[Congressional Record Volume 172, Number 106 (Wednesday, June 24, 2026)]
[Senate]
[Pages S3342-S3343]
From the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]

  SA 6154. Mr. WYDEN submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by 
him to the bill S. 4784, to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 
2027 for military activities of the Department of Defense, for military 
construction, and for defense activities of the Department of Energy, 
to prescribe military personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and for 
other purposes; which was ordered to lie on the table; as follows:

        At the appropriate place in subtitle B of title XV, insert 
     the following:

     SEC. 15___. ASSESSMENT OF DATA QUALITY AND GOVERNANCE 
                   PRACTICES FOR TARGET IDENTIFICATION ARTIFICIAL 
                   INTELLIGENCE SYSTEMS.

       (a) In General.--Not later than December 31, 2027, the 
     Secretary of Defense shall complete a comprehensive 
     assessment of--
       (1) the quality of data and the potential for harmful bias 
     and hallucinations in artificial intelligence systems used 
     for target identification, sensor processing, and decision-
     making support;
       (2) the risks to mission effectiveness from automation bias 
     and hallucinations by such artificial intelligence systems; 
     and
       (3) the risks of adversarial manipulation of training data 
     and other data inputs used by such artificial intelligence 
     systems.
       (b) Contents.--
       (1) Data.--The assessment required by subsection (a)(1) 
     shall include an assessment of data used to train--
       (A) target identification tools, including tools used for 
     the Maven Smart System;
       (B) intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance systems; 
     and
       (C) weapon systems that have lethal, offensive strike 
     capabilities that are autonomous or planned to become 
     autonomous; and
       (D) weapon systems subject to senior review under 
     Department of Defense Directive 3000.09.
       (2) Automation bias and hallucinations.--The assessment 
     required by subsection (a)(2) shall include an assessment 
     of--
       (A) whether and how the intermediation of artificial 
     intelligence systems in human decision-making leads to over-
     reliance or harmful deference to artificial intelligence 
     system recommendations; and
       (B) the impact of erroneous or misleading outputs, 
     including hallucinations on mission effectiveness and the 
     appropriateness of the integration of artificial intelligence 
     systems into target identification and decision-making 
     support.
       (3) Adversarial manipulation.--The assessment required by 
     subsection (a)(3) shall include an assessment of whether 
     artificial intelligence systems have been tested against 
     adversarial manipulation, including through data poisoning 
     and backdoor attacks through embedded hidden malicious data, 
     under operationally realistic conditions.
       (c) Briefing.--Not later than February 1, 2027, the 
     Secretary shall brief the appropriate congressional 
     committees on the completed assessment required by subsection 
     (a) and recommendations how to improve the quality of the 
     assessed data.
       (d) Definitions.--In this section:
       (1) Appropriate congressional committees.--The term 
     ``appropriate congressional committees'' means--

[[Page S3343]]

       (A) the Committee on Armed Services and the Select 
     Committee on Intelligence of the Senate; and
       (B) the Committee on Armed Services and the Permanent 
     Select Committee on Intelligence of the House of 
     Representatives.
       (2) Artificial intelligence system.--The term ``artificial 
     intelligence system'' has the meaning given the term 
     ``artificial intelligence'' in section 5002 of the National 
     Artificial Intelligence Initiative Act of 2020 (15 U.S.C. 
     9401).
       (3) Autonomous; planned to become autonomous.--
       (A) Autonomous.--The term ``autonomous'', with respect to a 
     weapon system, means that the weapon system, once activated, 
     can select and engage targets without further intervention by 
     an operator, as defined in Department of Defense Directive 
     3000.09; or
       (B) Planned to become autonomous.--The term ``planned to 
     become autonomous'', with respect to a weapon system, means 
     that the weapon system has the potential to be deployed in a 
     manner that would qualify as an autonomous weapon system 
     under Department of Defense Directive 3000.09.
       (4) Hallucination.--The term ``hallucination'' means an 
     output produced by an artificial intelligence system that 
     contains factually incorrect or wholly fabricated 
     information, including information that a person may find 
     convincing or credible.
       (5) Quality of data.--The term ``quality of data'' 
     includes--
       (A) the accuracy of data labeling;
       (B) the condition of the data, including an completeness;
       (C) the accuracy of data indexing;
       (D) the suitability of the data for the intended task;
       (E) the freedom of the data from unintended bias; and
       (F) variance in quality of all training across all data 
     used to train an artificial intelligence system.
                                 ______