[Congressional Record Volume 172, Number 72 (Thursday, April 23, 2026)]
[House]
[Pages H3073-H3077]
From the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]




            HARNESSING ENERGY AT THERMAL SOURCES ACT OF 2026

  Mr. WESTERMAN. Mr. Speaker, pursuant to House Resolution 1189, I call 
up the bill (H.R. 5587) to amend the Geothermal Steam Act of 1970 to 
waive the requirement for a Federal drilling permit for certain 
activities, to exempt certain activities from the requirements of the 
National Environmental Policy Act of 1969, and for other purposes, and 
ask for its immediate consideration in the House.
  The Clerk read the title of the bill.
  The SPEAKER pro tempore. Pursuant to House Resolution 1189, the 
amendment in the nature of a substitute recommended by the Committee on 
Natural Resources, printed in the bill, is adopted and the bill, as 
amended, is considered read.
  The text of the bill, as amended, is as follows:

                               H.R. 5587

       Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of 
     the United States of America in Congress assembled,

     SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

       This Act may be cited as the ``Harnessing Energy At Thermal 
     Sources Act of 2026'' or the ``HEATS Act''.

     SEC. 2. NO FEDERAL PERMIT REQUIRED FOR GEOTHERMAL ACTIVITIES 
                   ON CERTAIN LAND.

       The Geothermal Steam Act of 1970 (30 U.S.C. 1001 et seq.) 
     is amended by adding at the end the following:

     ``SEC. 30. NO FEDERAL PERMIT REQUIRED FOR GEOTHERMAL 
                   ACTIVITIES ON CERTAIN LAND.

       ``(a) In General.--The Secretary shall not require an 
     operator to obtain a Federal drilling permit for geothermal 
     exploration and production activities conducted on a non-
     Federal surface estate, provided that--
       ``(1) the United States holds an ownership interest of less 
     than 50 percent of the subsurface geothermal estate to be 
     accessed by the proposed action; and
       ``(2) the operator submits to the Secretary a State permit 
     to conduct geothermal exploration and production activities 
     on the non-Federal surface estate.
       ``(b) No Federal Action.--A geothermal exploration and 
     production activity carried out under subsection (a)--
       ``(1) shall not be considered a major Federal action for 
     the purposes of section 102(2)(C) of the National 
     Environmental Policy Act of 1969;
       ``(2) shall require no additional Federal action;
       ``(3) may commence 30 days after submission of the State 
     permit to the Secretary;
       ``(4) shall not be subject to section 7 of the Endangered 
     Species Act of 1973; and
       ``(5) shall only be considered an undertaking under 
     division A of subtitle III of title 54, United States Code 
     (commonly referred to as the `National Historic Preservation 
     Act'), if, with respect to the State in which the activity 
     occurs, there is no State law in effect that addresses the 
     preservation of historic properties in such State.
       ``(c) Royalties and Production Accountability.--(1) Nothing 
     in this section shall affect the amount of royalties due to 
     the United States under this Act from the production of 
     electricity using geothermal resources (other than direct use 
     of geothermal resources) or the production of any byproducts.
       ``(2) The Secretary may conduct onsite reviews and 
     inspections to ensure proper accountability, measurement, and 
     reporting of the production described in subsection (a), and 
     payment of royalties.
       ``(d) Exceptions.--This section shall not apply to actions 
     on Indian lands or resources managed in trust for the benefit 
     of Indian Tribes.
       ``(e) Indian Land.--In this section, the term `Indian land' 
     means--
       ``(1) any land located within the boundaries of an Indian 
     reservation, pueblo, or rancheria; and
       ``(2) any land not located within the boundaries of an 
     Indian reservation, pueblo, or rancheria, the title to which 
     is held--
       ``(A) in trust by the United States for the benefit of an 
     Indian tribe or an individual Indian;
       ``(B) by an Indian tribe or an individual Indian, subject 
     to restriction against alienation under laws of the United 
     States; or
       ``(C) by a dependent Indian community.''.

  The SPEAKER pro tempore. The bill, as amended, shall be debatable for 
1 hour equally divided and controlled by the chair and ranking minority 
member of the Committee on Natural Resources or their respective 
designees.
  The gentleman from Arkansas (Mr. Westerman) and the gentlewoman from 
Arizona (Ms. Ansari) each will control 30 minutes.
  The Chair now recognizes the gentleman from Arkansas (Mr. Westerman).

[[Page H3074]]

  



                             General Leave

  Mr. WESTERMAN. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent that all Members 
may have 5 legislative days to revise and extend their remarks and to 
include extraneous material on H.R. 5587.
  The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there objection to the request of the 
gentleman from Arkansas?
  There was no objection.
  Mr. WESTERMAN. Mr. Speaker, I yield myself such time as I may 
consume.
  Mr. Speaker, I rise today in support of H.R. 5587, the Harnessing 
Energy At Thermal Sources Act, or the HEATS Act.
  This is an important bill to help add to the energy needs that our 
country has. We can do that very responsibly. We can do it in a smarter 
and more proactive way.
  I thank Representative Young Kim for being a leader on this issue and 
working with our committee to bring this bipartisan legislation to the 
floor.
  H.R. 5587, the HEATS Act, is a commonsense bill that would expedite 
the development of geothermal energy on non-Federal surface lands where 
the Federal subsurface estate is less than 50 percent.
  Currently, geothermal operators on non-Federal land are required to 
undergo a full Federal permitting process under the National 
Environmental Policy Act, the Endangered Species Act, and the National 
Historic Preservation Act if they intersect any quantity of Federal 
subsurface resources, even if the Federal mineral interest is 
minuscule.
  This process creates unnecessary delays for geothermal energy project 
developers, who must already comply with rigorous State-level 
permitting requirements.
  H.R. 5587 would address this issue by alleviating the need for the 
Bureau of Land Management to issue permits for geothermal wells on 
State and private lands where the Federal Government holds an ownership 
interest of less than 50 percent of the subsurface geothermal estate.
  Crucially, this bill upholds strong environmental standards by 
stipulating that Federal requirements may only be waived if operators 
receive drilling permits and comply with historic preservation laws on 
the State level.
  Notably, the bill would not impact the royalties paid to the Federal 
Government. Therefore, it will not reduce the Federal revenues 
generated by geothermal production. In fact, this legislation would 
actually increase Federal revenues by reducing the administrative 
responsibilities of Federal agencies and expediting the permitting 
process so that we can build more geothermal energy projects and do 
more development in that area.
  I want to emphasize the importance of this legislation. Again, energy 
demand is skyrocketing, and geothermal energy stands ready to meet the 
moment and bring gigawatts of new baseload power online.
  Out West, the Great Basin region encompasses swaths of California, 
Oregon, Utah, and most of Nevada. According to a recent study from the 
U.S. Geological Survey, this region alone hosts approximately 135 
gigawatts of geothermal potential.
  To unleash geothermal energy's full potential, we must cut 
unnecessary red tape holding back key projects on these lands. By 
reducing duplicative Federal requirements on State and private lands, 
this bill will give developers the regulatory certainty needed to spur 
greater investment in geothermal exploration and production.
  Mr. Speaker, again, this is an opportunity to do something proactive, 
something that is common sense, and something that I think we can all 
be proud of in the future. I urge my colleagues to join me in 
supporting this bill, and I reserve the balance of my time.
  Ms. ANSARI. Mr. Speaker, I yield myself such time as I may consume.
  My constituents and Americans across the country are struggling under 
the rising costs of gas, groceries, and electricity from President 
Trump's tariffs and endless wars. We should be spending our time 
finding ways to lower costs for families. Instead, we are moving on 
legislation that is just another chapter in the Republican playbook to 
gut commonsense safeguards for energy development.
  I am a strong supporter of geothermal energy. Geothermal is a clean, 
reliable, affordable, and abundant form of electricity. Unfortunately, 
I have to oppose H.R. 5587, the HEATS Act, on the floor today.
  This is a complex issue. The bill waives the requirement for a 
Federal drilling permit if a project starts on private or State lands 
and then drills underground into Federal lands, provided the total 
project is made up of less than 50 percent Federal subsurface land.
  The bill says these projects don't need to do any analysis under the 
National Environmental Policy Act, or NEPA. They don't need to comply 
with the Endangered Species Act. They don't need to comply with the 
National Historic Preservation Act so long as the State has any law 
that vaguely ``addresses the preservation of historic properties.''
  The majority says that this is about reducing duplicative reviews, 
but I see it as an irresponsible waiver of the Federal Government's 
obligation to steward our Federal resources.
  In practice, this means that in areas where the Federal Government 
owns the underground mineral rights but a rancher owns the surface 
rights to graze their cattle, or a farmer to grow their crops, 
underground development could take place without that landowner 
even knowing and without sufficient protections in place.

  The permit to drill process is the process surface landowners use to 
work with developers to make sure their lands and resources, like 
groundwater they depend on for their wells or springs, are protected 
when developers are drilling into Federal minerals.
  We are not talking about developers just tapping into a few feet of 
underground Federal lands. Geothermal wells can extend horizontally for 
kilometers.
  While geothermal energy is exponentially safer than oil and gas 
development, that doesn't mean that developers should just skip their 
environmental reviews altogether.
  Landowners and communities have the right to provide input into how 
public lands are developed, whether that development is on the surface 
of the land or below it.
  Again, I am a strong supporter of geothermal energy. It provides 24/7 
carbon-free energy and creates good jobs in the clean energy economy.
  For decades, geothermal energy was confined to naturally occurring 
hot water reservoirs, but recent technological breakthroughs have 
created next-generation geothermal systems that can be deployed in a 
wide range of conditions at competitive prices.
  At this rate of innovation, low-cost, next-generation geothermal 
could soon be possible all across the country, not in decades but in 
the next few years.
  This could be truly transformational for our energy system. Paired 
with wind and solar, geothermal can help us break free from fossil 
fuels and build a reliable, homegrown energy system that we need to 
fight climate change and tackle the affordability crisis.
  I have a bill, the Geothermal Gold Book Development Act, that is part 
of the package of six bills, three from Democrats and three from 
Republicans, that the Natural Resources Committee passed out of 
committee by unanimous consent.
  These bills, including my own, would all help make permitting easier 
for geothermal through commonsense ways like increased coordination at 
BLM field offices, cost-recovery authority, and some categorical 
exclusions that already exist for oil and gas development on previously 
disturbed lands.
  Those are the kinds of things that we should focus on that will 
actually help move the needle on projects.

                              {time}  0930

  I have heard arguments that we should provide these waivers so that 
the Bureau of Land Management's limited staff can focus on bigger 
problems. I agree that staff in BLM field offices are overworked and 
understaffed.
  However, let's be honest about the situation. The Bureau of Land 
Management doesn't have enough staff because the President continues to 
try to zero out the budget for renewable energy, and former 
Presidential aide Elon Musk kicked off across-the-board staff cuts.
  You cannot break the system, then blame the broken system as your 
excuse to waive the law. When we waive

[[Page H3075]]

those Federal review obligations, we end up relying on a patchwork of 
State laws.
  Under State laws, what happens to the government-to-government 
consultation responsibilities required by the National Historic 
Preservation Act or federally protected endangered species? What if a 
State doesn't provide opportunities for public input or even public 
notice?
  Again, I strongly support geothermal energy development on our 
Federal lands. It is a very promising and growing source of energy. But 
instead of spending floor time on geothermal legislation that everyone 
supports and could help stop skyrocketing electricity bills, we are 
debating a bill to solve a problem that may not even be a burden on the 
industry.
  I am happy to continue to work across the aisle to advance geothermal 
legislation, but, unfortunately, I must oppose this legislation.
  Mr. Speaker, I reserve the balance of my time.
  Mr. WESTERMAN. Mr. Speaker, I yield myself such time as I may 
consume.
  Mr. Speaker, there are a lot of similarities on both sides of the 
aisle, but there is a big difference. The similarities are that I think 
both sides of the aisle support geothermal energy. It is similar that 
we talk about inflation and high costs and how that affects Americans.
  The difference is, on this side of the aisle we actually pass 
policies that will help those things. On the other side of the aisle, 
they vote against those policies.
  We talk about the high cost of living. Republicans voted to give 
Americans a huge tax cut last year. All the Democrats voted against it.
  We talk about high healthcare costs. Republicans voted to send $50 
billion to help with rural healthcare. All Democrats voted against it.
  Today, we are talking about geothermal energy and the opportunities 
that are there. We have an opportunity to help make that happen more. 
Republicans are supporting it. I believe some Democrats will actually 
support this legislation, but there is a difference between saying you 
want something to happen and actually voting to make it happen.
  I yield such time as she may consume to the gentlewoman from 
California (Mrs. Kim), and I thank her for her work on geothermal 
energy.
  Mrs. KIM. Mr. Speaker, I thank the chairman for yielding, and I rise 
in support of my bill, H.R. 5587, the Harnessing Energy At Thermal 
Sources Act or the HEATS Act.
  Republicans ran on a simple promise: to unleash American energy 
dominance and lower prices for families. The HEATS Act delivers on 
those commitments.
  Geothermal energy is a powerful domestic energy source that can 
generate electricity and heat homes and buildings without relying on 
foreign adversaries or suppliers.
  America has enormous geothermal resources sitting right beneath our 
feet. My State of California has some of the richest geothermal 
reserves in the world, but burdensome permitting requirements are 
keeping that energy locked away.
  The HEATS Act fixes that by cutting red tape and waiving Federal 
drilling permit requirements for geothermal wells on State and local 
lands. Operators will still go through a rigorous State-level 
permitting process, but they will no longer be subjected to duplicative 
Federal requirements that slow production, raise costs, and kill jobs.
  This means more American energy coming online faster, lower energy 
costs for working families, and a stronger domestic supply chain that 
doesn't depend on adversaries like China.
  H.R. 5587 is a commonsense, progrowth measure that lowers energy 
costs and strengthens our national security.
  I thank Representative Gray for working with me and co-leading this 
effort. I also thank Chairman Bruce Westerman for his work to 
accelerate geothermal production and advance American energy 
independence.
  Mr. Speaker, I urge my colleagues to support the HEATS Act.
  Ms. ANSARI. Mr. Speaker, I yield such time as he may consume to the 
gentleman from California (Mr. Huffman).
  Mr. HUFFMAN. Mr. Speaker, in the spirit of geothermal energy, we are 
sure hearing a lot of hot air from the other side with this fantastical 
narrative that Republicans, I guess, are now lowering costs and saving 
healthcare.
  The American people can decide whether they want to believe those 
whoppers, but today it is at least refreshing to see our colleagues 
across the aisle tiptoeing back in the direction of this all-of-the-
above energy policy that they always swore they supported. Yet, for the 
past year-plus they have been cheerleaders for Donald Trump's insane 
war on clean energy that is trying to destroy an entire sector, to 
surrender American leadership to China and others, and drive up utility 
bills for the American people.
  Nevertheless, I welcome the fact that we are talking today about 
geothermal energy. Like the gentlewoman from Arizona, the ranking 
member, I like geothermal energy a lot. This is something that we 
should be working on together in a bipartisan way. I represent the 
largest geothermal energy plant in America in my district, and I am 
proud of it. I want to see more of it.

  Good geothermal energy projects can move forward with bipartisan 
support and with very expeditious permitting, but good geothermal 
energy projects don't need the kind of sweeping waiver that is proposed 
in this legislation, which simply misses the mark.
  Let's talk about that. Under this bill, a geothermal project would no 
longer require a Federal drilling permit if it is on land where the 
surface is not federally owned, but the subsurface is significantly, up 
to 50 percent of the acreage.
  While this may sound innocuous--oh, it is just subsurface; it is 
below what we can see with our eyes--without a Federal permit, the core 
safeguards for development affecting Federal resources would totally 
disappear. That includes protections under the National Environmental 
Policy Act, the National Historic Preservation Act, and the Endangered 
Species Act.
  All of it would be waived for geothermal exploration, development, 
and the production activities that would be covered under this bill. 
That goes entirely too far. It is bad news for Tribes, communities, and 
property owners on the ground. Again, good projects don't need this 
kind of sweeping free pass from environmental review.
  Under the circumstances laid out in this bill, all Federal oversight 
goes away, along with public input and consultation requirements, and 
that includes Tribal consultation. It takes away opportunities for 
public involvement that can make projects better. It takes away the 
convening process that brings Federal, Tribal, State, and local 
entities to the table so they can identify basic health and safety 
risks, flag concerns, and work through conflicts and impacts to protect 
the resources that are owned by the American people, even if they are 
below the ground, even if they are not something you can see with the 
naked eye.
  This public input and compliance with Federal laws, like NEPA and 
others, is essential to building a solid foundation for our clean 
energy future.
  We need these types of energy projects, but we need to do them right 
because, let's be clear, underground drilling can still have impacts 
above the ground, like sinking, subsidence, settlement of lands, 
earthquakes, and on other resources like groundwater.
  Geothermal development is a lot safer than oil and gas, but there 
still are some risks--it is not zero--and the public deserves the 
opportunity to engage.
  I will say that this bill is also playing games with percentages. The 
threshold is set at 50 percent Federal subsurface ownership, and that 
may sound trivial. It may sound reasonable, but even my rudimentary 
math skills tell me that 50 percent of a project that might be 2,000 
acres is 1,000 acres. That is a lot of land. That is a lot of potential 
impacts. It is not insignificant.
  Another alarming point about this bill, without a Federal drilling 
permit, it creates a gray area for underground injection control 
permits, which allow for the assessment of potential seismic activity. 
How could we not look at that?

[[Page H3076]]

  


                              {time}  0940

  These injection control permits aren't in our Natural Resources 
Committee's jurisdiction. This is something that I brought up in the 
markup. I urged the majority to consider working with the Energy and 
Commerce Committee to add clarifying language to make sure those 
permits would still be required. Unfortunately, the majority failed to 
address that concern.
  There is no clear opportunity to require bonds if this legislation 
passes that would otherwise need to happen because we are talking about 
Federal resources. What happens if there is a subsidence event within 
the Federal resource? States and property owners would be on the hook.
  We are talking about publicly owned resources here, even if you can't 
see them, and the Federal Government has an obligation to steward them 
responsibly.
  The last thing I will emphasize is that this bill is clearly not just 
about geothermal energy. This is the proverbial camel's nose under the 
tent. The oil and gas industry has been trying to get this same policy, 
this same broad waiver, for subsurface Federal lands for years.
  This is a precedent we should not set. Mark my words: If this 
legislation advances before this sputtering Congress comes to an end 
later this year, you will see another bill where the oil and gas 
industry is seeking the same treatment.
  To deploy clean energy, we don't need to create shortcuts and 
exemptions from oversight. What we need is to fully fund our agencies 
so that they can have the capacity for thorough, efficient, and timely 
reviews. I would be happy to work with my colleagues across the aisle 
to advance responsible and well-balanced geothermal and other renewable 
energy development on Federal lands, but I have to urge my colleagues 
to vote ``no'' on this poorly drafted legislation.
  Mr. WESTERMAN. Mr. Speaker, I yield myself such time as I may 
consume.
  Mr. Speaker, I have to ask the question: What is well balanced and 
what is fair about requiring a duplicative process? It is almost, from 
the minority's testimony, like there is no permitting that will happen. 
We are talking about a well that is drilled on State or private 
property close to Federal property. The surface disturbance is all on 
the State or private property. They have to go through the State 
permitting process, which is very rigorous. It is looking at the same 
things the Federal permitting process looks at.
  The argument not to pass this bill is that we want to put on a belt 
and suspenders. We want to make the developers go through the total 
duplicative process because the underground well that is thousands of 
feet below ground would be receiving thermal energy that is under the 
Federal estate and all of the historical preservation, all the NEPA, 
all the ESA, that has been looked at under the State permitting 
process.
  Again, the surface disturbance would not be on Federal land. You are 
only talking about the migration of thermal energy thousands of feet 
below ground, and we are saying it is reasonable and fair and a good 
process to make a developer go through double permitting and opening up 
Pandora's box for people who, for whatever reason, don't like 
geothermal energy will have all these Federal statutes and the broken 
permitting process to stop geothermal energy projects.
  If we are serious about producing more energy for this country, if we 
are serious about being energy independent, if we are serious about 
developing energy sources like geothermal energy, then this is a 
pragmatic, proactive way to make that happen. It removes duplicity, and 
it makes the process make sense.
  Mr. Speaker, I am prepared to close, and I reserve the balance of my 
time.
  Ms. ANSARI. Mr. Speaker, I yield myself the balance of my time.
  Mr. Speaker, in closing, even good energy sources need good 
permitting policy. I am a strong supporter of geothermal energy, but 
the HEATS Act could undermine the on-the-ground support and good 
environmental track record geothermal currently enjoys.
  The HEATS Act empowers one set of landowners at the expense of their 
neighbors. This bill allows developers to skip Federal permitting when 
drilling from their property into federally owned subsurface minerals 
which often sit under a neighbor's private property.
  The Federal permit process gives surface landowners who happen to 
live above Federal minerals a say in what happens beneath their homes. 
What happens underground doesn't always stay underground. Drilling can 
cause earthquakes and sinkholes or accidentally contaminate drinking or 
irrigation water.
  State laws do not always require the same protections for surface 
landowners, especially if they are not the ones doing the drilling. 
Without a Federal drilling permit, the Federal Government can't require 
financial assurances from developers to cover the costs of cleanup if 
surface damages do happen. That means landowners or Federal taxpayers 
will be on the hook to pay for the cleanup.
  This bill would eliminate real, meaningful protections for 
landowners, not just red tape.
  I am disappointed that this is the bill that the majority has chosen 
to bring to the House floor rather than the bipartisan package of real, 
commonsense permitting solutions for geothermal that the Natural 
Resources Committee unanimously supported.
  That package includes my own Geothermal Gold Book Development Act to 
standardized best permitting practices across the Bureau of Land 
Management to responsibly speed up geothermal development. I hope to 
keep working across the aisle to advance geothermal energy, but this 
particular bill is a step in the wrong direction.
  Mr. Speaker, I urge adoption, and I yield back the balance of my 
time.
  Mr. WESTERMAN. Mr. Speaker, I yield myself the balance of my time.
  Mr. Speaker, in closing, again, I urge my colleagues to support H.R. 
5587. These reforms will both streamline the permitting process for 
geothermal energy projects and reduce agency workloads, which will 
allow BLM to focus on projects that actually have a majority Federal 
nexus.
  States, as I have already mentioned, have robust requirements in 
regulations for developing energy resources within their borders, so 
eliminating duplicative Federal-level bureaucracy will help stop the 
things that are impeding geothermal energy development. This quite 
simply is just common sense.
  Accelerating geothermal energy production and deployment is a win for 
our economy, a win for national security, and a win for American energy 
dominance.
  On this floor today and not too much longer, we are going to have an 
opportunity to vote for American energy, for American workers, for 
common sense, and for doing the right things. I have heard many times: 
I support this, but . . . There is always a but--but what about this or 
what about that. Today is an opportunity to actually vote for something 
good.
  Mr. Speaker, I urge my colleagues to support this good bill, and I 
yield back the balance of my time.
  The SPEAKER pro tempore. All time for debate has expired.
  Pursuant to House Resolution 1189, the previous question is ordered 
on the bill, as amended.
  The question is on the engrossment and third reading of the bill.
  The bill was ordered to be engrossed and read a third time, and was 
read the third time.
  The SPEAKER pro tempore. The question is on passage of the bill.
  The question was taken; and the Speaker pro tempore announced that 
the ayes appeared to have it.
  Ms. ANSARI. Mr. Speaker, on that I demand the yeas and nays.
  The yeas and nays were ordered.
  The vote was taken by electronic device, and there were--yeas 231, 
nays 186, not voting 12, as follows:

                             [Roll No. 137]

                               YEAS--231

     Aderholt
     Alford
     Allen
     Amodei (NV)
     Arrington
     Babin
     Bacon
     Baird
     Balderson
     Barr
     Barrett
     Baumgartner
     Bean (FL)
     Begich
     Bentz
     Bergman
     Bice
     Biggs (AZ)
     Biggs (SC)
     Bilirakis
     Boebert
     Bost
     Brecheen
     Bresnahan
     Buchanan
     Budzinski
     Burchett
     Burlison
     Calvert
     Cammack
     Carey
     Carter (GA)
     Carter (TX)
     Ciscomani
     Cline
     Cloud
     Clyde
     Cole
     Collins
     Comer
     Correa
     Costa

[[Page H3077]]


     Crane
     Crank
     Crawford
     Cuellar
     Davidson
     Davis (NC)
     DesJarlais
     Diaz-Balart
     Donalds
     Downing
     Edwards
     Ellzey
     Emmer
     Estes
     Evans (CO)
     Ezell
     Fallon
     Fedorchak
     Feenstra
     Fine
     Finstad
     Fischbach
     Fitzgerald
     Fitzpatrick
     Fleischmann
     Flood
     Fong
     Foxx
     Franklin, Scott
     Fry
     Fulcher
     Fuller
     Garbarino
     Gill (TX)
     Gillen
     Gimenez
     Golden (ME)
     Goldman (TX)
     Gonzalez, V.
     Gooden
     Goodlander
     Gosar
     Gottheimer
     Graves
     Gray
     Griffith
     Grothman
     Guest
     Guthrie
     Hageman
     Hamadeh (AZ)
     Harder (CA)
     Haridopolos
     Harrigan
     Harris (MD)
     Harris (NC)
     Harshbarger
     Hern (OK)
     Higgins (LA)
     Hill (AR)
     Himes
     Hinson
     Houchin
     Hoyer
     Hudson
     Huizenga
     Hunt
     Hurd (CO)
     Issa
     Jack
     Jackson (TX)
     James
     Johnson (SD)
     Jordan
     Joyce (OH)
     Joyce (PA)
     Kelly (MS)
     Kelly (PA)
     Kennedy (UT)
     Kiggans (VA)
     Kiley (CA)
     Kim
     Knott
     Kustoff
     LaHood
     LaLota
     Langworthy
     Latta
     Lawler
     Lee (FL)
     Letlow
     Loudermilk
     Lucas
     Luttrell
     Mackenzie
     Malliotakis
     Maloy
     Mann
     Massie
     Mast
     McCaul
     McClain
     McClintock
     McCormick
     McDonald Rivet
     McDowell
     McGuire
     Messmer
     Meuser
     Miller (IL)
     Miller (OH)
     Miller (WV)
     Miller-Meeks
     Mills
     Moolenaar
     Moore (AL)
     Moore (NC)
     Moore (UT)
     Moore (WV)
     Moran
     Moulton
     Murphy
     Nehls
     Newhouse
     Norman
     Nunn (IA)
     Obernolte
     Ogles
     Onder
     Owens
     Palmer
     Panetta
     Pappas
     Patronis
     Perez
     Perry
     Pfluger
     Reschenthaler
     Riley (NY)
     Rogers (AL)
     Rogers (KY)
     Rose
     Rouzer
     Roy
     Rulli
     Rutherford
     Salazar
     Scalise
     Schmidt
     Schweikert
     Scott, Austin
     Self
     Sessions
     Shreve
     Simpson
     Smith (MO)
     Smith (NE)
     Smith (NJ)
     Smucker
     Spartz
     Stauber
     Steil
     Steube
     Strong
     Stutzman
     Taylor
     Tenney
     Thompson (PA)
     Tiffany
     Timmons
     Turner (OH)
     Valadao
     Van Drew
     Van Duyne
     Van Epps
     Van Orden
     Vasquez
     Vindman
     Wagner
     Walberg
     Weber (TX)
     Webster (FL)
     Westerman
     Wied
     Wilson (SC)
     Wittman
     Womack
     Yakym
     Zinke

                               NAYS--186

     Adams
     Aguilar
     Amo
     Ansari
     Auchincloss
     Balint
     Barragan
     Beatty
     Bell
     Bera
     Beyer
     Bishop
     Bonamici
     Boyle (PA)
     Brown
     Bynum
     Carbajal
     Carson
     Carter (LA)
     Casar
     Case
     Casten
     Castor (FL)
     Castro (TX)
     Chu
     Cisneros
     Clark (MA)
     Clarke (NY)
     Cleaver
     Clyburn
     Cohen
     Conaway
     Courtney
     Craig
     Crockett
     Crow
     Davids (KS)
     Davis (IL)
     Dean (PA)
     DeGette
     DeLauro
     DelBene
     Deluzio
     DeSaulnier
     Dexter
     Dingell
     Doggett
     Elfreth
     Escobar
     Espaillat
     Evans (PA)
     Fields
     Figures
     Fletcher
     Foster
     Foushee
     Frankel, Lois
     Friedman
     Frost
     Garamendi
     Garcia (CA)
     Garcia (IL)
     Gomez
     Green, Al (TX)
     Grijalva
     Hayes
     Horsford
     Houlahan
     Hoyle (OR)
     Huffman
     Ivey
     Jackson (IL)
     Jacobs
     Jayapal
     Jeffries
     Johnson (GA)
     Johnson (TX)
     Kamlager-Dove
     Kaptur
     Keating
     Kelly (IL)
     Kennedy (NY)
     Khanna
     Krishnamoorthi
     Landsman
     Larsen (WA)
     Larson (CT)
     Latimer
     Lee (NV)
     Lee (PA)
     Leger Fernandez
     Levin
     Liccardo
     Lieu
     Lofgren
     Lynch
     Magaziner
     Mannion
     Matsui
     McBath
     McBride
     McClain Delaney
     McClellan
     McCollum
     McGarvey
     McGovern
     McIver
     Meeks
     Mejia
     Menefee
     Menendez
     Meng
     Mfume
     Min
     Moore (WI)
     Morelle
     Morrison
     Moskowitz
     Mrvan
     Mullin
     Nadler
     Neal
     Neguse
     Norcross
     Ocasio-Cortez
     Olszewski
     Omar
     Pallone
     Pelosi
     Peters
     Pettersen
     Pingree
     Pocan
     Pou
     Pressley
     Quigley
     Ramirez
     Randall
     Raskin
     Rivas
     Ross
     Ruiz
     Ryan
     Salinas
     Sanchez
     Scanlon
     Schakowsky
     Schneider
     Scholten
     Schrier
     Scott (VA)
     Sewell
     Sherman
     Simon
     Smith (WA)
     Sorensen
     Soto
     Stansbury
     Stanton
     Stevens
     Strickland
     Subramanyam
     Suozzi
     Sykes
     Takano
     Thanedar
     Thompson (CA)
     Thompson (MS)
     Titus
     Tlaib
     Tokuda
     Tonko
     Torres (CA)
     Torres (NY)
     Trahan
     Tran
     Underwood
     Vargas
     Veasey
     Velazquez
     Walkinshaw
     Wasserman Schultz
     Waters
     Watson Coleman
     Whitesides
     Williams (GA)

                             NOT VOTING--12

     Brownley
     Crenshaw
     De La Cruz
     Dunn (FL)
     Garcia (TX)
     Goldman (NY)
     Kean
     Luna
     Mace
     Stefanik
     Williams (TX)
     Wilson (FL)

                              {time}  1032

  Mr. LEVIN changed his vote from ``yea'' to ``nay.''
  Mr. GOTTHEIMER changed his vote from ``nay'' to ``yea.''
  So the bill was passed.
  The result of the vote was announced as above recorded.
  A motion to reconsider was laid on the table.
  Stated for:
  Mr. WILLIAMS of Texas. Mr. Speaker, due to illness, I was unable to 
vote on H.R. 5587. Had I been present, I would have voted YEA on Roll 
Call No. 137.
  Stated against:
  Ms. GARCIA of Texas. Mr. Speaker, I was unable to vote during the 
vote series today. Had I been able to vote, I would have voted NAY on 
Roll Call No. 137, Passage of H.R. 5587--HEATS Act of 2026.
  Mr. GOLDMAN of New York. Mr. Speaker, I was unable to vote today due 
to a commitment in my Congressional district. Had I been present, I 
would have voted NAY on Roll Call No. 137.

                          ____________________