[Congressional Record Volume 172, Number 71 (Wednesday, April 22, 2026)]
[Senate]
[Pages S1867-S1888]
From the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]




                          LEGISLATIVE SESSION

                                 ______
                                 

SETTING FORTH THE CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET FOR THE UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT 
FOR FISCAL YEAR 2026 AND SETTING FORTH THE APPROPRIATE BUDGETARY LEVELS 
              FOR FISCAL YEARS 2027 THROUGH 2035--Resumed

  The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tempore. Under the previous order, the 
Senate will resume consideration of S. Con. Res. 33, which the clerk 
will report.
  The senior assistant legislative clerk read as follows:

       A concurrent resolution (S. Con. Res. 33) setting forth the 
     congressional budget for the United States Government for 
     fiscal year 2026 and setting forth the appropriate budgetary 
     levels for fiscal years 2027 through 2035.


                   Recognition of the Majority Leader

  The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tempore. The majority leader is recognized.


                            S. Con. Res. 33

  Mr. THUNE. Mr. President, yesterday, Republicans moved to begin 
consideration of a budget resolution to fund law enforcement--Border 
Patrol and Immigration and Customs Enforcement--at the Department of 
Homeland Security.
  We have a multistep process ahead of us, but at the end, Republicans 
will have helped ensure that America's borders are secure and prevented 
Democrats from defunding these important Agencies.
  Bear in mind, that is exactly what Democrats are trying to do here. 
You remember the cry to ``defund the police''? Well, it is back. 
Democrats want to defund law enforcement, defund border security, and 
effectively reopen America's borders to the flood of illegal 
immigration and criminal activity we saw under the Biden 
administration.
  We have always seen what happens when Democrats embrace open borders. 
Almost exactly 5 years ago, I was at the southern border with a number 
of my Republican colleagues. And at the same time, just 2 months into 
the Biden administration, the signs of crisis were already present.
  That March, Border Patrol apprehended more illegal immigrants than it 
had in a single month in 15 years. Nearly 19,000 unaccompanied children 
crossed the southern border that month.
  And under the Biden administration, thousands of children were placed 
with unvetted sponsors or turned up missing or unaccounted for or 
worse.
  As we saw on that visit, Border Patrol was overwhelmed. One facility 
that we visited was at 16 times its allotted capacity, and agents were 
being pulled off the border to deal with the influx of immigrants, 
leaving border security operations understaffed.
  All of this, as I said, was just 2 months into the Biden 
administration.
  Now, I wish I could say that that is as bad as it got, but 
unfortunately the situation continued to get worse. Over the next few 
years, we saw the number

[[Page S1868]]

of illegal crossings climb to hundreds of thousands per month, and the 
Biden administration's catch-and-release policies allowed millions of 
those individuals to take up residence in our country.
  Numerous cities, including many blue cities far from the border like 
Denver, Chicago, Boston, were overwhelmed with the influx of migrants.
  Amid the surge of illegal immigration, the United Nations named the 
United States-Mexico border the deadliest border crossing in the world 
as hundreds of immigrants died making the journey through the desert 
across the Rio Grande.

  Meanwhile, the cartels got rich.
  A New York Times headline in 2022 read: ``Smuggling Migrants at the 
Border Now a Billion-Dollar Business.''
  And illegal drugs made their way across the border to every corner of 
America.
  The sheriff where I live in Minnehaha, County, SD, said in 2022:

       Whatever your thoughts are on immigration, I will tell you 
     that the fact that our southern border is not secure is 
     allowing this poison to come into our communities at a level 
     that we've never seen before.

  And we all remember the tragic instances of illegal immigrants 
murdering American citizens. The lives of young women like Laken Riley 
were taken by illegal immigrants who came into our country during the 
Biden administration.
  We had a crisis on our hands at the border and in our communities 
from the earliest days of the Biden administration. And Democrats? 
Democrats just ignored it.
  It wasn't until 2024--by no coincidence, an election year--that 
Democrats decided it might be a good idea to at least show some 
interest in border security.
  Leader Schumer finally conceded that year:

       Most people agree the status quo cannot continue. Our 
     southern border is in desperate need of more resources.

  That was the Democrat leader just 2 years ago.

       Our southern border is in desperate need of more resources.

  Well, no more. Democrats are back to their cry to defund law 
enforcement. That is right.
  Two years ago, Leader Schumer said the southern border was in 
``desperate need of more resources.'' Now he refuses to give any--any--
resources to the southern border.
  I have to say, as bad as things got under President Biden, at least 
we had Border Patrol. Now Democrats seem to think we can do without 
them. They refuse to fund Border Patrol, the very Agency that is tasked 
with securing the southern border. They want to defund it.
  They refuse to fund Immigration and Customs Enforcement. They are 
apparently willing to leave our law enforcement unfunded and our border 
unprotected. You would think Democrats would have learned their lesson 
from embracing the ``abolish ICE'' and ``defund the police'' crowds.
  These kinds of radical positions are exactly why Americans elected 
Republicans in 2024. But if Democrats want to continue to embrace being 
the party of ``defund the police'' and open borders, they can do that.
  Republicans are going to do the job that the American people elected 
us to do, and one of the most basic parts of that job is funding the 
government--the entire government--and securing our borders.
  And so as I said, Republicans are moving forward with a budget 
resolution that will allow us to fund critical functions that Democrats 
refuse to support: law enforcement, drug interdiction, border security, 
protecting children--both our own and the unaccompanied minors who 
suffer human trafficking and worse under Democrats' open border 
policies.
  And to prevent Democrats from deciding that they want to defund law 
enforcement again in September, we are going to fund these critical 
functions for the next 3 years. I would love to think that at least 
some Democrats would rethink their defund law enforcement posture and 
join us to fund these priorities.
  But the party of the Biden border crisis seems still determined to 
opt for open borders.
  I yield the floor.
  I suggest the absence of a quorum.
  The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tempore. The clerk will call the roll.
  The senior assistant legislative clerk proceeded to call the roll.
  Mr. SCHUMER. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that the order 
for the quorum call be rescinded.
  The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tempore. Without objection, it is so 
ordered.


                   Recognition of the Minority Leader

  The Democratic leader is recognized.


                            S. Con. Res. 33

  Mr. SCHUMER. Mr. President, yesterday, Senate Republicans put forward 
their budget resolution for its first procedural vote. The contents of 
their budget resolution are astounding.
  Mr. President, $140 billion for ICE and Border Patrol, zero dollars 
to lower Americans' costs. This will be a reconciliation of contrasts: 
Republicans want to shell out billions of dollars to Donald Trump's 
private army without any commonsense reforms or restraints.
  Democrats want to put money in Americans' pockets by lowering the 
costs of healthcare and gas and groceries, housing, and so much else.
  Republicans are bending the knee to Donald Trump and Stephen Miller. 
Democrats are standing up for the American people. Republicans want to 
keep shutting down TSA, FEMA, CISA, Coast Guard, and other crucial DHS 
Agencies. Democrats want to reopen all the law-abiding Agencies in the 
Department of Homeland Security.
  Republicans are at each other's throats, tying their party up in 
knots. Democrats stand united, and we stand firm. So this is a 
reconciliation of contrasts.
  Senate Democrats will make these contrasts abundantly clear, vote 
after vote, amendment after amendment, during the upcoming vote-arama. 
We are also making the contrast apparent off the floor. This week, we 
Democrats are releasing another ``Broken Promises'' report on how 
Republicans have taken a trillion dollars out of the healthcare system 
and ripped healthcare away from 15 million Americans all to give tax 
breaks to the billionaires.
  Republicans are about to learn the hard way that when they refuse to 
reduce costs, they lose. Republicans will find they cannot reconcile 
their deeply partisan, unpopular, and costly policies with the 
frustration Americans feel today.
  This will be a reconciliation of reckoning for Senate Republicans--a 
reconciliation of reckoning.


                                  Iran

  Mr. President, every day this disastrous war continues, Donald Trump 
digs himself deeper and deeper and deeper into a hole.
  The longer Trump takes to extricate himself from Iran, the deeper the 
hole gets and the harder it will be for him to get out.
  The Iranian regime that the United States is trying to negotiate with 
is even more hardline than when Trump began the war.
  Iran's hold over Hormuz has gotten even stronger. Iran maintains its 
economic stranglehold on the world, firing on more merchant ships in 
the Strait of Hormuz earlier today.
  So it is amazing. Before the war, the regime in Iran, bad as it was, 
was not as dug in as this one is, making it even harder to negotiate. 
Before the war, oil was flowing freely out of the Strait of Hormuz. Now 
it is all clogged up.
  Everything Trump did with this war has made things worse, and he 
keeps digging himself into this hole--deeper and deeper. The American 
people are fed up, seeing this war as reckless, as harmful, and as 
costly a misadventure as there has ever been.
  Trump's continued enthusiasm for the war makes me wonder: Has he 
somehow mixed up the graphs showing his crumbling approval ratings with 
those showing the soaring price of oil and gas? Let's sort it out for 
him.
  Trump's approval rating is at an alltime low. Only 33 percent approve 
of him in the most recent polls. Trump's approval on the economy is 
even lower, at 30 percent, in part because the price of oil and gas has 
gone up and up and up. Trump's standing in the eyes of the American 
people craters every day that this war continues.
  Meanwhile, gas has been over $4 a gallon for weeks, the highest it 
has been in years. Americans are going to pay at least $740 more this 
year to fill

[[Page S1869]]

up their tanks because of Trump's war. That is money that could have 
gone to other things: more groceries, furniture. Who knows? But it is 
now going into the hands of the oil merchants.
  Every day, we hear new promises from the Trump administration that 
victory has been achieved. Victory is just around the corner, he keeps 
saying. But when you look around the corner, that hasn't happened. 
Trump says peace is at hand; costs are starting to come down--both 
lies. And every day, we see the opposite.
  Trump can talk all he wants, but nothing will change--nothing--until 
he realizes his war has to end.
  While I am relieved that the cease-fire deadline has been extended, 
Congress needs to seize this opportunity to stop this blunder before 
the fighting resumes.
  I urge Senate Republicans to vote for our War Powers Resolution later 
today. That is their fifth opportunity to do so.
  Republicans, if Trump won't dig himself out of the hole he has dug, 
you, Republicans, should pull him out by voting for our War Powers 
Resolution today. If not, you, Republicans in the Senate, are going to 
fall into the same hole. You are already falling into it. But if you 
don't dig him out of the hole, you are going to fall into this hole, 
deeper and deeper, alongside him.
  I thank Senator Baldwin for her work on this resolution. Democrats 
will continue to force votes on our resolution every week, until 
Republicans see reason and help us end this war.
  They would be doing Donald Trump a favor. Republican Senators would 
be doing Donald Trump a favor by supporting this resolution. And every 
week Republicans wait to do so will cost their party politically and 
the American people financially.


                      Southern Poverty Law Center

  Mr. President, on the Southern Poverty Law Center, I just want to say 
a quick word about the deeply disturbing charges the Justice Department 
has brought against the Southern Poverty Law Center.
  These charges should send a chill down the spine of every American 
who cares about free expression and the rule of law in the Justice 
Department. It should send a chill down the spine of every American who 
cares about civil liberties and the fight against violence and 
extremism.
  Let's be clear what this case is really about. It has nothing to do 
with alleged wire fraud or the Southern Poverty Law Center somehow 
working in coordination with the KKK. That is ridiculous on its face. 
It doesn't pass the laugh test. It is about Donald Trump turning the 
Department of Justice into the ``Department of Vengeance,'' his own 
attack dog. He has done it time and time and time again. And when you 
think it can't get worse, it does: To attack the Southern Poverty Law 
Center of collaboration and accuse it of collaboration with their known 
enemy, the KKK?
  Weaponizing the DOJ to indict civil rights groups is not law and 
order. It is a message. If you defend voting rights, if you fight White 
supremacy, you are next. Donald Trump will use the Federal Government 
to go after any group that dares to speak out against him.
  This is amazing. In 1983, the Ku Klux Klan tried to burn down the 
Southern Poverty Law Center for daring to expose its hatred. More than 
four decades later, the Trump administration is trying to do the same 
thing in the courtroom. It is an absolute disgrace how far this 
administration goes down, turning what America is all about inside out.


                               Kash Patel

  Mr. President, on Patel, every day Kash Patel remains in this job is 
another day that undermines the FBI and its mission.
  Take yesterday's press conference. The head of the FBI, the Nation's 
top law enforcement officer, spent the entire time getting into fights 
with reporters about his alleged drunken behavior, his partying, his 
overall fitness for the job. This has become a dangerous, unacceptable 
distraction for the FBI, which has so much important work to do.
  Donald Trump has led us to war right now against Iran, a nation known 
for sophisticated cyber attacks. Why is Kash Patel not focused on that? 
Why is Kash Patel not focused on the serious threats facing this 
country?
  Every day that these stories of misconduct persist, they undermine 
the mission of the FBI. Every day that these questions about Patel, his 
behavior, his character linger, they weaken confidence in the 
leadership of one of the most important law enforcement agencies in the 
world.
  Kash Patel must resign immediately. He is not a serious person. He 
has not shown that he has the skills required for the job. And the last 
few days have shown he does not have the judgment to lead an Agency 
like the FBI.
  This is what happens when Trump just chooses acolytes--people who 
suck up to him--for important jobs. That shouldn't be any criteria in 
choosing the head of the FBI. But, instead, it seems to be Trump's only 
criteria, and it puts him in trouble. It puts him in the hot seat, in 
the frying pan, over and over again, by choosing people whose only 
criteria is loyalty to him.
  Americans deserve steady, sober leadership from their FBI Director, 
especially during a time of war. Kash Patel is not it. And if Kash 
Patel wants to keep partying, he can do it somewhere else, without 
putting the safety of the American people on the line.
  I yield the floor.
  Mr. President, I suggest the absence of a quorum.
  The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tempore. The clerk will call the roll.
  The senior assistant legislative clerk proceeded to call the roll.
  Mr. BARRASSO. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that the order 
for the quorum call be rescinded.
  The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tempore. Without objection, it is so 
ordered.


                            S. Con. Res. 33

  Mr. BARRASSO. Mr. President, let me begin with a message to the brave 
men and women of ICE and of Border Patrol. Republicans honor your 
unwavering service and sacrifice. You know that Democrats, through 
their words and actions here, do not.
  Many of you are veterans and served in the military. Many of you have 
families at home. You are the professionals who secure our Nation's 
borders. You are the heroes who risk your lives to keep our communities 
safe.
  Democrats have said you are the problem. You are not the problem. 
``Defund the police'' Democrats are the problem.
  Democrat Representative Ocasio-Cortez of New York said you are a 
``rogue Agency.'' Senator Schumer of New York has echoed those same 
words yesterday.
  You are not a rogue Agency. Today's Democrats are a rogue and radical 
party.
  You deserve better than reckless Democrat hostage-taking. That is 
what is going on here. You deserve the tools and the support from 
Congress necessary to carry out the vital mission that Congress has 
given you.
  This Nation depends upon you, and Republicans are going to deliver 
for you. That is what this debate is about today.
  Immigration and Customs Enforcement must be funded fully and 
immediately. The U.S. Border Patrol must be funded fully and 
immediately. It is just common sense. These Agencies keep America safe 
every single day.
  If Congress doesn't act quickly, they are going to run out of money 
very soon, perhaps in a matter of weeks. That would make our country 
less safe.
  Senate Republicans are united and committed to keeping America safe 
and secure. Republicans will use the budget reconciliation process to 
do that.
  This means that we can fund American law enforcement without relying 
on a single Democrat vote. Democrats have turned into the party of 
``defund the police''.
  And let me tell you about the Republican plan to protect our 
communities. Our plan provides more than $70 billion of funding for 
immigration enforcement and border security. It secures the funding not 
for 1 year, not for 2 years, but for the next 3 years.
  The Republican plan means stronger law enforcement and safer 
communities. It also represents a commitment to the dedicated 
professionals of ICE and Border Patrol. And we are going to continue to 
support them, just as they continue to protect all of us.
  This is funding Democrats once agreed to. Now, they have walked away 
from it. Democrats have blocked funding for the Department of Homeland 
Security not once, not twice--16 times

[[Page S1870]]

they have voted against it. Why? Because Democrats are playing to the 
most radical members of their party.
  Through their actions, Democrats are putting the safety and security 
of our Nation behind the safety and security of their own political 
careers.
  Democrats have blocked funding for Border Patrol. This is the Agency 
that stops the criminals, the drug traffickers, the human traffickers, 
and the terrorist suspects from entering our country illegally. 
Democrats would love to defund them permanently.
  Democrats have also blocked funding for Immigration and Customs 
Enforcement. This is the Agency that removes illegal immigrant 
criminals from our communities and takes them off the streets.
  The American people support removing illegal immigrant criminals. 
Clearly, Democrats do not. Democrats care more about protecting illegal 
immigrant criminals than they do about protecting law-abiding American 
citizens.
  Democrats seem to want to take our country backward--backward to the 
bad days when they were in the majority and our southern border was 
wide open, backward to the days when illegal immigrant criminals roamed 
freely in our communities. This is an insult to the families of Laken 
Riley and Sheridan Gorman and to all of the innocent people who have 
been murdered by illegal immigrant criminals.
  The budget resolution that we are debating today is part of a larger 
Republican effort to keep America safe. The last administration threw 
the border wide open. More than 10 million illegal immigrants flooded 
into our Nation. Under President Trump and Republicans, the border is 
now secure. Law enforcement is being restored.
  Last year, Republicans passed the most comprehensive border security 
investment in American history--nearly $165 billion. It was part of the 
Working Families Tax Cut law. The results speak for themselves: Zero--
absolutely zero--illegal immigrants have been released into the country 
for nearly a year. The Republican budget resolution builds on that 
success.
  To my Democrat colleagues who are calling for reforming ICE, let me 
just say directly to you on the floor of the U.S. Senate: You rejected 
every single opportunity for common sense, cooperation, and compromise. 
You said no to all of it.
  Republicans offered body cameras for agents; Democrats voted no. 
Republicans offered more oversight; Democrats voted no. Republicans 
offered more training for agents; Democrats voted no.
  Reform no matter how reasonable--no matter how much common sense--was 
never the point of the Democrats. The point has always been to abolish 
ICE, to abolish our Border Patrol, and to return to open borders. 
Today's Democrat Party owns that shameful record. They can run from it, 
but they cannot hide from it. It is their record, and the Senate has a 
duty to protect the American people.
  The choice is simple. The choice is clear: Fund law enforcement or 
block it. That is the vote today. Fund border security or try to block 
it. That is what we are voting on.
  The American people are watching. They will know and remember who 
voted to protect law-abiding American citizens and who voted to protect 
illegal immigrant criminals. Republicans are ready to stand and vote 
for the safety and the security of the American people.
  I yield the floor.
  I suggest the absence of a quorum.
  The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tempore. The clerk will call the roll.
  The senior assistant legislative clerk proceeded to call the roll.
  Ms. ERNST. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that the order for 
the quorum call be rescinded.
  The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tempore. Without objection, it is so 
ordered.


                    Tribute to General Randy George

  Ms. ERNST. Mr. President, I rise today to honor a fellow Iowan, a 
friend, and an extraordinary leader GEN Randy A. George, upon his 
retirement from the U.S. Army after more than four decades of 
distinguished service to our Nation. General George has devoted his 
life to the defense of the United States of America and her people.
  Born to Robert and Lorraine George and raised in Alden--a beautiful, 
rural community in north central Iowa--Randy's folks instilled in him 
solid Iowa values that would take him on an incredible journey from the 
rolling countryside of our heartland to the highest ranks of the U.S. 
Army.
  Randy was raised humble, hard-working, courageous, and patriotic. 
Randy enlisted in the U.S. Army before his 18th birthday, and he 
focused his eyes on the future. Two years after his enlistment, Randy 
received a nomination for the U.S. Military Academy at West Point from 
my distinguished colleague Senator Chuck Grassley. Randy then received 
his appointment to West Point and joined the distinguished ``Long Gray 
Line.'' He was commissioned from West Point as an infantry officer in 
1988 and served as a lieutenant in the vaunted 101st Airborne Division 
and rose through the ranks in many illustrious units, including the 4th 
Infantry Division, 173rd Airborne Brigade, and I Corps.
  Randy has served in multiple deployments through several eras of 
American warfare--from Operation Desert Shield-Desert Storm to the 
Global War on Terrorism. His boots tread soil and sand in many 
countries--Kuwait, Iraq, Afghanistan, and many more around the globe in 
his most senior positions with the United States Army. He literally 
commanded at every level of the Army, and our Army is so much stronger, 
agile, and lethal because of his leadership.
  Randy advanced to the role of Vice Chief of Staff of the Army from 
2022 to 2023 and most recently served as our 41st Chief of Staff of the 
Army. As Chief of Staff, Randy readied our Army for the future 
battlefield, capitalizing on the innovative spirit of our soldiers to 
transform the service from the ground up.
  His determination yielded generational investments in the Army's 
Organic Industrial Base and a long overdue slashing of unnecessary 
waste and bureaucracy, equipping our soldiers with the training and the 
technology they need to survive and dominate on the battlefield.
  Those who served with him describe him as a consistent leader, steady 
in even the most trying of times. He is a man who loves and respects 
his soldiers and built winning, capable teams. He is a soldier's 
soldier, which in the Army is the highest of compliments. He will be 
remembered for that. He is a man of character, who placed the Army's 
responsibility to our great Nation above all else.
  Now, as a Senator, I am very privileged to travel to many communities 
across Iowa every single year. As I recently passed through the little, 
tiny communities in Hardin County, I asked the farmers and the small 
business owners if they knew Randy George, and, of course, they did. I 
received answers of ``I played basketball in high school with Randy,'' 
or ``My sister used to babysit Randy,'' and ``Randy's dad inspired me 
to go into agriculture.'' They all had kind words, and they spoke those 
words with pride.
  Most were proud that Randy was serving in the Army. They all knew 
that he had an important job, but their eyes would pop open when I 
explained that he was the highest ranking officer in the U.S. Army: 
Chief of Staff of the U.S. Army. Honestly, Randy's job title didn't 
matter to them because, in Alden, IA, he--simply known as Randy 
George--was doing great work to keep them all safe. Randy represents 
the very best of Iowa and of our Nation.
  I would also like to express my thanks to Randy's wife and his West 
Point classmate Mrs. Patty George. She has served Army families for 
nearly 40 years and whose energy--endless energy--and dedication were 
reflected in every single formation that Randy led. The Georges raised 
two incredible kids Grant and Andrea, and they recently welcomed two 
grandchildren to their family as well.
  We wish Randy and his entire family continued success and 
fulfillment.
  GEN Randy George's legacy will endure through the thousands and 
thousands of soldiers that were shaped by his mentorship and example. I 
know he will continue to serve our Nation.
  Sir, General George, I am honored to be your Senator.
  So today, as I hold the floor of the Senate in the heart of the 
Nation's Capital, on behalf of an extremely grateful nation, I extend 
my deepest

[[Page S1871]]

thanks and appreciation to GEN Randy A. George for his extraordinary 
service, sacrifice, and leadership.
  Randy and Patty, ``No Task Too Great.'' You have demonstrated this 
well to all of America. God bless you, and Godspeed.
  I yield the floor.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. Sheehy). The Senator from Iowa.
  Ms. ERNST. Mr. President, I suggest the absence of a quorum.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The clerk will call the roll.
  The senior assistant legislative clerk proceeded to call the roll.
  Mr. CORNYN. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that the order for 
the quorum call be rescinded.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without objection, it is so ordered.
  The Senator from Texas.


                            S. Con. Res. 33

  Mr. CORNYN. Mr. President, we are almost at the end of April, and the 
Department of Homeland Security has been shuttered since February. It 
is incredible to me that at a time when the geopolitics of the world 
make the likelihood of domestic terrorist attacks greater than usual, 
that our Democratic colleagues would simply reflexively oppose funding 
for the Department of Homeland Security because they don't believe 
immigration laws should be enforced.
  It is absurd that they have taken this approach to voice their 
opposition to President Trump, which maybe explains everything because 
the first question, it seems like, in their mind is: If President Trump 
wants it, maybe we should oppose it, which has been consistent with 
their behavior. But it is time for this nonsense to end for a variety 
of reasons.
  I just came from a Judiciary Committee hearing on intellectual 
property theft and espionage from the People's Republic of China, among 
other adversaries. And one of the things that I am not sure people 
recognize is that the chief civilian cyber security Agency of the 
Federal Government is housed within the Department of Homeland 
Security--CISA, it is called.
  They have currently furloughed 60 percent of their staff because 
Democrats refuse to fund the Department of Homeland Security because 
they are mad that President Trump is keeping his commitment to enforce 
our immigration laws. So, again: collateral damage to many unintended 
targets, but this is what happens when mindless partisanship prevails.
  The American people, of course, voted to elect President Trump, and 
one of the main reasons was because he was very clear about where he 
stood on open borders and on the failure of the Biden administration to 
enforce our immigration laws. So, now, the Democrats have shut down the 
Department to try to prevent him from carrying out his mandate.

  At the end of our last session, the Senate finally came together on a 
plan to reopen the Department of Homeland Security. I was proud to vote 
yes. It seemed like a no-brainer. But, unfortunately, the House did not 
agree. Unfortunately, I think they misunderstood what we had actually 
done because we had prefunded ICE and Customs and Border Protection in 
the Working Families Tax Cut bill because we anticipated that they 
might pull this kind of stunt. Well, unfortunately, that funding is now 
stalled in the House.
  Speaker Johnson, of course, has his own constraints, given a one-seat 
majority and the fact that Democrats won't cooperate even on 
commonsense things like funding the Department of Homeland Security. 
But I hope that he will continue to try to pick up the torch and pass 
this bill so this shutdown can end--this mindless partisanship that has 
caused this shutdown.
  President Trump, Leader Thune, and Chairman Graham have decided that 
we will keep the current budget resolution focused like a laser on 
funding Immigration and Customs Enforcement and the Department of 
Homeland Security generally so we can do that by the deadline that 
President Trump set of June 1.
  None of this would be necessary if Democrats would come to their 
senses and just simply--we can fight about the role that Immigration 
and Customs Enforcement plays. We can fight about the policies that 
guide them. But they are, in fact, enforcing laws that Congress has 
passed. Yet they want to make them the scapegoat for enforcing 
immigration laws.
  And, again, this appears to me to be nothing more than a continuation 
of their efforts to maintain open borders and to deny enforcement of 
immigration laws.
  But as we are considering a budget reconciliation bill, hopefully, 
once we get this accomplished here in the next few weeks, it will give 
us enough time before the end of this fiscal year to consider a third 
reconciliation vehicle to accomplish additional Republican priorities. 
And there are some important provisions I would like to see included in 
that next reconciliation bill--again, anticipating no cooperation at 
all from our Democratic colleagues.
  One of those priorities for me is to permanently defund Planned 
Parenthood. Respect for life has always been and always will be a 
pillar of the conservative movement and the Republican Party platform. 
We are the pro-life party. Many great minds have said before that 
civilization should be measured by the way we treat our most 
vulnerable, and I believe that to be true. And it is hard to imagine 
anyone more vulnerable than an unborn, helpless child.
  In fact, our founding document--the Declaration of Independence--
states that the right to life is an inalienable right that all of us 
are granted by our Creator. I am proud to be a member of a party that 
acknowledges the right to life as a God-given gift. Republicans can and 
should deliver a win for the unborn as part of our next reconciliation 
bill by defunding, on a permanent basis, the Nation's largest abortion 
provider.
  When Republicans assembled the One Big Beautiful Bill, or the Working 
Families Tax Cut Act, last summer, we successfully included a 1-year 
ban on Medicaid funding for abortion providers like Planned Parenthood. 
Now, here we are approaching the end of that year, and this provision 
will soon expire. We have our work cut out for us again to ensure that 
this monstrous organization does not receive another dime of taxpayer 
money.
  Of course, like any entity that receives government funding, Planned 
Parenthood has a team of lobbyists and public affairs officials whose 
job it is to convince lawmakers and the public that they are worthy 
recipients of public funding. Planned Parenthood would like all of us 
to believe they are primarily a healthcare organization, providing 
women's health services. But the truth is that is not the case; it is a 
pretext. Their own 2024-2025 annual report states that Planned 
Parenthood performed more than 400,000 abortions in the previous fiscal 
year--400,000 abortions.
  We know that all the money that organizations like Planned Parenthood 
receive are fungible. In other words, they can trade one dollar for 
another dollar, depending on the source of that money. When Planned 
Parenthood receives Medicaid reimbursements for services other than 
abortions, that money ultimately finds its way into helping their 
bottom line and directly subsidizing a procedure that ends a human 
life.
  If that were not enough, Planned Parenthood is not only an abortion 
provider, but they have recently become entwined with the business of 
providing gender transition treatments to minors. Planned Parenthood's 
own reporting brags that, in some States, their so-called gender-
affirming care--what a euphemism that is--that their gender-affirming 
care visits increased by more than 500 percent between 2021 and 2022. 
Other organizations have also reported that Planned Parenthood exploits 
legal loopholes in order to provide gender transition medications to 
minors without their parents even knowing.

  Nearly 60 percent--and I am surprised the number isn't higher--nearly 
60 percent of Americans oppose gender transition procedures for minors. 
You know, when you are young and have not yet matured, your brain is 
not completely developed. These children are incapable of making these 
life-changing decisions for themselves, and the business of government 
and the business of organizations like Planned Parenthood shouldn't be 
to exploit the youth of these children, to change the trajectory of 
their life forever.

[[Page S1872]]

  In recent years, the scientific community has also expressed its own 
concerns. The American Society of Plastic Surgeons released a statement 
earlier this year recommending against gender transition surgeries for 
minors. Their statement emphasized the lack of long-term research to 
support this medical intervention, as well as ethical concerns 
surrounding potential harms and the fact that adolescents don't have 
the capacity to fully consent to these harms.
  Other Western countries, including the United Kingdom and the 
Netherlands, are also taking steps to restrict these operations. The 
least the U.S. Congress could do would be to halt government funding 
for providers of these controversial procedures and related treatments 
that rest on a dubious--if maybe even nonexistent--scientific backing.
  Planned Parenthood, the largest abortion provider in the Nation and 
the leading provider of youth gender transition therapies, should not 
receive a dime--a dime--of taxpayer funding.
  The second reconciliation bill, focused as it is on ICE and CBP and 
the Department of Homeland Security, cannot be our last bill this year. 
I urge my Republican colleagues to come together on a third 
reconciliation bill once we have completed this bill so we can notch 
another win for the pro-life and the pro-commonsense movement. Again, 
it is only common sense that our Republican majority should use the 
power we have to defund Planned Parenthood using the tools available to 
us, like reconciliation.
  Defending the right to life has been a longstanding priority of our 
party, and Republicans ought to deliver another victory for the unborn.
  I yield the floor.
  I suggest the absence of a quorum.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The clerk will call the roll.
  The legislative clerk proceeded to call the roll.
  Mr. DURBIN. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that the order for 
the quorum call be rescinded.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without objection, it is so ordered.
  The minority whip.


                          Trump Administration

  Mr. DURBIN. Mr. President, last week, President Trump was asked to 
assess the state of the American economy. He said:

       Very happy.

  This is one of the rare moments where I can understand the 
President's thinking. In his eyes--and in the eyes of his billionaire 
friends--the economy has never been better.
  In the first year of his second term, President Trump added $1.4 
billion to his personal wealth through cryptocurrency ventures and 
licensing deals with individuals tied to foreign governments. He has 
made more money in office than any other President in the history of 
the United States.
  And for his billionaire friends, the returns from the past year have 
been equally impressive. Elon Musk helped gut the Consumer Financial 
Protection Bureau right before it began to supervise his new digital 
payment platform.
  Oil billionaires like the Koch brothers have seen decades of climate 
regulation overturned after their multimillion-dollar donations to the 
2024 Trump campaign.
  According to the Institute on Taxation and Economic Policy, at least 
88 of some of the largest corporations--including Tesla, Coinbase, and 
Palantir--made more than $105 billion in 2025.
  How much did they pay in Federal income tax? Nothing. Zero dollars 
because of the Republicans' ``One Big Beautiful Budget Bill.''
  Collectively, billionaires added $1.5 trillion to their wealth in 
2025 alone, a 22-percent increase in 1 year. They really would be 
happy. It is no wonder the President is so bullish about the economy 
when everyone he golfs with is raking in record profits.
  But if he asks any of the millions of working Americans what they 
think about the economy, I bet he will get a different answer. Most 
Americans don't feel like they are in the ``golden age of economic 
opportunity,'' in the words of the President. Instead, they feel like 
no matter how many hours they put in to provide for their family, the 
odds are stacked against them.
  Ask a young couple trying to buy their first home if they feel the 
President has delivered on a housing affordability agenda. Ask a small 
business owner struggling under the combined weight of Trump's tariff 
taxes and his cuts to healthcare if they feel like they are benefiting 
from this so-called pro-growth agenda. Ask anyone who isn't part of the 
wealthy elite that President Trump surrounds himself with, and they 
will tell you they feel abandoned by the President, who promised to 
lower prices for families ``on day one.''
  His war with Iran, reckless tariffs against our trading partners, and 
cuts and chaos across the Federal Government have damaged the economy 
and pushed many families to the breaking point.
  In March, the Consumer Price Index--the leading measure of 
inflation--rose to 3.3 percent after the President's Iran war, which 
spiked oil prices and increased uncertainty for business owners.
  One in 10 people nationwide who were on the Affordable Care Act last 
year were forced to drop their health insurance altogether after the 
President and Republicans in Congress cut Medicaid and ACA by hundreds 
of billions of dollars.
  The price of groceries, childcare, rent, utility bills, and many 
other basic necessities keep going up, and the President and 
Republicans in Congress have not done nearly enough to help Americans 
make ends meet.
  What has the President proposed when 82 percent of Americans say 
housing affordability is a concern? He has proposed cuts--billions of 
dollars of cuts--in housing and homelessness assistance.
  What have Trump and congressional Republicans done for 6 in 10 
Americans who are worried about being able to afford groceries? They 
enacted the largest SNAP cuts in history--the food program for those in 
low-income categories.
  When it comes to working families, the administration has little 
desire to help them. Instead, the President is distracted with election 
conspiracy theories and anti-immigrant hatred.
  When discussing legislation that would tackle rising housing costs, 
President Trump reportedly told Speaker Johnson that ``no one gives a 
[bleep] about housing'' and pushed Johnson to focus on disenfranchising 
voters.
  That is not to say Republicans in Congress are doing more than the 
President to address the cost of living. Sadly, they are equally 
distracted by President Trump's current and changing priorities. This 
week in the Senate, instead of voting on legislation to lower costs, 
Senate Republicans chose to focus their efforts on a party-line 
package, a package of legislation that would give ICE and CBP up to 
$140 billion to continue the administration's reckless, cruel, and 
deadly mass deportation campaign.
  They already provided a $170 billion slush fund for border and 
interior enforcement last June. They insist it is not nearly enough.
  Imagine the potential if they put their energy into making America 
more affordable instead of this agenda.
  The American people consistently say the economy is one of the most 
important issues our country faces. What does it say about Congress--
about our government--when we fail to pass any bill at all that 
meaningfully addresses these concerns?
  America has lost faith in a President who is more focused on his own 
bottom line than enriching his country and Republican leadership that 
would rather deport hard-working families than help them afford the 
basics. Republicans control the House, the Senate, and the Presidency. 
They are responsible for the chaos we face, and Americans are 
increasingly wondering, What have Republicans done to help their 
families?
  My colleagues will need to find a better answer to that question than 
the current agenda of the Republican Congress or Americans will make 
their dissatisfaction known in November and usher in the beginning of 
the end of President Trump's last term in office.
  I yield the floor.
  I suggest the absence of a quorum.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The clerk will call the roll.
  The bill clerk proceeded to call the roll.
  Mrs. MOODY. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that the order for 
the quorum call be rescinded.

[[Page S1873]]

  The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. Ricketts). Without objection, it is so 
ordered.
  The Senator from Florida.


                            S. Con. Res. 33

  Mrs. MOODY. Mr. President, I also rise today to address the 
importance, in fact, the necessity that we expediently fund ICE and CBP 
and we take measures to ensure that in the future these Agencies are 
not held hostage by political games from the Democratic Party.
  We are here again facing a situation where we have critical public 
safety Agencies at risk for not being funded at a time when we are in 
the middle of an armed conflict, at a time when we need our communities 
to have our officers and those that support them at the top of their 
game because the men and women of ICE and CBP are on the frontlines 
every single day.
  They secure our borders, they enforce our laws, and they protect our 
communities. And yet we will debate again whether we are going to give 
them the resources they need to do their jobs. And this should not be 
controversial. I cannot believe in my first year at the U.S. Senate, I 
have had to come to the floor multiple times to merely fund critical 
public safety Agencies, Agencies that were created after 9/11.
  We have to pass the reconciliation bill, and we have to fund ICE and 
CBP, not just for the short term, for the long term because this is not 
going to stop. The modern Democratic Party has no interest in being on 
Team America. Everything that they are espousing is subversive to the 
strength and security of this Nation, whether that is abolish ICE, 
whether that is defund the police, whether that is destroy our borders 
and roll out a welcome mat. It cannot happen.
  And too often in this town, we see the same pattern play out when we 
face this obstructionist behavior. I would call it dangerous behavior. 
We kick the can down the road, and the American people are sick of it. 
Thousands of TSA agents who have worked more days unpaid than paid 
during this fiscal year are sick of it.
  We aren't sent here to keep parts of our vital government Agencies 
shuttered at a time when our security is threatened. All of us here 
know we need DHS to keep us safe. So we should be coming here every day 
to give them the tools that they need, the resources they need, not 
tying their hands behind their back with short-term funding patches and 
political gridlock--not to mention the attack on morale that they must 
feel when their very jobs are threatened every time the Democrats throw 
a political tantrum.
  It shouldn't take Executive orders or emergency measures to get these 
critical safety folks paid, but that is the hand that the Democrats 
keep dealing us.
  And if we are serious about solving this, not just now as we move 
into passing reconciliation, but if we want to prevent this from 
happening in the future, if we want to move the Senate's work forward, 
especially when we are dealing with funding critical public safety 
Agencies, we have to take a hard look at how this body--the Senate--
operates.
  Because what has happened when there have been lapses in funding, 
what has happened in my first year here at the Senate, when I have 
pushed to get this done, pled with all--everyone in this Chamber--to 
get this done, stayed here, what happens? Government workers go unpaid, 
our government shuts down, and often Senators are told to go home.
  We are not just told to go home. Taxpayers fund Senators to go home. 
They reimburse them for travel in the middle of a government shutdown 
when we are not paying government workers, and the buck stops here. We 
have to commit to solving this problem, not just funding the Agencies, 
but solving the problem that how the Senate has done things 
historically is not working. It is not working in the face of a 
Democratic Party who is not on Team America. It is not working on the 
face of the modern-day Democrats in this Chamber that are not just 
voicing subversiveness, they are taking actions in this Chamber to 
undermine the security of this country.
  The ways we have always done things as a Senate does not work 
anymore. It does not work for this country. It does not work for the 
American people, and we have got to be bold and do something about it.
  And that is why I have introduced a resolution to forbid taxpayers 
dollars for reimbursement of Member travel home during a lapse in 
government funding because if we are asking Federal employees to deal 
with uncertainty, if we are asking our ICE officers and Border Patrol 
to continue doing their jobs without clarity, if we are asking TSA 
agents to continue showing up without clarity, we should be willing to 
stay here and do ours.
  If Senators stayed in Washington and worked through the problem and 
focused on the discussions and delivering results and how do we do 
this--I mean, we are having to work around and go to a reconciliation 
as opposed to the normal budgeting process in order to fund DHS.
  I dare say, I wonder if we would have gotten to this idea if we had 
been forced to stay here and deal with this a lot sooner. It shouldn't 
be complicated; funding the government is one of our most fundamental 
roles.
  The stakes of not fully funding ICE and CBP are far too high. 
Americans are clearly at risk right now. We know why my Democratic 
colleagues are obstructing this process. They told you--they told you--
where their priorities lie.
  They want to go back to how things were under the previous 
administration, you know, when they broke down all security measures at 
the border, when they made it open borders, when they demoralized and 
undermined law enforcement. They like that. They don't like it when 
they have Republican leadership and a President in the White House that 
are saying: That was backward. That put Americans in danger. We have to 
do things differently, and we have got to clean up the mess.
  And what is this mess? I mean, I don't want to just broadly say it 
was dangerous. Let's talk about the mess. Let's talk about the 
catastrophic place we find ourselves in. We now have thousands of 
people that were on the Terrorist Watchlist that were ushered in by the 
Biden administration, and we know that they released them and pushed 
them into this country. They are here right now.
  So in the middle of an armed conflict, we have people in this country 
right now that were on the Terrorist Watchlist that were released by 
the last administration, and the Democrats' response is to not fund the 
folks that were going to go out and find them.
  Let's talk about the 22-year-old Laken Riley, who was killed by an 
illegal immigrant in Georgia, or the 18-year-old college freshman 
Sheridan Gorman, shot and killed in a random attack by an illegal 
immigrant in Chicago. Or in my home State of Florida, in Fort Myers, 
just recently, an illegal immigrant bludgeoned a mother to death 
outside of a gas station. These are just a few examples, but they are 
not--it is reality. It is not hypothetical. It is not what could 
happen. It is what is happening.
  And so we have to take action today, and that means if we have to 
stay here and get this done during times of shutdown, let's do it. And 
anything that will incentivize that, we should promote, we should 
support, and we should pass.
  And that means changing our own rules, changing the way that we are 
doing business here in the Senate, because in so many ways, business as 
usual in the Senate isn't cutting it.
  And so I invite my colleagues, who are really on Team America, to 
show that they are on Team America and show they are willing to put in 
the hard work and roll up their sleeves and stay here, when we find 
ourselves in a funding lapse of critical safety Agencies, to support my 
resolution and support the reconciliation that will fund CBP and ICE.
  I yield the floor.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from Michigan.
  Ms. SLOTKIN. Mr. President, I just want to start with reviewing the 
bidding and why we are here.
  We are having an American cultural conversation about the role of ICE 
and law enforcement--Federal law enforcement--in our streets and in our 
cities and particularly because two Americans were killed in Minnesota 
because of ICE, CBP: Alex Pretti, 37 years old, a nurse in a VA 
hospital, shot multiple

[[Page S1874]]

times, killed while exercising his right to assemble.
  Video shows it. So that no matter where you are in the political 
spectrum, your eyes do not lie.
  Renee Good--shot and killed by ICE agents in her car on January 7--
and a third American citizen killed by Homeland Security agents, the 
first being Keith Porter, who was killed on New Year's Eve in L.A. That 
is not counting the 32 people who have been killed in ICE's custody in 
2025, including one in Baldwin, MI--the most fatalities in 1 year than 
in more than two decades combined.
  These three people should be alive, but their deaths are the 
culmination of something much bigger. The behavior of our Federal 
forces in our streets strikes at the heart of who we are as Americans. 
I am not going to list everything ICE is doing, but I want you to think 
about what would happen if these things happened to you, to your 
community, to your neighbors: being pulled over and asked for your 
papers as you shop at Target or drive on a highway off-ramp or stand in 
line for a flight; agents shooting tear gas at your kids' playground; 
being held at gunpoint inside your own home and taken to a police 
precinct, in your underwear, in subfreezing temperatures, and then 
being released, without apology, after being held for hours, even 
though you are an American citizen.
  Imagine someone in a mask breaking your car window and pulling you 
and your 2-year-old daughter out of that car.
  Imagine being shot with rubber bullets at a protest in America; 
masked men detaining your 5-year-old coming home from preschool; being 
pepper-sprayed while praying aloud; tear gas filling your car on your 
way home from a basketball game and then having to do CPR on your 6-
month-old to help him breathe; then being beaten, shot repeatedly, and 
killed because you are exercising your Second Amendment right. Imagine 
being taken to a detention facility and not being able to communicate 
with your family.
  All of these things happened in Minneapolis, and that is not my sense 
or, I think, the average American's sense of freedom. When people 
turned on the TV and saw these things happening with their own eyes, 
they understood it as something that ran completely contrary to who we 
are as a people, and it certainly spit in the face of how we became a 
nation in the first place--with the rebellion that our American 
forefathers launched not too far north of here because of an oppressive 
government--because of an oppressive regime--that was using brutal 
tactics in the streets and in people's homes.
  So that is why we are here today--to have very commonsense reforms on 
Federal law enforcement because of what we all saw with our own eyes.
  Now, these things that we are calling for are not radical, right? 
They are the things that we ask of our local police: Be clear on who 
you are and what law enforcement unit you are from, have some way of 
identifying that you are part of official law enforcement, don't wear a 
mask so that we understand who you are, have a judicial warrant if you 
want to go inside someone's house--you have to prove that there is a 
reason to go inside an American citizen's home.
  These are things our law enforcement does every single day in our 
cities and in our towns, but the other side of the aisle refuses to 
have that conversation. What they would rather do is ignore that 
conversation altogether even though Kristi Noem got fired over it and 
local ICE agent Bovino got fired for all of that behavior, even though 
they themselves, from the White House, were willing to consider some 
sort of reform because they know they are on their heels because they 
know they got on the wrong side of history. We are here today because 
the other side of the aisle is refusing to have an even basic 
conversation on those reforms and wants to fully fund ICE with no 
changes.
  I will close with this: We are here talking about this issue when, in 
fact, what the average person wants to talk about when I am out in 
Michigan or anywhere else are the things that this President said he 
was going to cover, which were tackling the fundamental costs of 
living, tackling the fundamental things that are keeping people up at 
night and making them feel like they can't achieve the American dream 
in America. The lists of things this President said he was going to do 
could fill up a ream of paper.
  Certainly, the President won his election by talking about what he 
was going to do domestically, but I think we have to accept now, as we 
continue to see the war drag on with Iran, that this President has 
become fundamentally a foreign policy President. He has taken military 
action in 9 locations around the world in his first 15 months--more 
than any single President in history, Democrat or Republican.
  He is focusing his energy and his administration's resources on 
issues abroad while the average thing that hurts Americans isn't being 
tackled at all. Think about housing, healthcare, the price of food, and 
now, certainly, the prices of gas and utilities. In Michigan, we are 
now at $4 a gallon, approximately, for gas and $5 a gallon for diesel. 
Healthcare premiums have gone up. Housing has only gotten 
more expensive in the past year. By any objective measure, things are 
more expensive than the day this President took office.

  He can pretend and say what he wants about how costs have actually 
come down and that it is ``no big deal'' that gas prices are up, but we 
know that, in the United States of America, we have a shrinking middle 
class. That is an objective fact. That is not a political statement. It 
has gotten harder to stay in and be in the middle class, and it has 
gotten harder to save every month.
  It is the issue that unites young people who are thinking about how 
they are going to afford college, whether they are ever going to be 
able to own a home the way their parents are, and the workers down at 
the GM plant who are wondering: Will I be able to have that fishing 
cabin up north? Will I be able to take a vacation the way my parents 
were able to do so with the same job?
  On our economy, we know that we need, fundamentally, three big things 
in order to compete in the future as the future of work is changing. 
So, when we are distracted by things like wars and things like American 
cultural conversations on other issues, it means there is an 
opportunity cost for the things we are not talking about. What we need 
more than anything right now is a focus on three big things. For our 
economy, we need to focus on people, we need to focus on chips, and we 
need to focus on power.
  On people, we know that, between artificial intelligence and a whole 
bunch of other things going on, we are going to have a changing 
economy. We need great public schools that are well-funded, and we need 
to get people comfortable with the fact that they are going to have to 
do more than just the K through 12. I call it K through 12 plus two. 
You have got to do something after high school to prepare yourself for 
this next new world that we are in. That can be an apprenticeship with 
a union. That can be an associate's degree. That can be a training 
program for one of our companies.
  It means K through 12 plus two is upon us, and we need to start 
thinking about it that way. We need to centralize every single job 
training program. We have 17 job training programs in the Federal 
Government alone. They are all in different Departments and Agencies. 
We need a one-stop shop for our young people to be like: If I want a 
job for the future, how do I get trained or retrained for that?
  On chips, every single one of you has chips in your pocket. You have 
a cell phone or you have some sort of piece of technology that depends 
on chips. They are in everything that we use and in everything we need 
to grow our economy.
  Over the last decade or so, we have been, really, at the mercy of 
China when it comes to chips. I want to make chips here in America with 
American factories and American labor, and I want chips to put 
Americans to work. We made them and invented them in the first place, 
and I want to make them again so that we don't live under a veto from 
China.
  On power, we can't do any of what we need to do unless we have the 
amount of power that we are going to need to power our economy; and 
without major changes to our electrical grid, we are in trouble on the 
issue of power. Our

[[Page S1875]]

grid is a national security asset. It powers our economy. We know we 
are going to have more and more companies trying to take more and more 
power out of the grid. It is old and outdated. Again, I think that is 
something this body could agree on and focus on, but we are not because 
we are busy fighting these kinds of cultural conversations that we are 
having.
  So I wanted to put down, in front of everyone here, some of the 
opportunity costs and some of the things we are not doing here in the 
U.S. Senate because we are focusing on these terrible cultural 
conversations that are happening when things like Minneapolis erupt. We 
are not talking about the economy, and we are not attacking the 
problems that are plaguing most Americans. That is because we have a 
refusal to talk about just basic reforms, simple things we could do in 
an hour.
  I yield the floor.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from Michigan.


                             National Debt

  Mr. PETERS. Mr. President, recently, our Nation has been hitting a 
lot of very unfortunate milestones. Data from the National Association 
of REALTORS shows that the average age of the first-time home buyer in 
America has reached an alltime high of 40 years old, while the number 
of first-time home buyers has also reached an alltime low.
  We just experienced the highest monthly spike in gas prices in 
decades, thanks to the President's reckless war in Iran.
  And perhaps most staggering, just last month, we reached a new and 
unthinkable milestone when the national debt eclipsed $39 trillion, the 
highest it has been at any point in our Nation's history. For context, 
when I first came here to Congress in 2009, the national debt stood at 
$10.6 trillion. That means more than $28 trillion has been added to the 
debt in just 17 years.
  This illustrates what economists have warned about for years: The 
national debt is growing at an exponential rate, and it is past time to 
stop the bleeding. Yet, for decades, this issue has not received the 
attention and demands that Congress needs to act.
  That is why I am back on the Senate floor today to address my 
colleagues and the American people. The alarm bells cannot continue to 
fall on deaf ears. The fate of future generations of Americans depends 
on it.
  But I am not the only one that has been issuing this warning. In 
recent months, various actors from across the Federal Government--from 
the Congressional Budget Office to the Department of Treasury--they 
have all said the same thing: Our current fiscal policy is simply not 
sustainable, and without changes, we are headed toward an economic 
catastrophe.
  In its last financial report, the U.S. Treasury said our public debt-
to-GDP ratio now sits at 99 percent. That means the amount of debt we 
owe is nearly the same size as the entire U.S. economy. Our debt-to-GDP 
ratio is the highest it has been since World War II, and experts say 
that ratio is expected to exceed 200 percent by 2048.
  This would mean serious economic harm for Americans in the form of 
higher interest rates, less money to support critical Federal services, 
and slowed economic growth.
  The Government Accountability Office says that in order to close this 
fiscal gap, we need to increase our revenues by 25 percent, while 
reducing our spending by 20 percent. And we need do that each and every 
year for the next 75 years.
  Our Nation's leading economists are telling us point-blank: We simply 
do not have time to waste. Dealing with our national debt is no longer 
a down-the-road problem or something that future Congresses will be 
dealing with. We won't put our country on more stable financial footing 
by avoiding the facts or pretending this problem simply doesn't exist. 
We won't reduce our debt by continuing the President's war in Iran. Not 
only are we sending our sons and daughters into harm's way, we are 
spending a reported $1 billion per day on a conflict that Congress has 
not approved and the American people simply did not ask for.
  The time for bipartisan action to address our growing national debt 
is right now. And that is why, just last month, I joined my colleagues 
in introducing a resolution that says, by 2030, we must lower our 
deficit to only 3 percent of GDP. And I am also proud to lead 
bipartisan legislation in the Senate that would examine how our 
national debt impacts our national security.
  These efforts alone won't solve the problem, but we have to start 
somewhere. We must put forward bipartisan responsible and achievable 
solutions that allow us to make headway in any way that we possibly can 
because I know one thing is absolutely for certain, to make it out of 
this national debt crisis is going to take a buy-in from everyone: 
Congress, the administration, and the American people.
  We are all in this boat together, and it is past time to start rowing 
in the right direction before the boat sinks.
  I yield the floor.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from Washington.


                            S. Con. Res. 33

  Mrs. MURRAY. Mr. President, right now, Trump is waging a war in Iran. 
He is threatening war crimes. He is threatening an end to an entire 
civilization and mentally deteriorating in front of our eyes.
  Meanwhile, costs for our families are going through the roof. Grocery 
costs and everyday expenses are going up because of inflation and 
fueled by Trump's tariffs. Estimates show Trump's trade war cost 
families well over 1,000 bucks last year.
  Healthcare costs are skyrocketing for families as Republicans refuse 
to extend the tax credits and prevent the mega-healthcare hike. People 
have seen their premiums double, triple, and even worse. We now know 
that millions of families were completely priced out of their health 
coverage, and millions more switched to a worse plan, often still at a 
higher price.
  And, of course, energy costs, energy costs are going through the roof 
because Trump has also chosen, all on his own, to start a reckless war 
with Iran that is putting servicemembers at risk and jeopardizing our 
national security.
  Gas is up to 4, 5, 6, even 7 bucks a gallon in some places. The 
challenges that we are facing right now are many, and they are 
major. But Republicans can't be bothered with any of them. Republicans 
aren't trying to rein in Trump's absurd tariffs, they are not trying to 
address soaring healthcare costs, and they are certainly not lifting a 
finger to stop Trump's war and bring down gas prices. Instead, 
Republicans' top priority right now is shoveling $70 billion--billion--
at ICE and Border Patrol, covering multiple years, and cutting another 
blank check for Stephen Miller's deranged mass deportation dreams 
without ensuring any sort of accountability--none whatsoever.

  After providing over $190 billion to DHS last year without any real 
strings attached, Republicans are now again pushing to give ICE and 
Border Patrol tens of billions of dollars more, and they plan to do it 
without any new accountability steps, like the ones Democrats have been 
demanding for months, without any of the accountability steps 
Republicans themselves agreed to during negotiations, and even without 
the same basic accountability steps we have long included in our annual 
funding bill.
  I really want to underscore that. Not only have Republicans refused 
even the most basic accountability measures for DHS--things like 
displaying their IDs or taking off masks or requiring judicial 
warrants, basic use-of-force standards--in choosing to send these 
Agencies more money through this process, through reconciliation, 
Republicans are planning to proceed without the basic accountability 
requirements we put in place every year in our spending bills.
  Republicans are making clear that their biggest priority is not 
lowering prices or helping families with the basics, not stopping 
Trump's warmongering--it is giving tens of billions of dollars more of 
your hard-earned tax dollars to ICE and Border Patrol.
  Republicans want to supercharge Stephen Miller's budget to harass 
communities with no restraint, smash in car windows with no warrant, 
detain Americans with no reason, and mass-deport members of communities 
with no criminal record whatsoever. We are talking about firefighters 
and grandpas and grandmas and caregivers for our seniors and parents 
and spouses and veterans themselves.
  To anyone thinking this sounds familiar, well, you are right, because

[[Page S1876]]

guess what Republicans were doing last summer: the exact same thing--
ignoring the needs of working families while hurling billions at ICE.
  Last year, Republicans moved heaven and earth to cut taxes for 
billionaires and hand tens of billions of dollars to ICE and Border 
Patrol. They passed that ``Big Ugly Bill,'' shoveling money at ICE and 
Border Patrol, shoveling money at billionaires, and cutting healthcare 
and SNAP to do it.
  Now here we are a year later, after Republicans unleashed chaos on 
our streets by cutting a $75 billion blank check to ICE, after the 
American people were outraged by ICE and Border Patrol tear-gassing and 
tackling peaceful protestors, and after Republicans themselves admitted 
DHS had gone way too far following the outrageous and horrifying 
shootings of Renee Good and Alex Pretti. After all of that, Republicans 
refused commonsense reforms that we put forward, and now they are 
choosing to deliver even more money for ICE and Border Patrol with 
exactly zero steps to rein them in.
  So if you are watching this Republican farce and wondering why this 
feels pretty darn familiar, don't worry--you don't have deja vu. 
Republicans are just faking amnesia. Republicans are choosing--
choosing--to ignore the violence we have seen unleashed on our streets 
by a rogue Federal Agency that they threw tens of billions of dollars 
at. They are choosing to ignore the shocking killings we saw this year 
and the parade of injustices we are seeing every single day.
  Instead of lifting a finger to lower prices or to exercise their 
constitutional responsibility over the power to declare war, 
Republicans are spending this week working hard to send ICE more 
money--no strings attached.
  Families across the country are struggling to make ends meet. Gas 
prices and grocery prices are squeezing out moms and dads. Childcare is 
hard to find. Housing is unaffordable. Healthcare costs are 
skyrocketing. But ICE and Border Patrol? Well, they are literally 
wasting billions of dollars from the ``Big Ugly Bill'' as we speak.
  Just consider this: There was plenty of money for former Secretary 
Noem to blow hundreds of millions to cut ridiculous ads and plaster her 
face on TV. There is plenty to blow hundreds of millions on new private 
jets. ICE was able to waste millions on souped-up SUVs with flashy 
paint jobs, which they can't even use. Throughout this shutdown, ICE 
has continued to acquire new warehouses way above the asking price and 
even buy more planes.
  So even after all of the waste, fraud, and abuse funded by 
Republicans, ICE and Border Patrol still have billions upon billions of 
dollars on hand right now. Not even a year ago, Republicans gave them 
more funding than most militaries. Meanwhile, Republicans are acting 
like they have no idea why Democrats have been demanding accountability 
and reform, so let me refresh your memory.
  The reason we want actual judicial warrants? ICE dragged off a kid 
who was working at Target, only to release him when they realized he 
was a citizen. They dragged a woman out of her car on her way to a 
doctor's appointment. They dragged a man out of his house in the 
freezing cold, in his underwear, and didn't even check to see if they 
had the right guy. Another man who was a U.S. citizen got dragged off 
his worksite and wrongly detained--not once but twice.
  That is not targeted law enforcement. It is unbelievable to me that 
any Republican can say that with a straight face. You want targeted law 
enforcement? That is what judicial warrants help ensure.
  Look at the use-of-force standards. Pastors have been shot in the 
head with pepper balls. A family on the way home from a basketball game 
was tear-gassed. We have seen peaceful protestors tackled to 
the ground. We have seen people pinned down and pepper-sprayed in the 
face. And then, of course, we have seen several horrific, unjustifiable 
shootings.

  I am not just talking about Alex Pretti and Renee Good, whose 
killings did send a shock through the Nation--at least until 
Republicans decided to move on and buy ICE more bullets. Last year in 
Chicago, a Federal agent rammed Marimar Martinez and shot her several 
times. They tried to blame her until the video came out and showed the 
truth. The agent sharply turned his wheel and rammed her car.
  Just recently, new video footage showed ICE agents lied about another 
shooting in Minnesota. The agent said he fired when he was attacked 
with a shovel. It turns out that was a flatout lie. He actually fired 
blindly through a door.
  ICE agents shot Ruben Martinez in March of last year. His own mother 
didn't know how he died until a year later. That video, by the way, 
also did not match the ICE version of events.
  I am all for laws. I want to see our laws followed and enforced, and 
that is why I want ICE and Border Patrol held accountable. These rogue 
Agencies have been breaking our laws. They have been hurting our 
citizens. But what is the Republican response to this pattern of abuse? 
How are Republicans addressing this rogue Agency? Well, here we are 
choosing to give it even more money and less oversight. That is a 
perversion of justice and an utter rejection of responsibility. I don't 
know how you can pretend you are for law and order while shoveling 
money at a lawless Agency.
  But the important thing for everyone to remember is that it did not 
have to be this way. Despite what some Republicans are saying, this is 
not something they are forced to do. This is a policy choice that 
Republicans are making, because there has been a straightforward, 
bipartisan path available this entire time. Democrats have been ready, 
willing, and truly begging Republicans to work with us to enact some 
very basic reforms as part of a bipartisan funding bill.
  I have spent weeks working hard to land the plane on some commonsense 
steps, and we were having some productive conversations across the 
aisle and actually with the White House. The White House publicly 
agreed to enact a set of steps into law. But ultimately Republicans 
decided to walk away and end any talk of reform. Even when we offered a 
narrower set of basic reforms in exchange for some funding, Republicans 
said: No, won't do. They ultimately refused to enact even the basic 
reforms the White House itself agreed to.
  So nobody's hand was forced here. Republicans just chose to walk away 
from the basic reforms the American people were demanding.
  What is more, they have decided that instead of spending their time 
working on urgent issues, like oversight of Trump's war and addressing 
skyrocketing costs, instead of using taxpayer dollars to actually solve 
problems for families who see healthcare costs rising, childcare costs 
increasing, energy costs, housing costs, Republicans have chosen to 
waste their time and waste your money, writing Stephen Miller a $70 
billion check and turning a blind eye to the rights that he and ICE are 
trampling.
  This is not what America wants. It is not what America stands for. 
You can bet Democrats will be pushing every single minute to stop this 
massive waste of time and money and focus on how we can help working 
families instead.
  If Republicans decide that instead of cutting another enormous check 
for ICE, they would like to resume conversations about a bipartisan 
path forward to enact some basic reforms, I am right here where I have 
always been--at the table, ready to get it done.
  I yield the floor.
  I suggest the absence of a quorum.
  The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tempore. The clerk will call the roll.
  The legislative clerk proceeded to call the roll.
  Mr. MURPHY. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that the order for 
the quorum call be rescinded.
  The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tempore. Without objection, it is so 
ordered.
  The Senator from Connecticut.
  Mr. MURPHY. Mr. President, I was out in the hallways a week ago, and 
a reporter asked me a reasonable question. She said: Do you think 
Democrats overplayed their hand in the negotiations over the DHS 
budget? Did you ask for too much, thus prompting the moment that we are 
in today as we do something unprecedented, debate using reconciliation 
to appropriate money for the ongoing expenses of the Federal 
Government?
  My answer was a confident no, for a few reasons. First, our asks were 
pretty minimal. All we wanted was to make

[[Page S1877]]

sure that the money we were sending to the Department of Homeland 
Security wasn't used for illegal purposes, it wasn't being used to tear 
gas elementary schools or conduct ``show me your papers'' raids in our 
cities.
  A lot of things around here are about politics, but this didn't 
really seem to be about politics. I just think that we all have an 
obligation to only appropriate money to the Federal Government when the 
Federal Government is acting lawfully.
  But there is another element to this. We definitely didn't anticipate 
that Republicans were going to pull the plug on those negotiations when 
they did. I was part of those negotiations up until the last minute. We 
thought that we had a potential deal in place in order to bring 
Republicans and Democrats together around funding all or most of the 
Department of Homeland Security.
  We didn't get that done because Republicans decided--the Republican 
leader decided--instead to fund the Federal Government through this 
process, reconciliation, whereby Republicans only need 50 votes.
  Now, both sides have used reconciliation to get things done that they 
wanted to get done, but never before has reconciliation been used as 
just a straight substitute for the appropriations process. 
Traditionally, appropriations bills need 60 votes. That means that the 
budget that we write for the country every year needs to be one that 
Republicans and Democrats support. But we are here today because 
Republicans didn't want to negotiate with Democrats over the Department 
of Homeland Security budget because they knew they could pass that 
budget with only Republican votes.
  Now, listen, I am actually somebody that believes it is probably time 
to change the rules of the Senate. So I am not going to sit here and 
tell you that I am defending or willing to defend all of the current 
rules of the Senate. But let's just be clear, once Republicans have 
taken the lid off this jar, there is no putting it back.
  Republicans are now using reconciliation to fund the ongoing 
appropriations of the government in an area where it was hard to get 
agreement with Democrats. Democrats are going to do the same thing. 
Regardless of how the rules change, now Democrats are just going to 
say: You know what? When we have power, we don't need to negotiate with 
Republicans over the hard stuff. We don't need your votes because we 
will just go fund the government through reconciliation.
  So you have changed the practice of the Senate here, and you are 
going to have to live with the changes that you have decided to make 
because there are a lot of folks here who have defended the 60-vote 
threshold for appropriations. Well, that is probably going away, even 
if the rules don't change now because of the actions that you have 
taken.
  But I guess I come back to this sort of basic obligation that we 
have, which is to just make sure that we don't fund illegality. A judge 
in Minnesota issued a ruling--this is at the height of the assault on 
Minneapolis--that ICE was in violation of almost 100 court orders.
  That is stunning. Again, this isn't 100 instances where ICE was 
violating the law. This was 100 instances where ICE was violating the 
law, a court told them to stop, and ICE didn't stop. My Republican 
colleagues claim they are for law and order. How do you defend an 
Agency that was told to stop acting illegally and on 100 occasions, 
when reading the court order, just said: Forget it. We are not obeying 
what the court tells us to do?
  When we say this is an Agency that was and is out of control, this is 
what we mean, an Agency that does not care about the law, does not care 
what courts say, thinks it is accountable to no one--except for the 
President of the United States.
  We can't fund that kind of Agency. We would be violating our oath of 
office, all of us, to fund an Agency that just doesn't care about the 
law. To get 100 court orders telling you to obey the law, you have to 
be in violation of the law thousands of times.
  In fact, Federal courts have ruled, just between October of 2025 and 
February of this year--that is October, November, December, January, 
February--over 5 months Federal courts ruled that ICE unlawfully 
detained not hundreds of people but thousands of people; 4,400 times in 
5 months courts have ruled that Americans or legal residents of this 
country have been unlawfully detained.

  That is illegal behavior at scale. And I don't care what your 
politics are, whether they are right or left, they are inclusionary or 
nativist, you should not be willing to fund an Agency that just doesn't 
care about the law at scale.
  Mr. President, 48 people have died in ICE custody, 17 in just the 
last 4 months, right? The cameras aren't in Minneapolis like they were, 
but 17 people have died in custody in just the last month. Between 2017 
and 2021, when Biden was President, there were a total in those 4 years 
of 52 people that had died. People are dying in ICE custody at a rate 
four times higher than during the Biden administration.
  ICE has detained 6,200 children. We have put 6,000 children in jail. 
Seventy-three percent of the people that ICE has arrested have no 
criminal record; 95 percent of them have no violent criminal record. 
They say that they are locking up the worst of the worst; 5 percent, 1 
in 20 have a violent criminal record.
  Mr. President, 170 U.S. citizens have been detained. Almost all of 
them were Latino. You saw the videos of ICE and CBP officers going 
through the streets just detaining people based upon their accents.
  Just this week, ICE detained the wife of SFC Jose Serrano. He is an 
Active-Duty United States Army soldier who has served our military for 
27 years, including service in Afghanistan.
  His wife wasn't not following the rules. She was obeying the rules. 
She was showing up to her court appointments, but they detained her 
anyway and now they are threatening to send her to Mexico, a country 
with which she has no ties. Sergeant First Class Serrano, because of 
his military service, is not allowed to travel to Mexico. Twenty-seven 
years he has been serving this country, and they are going to deport 
his wife who is following the law to Mexico and basically guaranteeing 
they will never see each other again.
  Last month, a 5-year-old who was nonverbal with significant 
disabilities was put in jail at the Dilley Detention Center in Texas, a 
detention center that I tried to get into to inspect because of claims 
of horrific conditions, and I was not allowed to go into that facility.
  Again, this should trouble Republicans and Democrats. I didn't show 
up unannounced. I gave them notice. They still didn't let me in. Even 
though the law explicitly states that any Member of Congress, 
Republican or Democrat, has the right--the statutory right--to inspect 
facilities.
  This little 5-year-old, nonverbal 5-year-old was in jail for 3 weeks. 
This place is called the baby jail. The boy literally melted down while 
he was there. He struggled to eat. His stomach became visibly swollen 
because he was literally suffering from malnutrition, and he couldn't 
go to the bathroom. He was only released after a children's entertainer 
named Ms. Rachel highlighted his case in a video. Like, what are we 
doing? What are we doing? Like, intentionally abusing children? This 
wasn't before Minneapolis; this happened just a month ago.
  Yesterday, it was reported that the Trump administration is in 
discussions to send more than 1,000 Afghans who were in the United 
States because they helped us during the Afghanistan war--they would be 
under the threat of death if they stayed in Afghanistan; we emergency 
evacuated them to the United States because they helped us, because 
they protected our troops. And the Trump administration said yesterday 
that they are going to take 1,000 of those Afghans, heroes, that helped 
protect our troops in Afghanistan and they are going to send them to 
the Congo, just for the point of being cruel, just because it is mean, 
just because it would be kind of funny to send a whole bunch of Afghans 
who helped us in the war to a country that is in a humanitarian 
meltdown right now.
  So no, none of us should be signing on to fund an Agency that is this 
lawless and this inhumane. That is the bottom line.
  But here is the second bottom line: People are suffering in this 
country right now. And they are not suffering because we let immigrants 
into America, they are suffering because gas prices in some parts of 
the country are

[[Page S1878]]

over $6. On average, gasoline is over $4. It was just $3 a few months 
ago. And it is $6 and $5 and $4 for one reason only: this insane, 
incompetent war that is being waged in Iran. That is the only reason 
that these gas prices are so high right now.
  The national average, as I said, is over $4. Americans have now paid 
more than $16 billion more at the pump than they should have simply 
because of Trump's war. Sixteen billion dollars out of the pockets of 
American consumers, American families, American small businesses, sent 
to the oil companies who are, by the way, making a killing off these 
high prices, just because of Trump's incompetent war in Iran.
  Americans, since Trump came into office, have spent $2,300 more on 
goods and services because of inflation and tariffs. The average family 
has spent an extra $2,000 in the last year and a half on the things 
that they buy every day because of Trump's inflation and because of his 
tariffs.
  There are 15 million people in this country who are on the verge of 
losing their healthcare because of a law that Donald Trump and 
Republicans passed in this Congress ripping health insurance away from 
seniors, the poor, and the disabled.
  The Consumer Price Index is up 3.3 percent over last year. That is 
closing in on double what the Federal Reserve's target is. Unemployment 
is up since Trump took office. Long-term unemployment is way up since 
Trump took office. Unemployment for Black workers is up since Trump 
took office.
  The tariffs, which are part of the reason that Americans have spent 
more than $2,000 extra because of Trump's policies, were supposed to be 
tough, hard medicine in order to bring factory jobs back to the United 
States. Biden had increased the number of manufacturing jobs in this 
country. We had more manufacturing jobs at the end of Joe Biden's term 
than we had at the beginning.
  Well, do you know what has happened since Trump took office? He has 
reversed all of that progress. The tariffs aren't bringing more 
manufacturing jobs to the United States. We are losing manufacturing 
jobs. We have lost 100,000 manufacturing jobs since Donald Trump became 
President.
  So we are paying higher tariffs, and we are losing manufacturing 
jobs. Like, it doesn't make any sense.
  And so we are going to spend--this week on the floor--giving a blank 
check to an immigration enforcement Agency that is out of control, 
while ignoring the real problems that Americans are facing.
  We could have spent this week--Republicans could have spent their 
reconciliation process on gas prices or the healthcare catastrophe that 
is about to hit Americans or reversing Trump's tariffs or trying to 
actually do things that will bring manufacturing jobs back to this 
country, but they are doing none of that.
  There is no conversation on the Senate floor right now about gas 
prices. There is no conversation on the Senate floor being led by 
Republicans about inflation. There is nothing being done to bring our 
manufacturing jobs back. There is no second look at the last 
reconciliation bill they passed, which is going to end insurance for 15 
million Americans.
  Instead, Republicans are handing billions of dollars in a blank check 
to an immigration enforcement Agency that right now is hunting 5-year-
old kids with severe disabilities and locking them up in baby prisons 
to the point that they have swollen bellies because of their sickness 
due to the inhumane conditions.
  They are locking up the family members of 27-year military veterans 
fighting for this country, just because it is mean and cruel.
  So we are going to have a chance to debate this over the next 24 
hours and vote on it, but I think the American people are seeing where 
Republican priorities are: not on the stuff that matters to American 
families.
  I am not saying that the people of this country don't want a secure 
border--they do--but that is not what we are debating here. We are 
debating funding an immigration enforcement operation that is going 
after legal citizens, that is not targeting people who are a threat to 
this country, that exists just to try to stoke fears of our neighbors, 
that tries to make people think that immigrants are the biggest threat 
to this country so that you are distracted from the fact that Donald 
Trump is stealing from you--the most corrupt President in the history 
of this country.
  We could be spending this time--we could even try to come together, 
Republicans and Democrats--to do something about inflation or the cost 
of gas. We have been begging our Republican colleagues to vote with us 
on these resolutions to stop the war in Iran because that is probably 
the fastest way to get the gas prices to come down.
  We could spend time working across the aisle to try to address the 
issues that are a real crisis for American citizens right now: costs, 
inflation, gas prices, health insurance.
  But, instead, we are about to send another blank check to an Agency 
that is unconscionably out of control.
  I yield the floor.
  I suggest the absence of a quorum.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. Banks). The clerk will call the roll.
  The senior assistant executive clerk proceeded to call the roll.
  Mr. VAN HOLLEN. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that the order 
for the quorum call be rescinded.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without objection, it is so ordered.
  Mr. VAN HOLLEN. Mr. President, as we gather here, prices and costs 
around the country are going up and up and up. The cost of gas is going 
up. Electric bills are going up. The price of groceries is going up. 
The costs of rent and mortgages are up. Childcare costs are up, and the 
list goes on and on. So rising costs and prices are clearly on the 
minds of the American people as they try to make ends meet.
  Dealing with those costs should be a priority for this Congress, but 
in this bill, Senate Republicans are telling the country--telling our 
fellow Americans--that rising costs and affordability are not their 
problem, are not their priority.
  Budgets always tell us a lot about what the President and the 
Congress think is important, and the budget reconciliation process that 
Republicans are using right now specifically tells us a lot about what 
the Senate majority's priorities are. It tells us what, in this moment, 
Senate Republicans are focused on.
  That is because it is a special procedure that allows the majority 
party--in this case, the Republican Party--to pass something without a 
single vote from the minority party. The Senate Republicans are 
preparing to pass this without any Democratic vote. You can only do 
this once per fiscal year. So it is reserved for the biggest goals, the 
top priorities, the things that the majority party--the Senate 
Republicans--thinks are the most important, the things it wants to 
become law.
  When the Democrats were last in the majority, we used the budget 
reconciliation process as well. We used it to pass the Inflation 
Reduction Act. That allowed us to require Medicare to negotiate lower 
prescription drug prices. We used it to cap the price of insulin for 
seniors. We used it to accelerate the deployment of clean energy to 
create good-paying jobs and to expand Affordable Care Act tax credits 
to make healthcare more affordable for millions and millions of our 
fellow Americans. That is what we used it for. In fact, it was those 
Affordable Care Act tax credits that Republicans allowed to expire at 
the end of last year.
  So, last year, Republicans passed a reconciliation bill as well. They 
called it their Big Beautiful Bill. Well, it was beautiful if you were 
a billionaire, but it was pretty much a big betrayal for everyone else. 
It provided permanent tax cuts for the wealthy, and it was in that bill 
that Senate Republicans and the President allowed the Affordable Care 
Act tax credits to expire, causing premiums to go up for 22 million of 
our fellow Americans. In fact, they went up so high that 4 million 
Americans lost their coverage altogether. But in that bill, wherein tax 
credits for working Americans to better afford healthcare were not 
extended, Republicans and President Trump provided big, permanent tax 
cuts for the rich.
  I want colleagues to focus on this chart for a moment because it 
tells you exactly what the tax priorities were in the Republicans' 
reconciliation bill from last year.
  As I said, it was a Big Beautiful Bill if you were a billionaire. As 
you can

[[Page S1879]]

see, 72 percent of the tax benefits went to the richest 20 percent of 
the American people--72 percent of the tax benefits went to the top 20 
percent. In fact, it gets even more skewed than that. If you zero in 
more closely with a magnifying glass, 22 percent of the total tax 
benefits went to the top 1 percent--the richest Americans. That is what 
Republicans did in their so-called Big Beautiful Bill. That is why I 
say it was beautiful if you were a billionaire. We know that it was 
skewed in that direction not only by the numbers but because 
Republicans chose to make the tax cuts for billionaires and the very 
rich permanent. Those go on forever.
  I asked the Director of the President's Office of Management and 
Budget, Russ Vought, about this phenomenon in a hearing just last week. 
He conceded that the bill last year, the reconciliation bill, provided 
permanent tax cuts for the very rich, and he conceded that the tax cuts 
and benefits for everybody else, which are much smaller as a proportion 
of the whole, were made temporary. For example, the ``no tax on tips'' 
provision will expire at the end of 2028. Smaller tax cuts for working 
people--temporary. Big tax cuts for wealthy Americans--permanent. They 
have admitted to it. That was a choice that was made by Republicans as 
part of that bill.
  That is why I introduced an alternative, the Working Americans' Tax 
Cut Act, which provides 100 percent of its tax benefits not to the 
richest 20 percent but to the 80 percent of American taxpayers who are 
working hard--paycheck to paycheck--to make ends meet for themselves 
and their families.
  Now, the Trump tax plan that he worked on and passed with Republicans 
not only provided very wealthy individuals with these big tax cuts but 
also big profitable corporations. In fact, the changes that were made 
by President Trump and Republicans have enabled 88 of the largest 
corporations in America to pay no--zero--Federal income taxes, despite 
having more than $100 billion in total profits among them. At the same 
time that these huge tax cuts were given to big corporations and the 
very wealthy, Republicans cut by $1 trillion our investments in health 
and nutrition programs for our fellow Americans. By the way, all told, 
it adds $4 trillion to our national debt.
  There was another major part of that bill that Republicans passed 
last year with the President, and it was a massive slush fund for their 
mass deportation agenda. They put in that bill $140 billion for ICE and 
CBP. So, just for comparison's sake, for ICE, that was seven times 
their previous annual appropriation. They stuffed that into that one 
so-called Big Beautiful Bill. You know, that is as much money as many 
countries spend on their militaries in a year.
  The results have been predictable--a bloated, unaccountable Agency 
that is not focused on deporting the ``worst of the worst,'' as the 
President said he would do, but that goes into communities and 
indiscriminately abducts people, ships them around the country, and 
then tries to deport them. Overwhelmingly--overwhelmingly--they are 
people with no criminal records who, according to DHS' own data, pose 
no risk to our communities: small business owners, pastors, veterans, 
parents taking their kids to school, even children.
  When the American people rose up against these brutal policies and 
exercised their right to protest, when they took to the streets to 
exercise their First Amendment rights and to take pictures of what ICE 
agents were doing, we saw in Minneapolis two American citizens shot and 
killed--a mom, Renee Good, who was killed as she tried to drive away 
from ICE agents who were aggressively approaching her car, and a VA 
nurse Alex Pretti, who was killed when he stopped to help a fellow 
observer. He was shot in the back by CBP agents.
  And the Trump administration--what was their response? They called 
the victims--they called Renee Good and Alex Pretti--domestic 
terrorists.
  That is the mindset of this out-of-control, lawless ICE operation.
  Well, my constituents in Maryland and Americans across the country 
have been horrified by these actions. They said it has to stop, and it 
needs to stop. These Agencies need to be held accountable. They need to 
be reined in. We need independent investigations.
  So Democrats put forward some pretty straightforward proposed 
reforms: require Federal agents to show identification, take off the 
masks that allow them to evade accountability. Our local police 
officers don't wear masks. Our local police officers provide 
identification.
  We also said: You have got to cooperate with State and local law 
enforcement investigating these incidents. When you have an 
administration calling the victims domestic terrorists, it is hard to 
trust the outcome of an administration that is doing the investigation. 
We want the local and State law enforcement authorities involved.
  And our list of reforms went on, but they were rejected by 
Republicans and rejected by the White House. They didn't want 
meaningful reforms. They wanted to keep the blank check going.
  And so then Democrats proposed that: OK, let's set aside ICE and CBP, 
and let's negotiate those, but let's immediately fund other parts of 
the Department of Homeland Security, like TSA, FEMA, and the Coast 
Guard. We were resisted for a very long time, and then finally Senate 
Republicans agreed. There was no reason to hold TSA, for example, 
hostage to an out-of-control ICE operation. So we passed that out of 
the U.S. Senate, allowing those other entities to get funding.
  But what happened in the Republican-controlled House? Speaker Johnson 
refused to even let it come to a vote.
  And so here we are, and Republicans are putting forward their 
reconciliation bill for this fiscal year. Their top priority? At this 
moment, when Americans are seeing their bills go up, their costs rise, 
when American families have had to absorb the huge increases as a 
result of Trump's illegal, unconstitutional tariff taxes--which is 
estimated, on average, to cost American families $1,700 a year. By the 
way, the President should give those families their money back, and do 
it now.
  But as all of these costs are rising, Republicans here in Congress 
have decided to focus, instead, not on affordability but on using this 
special, rare process to do something else: to add to the slush fund 
for ICE and Customs and Border Patrol. And they are doing it in a way 
that doesn't require any Democratic votes. So this is Republicans only, 
so that is how we know that this is their top priority.
  And, by the way, they are wasting a ton of taxpayer money in the 
process--a lot of taxpayer money--on these warehouses that they are 
buying up around the country to retrofit for detention centers, often 
paying way over market value. In my State of Maryland, they have spent 
$102 million to buy a warehouse in Western Maryland to turn into a 
detention center. They did so without adequate notice, without 
consultation with the community, and it is going to put strains on 
local water supplies and sewage capacity.
  That warehouse project has been halted by a judge and is now being 
reconsidered by DHS, but $100 million of taxpayer money, already 
wasted.
  I don't think any of us are surprised by the priorities that have 
been put forward by the Trump administration and now with Republicans 
in Congress because it was right down the hall here that Donald Trump 
was sworn in, and he promised a golden age for America, for Americans. 
Well, he has been delivering a golden age--a Gilded Age--for his 
billionaire buddies.
  And despite what he said during his campaign when he said he was 
going to stop wars and bring down prices, he has started wars. Prices 
are going up. He is focused on building a gold-plated ballroom in the 
White House and new monuments to himself. He is focused on hiding 
portions of the Epstein files from survivors and the American people. 
He has been busy lying to the American people time and time again, 
telling them that prices are going down and the world is more peaceful 
and everybody is doing just great.
  He wants everybody to believe the dear leader; and, unfortunately, if 
you look at a Cabinet meeting these days, you can see all the Cabinet 
officials--the most billionaire-filled Cabinet in history--nodding 
along.
  But we can do better than that, and we should do better than that. We 
should listen to the concerns being expressed by people all over the 
country, and we should focus on bringing costs down and letting people 
have and keep

[[Page S1880]]

a little bit more of their hard-earned money--working people, not 
mostly the billionaires.
  Instead, we see this effort by Republicans simply to fatten an Agency 
that is out of control, engaged in lawless activity, instead of what is 
important to the American people.
  So I urge all of my colleagues to oppose--to strongly oppose--this 
reconciliation bill, which is simply an effort to stuff an illegal 
Agency like ICE at the expense of the American people.
  I yield the floor.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from Hawaii.
  Mr. SCHATZ. Mr. President, there is a lot going on in the country and 
the world. Gas is at 4 bucks a gallon nationwide, and it is 5.65 at my 
corner Shell station in Honolulu. Groceries are expensive. Electricity 
bills are rising at double the rate of inflation, and millions of 
Americans have lost their health insurance this year. People really are 
struggling just to get by, and we, in the U.S. Congress, have got to be 
focused on helping them.
  We have this very limited tool called reconciliation, and it is a way 
to circumvent the filibuster. It is a way to do things on just a purely 
partisan basis, and both parties have used this tool. It is really only 
available once every fiscal year. And without getting into the terribly 
boring details, it is basically spending or tax cuts. And that is the 
tool that we can use without having to compromise with the other side.
  Now, when we had the House and the Senate and the Presidency, we used 
that tool for the American Rescue Plan. In the middle of COVID, mass 
unemployment, we decided to stabilize everybody's salary so they 
wouldn't be unable to make their rent or their mortgage or put food on 
the table.
  And then we did the Inflation Reduction Act, which focused on 
reducing the cost of prescription medicine and attacking the climate 
crisis and providing tax credits for those who are working but not 
wealthy but not poor enough to qualify for an array of government 
programs.
  And so the most important thing to understand about what is happening 
today and tomorrow is not that Republicans are about to spend $70 
billion to fund an Agency that already has 7 years of prefunding, not 
that they are trying to make ICE--and will make ICE--more well-funded 
than the U.S. Marine Corps; it is not that Republicans refuse to make 
even the most reasonable reforms to hold ICE to the same standard that 
every local police department is held to--that you have to get a 
warrant before you conduct a search, that you have to introduce 
yourself, that you have to have a name and badge number, that there are 
very, very rare circumstances under which an officer should be 
permitted to wear a mask and conceal their face, and that there should 
be training in excess of 47 days.
  I want everybody to understand the reason ICE trainees were given 47 
days of training is to match up with the fact that this is the 47th 
President of the United States. It used to be many months of training. 
There used to be use-of-force training. They used to be treated like a 
normal law enforcement agency.
  Now, we can have a disagreement about the degree and extent of 
immigration policy and who should be in this country and who shouldn't, 
but I think what happened was they mistook people's dissatisfaction 
with the Biden border policy for license to go and terrorize 
communities.
  Everybody now agrees: Get the bad guys who don't belong here out of 
the country. Deport people who are committing violent crimes or 
dangerous crimes. Get them out of here. But everybody also understands 
that what ICE has done over the last year has been inhumane and made 
all of us less safe.
  And so we were at a negotiation about--again, these are not like some 
progressive wish list full of reforms; these are literally the things 
that the Honolulu Police Department, that the New York City Police 
Department, that any police department in a rural State or an urban 
State or anywhere across the country has to adhere to. And most law 
enforcement officers--Federal, State, county--are perfectly fine being 
well-trained, are perfectly fine having to get a warrant, are perfectly 
fine when there is an officer-involved shooting to have an independent 
investigation. All of that is normal, and most law enforcement officers 
say: Yeah, these guys are unusually poorly trained.
  And so we were in a negotiation to provide funding with reforms, but 
the Republicans ran out of patience. And so what we said was: Why don't 
we just go ahead and fund the Agencies that we all agree on--FEMA, the 
Cybersecurity function, the Coast Guard. So we passed this over on a 
bipartisan--not just a bipartisan basis, a unanimous basis out of this 
Chamber, and then the House killed it.
  And so they are stuck now trying to figure out how they are going to 
fund this Agency. So they are using their one legislative opportunity 
that comes only once every fiscal year to fund ICE and CBP for 3 years 
going forward.
  Why does that matter so much? First, it is a failure of just, like, 
basic legislating to solve a problem that everybody saw with their own 
eyes. When Alex Pretti and Renee Good were killed by Federal employees, 
it transcended politics; it transcended immigration policy. That is for 
sure. Nobody wanted to see that. But they didn't have the appetite to 
enact the most basic reforms, and so here we are. But that is not the 
most important part.
  The most important part is this: People are paying more for gas, for 
utilities, for food, for lumber, for housing, for healthcare, for every 
single aspect of their lives. And you would think even if--I am not 
accusing anybody of anything--but even if you didn't care about the 
actual material condition of your constituents, you would care that 
they were mad at you that everything was up. You would care that 
everything has gotten more expensive during Donald Trump's second term, 
especially since, by most accounts, he was elected because everything 
was too expensive.
  And so you would think these guys--they have the trifecta: They have 
the House; they have the Senate; they have the Presidency. And so they 
are going to go charging up the mountain and try to reduce the cost of 
living. That is what you should do with this reconciliation 
opportunity. That is what you should do. And, instead, they are 
spending $70 billion on this rogue Agency.
  So over the next couple of days, we are going to give them 
opportunities to enact good policy that would reduce the cost of 
living. There are a number of ways we could do that: We could restore 
the tax credits for the Affordable Care Act. We could reverse the 
tariffs that are attacks on every consumer across the United States of 
America. We could end this preposterous war, which is costing about $2 
billion a day and raising the price, by the way, not just of gasoline 
but of diesel, and not just of diesel but of fertilizer, which is an 
input for our agricultural industry. So everything is getting more 
expensive at the same time that we are spending $2 billion a day.
  Just to give you context, last year when the government was shut down 
over a healthcare fight, the amount in question was $23 billion for a 
year's worth of the Affordable Care Act tax credits. That is about 11 
days' worth of this war. And so don't let anybody tell you that there 
is not enough money. There is enough money. They are spending $2 
billion a day on this war that nobody asked for, nobody expected. It is 
not even working out--$2 billion a day. No end in sight. And then $70 
billion prefunding a Federal Agency that has already been prefunded.

  And so don't let anybody tell you there is not enough money. What 
there is not enough of is moral clarity. People are going broke, and we 
are, in fact, lighting money on fire in the government. It is just for 
all the wrong things.
  I yield the floor.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from Rhode Island.


                            S. Con. Res. 33

  Mr. REED. Mr. President, I rise today to oppose a budget resolution 
my Republican colleagues have put before the U.S. Senate.
  The American people are worried because of the pure chaos let loose 
on them by President Trump and the Republican majority--whether it is 
tariffs, billionaire tax cuts, or a war of choice with Iran.
  Today, in addition, Republicans have put before the Senate not a bill 
to help

[[Page S1881]]

average Americans cope with the higher prices for energy, food, and 
healthcare caused by their policies but instead a budget resolution 
that will dump another $140 billion into Border Patrol and Immigration 
and Customs Enforcement.
  This unpopular and excessive spending comes mere months after 
Republicans already gave these Agencies a first-of-its-kind slush fund 
of $140 billion--an amount that is around four to seven times their 
annual regular appropriations and dwarfs annual funding for programs 
like SNAP food assistance and housing choice vouchers that actually 
lower costs for Americans.
  The good news is that we will be giving our Republican colleagues a 
chance to correct this issue--to vote for funding and policies that 
actually help the American people. This includes a measure I intend to 
offer to rescind the Medicaid cuts Republicans and Donald Trump enacted 
last summer, which are depriving millions of Americans of health 
coverage.
  Since President Trump returned to the White House, billionaires have 
gotten richer and working-class Americans and middle-class Americans 
have been overrun with higher prices, overrun with an affordability 
crisis.
  The President's signature policy is his broad tariffs. As Americans 
struggled under the weight of ever-increasing costs, the President 
imposed new, illegal tariff taxes that added an extra $1,000 in 
additional costs to the average household budget last year, according 
to the nonpartisan Tax Foundation. And even though the bulk of Trump's 
tariffs were declared illegal by the Supreme Court, the Trump 
administration has fought to prevent Americans from getting their money 
back. Instead, with the help of this Republican Congress, the President 
is delivering financial relief to his real constituents--his 
billionaire and multimillionaire friends--giving the top one-tenth of 1 
percent--that is the top one-tenth of 1 percent--of households a huge 
$250,000 tax cut--$250,000 this year and every year going forward, 
unless we take action.
  To partially hide the cost of this huge giveaway which is adding $3.4 
trillion to the national deficit, Republicans cut Medicaid by nearly $1 
trillion and made health insurance, as a result, unaffordable for 
millions of working-class Americans. Roughly 15 million people in this 
country are projected to lose their health insurance over the next 
decade because of these trillion-dollar Republican cuts. In an act of 
cynicism, Republicans phased in these cuts to hit Americans just after 
the election this year. It is all part and parcel of the longstanding 
approach of ``say one thing but do another.''
  As you might recall, the President pledged to reduce inflation the 
first day he was in office. Actually, inflation has gone up. The first 
day in office, it was 3 percent; now it is 3.3 percent and likely to 
climb higher because of the situation in the Persian Gulf and the 
stress on oil production and distribution throughout the world.
  Some of these cuts to Medicaid have already taken place, and about 
1.5 million people were forced to drop their Affordable Care Act 
coverage during open enrollment this winter because of increased costs 
and the loss of tax credits for their premiums.
  In my home State of Rhode Island, 10,000 people lost their health 
insurance. That is a 20-percent drop in coverage from that population. 
Before President Trump came into office and began decimating our 
healthcare system, Rhode Island was on track to have one of the lowest 
rates of uninsured individuals in the country: 2.2 percent.
  There was still much work to be done--lowering costs further, 
requiring even more drug companies to negotiate lower prices, cutting 
out-of-pocket costs, increasing the healthcare workforce to make it 
easier to find a doctor, finding more cures and treatment by funding 
biomedical research, and more than that--but the Trump administration 
is not doing any of that. Instead, people are losing their healthcare, 
and it is just costing everyone more money in the long run.
  When people get sick and don't have health insurance, they will end 
up eventually in the emergency room with a much more serious case and a 
much more costly case, which is more expensive than these premiums that 
we were helping people afford. And those costs--the cost of the 
uninsured going to emergency rooms, the cost of the problems 
contemplated by the failure to have health insurance--will be passed on 
to everyone. They will drive up health costs for businesses, families, 
States, and the Federal Government.
  We are seeing that already not just in Rhode Island but across the 
country. Because of the anticipated loss of Medicaid funds, Blue Cross 
and the other insurance companies are already raising their premiums 
for private healthcare insurance. And that will go up and up and up, so 
that no one is escaping these cuts. It is not just a few of the poor 
people; it is everyone.
  We have to do much, much more. These healthcare cuts are not making 
people healthier. They are not cost-effective. They are just a way to 
pay for tax cuts, in summary.
  With households reeling from his tariff cuts--or shocks, I should 
say; they are not really cuts, they are raises--and healthcare cuts, 
President Trump upped the ante by unilaterally choosing to attack Iran 
and close a huge portion of the global oil industry. Any economist 
could have predicted what came next when you shut down 20 percent of 
the world's oil. Gas prices spiked from an average of $2.98 per gallon 
to a recent high of $4.17 per gallon. Diesel shot up above $5.60 a 
gallon and hit record highs in at least six States. Heating oil has 
gone above $5 per gallon, putting even greater pressure on household 
budgets. We are seeing costs overwhelm working families in Rhode 
Island. Their healthcare has gone up. Gasoline prices are going up. 
Heating oil is going up. Groceries are going up.
  Our farmers are being impacted because the Strait of Hormuz is the 
passage point for a huge amount of fertilizer or fertilizer components, 
and it is hitting farmers all over this country and all over the world.
  What we are seeing, though, is that the President is not only not 
getting it, but he is also asking Congress to eliminate existing aid 
that lowers home energy costs, provides affordable housing, and helps 
families pay for groceries. All of this was in his recent budget 
proposal. In each of these instances, the President chose to take 
policy actions that any rational person knows would make it harder for 
families to afford the cost of living.
  Under his watch, food staples like ground beef and coffee have hit 
record highs. So have new car and home prices, which now sit at almost 
$50,000 and over $400,000 respectively. Health insurers in the 
Affordable Care Act Marketplace increased prices 26 percent in 2026, 
and business plans, as I said, are also going up--the private insurance 
that company owners have to pay for.
  Right now, the Senate should be considering bread-and-butter issues 
like these. We should invest in the American people by ensuring every 
family can access programs like SNAP, Housing Choice vouchers, and the 
Affordable Care Act Marketplace so that no one has to worry about food, 
housing, or health insurance.
  Unfortunately, this budget does not do a single thing to lower 
prices. Instead, it unlocks reconciliation, a process that will allow 
Republicans to ram through another partisan bill that funds two rogue 
Federal Agencies--ICE and Customs and Border Protection--without any 
accountability for their operations.
  These Agencies spent the bulk of last year intimidating Americans 
throughout our Nation instead of conducting themselves like true law 
enforcement professionals. They were not seeking hardened criminals who 
were threats to the community. They were not stationed at the border, 
keeping a watchful eye for smugglers and those types. They were sent en 
masse to cities like Minneapolis and elsewhere to conduct seemingly 
random roundups. That is not real law enforcement. That is not the way 
to reform our broken immigration system. And that is certainly not the 
kind of activity that merits $140 billion more in taxpayer money.
  Indeed, ICE officers tragically killed two Americans in the past 
year, and 48 immigrants have died in custody since the start of 2025. 
Together with Customs and Border Protection, ICE deployments have 
forced States and cities to shoulder tens of millions of dollars in new 
costs. Businesses in municipalities that weathered ICE surges lost 
customers and revenue as Federal

[[Page S1882]]

agents took over streets and intimidated local residents.
  This is all bad enough, but House Republicans have taken it one step 
further and are holding funding for the Coast Guard, FEMA, and the rest 
of DHS hostage until they can grab another $140 billion for ICE and 
Customs and Border Protection.
  Again, neither ICE nor Customs and Border Protection needs more 
money. Republicans used the reconciliation process last summer to 
provide $140 billion to these two Agencies, which usually receive less 
than $30 billion a year in total annual funding.
  What these Agencies need is not more money but more accountability--
commonsense measures like requiring that all agents wear body-worn 
cameras and visible identification, while prohibiting the use of masks. 
You will not find a professional police force in this country that goes 
about their community in masks with no identification. We are just 
asking ICE to be professionals, to do what every other police force in 
this country--State, local--does and does each day.
  We want to require agents to obtain a judicial warrant, signed by a 
neutral judge, before entering private property rather than relying on 
administrative warrants. We have seen incidents where ICE crashed into 
a house, grabbed an individual out, half-clothed, took him to their 
detention facility, and it turns out the individual was an American 
citizen, not an illegal alien. Why? Well, one reason was they didn't 
have the scrutiny of a real judge pledged to enforce the law; rather, 
they just asked their boss--``Sign this, please''--and they were off to 
create harm in a community.
  We also want to prohibit agents from targeting hospitals, schools, 
daycare centers, churches, places of worship, holy places, and 
courthouses for immigration enforcement raids. This is something that 
we must do. These are places of community. These are places of 
religious observation, not a place to trap people and haul them away.
  Now, to avoid confronting the malfeasance of ICE and Customs and 
Border Protection and to avoid addressing the damage their economic 
policies are causing, Senate Republicans are pushing partisan 
legislation to double down on their mistakes, giving more money to out-
of-control Federal Agencies and failing to do a thing to help average 
Americans in this economy. We all--all Americans--deserve better.
  In amendment after amendment during this debate, Senate Democrats 
will be giving our Republican colleagues the chance to stand up and do 
the right thing, to fix President Trump's mistakes, reverse the blunder 
of their Medicaid cuts, and start solving our affordability crisis. And 
I hope we will all join together and make those wise choices to help 
the American people.
  With that, Mr. President, I yield the floor.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. Moreno). The Senator from Missouri.
  Mr. SCHMITT. Mr. President, I rise again on this pressing matter of 
funding law enforcement, and the stakes couldn't be higher. Just weeks 
ago, I stood on this floor and warned that we would be back. Democrats 
blocked full funding for border security and deportations. They chose a 
radical ideology over the safety of the American people, yet again.
  Now, we return with reconciliation as our vehicle, and we will not 
fail. This time, we will finish what the American people elected us to 
do--enforce our immigration laws and deport those who defy them, 
because this is not just another spending debate. This is a test of 
whether or not we are still a sovereign nation.
  For decades, Washington has operated under a dangerous lie that 
America is an economic zone, not a nation; merely an economy, not a 
people; merely a labor market, and not a home. Under that lie, borders 
became suggestions, citizenship became paperwork, and enforcement 
became optional.
  Then came the 4-year invasion, 15 million illegal immigrants flooding 
across our border--criminals, rapists, murderers. And the American 
people were told to accept the consequences in their wages, their 
schools, their hospitals, their neighborhoods, and sometimes at the 
grave sites of their children.
  The American people were told to accept the affordability crisis 
caused by the massive influx of millions of aliens who suppressed 
Americans' wages, and Democrats nodded along as Joe Biden let it 
happen. The American people were told to accept higher rent. They were 
told to accept higher housing prices as millions of new neighbors 
flooded their communities, driving up costs. We saw that surge account 
for up to 100 percent of rental price growth in our most populous 
States--in two-thirds nationwide. That is the root cause of today's 
affordability crisis.
  And on national security, the threat is very real. We have seen 
individuals from over 100 countries cross our borders--cartels, 
traffickers, and foreign adversaries ready to exploit weakness. Without 
enforcement, our southern border becomes a superhighway for cartels, 
crime, drugs, and terror.
  But beyond economics and security, there is something deeper at 
stake. Our Nation isn't a marketplace. It is a people, a shared 
history, a culture, a way of life. Our Nation is woven together by our 
faith, our families, our freedoms. Our Nation has language, a memory, a 
border, and a people with the sovereign right to decide who gets to 
join them.
  American citizenship is not a property interest to be conferred upon 
anyone who flies under the radar long enough. American citizenship is a 
covenant. It confers extraordinary rights but also demands obligations, 
loyalty, gratitude, humility, and the fidelity to the Nation and its 
people.
  And when millions enter illegally--without assimilation, without 
limits, without enforcement--you don't get unity. You get division. You 
get a country that no longer knows who it is, and that is what we are 
here to stop.
  This package funds the machinery of enforcement Democrats spent years 
trying to dismantle. It funds ICE. It funds CBP. It funds detention 
capacity, transportation, officers, agents, removal operations, and the 
hard infrastructure required to carry out deportations at scale.
  The point is simple: A deportation order means nothing without a 
detention bed. A detention bed means nothing without agents. Agents 
mean nothing without transportation. And immigration law means nothing 
if Congress refuses to fund the men and women charged with enforcing 
it.
  We have seen the costs of that failure. We have seen what this chaos 
looks like up close. It runs like a river of sin cutting through our 
land--murder, rape, arson, torture. Innocent Americans--daughters, 
sons, families--lost because the law was not enforced before the crime; 
lost because the Democrats have chosen illegal aliens over their fellow 
citizens, a choice made time and time again by the Democrats.
  When given the choice between funding deportations and protecting 
sanctuary jurisdictions, Democrats chose sanctuary jurisdictions. When 
given the choice between detention beds and catch-and-release, 
Democrats chose release. When given the choice between American 
citizens and illegal aliens, Democrats chose illegal aliens, and the 
human cost of that decision is staggering.
  The destiny of the American Nation is not to manifest death and 
destruction upon its own people through lawlessness and subversion of 
law enforcement. The destiny of this Nation--our Nation--is to be 
great, to be sovereign, and to be free.
  We will not accept a system where action only comes after an 
American's blood is spilled on American soil. We will not defund law 
enforcement as Democrats argue for. We will not force our agents to do 
more with less while anarchy spreads like a plague. And we will not 
accept the lie that enforcement must always be delayed, diluted, or 
denied.

  We are going to restore order. That means ending sanctuary policies 
that shield criminal illegal aliens. It means cutting off the 
incentives that fuel illegal immigration. It means giving our agents 
every tool they need to do their jobs.
  To my Democrat colleagues, the American people rejected your open 
borders agenda. They voted for law and order. They voted for 
sovereignty. They voted for the deportations law enforcement will 
deliver.
  And we are going to deliver.
  To my Republican colleagues, this is our moment. For too long, we 
talked about these problems without solving them. That era is over. We 
have a real

[[Page S1883]]

opportunity right now to change the trajectory of this country; to 
restore the rule of law; to restore sovereignty; to restore our 
trajectory, our destiny; to restore the American Nation. And we cannot 
afford to fail because this is more than just about policy. It is about 
whether or not our kids inherit a country that has the guts to enforce 
its laws and protect its own citizens.
  We will not let America become a place where citizenship means 
nothing, where borders mean nothing, where the good and the heroic 
people who built this country are treated as enemies, while politicians 
refuse to notify law enforcement when a criminal illegal alien is being 
released from prison and into our communities.
  I reject that future and so do the American people.
  Citizenship is not merely paperwork. It is a covenant among our 
people. The first duty of the Federal Government is not to the world, 
not to an NGO, not to foreign nations or nationalists. It is not to the 
cheap labor lobby either. Its first duty is to its citizens.
  The American people are watching. They will remember who stood with 
them and who stood in the way. The safety of our citizens isn't 
optional. The rule of law isn't optional. And our duty to defend both 
is not optional.
  We will fund ICE. We will fund CBP. We will fund law enforcement. We 
will enforce our laws, and we will protect the American people, no 
matter how many times and for how long we have to return to this floor.
  We will finish the job.
  I yield the floor.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from Tennessee.
  Mrs. BLACKBURN. Mr. President, well here we are. And for more than 2 
months, our colleagues and friends across the aisle have decided that 
they were going to hold the Department of Homeland Security shut down, 
kind of hold them hostage.
  And for that same 2 months, Republicans have been trying every single 
day to negotiate with them in good faith to find a resolution to this.
  Well, they claimed, if they could just reform ICE, they would be 
happy. And, where reasonable, the White House offered to implement 
updated guidelines for ICE agents, including expanding the use of body-
warn cameras, limiting civil immigration enforcement at certain 
sensitive locations, and enforcing the use of visible officer ID during 
enforcement actions.
  Well, that sounds reasonable. Those were all things they wanted. But 
do you know what? All of a sudden, that wasn't enough. They rejected 
every offer to reopen the Department of Homeland Security.
  Since February, they have taken 16 votes--not 1 or 2, but 16 votes--
against reopening the Department of Homeland Security.
  One thing has become very clear, and it is this: For the Democrats, 
shutting down DHS is not a means to accomplish other policy goals. It 
is not a negotiating tactic. Keeping Homeland Security shut down is the 
goal. That is what they want.
  Now, you come to that realization because when everything you put on 
the table--things they have said they are for, things they have said 
they wanted to see done--and they reject it all. They reject it all. 
Nothing suits them because they have wanted to keep DHS shut down.
  And their goal is to abolish ICE. Their goal is to defund law 
enforcement.
  So they found out that that was really not that popular with the 
American people because the American people want safe communities.
  They think we should have public safety as a goal and they have 
watched what the Democrats have done and they have decided they don't 
like this. They like the fact that Republicans, that President Trump, 
has been focused on public safety.
  You know, that is one of the reasons that the American people sent 
President Trump back to the Oval Office. It was to make certain that we 
were focused on our Nation's security, that we were focused on safe 
communities, that we were apprehending people that were in the country 
illegally, that individuals that were in the country illegally who had 
committed crimes were being apprehended and were being deported.
  And I will say this: Since Inauguration Day, President Trump has 
delivered on his promise that he would restore law and order and he 
would bring law and order to the southern border after 4 years of solid 
chaos down there and, what we know, at least 10 million illegal aliens 
coming into this country.
  For 11 consecutive months, CBP has released zero--zero--illegal 
aliens into our country, think about that, 11 months in a row. Now, 
under Joe Biden, border apprehensions were soaring, and what we saw 
last month was the stat that border apprehensions were down 97 percent 
from the same time in Joe Biden's term.
  For most Americans, they like this, and they like the fact that the 
border is secure. They like the fact that drug dealers and sex 
traffickers are not coming into the country. They like the fact that 
people have to go to a port of entry, and they have to show their 
documents if they want to come into our precious country.
  But you know what? That isn't what the Democrats want. They want to 
end President Trump's success at the southern border. They want to 
abolish ICE. They want to bring back the Biden years of rising crime, 
crime in your community's streets. They want to bring back drug 
trafficking. They want to bring back human trafficking and sex 
trafficking and lawlessness.
  If you look at where their priorities are and where they spend their 
time and the votes they cast, that is what you see. Open the border, 
abolish ICE, defund the police, bring back the Biden years of rising 
crime, chaos, drug trafficking, human smuggling, sex trafficking, and 
lawlessness.
  Now, as Republicans, we have said we are not going to stand for this, 
which is why we are moving to fully fund ICE and CBP for years to come 
through this reconciliation.
  Our budget committee is chaired by Senator Graham, and he has 
introduced the budget resolution that is going to unlock a pathway for 
a public safety reconciliation bill.
  Now, I don't see who can be against public safety. This is a 
targeted, focused bill, focused on public safety, something everybody 
should want not only for our Nation but for their cities and States.
  Now, by doing this public safety reconciliation bill, we can fund 
these vital Agencies, and we can do it with a simple majority vote. 
This is how we were able to pass the Big Beautiful Bill with the 
working families tax cuts, and, indeed, I think many people have taken 
advantage of those extra tax cuts that were in that bill as they filed 
their taxes this year.
  Now, every single Democrat who votes against funding for border 
enforcement is going to have to explain to their constituents why they 
put the concerns of illegal aliens before the concerns of the citizens 
who voted for them.
  Tennesseans are really sick and tired of the games that are being 
played up here, primarily these games by the Democrats where they are 
not funding DHS. And they are frustrated when they see that Congress 
isn't getting things done.
  This week, I did a telephone townhall. I love doing these. We have 
thousands of Tennesseans on the line with us, and some of the questions 
that I got were: Why can't we fund border enforcement? We should want 
to keep the border closed so we know who is coming in here. Who could 
be opposed to that?
  Why can't we pass the SAVE America Act? You know, 83 percent of the 
American people, not just Republicans or Independents or Democrats, but 
83 percent of the American people want us to pass the SAVE America Act.
  It is very simple. If you are going to register to vote in our 
country, you have got to prove that you are a U.S. citizen--common 
sense. Most every country does that. You have got to be a citizen if 
you are going to vote in their elections.
  And next, they want to make certain that when you go to vote, you 
show an ID. Thirty-six of our States require already that you show an 
ID.
  We have got 14 States, primarily blue States, that do not require 
that you show an ID. To the American people, it is common sense. So 
they ask: Why can't we pass the SAVE America Act? Why can't we 
prioritize our national security amid a conflict that is going on with 
Iran, who is the world's largest state sponsor of terrorism?

[[Page S1884]]

  We should be prioritizing our Nation's security. And time and again, 
as I answered these questions, I would tell Tennesseans the Democrat 
agenda is completely at odds with the interests of the American people. 
They are going to do anything and everything they can to undermine 
President Donald Trump because they don't like him. And they have TDS.
  And so to them what they are trying to do is stall and not fund the 
Agencies that are here to support what the American people want to see 
done.
  Now, despite all these efforts, Democrats can't stop us from putting 
the American people first, addressing the concerns, meeting the needs 
of the American people.
  So we will move forward with our reconciliation bill. We will move 
forward with fully reopening the Department of Homeland Security as 
soon as we possibly can, and we will move forward with making certain 
the American people know that the Democrats have used them as a pawn. 
They didn't want to negotiate. Nothing was ever good enough. Their goal 
was to abolish ICE and to defund the police.
  I yield the floor.
  I suggest the absence of a quorum.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The clerk will call the roll.
  The legislative clerk proceeded to call the roll.
  Ms. BALDWIN. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that the order 
for the quorum call be rescinded.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without objection, it is so ordered.
  The Senator from Wisconsin.


                                  Iran

  Ms. BALDWIN. Mr. President, I rise today to end President Trump's war 
in Iran. This vote could not come at a more crucial time.
  Today was supposed to be end of the cease-fire that is hanging on by 
a thread. While the President said that it will be extended, we have no 
idea until when. We have no idea if the President will, as he has many 
times, change his position and go through with his threat to commit war 
crimes and bomb civilian infrastructure.
  So now is the time to act. We simply do not have any time to waste 
and see if an entire civilization will die because the President gets 
impatient.
  This entire war has been unnecessary, illegal, and unwise. We need to 
put a check on this President before it gets even worse.
  Unfortunately, the President has shown us that he did not have a plan 
after day one. The President said that the war would be over in a 
matter of days. We are coming up on the 2-month mark with no real end 
in sight. And over the course of 50-plus days, we have seen nothing 
short of a disaster. This war has caused irreparable damage to 
families, to the American people, to our standing in the world, and to 
our economy.
  We have lost 13 American servicemembers, with hundreds of others 
injured, many seriously. Thousands of civilians have been killed 
including many dozens of schoolgirls by an errant U.S. bomb.
  President Trump's war has delivered higher costs for Americans at the 
pump with families paying more than $1 more per gallon since the war 
started. And I would be remiss if I didn't say that even the Trump 
administration is now admitting that those costs are going to be here 
to stay, given the mess they created in the Strait of Hormuz.
  It has jacked up the cost of fertilizer and fuel for Wisconsin 
farmers. Soon enough, this will also mean higher costs at the checkout 
counter at the grocery store for families as my farmers simply can't 
eat those costs.
  The cost of the war--which the administration won't even tell us 
outside of classified settings--is in the tens of billions of dollars, 
and the American taxpayers are footing the bill.
  Iran's resolve is hardened and, arguably, so is its regime. And they 
are still in control of its enriched uranium.
  This war has taken us backward and created more problems for the 
people that I work for. The American people have been crystal clear 
that they do not want this war. They want what they were promised from 
this President: lower costs and no foreign wars. They were sold a bad 
bill of goods and now are left cleaning it up.
  It is time for Congress to do its job and end this war now. I 
encourage my colleagues to vote yes on this resolution.
  I yield the floor.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from California.
  Mr. SCHIFF. Mr. President, today the Iranians claimed to have seized 
two ships in the Strait of Hormuz, while firing on a third. The 
President has ordered the blockade of Iranian ports to continue, even 
as he announced a cease-fire, even as he backed off yet another 
apocalyptic threat.
  In short, we are approaching the end of the second month of Trump's 
Iran war, and there is no end to the conflict or the confusion in 
sight.
  Sadly, there is little sense that a deal is in the offing or what 
that deal would look like and whether our security will be any better 
if and when the President declares some kind of Pyrrhic victory. But 
this much we know already: This war has come at a terrible cost.
  First and foremost, there has been the tragic loss of human lives. 
Mr. President, 13 of our servicemembers have been killed, including CW3 
Robert Marzan of California. Over 200 U.S. servicemembers have been 
injured, some seriously. Our hearts go out to all of the families and 
communities from which they come.
  Scores of Iranian civilians have also been killed including over a 
hundred at a girl's school that appears to have been mistakenly bombed 
by the United States. There have also been casualties in Israel and the 
Gulf States, the total number of which is still unknown.
  Second, there is the economic cost to the American taxpayer to the 
tune of tens of billions of dollars--maybe when this conflict is over, 
hundreds of billions of dollars. Every American family will already be 
asked to pay over $1,000 as their contribution to a war they did not 
want, which their Representatives in Congress did not vote to approve.
  Just imagine what that means. For that price, America could have paid 
for universal pre-K for all of our kids. Think about that. Every 
American child could have had pre-K for the likely cost of this war. In 
a very real sense, the early childhood education of our kids will 
suffer because this President chose to invest in bombing Iran instead 
of educating our kids.

  A hospital costs around $100 million. That means there could have 
been 200 hospitals in 200 communities around the country for the cost 
of this war. One of those communities just might have been yours. Those 
hospitals will never be built because this President, who promised no 
more foreign wars, no more regime change wars, no more stupid wars, 
broke his promise. Diminished healthcare for you and your family is a 
cost of the war.
  Third, you are paying much higher prices for gas, electricity, 
groceries, and more as a result of this war. Why? Because of the 
eminently predictable action Iran has taken to close a vital shipping 
lane--the Strait of Hormuz.
  General Caine reportedly warned President Trump that Iran was very 
likely to take this action. Frankly, it didn't require a military 
genius to reach that conclusion.
  But drunk on his own power, convinced of his own infallibility, this 
is a President, after all, who just said that he would have won the 
Vietnam war very quickly. Donald Trump could not conceive of anything 
other than a quick Iranian capitulation. Sadly, though, this has not 
been the case, and there is still no end to the conflict or the higher 
prices Americans are paying.
  An average family--your family--can expect to pay at least $1,000 
more a year in costs like those at the pump as a result of Trump's Iran 
war; and that is on top of another $1,000 in taxes to pay for all the 
bombs that we are dropping on that country.
  And, finally, we are paying an additional cost for this war from the 
fact that the case for this war was never made to the country or to the 
Congress, from the fact that our Republican colleagues in the majority 
have refused thus far to hold a single hearing on the war. I am told 
maybe there will be one at the end of next week.
  And the American people are not informed about the purpose, the 
goals, the duration, the price tag, and more of this conflict because 
we have had no open hearings on it.
  And that cost is this: more wars by this President or future 
Presidents because Congress has refused to exercise its constitutional 
authority over war.

[[Page S1885]]

And that cost could be the most substantial of all because the 
establishment of a precedent in which the President can initiate a war 
of enormous consequence, a war in which we pay a tremendous cost in 
life and treasure--without any input, without any approval--that 
precedent may lead to additional wars, needless wars, dangerous and 
damaging wars, which brings us to this moment and to this War Powers 
Resolution and the need to use our constitutional power to bring an end 
to this war.
  I urge an aye vote.
  I yield the floor.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from Connecticut.
  Mr. MURPHY. Mr. President, I want to thank my colleague Senator 
Baldwin and others for continuing to bring this debate before the 
Senate again. It is just extraordinary that this is the most 
significant military action that the United States has taken in 
decades. And there has yet to be one single hearing, one single debate, 
one single vote on an authorization of military force.
  I want to target my remarks today on just what has happened over the 
past 2 weeks because we tend to bounce from one news cycle to the next 
without being able to really connect together the growing incompetence 
that has defined the management of this war.
  We shouldn't sugar-coat or normalize this degree of gross, 
unacceptable incompetence being exercised here. We essentially have a 
talk show host and a couple of real estate developers who are in charge 
of our war strategy, and we are getting essentially what you would 
expect if you put a talk show host and a handful of real estate 
developers in charge of a major Middle East war.
  If millions of lives weren't at stake--and that is really what is at 
stake as the global economy threatens to melt down because of rising 
gas prices and the fact that one-third of all fertilizer supply is 
right now stuck in the Strait of Hormuz. I mean, if this wasn't really 
about millions of lives being at stake, this would be the stuff of 
farce, one mistake just compounded by another.
  So many of us believe this war has to end right now because as each 
mistake gets bigger than the next, the hole for the United States, for 
American families, for our national security gets deeper and deeper.
  So I am literally just going to very quickly run you through what has 
happened in the last 2 weeks.
  So we all remember on April 7, when Trump posts on social media that 
he is going to destroy Iran's entire civilization. He says:

       A whole civilization will die tonight, never to be brought 
     back again.

  Later that day, he announces that there has been a cease-fire. But 
within hours, there is essentially diametrically opposed 
interpretations from Trump and the Iranians as to the terms of that 
cease-fire. The next day, he puts out a series of posts saying:

       A big day for World Peace! Iran wants it to happen, they've 
     had enough! Likewise, so has [everybody] else. The United 
     States of America will be helping with the traffic buildup in 
     the Strait of Hormuz. There will be lots of positive action!

  By the end of day on April 8, the cease-fire has fallen apart. Iran 
says that a cease-fire in Lebanon is also necessary in order to get the 
Strait of Hormuz opened. Trump is unable to secure that. So by the end 
of the day, the day after the cease-fire is announced, the cease-fire 
no longer exists.
  Two days later on April 10, Trump sends his Vice President JD Vance 
to Pakistan for negotiations.
  On April 11, those negotiations are concluded after what appears to 
be an hour or two of face-to-face negotiations. Vance gets right back 
on a plane after--having spent an entire day--1 day--negotiating the 
end of this war to come back to the United States.
  That day, Trump says:

       Their Leadership is DEAD!

  Not true.

       The Strait of Hormuz will soon be open . . .

  Not true. The U.S. delegation, led by Vance, comes back to the United 
States without an agreement.
  On April 12, Trump announces--this is the day after the negotiations 
fall apart--that he is setting up a blockade. So the Iranians have a 
blockade on the strait. Now Trump announces a layered second blockade. 
But he is still saying that negotiations are going great. He says:

       [T]he meeting the day before went well, most points were 
     agreed to, but the only point that really mattered, NUCLEAR, 
     was not.

  Of course, that is not true. Virtually nothing was agreed to in that 
meeting.
  He says the next day that his negotiators, who were talking about a 
20-year moratorium on enrichment of uranium, do not have his support. 
He says:

       I have been saying they can't have nuclear weapons . . . so 
     I don't like the 20 years.

  I mean, we have never seen this before--literally a President in 
public contradicting his negotiators who were negotiating the terms of 
an agreement just 2 days ago.
  Three days later, on April 17, Trump says that Iran again has agreed 
to everything, including removing enriched uranium. Trump says our 
people are just going to go get the uranium and bring it back to the 
United States.
  Within hours, Iran says this is not true. They say: We have the 
right--a sacred right--to enrich uranium on our soil.
  Trump says his negotiators are not considering releasing sanctions. 
Two of his negotiators go to the press and say they were talking about 
releasing sanctions.
  Again, this is just diplomatic malpractice. The President of the 
United States and his negotiators are arguing with each other in public 
through the media.
  Then, on April 19, Trump says he is sending Steve Witkoff and Jared 
Kushner to Pakistan for new talks. The top negotiator, JD Vance , 
apparently has been sidelined. The administration then says Vance is 
indeed going to Pakistan. Trump goes back to the press and says Vance 
is not going to Pakistan. The White House scrambles again and confirms 
that Vance will be going. The problem is that the Iranians have not 
agreed to the negotiations.
  So a day later, the President says Vance and his delegation are on 
their way. Come to find out they are not leaving for Pakistan because 
the Iranians are not agreeing to negotiate.
  I mean, I get it that we have come to kind of normalize this kind of 
incompetence, this kind of planned, executed chaos, but we are on the 
floor week after week asking our colleagues to end this war because 
this is an embarrassment to the United States of America. The President 
and his negotiators are arguing in public with each other. The 
President is literally deciding by the hour whether his son-in-law is 
in charge of the negotiations or whether the Vice President is in 
charge of the negotiations. The President is lying consistently about 
the nature of the negotiations, saying things have been agreed to that 
clearly have not been agreed to--helping the Iranians blockade the 
strait.
  We have never seen a foreign conflict mismanaged in public like this 
before. I understand many of my Republican colleagues want to support 
their President, but we are becoming a laughingstock in the world while 
at the same time, we are hurting Americans who are now paying billions 
more in gas prices. We are risking a global famine as fertilizer is 
unavailable to poor farmers all over the world, and economies are 
shutting down because of the high price and shortage of fuel.
  The costs of keeping this war going 1 more day are just too high both 
in reputational costs to the United States but also in the cost to 
lives and the pocketbooks of millions of Americans.
  I know my Republican colleagues have a hard time breaking with their 
President. I will say that many of us--in closing--on the Democratic 
side certainly had a hard time breaking with our President as well, 
whether it was Barack Obama or Joe Biden, but on multiple occasions, we 
did. Many of us stood on this floor and argued against President 
Obama's intervention in the Yemen war. Many of us stood on this floor 
and argued against Biden's policy in Gaza. That wasn't easy, but we 
thought it was important for us to separate ourselves from our party 
loyalty when we thought our President had gotten it wrong for America's 
national security.
  It is time for our Republican colleagues to join us in one of these 
resolutions because it is just so clear to the entire world that if 
this war continues

[[Page S1886]]

even for another day, the reputational cost to the United States is 
potentially unrecoverable.
  I yield the floor.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from Virginia.
  Mr. KAINE. Mr. President, I rise to support my colleague Senator 
Baldwin's War Powers Resolution. I have spoken on all of these 
resolutions now going back to the very beginning of the war. I will not 
be long. I thank my colleague for bringing this forward.
  In just the news of today, one aspect of the war is the increasing 
fuel costs and its effect on the global economy. There have been three 
news items just in the last 3 hours.
  First, Lufthansa Airlines is canceling thousands of flights because 
of increased fuel costs.
  Second, the American airline Spirit Airlines is on the verge of 
bankruptcy, with the U.S. Government considering the need to bail out 
Spirit Airlines.
  Finally, there has been an announcement within the last couple of 
hours by United Airlines--one of our largest carriers--that they 
believe they may have to increase airfares by up to 20 percent for some 
significant time into the future to recoup the costs of additional 
aviation fuel.
  If you just think back to February 27, it seems like a long time ago 
now because so much has happened. Less than 2 months ago, oil prices 
were normal, the Strait of Hormuz was open, and commerce was happening. 
Then President Trump made the decision--without a rationale, without a 
plan, without consulting with allies, without consulting or seeking a 
vote of Congress--to enter the Nation into yet another war in the 
Middle East.
  The entire world is suffering, but the suffering that matters the 
most to me is the suffering of Americans--the 13 families who have lost 
loved ones in an unnecessary war and the hundreds of our military 
members who have been injured and their lives forever altered going 
forward.
  I want to say this to my colleagues: You made a really good point. 
This is a critical moment. We are in a cease-fire. It is actually 
easier to stop something when you are in a cease-fire.

  If we could vote yes on this resolution and get it to the House, it 
could have the effect of extending the cease-fire so that we don't 
start bombing again.
  We know the President has been going back and forth. He came within a 
few hours last night of ending the cease-fire, of calling for a 
renewing of the bombing that has killed civilians and that has 
dramatically damaged civilian infrastructure in Iran. Yet, at the very 
last minute, as he is prone to do, he changed his mind and said the 
cease-fire should be extended. I salute that.
  For whatever the reason or however he is going to describe it, 
extending the cease-fire is the right thing to do because all of this 
gets harder when bombs start falling again. The regime's backbone gets 
stiffer and stiffer. Their desire to retaliate grows stronger and 
stronger. The chaos in the region escalates the threat to American 
troops. It escalates. This all gets harder if bombs start falling 
again.
  So while we are in the moment of a cease-fire that is fragile and 
that may not be counted upon to last for very long, if we could pass 
Senator Baldwin's resolution, we would send the strong message that 
Congress wants the pause. We want the pause. We don't want this war to 
pick up again unless or until we have the debate and the vote that the 
Constitution requires. That would be the right thing to have happen. 
That would be respecting our troops.
  I will conclude and just say this: After nearly 14 years on the Armed 
Services Committee representing one of the most military States in the 
country and thinking as a military dad ``What is it that we owe our 
troops?'' we owe our troops the resources that they need.
  My colleagues and I on both sides of the aisle every year pass the 
Defense authorizing bill. It is the only bill that we have passed every 
year for 63, 64 years in a row. This is something for which, in a 
bipartisan way, we join together to make sure that our troops have the 
resources they need. That is the first thing we owe them.
  The second thing we owe our troops is respect, and that is why so 
many of us on both sides of the aisle go out of our way, as we are 
traveling around our States, to spend time with our military families 
and to thank those who serve. When we have the opportunity during 
recess, we travel around the world to see our troops in harm's way. We 
look them in the eye and thank them for the sacrifices they make.
  But I would argue that an even more important way to respect our 
troops--even more than the resources we provide and the thanks we 
offer--is to not use them for missions that are not worth their risking 
their lives for. Let's not use them for stupid reasons. Let's use them 
for good reasons--when war is the last resort that must occur in order 
to protect America. At that point, our troops who have signed up have 
volunteered for a mission that they know might be dangerous, and yes, 
we should deploy them in those circumstances. But when we use troops 
foolishly, as we often have during my lifetime--in Vietnam and in Iraq, 
where they served bravely, but in a way, they were betrayed by poor 
civilian decisionmaking--that is the cardinal form of disrespect to our 
troops.
  The way we use them in the right way is by having this kind of a 
debate about whether a mission is in the national interest before we 
send them in to risk their lives.
  Senator Baldwin's motion at this moment when we are at a cease-fire 
gives us a chance to step back, have that debate, and have that vote. 
In full view of the American people, those who want to make the case 
that this war is worth it should be able to make that case, and those 
of us who don't believe it is worth it should make that case. Then we 
would have a vote, and the answer would be in accord with the process 
set out by the Framers of our Constitution.
  If the will of Congress is that we should go to war, I might disagree 
with it, but I would argue that it was done lawfully, just as our 
Framers demanded, but if, as I imagine, the full debate and vote in 
these bodies does not provide sufficient votes to authorize the war, 
how dare we keep asking our troops to risk their lives for something we 
are unwilling to vote for.
  With that, I yield the floor.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. Schmitt). The Senator from New Jersey.
  Mr. BOOKER. Mr. President, I want to thank my colleague Tammy Baldwin 
for bringing this War Powers Resolution to the floor and for forcing it 
onto the Senate. By its own prerogative, the leadership on the 
Republican side did not want to have a debate or a discussion about a 
war that is affecting every single American.
  Remember, the problem we have right now, which I will talk about, is 
not just the actions of a President; it is the inaction of this body.
  Today, what my colleague is doing is saying: No, we will not have 
business as usual. We will not just go about as if there is not a 
cataclysmic war going on. We will not go about as if we are not 
spending billions of dollars a week overseas that are desperately 
needed resources here at home.
  My colleague is saying: No, we are not going to let the Senate 
operate as business as usual. We are going to force a debate and a 
discussion and a vote because the Senate is abdicating its 
responsibility--its constitutional responsibility--in that matters of 
war should be decided here and not unilaterally by one person, by the 
President of the United States. Explicitly stated in the Constitution 
is that those powers lie with us.
  What we have seen in the U.S. Senate is one of the worst examples in 
the history of our country of a surrendering of our constitutional 
responsibility, a surrendering of our power to a President who is 
abusing it.
  Now, those abuses are obvious. Those abuses are now seen forever for 
the historical record in that this President told us we were going to 
war because of multiple different reasons.
  Regime change. That hasn't been accomplished. We now have a more 
extreme regime.
  Because of nuclear concerns. Well, the ultra-enriched fissile 
material is still there in that country.
  He said that we are going to war to protect civilians. He threatened 
them: If you continue to kill your civilians who are protesting for 
democracy, the

[[Page S1887]]

USA will jump in. Well, we now are seeing more civilian deaths, 
including a school full of children, and a more secure regime.
  He said his goals and his end in this--he stated them clearly: We 
will attain unconditional surrender. Well, that is clearly not the case 
when you are rushing off to Pakistan to try to negotiate an end.
  This is a President who has failed in everything he has said about 
this war that he wanted to achieve. If anything, he has shown the 
Iranians that they have more power, that this regime has more leverage 
against Americans.
  First and foremost, they found out that--as we send multimillion-
dollar weapons into that country to bomb and to achieve an erosion of 
their navy and their army, they have actually shown now that their low-
cost, inexpensive drones can still inflict maximum damage; that when 
the President bragged about having control of the air, our planes were 
still being shot down.
  This is a President who now has seen Iran realize: Wait a minute, we 
have tremendous leverage here; we can choke the Strait of Hormuz and 
cause a global economic shock--the likes of which we have never seen 
and an oil shock here at home that we have never had.
  There is no way to look at this war as if there is any modicum of 
success, when you have the Iranians holding more cards than they did at 
the beginning of the war, still have their highly enriched uranium, 
have a more extreme, entrenched regime, and have us rushing to try to 
negotiate to get something out of this horrible ``excursion,'' as the 
President has called it.
  And not only has this cost tens of billions of dollars, but it has 
cost American lives. We are seeing it already as, recently, a brave 
U.S. servicemember, who survived a deadly attack by Iran in Kuwait, 
spoke up. This attack killed 6 servicemembers and injured 20.
  One of the injured soldiers stated that the story Secretary Hegseth 
was telling the public that the building was ``fortified,'' and that 
one of the drones just ``squeaked through'' is a falsehood, our 
military servicemember said.
  The servicemember said:

       I want people to know the unit was unprepared to provide 
     any defense for itself. It was not a fortified position.

  Now, you would think, if a U.S. member of our armed services is 
shedding factual light on our unpreparedness for a war that our 
President rushed us into--unprepared, no plan, no strategy--that the 
one body that was responsible for providing check, balance, oversight, 
and accountability, the U.S. Senate, wouldn't just sit back and do 
nothing. But that is exactly what this body has done.
  Republican leadership has done nothing to call for open hearings 
where we could ask questions, which we can show those U.S. 
servicemembers on the frontline that, while you are upholding your oath 
to the Constitution, we will uphold ours. But we are not. They are 
showing the ultimate fealty and loyalty to the Constitution, but we are 
not. They are brave enough to confront the enemy, but we are not brave 
enough to call questions to the President of the United States that 
must be called.
  Were you prepared? Under what grounds did you go? How much is this 
costing the American taxpayer? And more.
  We are not doing our job. We have abdicated our responsibility. We 
have betrayed the Constitution, and yet we do nothing.
  So what my colleague is doing today is forcing this debate, forcing 
this vote. But dear God, this is a sad day, because the only thing that 
we need to do to check the power of the Presidency when it is being 
abused, when it is reckless, when the consequences of that recklessness 
are higher prices for every American, when the consequences of that 
recklessness is giving a dangerous Iran more power and more leverage, 
when the consequences of that recklessness is the death of our 
soldiers--what is this body doing? Nothing.
  Republican leadership has called no open hearings, no sufficient 
accountability, no substantive oversight. They are kowtowing to a 
President and allowing him into a reckless war with grave consequences 
and a shredding of our constitutional intent by our Founders.
  Woe be to us at this 250th anniversary, where people will rush out 
with flags, waving to celebrate our Constitution and our country. But 
here, they are betraying it.
  We have a job to do. It is clear in the Constitution. We have three 
equal branches of government that function when they check each other. 
They function when there is oversight. They function when there is 
accountability. But when one branch fails to rise to the historic 
urgency of this moment, that is when our Constitution and the people on 
the frontlines--the people like this brave servicemember--are not only 
being ill-served, but they are at graver danger.
  Our Nation is in crisis right now. Our precious, scant resources are 
not spent on healthcare, our children's education, science research, 
but on this President's war. We have servicemembers in danger. The 
least we should ask from this body is to do its job, uphold the 
Constitution, and provide a real check and balance, real 
accountability, and oversight to this President.
  I thank my colleague for forcing this debate and forcing this vote. 
This is yet, unfortunately, another sad day in history for this body. 
This is the least we could do, but we should be--we must be--doing so 
much more.
  I yield the floor.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from Oregon.
  Mr. MERKLEY. Mr. President, we are here at this moment to defend the 
Constitution, and the constitution of any nation is incredibly 
important in creating the vision of the checks and balances between the 
judiciary and the executive and the Congress.
  But what really matters is whether the elected representatives 
actually honor the Constitution. Do they follow the words and the 
vision laid out?
  You know, it is article I, section 8 that delineates powers, and in 
the course of it, there are three megapowers assigned to Congress. And 
one of those is the power of the purse: design programs, authorize 
them, fund them.
  It is a President's job to execute.
  The second is the power of taxation, including the power of tariffs. 
In fact, the first bill ever debated by the Senate was a tariff bill--3 
weeks spent figuring out how they could reach agreement on what the 
tariff would be on a keg of nails or a barrel of molasses.
  And the third, perhaps the most consequential, is the power of war. 
You know, it is just three words delineated--``The Congress shall have 
[the] power,'' and it lays out these responsibilities, and then it 
says: ``To declare War.'' Three words: ``To declare War.''
  Now, if anyone thinks those were just some kind of bureaucratic 
phrase, you are mistaken. Madison summed it up and pointed out that, in 
the history of all governments, it is the executive, as the branch of 
government, ``most interested in war, and most prone to it.'' And then 
he summarized it this way: The Constitution ``has accordingly with 
studied care, vested the question of war in the Legislature.''
  So this is the moment we decide today: Are we going to actually 
follow the document we took an oath to?
  Now, some of my colleagues have said: Well, the President also has 
the power, when there is an imminent threat to our national security, 
to act.
  And I don't dispute that. Think about planes on the way to bomb the 
United States, or forces--a raid across the border on the verge of 
coming across.
  But that was not the situation 2 months ago. There was no imminent 
threat of any kind, of any sort, anywhere near that exception.
  Perhaps this war really is a poster child for why the wisdom of the 
Founders was so important, because wars go off in directions you never 
anticipate, because wars result in carnage--the death of Americans, the 
injuries of Americans, the death of the combatants we oppose, the death 
of civilians, and treasure vastly expended.
  The wars in Iraq and Afghanistan--those misbegotten foreign 
adventures so poorly thought through--cost $8 trillion, the lives of 
7,000 of our servicemembers, and 50,000 injured. That shows the 
consequences of war. But in those two cases, Afghanistan and Iraq, at 
least the President followed the Constitution, and this body, the 
Senate of the United States of America, insisted that the President 
follow the Constitution.

[[Page S1888]]

  Where is that insistence right now? Where is the leadership of this 
Chamber defending the constitutional role of the Senate? Why are they 
not on the floor at this moment saying: We took an oath to the 
Constitution, and, damn it, we are going to follow it.
  This war is another misbegotten adventure. It did not benefit in any 
way from a President's effort to persuade this Chamber or the Nation or 
the House of Representatives that this strategy had merit.
  Every expert said you can count on the Strait of Hormuz to be shut 
down. Every expert said extracting the highly enriched uranium from 
deep underground during the middle of war is a near impossibility. ``So 
what is your mission?'' they asked.
  But we didn't have those debates here in the Senate.
  What has this war actually done? It has strengthened the Iranian 
hardliners; that is not a win. It weakened the reformers; that is 
certainly not in our interest. It failed to secure the stockpile of 
highly enriched uranium; so that is a failure. It shredded our moral 
leadership as champions of human rights; that is certainly a loss. It 
enriched and emboldened Russia. We actually took off the sanctions, 
allowing Russia to make even more money on the sale of its oil, at the 
very time that they continue to attack Ukraine.
  It raised the prices at the pump. Oregon is at over $5 a gallon of 
gas. Maybe some of you are complaining about $4 a gallon. Well, it is 
$5 in Oregon. And diesel is $6.
  And the agricultural community is suffering from vastly higher prices 
on fertilizer, and everyone is suffering from increased inflation on 
everything that energy goes into.
  And this battle has already cost us in blood and treasure. We already 
have American servicemembers who have died. We already have more than 
100 seriously injured. And it is already costing us directly a billion 
to $2 billion a day.
  Now, four times we have come to the floor and said the debate should 
be now, because the Constitution is clear: There is no 60-day clause 
when there is no imminent threat, in the law. And four times, it has 
been a partisan vote.
  There is nothing partisan about the Constitution. There is nothing 
partisan about the oath we took to the Constitution. There is nothing 
partisan at all about ensuring that the high risk of war is duly 
debated in this Chamber and following the advice of our Founders, 
including Jefferson and Madison.
  But the President launched this war in violation of the Constitution, 
and so now is the time we have to respond. And it is in the War Powers 
Act that we can put up a resolution that says: Stop. You have violated 
the law. Come and get the authorization the Constitution demands. Come 
and do that.
  That is what this vote is on today.
  Not only did the President violate the Constitution, but he 
threatened a bombing campaign that would have resulted in massive 
civilian deaths. He threatened to bomb Iran ``back to the Stone Ages,'' 
and he said: ``A whole civilization will die tonight.'' He threatened 
massive war crimes as part of his unregulated campaign, unauthorized by 
this body.
  So, to my colleagues, let's join together--united, Democrats and 
Republicans. We should have done so when Trump launched this illegal, 
unconstitutional war. We should have done so when 13 members died. We 
should have done so when we bombed a school and at least 175 people 
died--other reports have it much higher--and a whole lot of them 
schoolgirls. We should have done it when the President threatened to 
slaughter civilians and conduct war crimes overseas. We should have 
done it because it is costing us billions of dollars a day. We should 
have done it when the price at the pump shot through the roof. But most 
of all, we should have done it because the Constitution says it is our 
responsibility.

  I recognize it is an uncomfortable vote because we are perhaps afraid 
to take this consequential decision and get it wrong, so it is easier 
to duck the responsibility we have under the Constitution, but duck we 
must not because it is our responsibility; it is on our desk; it is 
what the Constitution requires.
  So let's honor that Constitution and vote yes and put up the stop 
sign and say: Mr. President, if you wish to pursue a war against Iran, 
then do what previous Presidents did in Afghanistan and Iraq and come 
and make your case and try to persuade us that it is in the Nation's 
interest. I think it is a very, very tough sell, which tells you a lot 
about what is wrong with this effort and why the Constitution requires 
that we weigh in.
  I urge my colleagues: Do your job under the Constitution and vote aye 
on the War Powers Resolution.
  I yield the floor.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from Mississippi.
  Mr. WICKER. Mr. President, I will speak against the War Powers 
Resolution, but first I have a unanimous consent request to make, and 
so I ask that I be recognized for that purpose.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator is recognized for that purpose.

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