph (1)--
(A) shall be limited to Lebanese officials who have
expertise and experience or are being trained in matters
described in paragraph (1); and
(B) may be carried out, in the case of inbound exchanges,
as part of exchange programs and international visitor
programs administered by the Bureau of Educational and
Cultural Affairs of the Department of State, including the
International Visitor Leadership Program, in coordination
with the Bureau of International Narcotics and Law
Enforcement Affairs.
(c) Briefing.--Not later than 15 days before the obligation
of any funds appropriated pursuant to subsection (a), the
Secretary of State shall brief the Committee on Foreign
Relations of the Senate, the Committee on Appropriations of
the Senate, the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of
Representatives, and the Committee on Appropriations of the
House of Representatives regarding--
(1) the steps taken during the previous year by the
Lebanese security institutions to counter Iranian proxy
forces operating in Lebanon, including Hezbollah, Hamas, and
Palestinian Islamic Jihad;
(2) the steps taken during the previous year by Lebanese
security institutions to counter the production and
trafficking of Captagon and other illicit goods in Lebanon;
(3) how United States assistance created or augmented the
capabilities of the Lebanese Armed Forces and the Internal
Security Forces to undertake the steps described in
paragraphs (1) and (2);
(4) how the production and trafficking of Captagon and
other revenues sources, to include financial crimes and
illicit good production and trafficking, has harmed the
Lebanese economy and benefitted Hezbollah and other malign
actors;
(5) the steps taken by the Lebanese Armed Forces to counter
any instances of collusion between the Lebanese Armed Forces
and Hezbollah, such as--
(A) promoting the establishment of rapid inspection units;
(B) conducting randomized spot checks;
(C) implementing mechanisms for incentivizing weapons
relinquishment;
(D) implementing mechanisms for incentivizing outcome-based
performance by Lebanese Armed Forces units and personnel; and
[[Page S3621]]
(E) imposing consequences, such as criminal liability, for
Lebanese Armed Forces personnel who have colluded with
Hezbollah; and
(6) how the assistance authorized under subsection (a) will
further improve the capabilities of the Lebanese Armed Forces
and the Internal Security Forces to counter Iranian proxy
forces operating in Lebanon, including Hezbollah, Hamas, and
Palestinian Islamic Jihad.
SEC. 1275. OVERSIGHT.
(a) Oversight of Stabilization Assistance.--
(1) Strategy.--Not later than 90 days after the date of the
enactment of this Act, the Secretary of State shall submit an
unclassified strategy, with a classified annex, if necessary,
to the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate and the
Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives
that describes--
(A) how the United States, working with relevant foreign
governments, multilateral organizations, and nongovernmental
organizations, will support the safe, informed, durable, and
voluntary return of Syrian refugees in Lebanon back to their
home communities;
(B) the diplomatic efforts carried out by the United States
Government to urge contributing countries of the United
Nations Interim Force in Lebanon to donate existing
equipment, vehicles, and facilities to the Lebanese Armed
Forces upon the termination of United Nations Interim Force
in Lebanon's mandate in accordance with United Nations
Security Council Resolution 2790 (2025), pursuant to efforts
to bolster the capability of the Lebanese Armed Forces in
southern Lebanon;
(C) the diplomatic efforts carried out by the United States
Government, including by supporting multilateral pledging
events and using its positions in international financial
institutions, to encourage strategic burden sharing and the
coordination of donations with international donors,
including foreign governments and multilateral organizations,
to advance the provision of humanitarian assistance to the
people of Lebanon, especially internally displaced persons;
and
(D) how the United States Government is--
(i) overcoming reconstruction challenges in southern
Lebanon to counter any role Hezbollah may be playing in
reconstruction and provision of social services;
(ii) mitigating risk of diversion or benefit to non-state
armed groups in Lebanon, particularly Hezbollah; and
(iii) ensuring effective delivery of assistance.
(2) Initial report.--Before obligating or expending any
amounts appropriated pursuant to section 1273(b), the
Secretary of State shall submit an unclassified report, with
a classified annex, if necessary, to the Committee on Foreign
Relations of the Senate, the Committee on Appropriations of
the Senate, the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of
Representatives, and the Committee on Appropriations of the
House of Representatives that describes--
(A) accounting, monitoring, evaluation or oversight
procedures being implemented to prevent the diversion of the
United States Government assistance, including the amounts
appropriated pursuant to section 1273(b), to Hezbollah or
other non-state armed groups in Lebanon or their affiliates
and to ensure such amounts are being used for the purposes
for which they were obligated; and
(B) the diplomatic efforts carried out by the United States
Government, including by supporting multilateral pledging
events and using its positions in international financial
institutions, to encourage strategic burden sharing and the
coordination of donations with international donors,
including foreign governments and multilateral organizations,
to advance the provision of assistance for the reconstruction
of services and institutions of the Government of Lebanon and
of municipal governments in Lebanon and the building and
rebuilding of civilian infrastructure in Lebanon.
(3) Retention and readiness report.--Not later than 180
days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the
Secretary of State shall submit an unclassified report, with
a classified annex, if necessary, to the congressional
committees referred to in paragraph (2) that describes the
effect of the amounts appropriated pursuant to subsections
(c) and (d) of section 1273 on the retention and readiness of
the Lebanese Armed Forces and the Internal Security Forces.
(b) Oversight of Support Assistance.--Not later than 120
days after the date of the enactment of this Act, and
annually thereafter for the following 3 years, the Secretary
of State shall submit to the Committee on Foreign Relations
of the Senate and the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the
House of Representatives an unclassified report, with a
classified annex, if necessary, that--
(1) describes the progress made by the Government of
Lebanon, the Lebanese Armed Forces, and the Internal Security
Forces and any remaining gaps in developing and implementing
a plan, with timelines and measurable objectives--
(A) to fully disarm Hezbollah, including with the support
of the United States and the international community;
(B) to expand state services and increasing legitimate
political participation in Lebanese communities that are
currently dependent on parallel services from Hezbollah; and
(C) to implement--
(i) the August 2025 decision to exercise a state monopoly
of arms;
(ii) the September 2025 plan to achieve this monopoly by
disarming Hezbollah;
(iii) the March 2026 decision to ban Hezbollah security and
military activities; and
(iv) the April 2026 decision to bring weapons in Beirut
under government control;
(2) details the Government of Iran's illicit financing and
support of armed non-state actors in Lebanon, including
Hezbollah and institutions it controls, such as Al-Qard Al-
Hassan;
(3) describes whether and how the political and economic
stability, sovereignty, and territorial integrity of Lebanon
are important for regional stability and the national
economic and security interests of the United States;
(4)(A) describes the efforts led by the United States to
coordinate and deconflict between the Lebanese Armed Forces
and the Israel Defense Forces;
(B) assesses the steps that should be taken by the Lebanese
Armed Forces to increase coordination and deconfliction;
(C) assesses the steps that should be taken by the Israel
Defense Forces to increase coordination and deconfliction;
(D) describes additional authorities or tools that may aid
these coordination and deconfliction efforts or increase the
ability of the United States to provide effective guidance to
the Lebanese Armed Forces and Israel Defense Forces; and
(E) describes efforts to build upon the monitoring
mechanism led by the United States after the Announcement of
a Cessation of Hostilities and Related Commitments on
November 27, 2024, to establish a combined intelligence and
military coordination body with international partners that
sets clear, measurable objectives and time-bound metrics to
ensure credibility and transparency in the process of
disarming Hezbollah;
(5) identifies the steps the Government of Lebanon is
taking to enact reforms to Lebanon's banking and financial
sectors, including--
(A) steps to implement Lebanon's April 2025 bank secrecy
law;
(B) steps to pass and implement a law to restructure
Lebanon's banking sector; and
(C) steps to pass and implement a law to address the
allocation of losses in Lebanon's banking sector;
(6) describes the progress made toward building peaceful
relations between the Government of Lebanon and the
Government of Israel, including--
(A) steps to pursue negotiations and efforts to impede
negotiations;
(B) the advisory and coordination mechanisms set up by the
United States and the international community;
(C) progress made as a result of direct negotiations that--
(i) recognize Lebanon's sovereignty and work toward
enforcing United Nations Security Council Resolution 1701
(2006);
(ii) affirm that the Government of Lebanon, rather than any
foreign power (such as Iran), is the representative of the
Lebanese people;
(iii) undermine Iran's claims to negotiate for Lebanon; and
(iv) undermine Iran's attempts to intrude in Lebanon's
domestic affairs and the conduct of its foreign policy;
(D) steps to suspend the enforcement of, or repeal,
Lebanon's anti-normalization laws, derived from Lebanon Law
1/1955, which was ratified by the Parliament of Lebanon on
June 23, 1955, to prohibit any economic, commercial, or
personal interactions between the people of Lebanon and the
people of Israel, and provisions of the Lebanese Criminal
Code and the Lebanese Code of Military Justice; and
(7) describes humanitarian and reconstruction needs and
challenges in Lebanon, including--
(A) the immediate state of humanitarian needs and the long-
term reconstruction needs in Lebanon, particularly south of
the Litani river;
(B) the causes of such challenges;
(C) efforts that have been made to address these
challenges;
(D) the effects of not addressing these challenges on the
economy and security inside Lebanon; and
(E) the effects of such challenges on regional stability
and security if applicable.
______