[Congressional Record Volume 172, Number 66 (Wednesday, April 15, 2026)]
[Senate]
[Pages S1775-S1779]
From the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]





    PROVIDING FOR CONGRESSIONAL DISAPPROVAL OF THE PROPOSED FOREIGN 
 MILITARY SALE TO THE GOVERNMENT OF ISRAEL OF CERTAIN DEFENSE ARTICLES 
                   AND SERVICES--Motion to Discharge

  Mr. SANDERS. Mr. President, pursuant to section 36(b)(1), I move to 
discharge the Committee on Foreign Relations from further consideration 
of S.J. Res. 138.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The clerk will report.
  The senior assistant executive clerk read as follows:

       Motion to discharge from the Committee on Foreign 
     Relations, S.J. Res. 138, a joint resolution providing for 
     congressional disapproval of the proposed foreign military 
     sale to the Government of Israel of certain defense articles 
     and services.

  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from Vermont.
  Mr. SANDERS. Mr. President, let me begin by thanking Senator Kelly 
not only for his remarks and his work as a U.S. Senator but for his 
service to our country in the military, and I very much appreciate his 
support for these resolutions.
  Mr. President, 60 percent of our people here in the United States 
live paycheck to paycheck. They are struggling to pay for groceries, 
for housing, for healthcare, and, increasingly, the ability to fill up 
their gas tanks in their cars in order to get to work.
  We also have a $37 trillion national debt. Bottom line: The American 
people--whether they are Democrats, Republicans, or Independents, 
conservatives, moderates, or progressives--want to make certain that 
their tax dollars are spent responsibly.
  And in strong and growing numbers, they do not want us to continue 
spending billions of their taxpayer dollars in support of the illegal, 
horrific, and expansionist war policies of the Netanyahu Government in 
Israel.
  Since October 7, 2023, the United States has provided over $21 
billion--$21 billion--in military aid to Israel. And today, we are 
saying loudly and clearly: Enough is enough.
  We all know that on October 7, 2023, Hamas, a terrorist organization, 
attacked Israel. They killed more than 1,200 innocent men, women, and 
children and took hundreds of hostages. I believe that there is no 
disagreement in this Chamber that like any other country on Earth, 
Israel had the absolute right to respond to that barbaric Hamas attack.
  But Israel did not have the right to violate international law and 
wage an all-out war of unspeakable destruction against the entire 
Palestinian people in what experts have correctly concluded is a 
genocide.
  Israel did not have the right out of a population of 2.2 million to 
kill more than 72,000 Palestinians in Gaza and wound over 170,000. That 
is more than 10 percent of the population.
  If that happened here in America, that would be over 30 million 
Americans dead or wounded. And in Gaza, a strong majority of the dead 
and wounded are women, children, and the elderly.
  By the way, that number is likely an underestimate as to the tragedy 
as bodies are literally being pulled out of the rubble every single 
day.
  Israel did not have the right to destroy virtually all of Gaza's 
infrastructure, including its water and sewer systems and its supply of 
electricity. They did not have the right to demolish every one of 
Gaza's 12 universities, along with hundreds of schools, dismantling 
their entire educational system. A vast majority of the children in 
Gaza today are not in school.
  Israel did not have the right to indiscriminately bomb civilian 
neighborhoods and damage or destroy over 90 percent of the housing 
units in Gaza--over 90 percent damaged or destroyed--resulting in the 
vast majority of the population there now sleeping in tents.
  That is where they are today.
  Israel did not have the right to bomb over 90 percent of the 
hospitals in Gaza--hospitals--and kill 1,700 healthcare workers.
  And Israel did not have the right to impose a blockade which 
prevented food, water, and medicine from entering Gaza, resulting in 
thousands of Palestinians being diagnosed with malnutrition and 
hundreds actually starving to death.
  But, today, we are not just talking about Gaza. In the West Bank, in 
direct violation of international law that protects Palestinian 
territory, Israeli soldiers and settlers, since 2023, have killed over 
a thousand Palestinians, including 233 children. During that period, 
they have demolished more than 6,000 Palestinian homes and established 
more than 200 new illegal settlements and outposts in Palestinian 
territory.
  And let us be clear, because I think there is some confusion about 
this. These actions are not just the results of some extremist, out-of-
control settlers who are just doing whatever they want. Those actions 
are consistent with Israeli Government policy.
  Netanyahu's Security Cabinet has approved the most sweeping changes 
to the West Bank's legal status since 1967, removing nearly all 
constraints on settlement expansion. Netanyahu himself declared:

       There will never be a Palestinian state.

  And I say that to some people here who still say: Well, we are in 
favor of a two-state solution.
  That is not Mr. Netanyahu's position. He said:

       ``There will never be a Palestinian state.''

  His Finance Minister, Bezalel Smotrich, bragged that new settlement 
construction in the West Bank would ``bury''--that is his word--
``bury'' the idea of a Palestinian state.
  But it is not just Gaza and the West Bank. We now know that Netanyahu 
convinced President Trump to start an unprovoked and unconstitutional 
war on Iran.
  For 40 years--for 40 years--Netanyahu had wanted the United States to 
participate with Israel in a war against Iran, and, finally, after 40 
years of effort, he finally found in Trump a President willing to go 
along.
  He couldn't get Democratic Presidents in the past and couldn't get 
Republicans in the past. In Trump, he finally found a President willing 
to go along.
  This war, in violation of international law, has resulted already in 
the deaths of thousands of civilians, including hundreds of children in 
Iran and Lebanon, including 26 Israeli civilians who are now dead and 
13 American soldiers who have lost their lives so far in this conflict.
  All over the world, certainly including the United States, hundreds 
of millions of innocent people are suffering the economic consequences 
of this war, with higher prices and growing scarcity of basic goods.
  I believe that in Vermont, now, the price of regular gas is about $4 
a gallon, and in parts of the country, it is even higher than that.
  But for Netanyahu, Gaza was not enough. Attacking Iran was not 
enough. Netanyahu is now waging a full-blown war of expansion against 
Lebanon. That war in Lebanon has not only killed more than 2,000 people 
but has resulted in Israel occupying 14 percent of Lebanese territory.
  Let me repeat that. The war in Lebanon has not only killed more than 
2,000 people but has resulted in Israel occupying 14 percent of 
Lebanese territory.
  The Israeli Defense Minister, Israel Katz, has announced that all 
Lebanese border villages will be demolished--will be demolished--his 
exact words, following ``the model in Gaza''--demolish border villages.
  Bezalel Smotrich, the Finance Minister, has warned that Dahieh, a 
suburb of South Beirut, will look like Khan Yunis, a city in Gaza that 
Israel reduced to rubble.
  In other words, what they did in Gaza is now what they intend to do 
in parts of Lebanon. And these are not threats. They are promises.
  For all of the reasons that I have given and more--and you are going 
to hear more from some of my colleagues, in a few moments--support for 
Israel in this country has plummeted. Today, according to a recent Pew 
poll, 80 percent of Democrats now have an unfavorable opinion of 
Israel, and 41 percent of Republicans share that view.
  And the numbers in all parties, among young people, are even higher. 
Young people, whether they are young Democrats, progressives, or 
conservatives, do not want us to continue to fund the horrific war 
policies of Netanyahu.
  A recent Quinnipiac poll also found that 60 percent--including three-
quarters of Democrats, two-thirds of Independents, and 37 percent of 
Republicans--I say that to my Republican

[[Page S1776]]

colleagues: 37 percent of Republicans do not want the U.S. sending more 
military aid to Israel.
  And that is why I am offering, today, two joint resolutions of 
disapproval, the only formal mechanism Congress has to block an arms 
sale.
  The first resolution would block the sale of $151 million in 1,000-
pound bombs. The second would block $295 million in bulldozers, the 
machines used to demolish homes in the West Bank and Gaza and make a 
Palestinian state physically impossible.
  The time is long overdue for Members of the U.S. Senate to start 
listening to the American people and not to AIPAC. The time is now for 
us to end all U.S. military aid to the extremist Netanyahu government, 
and a ``yes'' vote is an important way forward.
  Mr. President, with that, I yield to my colleague from Maryland, 
Senator Chris Van Hollen.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from Maryland.
  Mr. VAN HOLLEN. Mr. President, I rise in support of the two 
resolutions offered by my colleague Senator Sanders that would bar the 
transfer of certain offensive weapons and equipment to the Netanyahu 
government.

  Specifically, these resolutions would block the transfer of 12,000 
1,000-pound bombs and 132 armored bulldozers, valued at more than $446 
million and funded entirely by American taxpayers.
  We cannot continue to provide a blank check to the Netanyahu 
government as it continues to use U.S. weapons in violation of U.S. and 
international law.
  As I have long said, Israel was justified in its war against Hamas 
after the horrific attack of October 7, 2023. But the Netanyahu 
government is not justified in imposing collective punishment on all 
the people of Gaza.
  As Senator Merkley and I wrote in our report after traveling to the 
region in August 2025, ``The Netanyahu Government is Implementing a 
Plan to Ethnically Cleanse Gaza of Palestinians. America is 
Complicit.''
  And now, as Senator Sanders indicated, Israeli leaders are saying out 
loud they plan to apply the same plans in southern Lebanon as they 
implemented in Gaza.
  Senator Sanders mentioned threatening what they did in Khan Yunis. As 
recently as March 31, Israeli Defense Minister Katz said:

       All homes in Lebanese villages near the border will be 
     destroyed--in accordance with the Rafah and Beit Hanoun model 
     in Gaza.

  Well, colleagues, I visited Gaza. I visited the Gaza crossing--the 
Rafah crossing--twice, along with my colleague Senator Merkley, first 
in January 2024, when Gaza's population had quadrupled from prewar 
levels to more than 1 million people who had been displaced within 
Gaza, from northern Gaza.
  And then we traveled to the Rafah crossing, in August 2025, after the 
IDF's offensive against Rafah, one that the Biden administration 
claimed that they tried to stop. And on that visit, Senator Merkley and 
I climbed a rooftop, and you could look into Rafah--obliterated, 
reduced to absolute rubble.
  And as we were told by former IDF soldiers--eyewitnesses who had the 
courage to speak with us--Israel has systematically dismantled 
essential infrastructure and brought near-total destruction of civilian 
sites throughout Gaza, including through the use of these bulldozers 
and 1,000-pound bombs. And now the Israeli Minister of Defense says 
they are going to do the same thing in southern Lebanon.
  And, indeed, since the war in Lebanon restarted, Israeli forces have 
killed over 2,000 people, including 250 people in 10 minutes, the day 
after the cease-fire was announced. Entire villages have been destroyed 
and over 1.1 million people displaced.
  Now, let's not forget how we got into this most recent round of 
destruction in the region. President Trump is fully responsible for 
getting America into this war, period.
  But we know from Trump administration officials and public reporting 
how Prime Minister Netanyahu, for his own reasons, was pushing Trump to 
attack Iran. Indeed, he said it himself on April 11. Netanyahu boasted 
to the Israeli public that Israel was ``first to act because we knew 
what was at stake. But if I had told you a year ago that our pilots, 
men and women, would fly in Iran, who would have believed it?'' So said 
Prime Minister Netanyahu.
  He went on to say:

       If I had told you a year ago that the United States of 
     America, the strongest power in the world, would fight by our 
     side, shoulder to shoulder, wing to wing, for nearly 40 days 
     against the common enemy, who would have believed it?

  And then Prime Minister Netanyahu went on to say:

       All this happened because we initiated, we acted, we 
     attacked.

  Now, those of us who have been around here a little while know that 
Prime Minister Netanyahu has been pushing for a war with Iran for a 
very long time. In fact, he recently publicly acknowledged that the 
current U.S.-Israeli war on Iran ``allows us to do what I have been 
hoping to do for 40 years.''
  That is what Prime Minister Netanyahu said.
  I remember when Prime Minister Netanyahu actually spoke before a 
joint session of Congress, asking us not to support the JCPOA, which, 
of course, prevented Iran from getting a nuclear weapon.
  Of course, the current President then tore that up when he first came 
into office.
  So Prime Minister Netanyahu had been trying to get previous 
Presidents to join him in attacking Iran, but no previous President was 
stupid enough or reckless enough to actually do it.
  So here we are without facing any imminent threat, and President 
Trump and Prime Minister Netanyahu started an illegal war against Iran.
  It is a gross violation of international law. Indeed, on April 2, a 
group of over 100 international law experts, people who actually 
believe in international law, which included former U.S. and U.N. 
officials, published an open letter stating that ``the initiation of 
the campaign was a clear violation of the United Nations Charter'' and 
that the conduct of the United States and Israeli forces in the war 
``raise serious concerns about violations of international human rights 
and international humanitarian law, including potential war crimes.'' 
That is on top of the illegality of initiating a war against Iran.
  Look, earlier this afternoon, nearly all Democrats voted together to 
end Donald Trump's illegal war against Iran. Many of us have vowed that 
we will not support 1 taxpayer dollar to continue this war that is 
making us less safe and less well-loved.
  Well, that commitment and determination should apply to the Trump 
administration and to the Netanyahu administration. We need to rein in 
Trump in this illegal war, and we need to rein in the Netanyahu 
administration in this illegal war.
  Now, colleagues, I want to focus for a moment on the portion of the 
Sanders resolution that bans the transfer of bulldozers to the IDF. 
These are the bulldozers that helped raze Rafah in Gaza to the ground.
  For those who don't remember, I ask them to recall the case of Rachel 
Corrie, a 23-year-old American peace activist who was killed by an 
Israeli bulldozer while trying to block the razing of buildings in 
Rafah over 20 years ago. Rachel Corrie has never gotten any justice, 
and her family will tell you that today.
  In fact, just since January of 2022, at least nine more American 
citizens have been killed by extremist Israeli settlers or security 
forces in the West Bank. Not one of them--not one--has gotten justice, 
just like Rachel Corrie--no accountability.
  There is no piece of equipment that has helped Israel and the 
Netanyahu government destroy civilian infrastructure in the West Bank 
and Gaza and now Lebanon more than the bulldozer.
  Just look at the titles of some of the reporting coming from what is 
happening in southern Lebanon. The Guardian title: `` `Everything is 
gone.' Israel destroys entire villages in Lebanon.''
  And you can see it for yourself. I really encourage my colleagues 
just to look at the videos. Some of them have been shared by members of 
the Israeli military themselves. They showed controlled detonations and 
destruction of entire villages.

[[Page S1777]]

  This isn't new. During the last war in Lebanon, Amnesty International 
documented how the Israeli military carried out extensive and 
deliberate destruction of civilian property across almost the entire 
Lebanese border with Israel, including 10,000 structures, primarily 
through the use of manually laid explosives and bulldozers.
  In the West Bank, as we speak, we are seeing violent Israeli settlers 
kill Palestinian citizens with impunity. We are also seeing the use of 
these bulldozers to demolish Palestinian homes in the West Bank and 
other civilian infrastructures. Again, you can see it for yourselves in 
the videos.
  This is all part of a slow-motion ethnic cleansing effort in the West 
Bank and de facto annexation of the West Bank. Indeed, the New York 
Times in September 2024 spoke about raids in the West Bank villages of 
Tulkarm and Jenin. The headline is this: ``Israeli Bulldozers Flatten 
Mile After Mile in the West Bank.'' In total, since the Gaza war 
started, Israeli authorities have demolished at least 4,900 structures 
in the West Bank and displaced 9,000 Palestinians there.
  As this has gone on, so has settler violence, often with the 
complicity of the IDF. In the West Bank, over 1,000 Palestinians, 
including 230 children, have been killed with virtual impunity since 
October of 2023--with impunity. The Israeli human rights organization 
Yesh Din said that between 2000 and September 2025--that is a 20-year 
period--more than 93 percent of police investigations into settler 
violence in the West Bank concluded without an indictment.
  So what are we going to do about this? We need to stop providing the 
Netanyahu government with an absolute blank check. We need to demand 
accountability for American citizens who have been killed there.
  So I urge my colleagues now to support this resolution. If we want to 
rein in a Trump administration that wants an illegal war against Iran, 
we should also rein in the Netanyahu administration. It is doing 
exactly the same thing with American taxpayer dollars.
  I yield the floor.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from Vermont.
  Mr. SANDERS. Mr. President, I yield to the Senator from Oregon Mr. 
Merkley.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from Oregon.
  Mr. MERKLEY. Mr. President, on February 28, in coordination with and 
at the urging of Israeli Prime Minister Netanyahu, President Trump 
attacked Iran without congressional authorization--that is, without the 
authority required under our Constitution. Almost immediately, 
Hezbollah, Iran's proxy, engaged in a battle with Israel. Now we have 
Israel invading southern Lebanon.
  The Netanyahu government is exercising the same strategy they pursued 
in Gaza: Drop massive bombs, level entire towns, block routes for 
civilians to leave, and block access for humanitarian relief.
  And the United States? We are partners in this. We are complicit in 
this--not just because we partnered with Israel to ignite the war with 
Iran but because we sold the bombs and the bulldozers that Israel is 
using. We didn't stop supplying the Netanyahu government with weapons 
years ago even when it became clear that they were deliberately 
targeting homes, schools, and hospitals; when they were blocking 
deliveries of humanitarian aid, including water, food, and medicine; 
when the result was mass malnutrition, particularly among mothers and 
children and the elderly.
  We must not continue to be complicit in these tragedies by selling 
these tools of destruction--the bombs and the bulldozers--to Israel.
  The administration says: Let's sell them 12,000 more 1,000-pound 
bombs.
  Picture 12,000 1,000-pound bombs dropping on neighborhoods--that is 
what we are enabling--or a vast number of bulldozers to destroy homes 
and buildings. We have seen it in the West Bank--homes and villages 
bulldozed, ancient olive groves bulldozed--and now we are seeing it in 
Lebanon, with the Netanyahu government bragging about doing the same 
thing to Lebanon they did to Gaza: Make it uninhabitable.
  Let's be clear. Bulldozers are not defensive weapons.
  Recent satellite images of southern Lebanon show the Netanyahu 
government flattening towns, destroying bridges, cutting off civilian 
movement, and cutting off humanitarian access in a replay of the 
destruction we saw in Gaza, not to mention the Netanyahu government has 
supported settlers in their expansion, massive expansion, of outposts 
and settlements on Palestinian land in the West Bank, in their mass 
increase in construction of homes and villages, and most disturbing of 
all, supporting the settlers in their violent attacks on Palestinian 
communities--all of this in the goal of creating a greater Israel by 
destroying any prospect of a Palestinian state.
  Let's not forget, as my colleague from Maryland mentioned, it was a 
bulldozer operated by the Israeli Defense Forces that killed American 
citizen Rachel Corrie in Rafah in 2003--the first of 14 Americans 
citizens who have been killed by Israeli soldiers since then.
  Approving this sale of the bombs and bulldozers deepens our 
responsibility for these tragedies and for the suffering.
  Colleagues, when we became Senators, we swore an oath to take on the 
responsibilities designated to Congress in the Constitution, including 
the question of war.
  As Madison summarized: The Constitution supposes what the history of 
all governments demonstrates, that the executive is the branch of power 
most interested in war and most prone to it. Thus, the Constitution has 
accordingly, with studied care, vested the question of war in the 
legislature.
  That is the Constitution we swore an oath to, and it is the 
Constitution that President Trump violated by launching a war without 
congressional authorization.
  In 1973, during the Vietnam war, Congress approved the War Powers Act 
to, in their words, ``fulfill the intent of the Framers of the 
Constitution'' and rein in the President from waging wars without 
congressional approval.
  The War Powers Act does allow the President to respond to an imminent 
threat that is ``a national emergency created by an attack upon the 
United States, its territories, possessions, or its Armed Forces.'' But 
in this case, no such condition existed and thus the violation of the 
Constitution.
  Yet, earlier today, my colleagues across the aisle voted to allow the 
President to continue to violate the law and violate the Constitution. 
When will we say enough is enough?
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator's time has expired.
  Mr. MERKLEY. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent for 1 minute to 
close.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without objection, it is so ordered.
  Mr. MERKLEY. Mr. President, let us today, all 100 Senators, uphold 
our oath to the Constitution. The indiscriminate use of American bombs 
in Iran and Lebanon and Gaza that targets civilians and infrastructure 
by Israel must end. We should not sell these bulldozers and these bombs 
to Israel.
  I urge my colleagues to vote for these two joint resolutions of 
disapproval.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from Massachusetts.
  Mr. MARKEY. Mr. President, I rise tonight in support of Senator 
Sanders' joint resolutions of disapproval for select arms sales to 
Israel. The Senate has voted on similar resolutions in the past, all of 
which I have supported. The last time this Chamber voted on prior 
resolutions, Israeli Prime Minister Netanyahu was bombarding Gaza. A 
cease-fire had collapsed, hostage release negotiations had stalled, and 
innocent children and families in Gaza were starving and 
suffering. That was because the Netanyahu government, fueled by 
extremist Israeli National Security Minister Ben-Gvir and Finance 
Minister Smotrich and supported by the Trump administration, was 
blocking humanitarian aid from reaching Palestinians in Gaza. The 
large-scale bombs covered by those resolutions went far beyond what 
Israel needed for its defense. Their use would cause indiscriminate 
damage and only worsen the humanitarian catastrophe in Gaza.

  Now, the need for restrictions on military aid to Netanyahu has only 
taken on renewed urgency. The Trump administration is proposing to sell 
to Netanyahu 1,000-pound bombs and armored bulldozers that Netanyahu 
could

[[Page S1778]]

use not only in Gaza, the West Bank, and Lebanon but also in Trump's 
illegal and unnecessary war in Iran. I fully support the current cease-
fire with Iran, but tenuous as it may be, Vice President JD Vance's bid 
for a peace deal in Pakistan last weekend failed, and fighting could 
resume at any time.
  So make no mistake, a vote to approve arms sales to Israel at this 
time would be seen as a message of approval for Trump and Netanyahu's 
disastrous war against Iran. I will not send that message. Trump's war 
of choice in Iran is a moral tragedy and economic disaster playing out 
before our eyes. It is only making the United States, Israel, and the 
world less safe.
  Let us count the ways:
  One, we have seen thousands of civilian deaths in Iran and Lebanon. 
More than 100 Iranian schoolgirls have been killed by American weapons, 
and 13 American servicemembers have been killed and hundreds injured.
  Two, the United States and the Netanyahu government are losing 
credibility. In particular, President Trump's threats of war crimes and 
genocide against Iran are a total abdication of moral leadership on the 
global stage and must be opposed here and everywhere.
  Three, the United States and Iran are blockading the Strait of 
Hormuz--crippling the global economy and sending energy prices sky 
high.
  Four, gas prices in America are $1.20 a gallon higher than before the 
war. Vehicle owners will be paying $500 to $600 more here in the United 
States over the course of this next year. It is going to be Trump at 
the pump. The American people are going to be paying for this war.
  Five, this dangerous, unnecessary, and expensive war has cost the 
American taxpayer about $50 billion so far, with the Trump 
administration seeking hundreds of billions of dollars more as part of 
a $1.5 trillion military budget, which must be rejected.
  Six, Iran still controls its uranium.
  Seven, there has been no regime change. We just swapped out one 
Ayatollah for another.
  And, eight, Iranians are still not free.
  Why would we send American military weapons that could prolong, 
escalate, or worsen this horrible situation in the Middle East?
  I say no more. The Senate should express its opposition to Trump and 
Netanyahu's needless war and seek to stop it.
  No. 1, we should pass these resolutions to block 1,000-pound bombs 
and armored bulldozers for use in this war.
  No. 2, we should pass a War Powers Resolution that denies President 
Trump the authority to continue this war.
  And, No. 3, we should reject any request for funding to pay for 
Trump's war of choice.
  Today, we must send a clear message that the U.S. Senate opposes--in 
the strongest possible terms--Trump and Netanyahu's dangerous, 
expensive, unnecessary, and immoral war.
  There is no military solution to this crisis. We must solve this at 
the negotiating table. We must end this war now. We must pass these 
resolutions in order to have the U.S. Senate speak to our outrage at 
what is happening in the name of the American people.
  With that, I yield the floor.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. Justice). The Senator from Virginia.
  Mr. KAINE. Mr. President, I rise in support of Senator Sanders' 
resolutions. I will be voting for both of them.
  On February 21, 2024, I wrote a public letter to President Biden, and 
I said: The Hamas attack on Israel is devastating and Israel faces 
threats from other adversaries in the region and we should help Israel 
defend its civilians, but we should do so only by providing defensive 
weapons to Israel and not offensive weapons.
  Why defensive weapons?
  We have long been a security partner of Israel. Those who follow the 
relationship understand there are threats to Israeli civilians that are 
very present because of actors in the region like Hezbollah, Hamas, and 
the Houthis; and Iran and Iranian-backed militias and Israeli civilians 
do face threats that warrant the United States providing defensive 
support.
  But I took the public position more than 2 years ago now that it 
would be wrong to send offensive weapons to Israel, and that position 
was based on exactly the same reason, to protect civilians--protect 
Palestinian civilians, protect Lebanese civilians--to protect 
civilians. Offensive weapons delivered to Israel in the way they are 
using them, particularly bombs, are guaranteed to cause mass civilian 
suffering. That is what has happened in Gaza, and that is what is 
happening in Lebanon.
  Anyone who has paid attention to this region just has to answer this 
question: Is more civilian death going to get us to the right place?
  This is a region that has been replete with the deaths of civilians, 
and the U.S. taxpayer and this body should not be pouring gasoline or 
adding tinder to a fire where more and more civilians are in jeopardy.
  So, since that public letter to President Biden, I have supported 
Senator Sanders and other resolutions before. If weapons are offensive 
in nature, the United States shouldn't be transferring them, and I will 
support the resolutions for that matter. We need to protect civilians. 
We don't need to pour gasoline on a fire in the region and accelerate 
more deaths of civilians.
  I have received some outreach about this particular vote from some 
who say this is a vote to deny all military aid to Israel. That is not 
what this vote is about. This is about denying particular weapons that 
are offensive in nature.
  Just to give you an order of magnitude, during this term of Congress, 
the President has noticed 27 different arms transfers to Israel; and 
with these two joint resolutions of disapproval, we have challenged 6--
6 of those 27 arms transfers--as being offensive in nature. We have not 
challenged 21 of the arms transfers that are primarily defensive in 
nature. There has not been a single Senator who has brought up a 
challenge to the defensive arms sales because we want to protect 
civilian lives; but when weapons like this that are offensive in nature 
are guaranteed to lead to the deaths of civilians, I think it is 
appropriate to challenge them, and that is why I am going to support 
these resolutions.
  I have also had some say that, if these resolutions succeed, the 
United States is reducing its support for Israeli defense. That is also 
not true. The support for Israeli defense is the result of a 10-year 
memorandum of understanding that has an annual allocation for Israeli 
defense that has been supplemented by a supplemental bill that was 
passed by this body in April of 2024. That amount of money, which is an 
annual allocation, gets drawn down by these transfers.
  I would urge my colleagues to support the cessation of offensive 
weapons transfers. If this bill succeeds, it doesn't reduce support for 
Israeli defense by a single penny. It just means that Israel should 
request and the United States should consider transferring defensive 
weapons to enable Israel to defend its own civilians but not to carry 
out military action that would harm other civilians.
  The principle of ``let's just stop the damage to civilians in the 
region'' seems to me to be overwhelming. If the deaths of civilians 
were accomplishing anything, we would have seen that accomplishment 
long before now. So stopping the transfer of offensive weapons seems to 
me to be the right thing to do not just for the United States security 
interests and the safety of our servicemembers in the region, but it is 
also the right thing to do to promote regional stability and the 
security of Israel.
  For that reason, I will vote for the resolutions, and I appreciate my 
colleague for introducing them.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from Vermont.
  Mr. SANDERS. Mr. President, let me thank Senator Van Hollen, Senator 
Merkley, Senator Markey, Senator Kaine, and, before that, Senator Kelly 
for their remarks.
  The American people increasingly are sick and tired of spending 
billions of dollars in support of illegal, horrific military actions on 
the part of the Netanyahu government. We have spent tens of billions of 
dollars already. Gaza has been destroyed--10 percent of the population 
dead or wounded. Netanyahu got Trump into a war in Iran. Thousands of 
civilians are now dead, including many children, and now Netanyahu is 
at war in Lebanon--thousands of civilians dead, civilian neighborhoods 
bombed, a million people displaced from their homes, and 14

[[Page S1779]]

percent of Lebanese territory occupied by Israel.
  What the American people are saying is: Enough is enough.
  By the way, this is bipartisan. It is not just Democrats, and it is 
not just Independents. It is a significant number of Republicans who 
remember President Trump talking about ``America First'' and talking 
about the need to invest in this country, not in bombs and bulldozers 
to destroy people in the Middle East.
  With that, I would hope that we would have a very strong vote in 
support of these resolutions to tell Netanyahu and to tell the world 
that enough is enough.
  I yield the floor.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from Idaho.
  Mr. RISCH. Mr. President, as everyone in this Chamber knows, Israel 
is one of the closest allies in the Middle East. No one can discount 
the fact that without Israel and President Trump's maximum pressure 
campaign, Iran would have nuclear weapons, would still be exporting 
terror throughout the region, and would still pose a significant 
military threat to its neighbors and, indeed, to a good share of the 
rest of the world.
  Unlike some of our other allies, Israel has stood side by side with 
the United States, working hand in glove to advance our shared 
objectives and to keep American citizens safe. Passing these two 
resolutions would embolden our adversary Iran and call into question 
American reliability in the region. Refusing to send help to allies and 
to sell weapons to allies would be incredibly debilitating to our 
ability to work together. It would send the message that the United 
States is prepared to leave our ally Israel vulnerable to further 
Iranian attacks and put the tens of thousands of Americans who are 
living there at risk. This is not acceptable.
  Again, I come to the floor and tell Iran: No one is coming to help 
you, not China, not Russia, not North Korea, not Venezuela, not Cuba--
except for the 47 people that sit over here. They are trying to help 
you, Iran.
  We are not going to let that happen. We are not going to abandon our 
ally Israel. We are not going to abandon the fight that is taking 
place. We are going to win this fight and have already won it, to a 
very large extent.
  Let us not forget the Iranian regime has been exporting terrorism and 
chanting ``Death to America'' and ``Death to Israel'' consistently 
since the founding of this regime 47 years ago. Enough is enough.
  It is time to continue this until we get to the end. This is not 
going to be a forever war. The country of Iran is very badly 
debilitated right now. I would hope that common sense prevails and they 
reach an agreement with the administration and get to a permanent 
cease-fire.
  I would urge all of my colleagues: Oppose these resolutions. They 
will not help the United States of America.


                      Vote on Motion to Discharge

  The PRESIDING OFFICER. Under the previous order, the question occurs 
on agreeing to the motion to discharge S.J. Res. 32.
  Mr. RISCH. I ask for the yeas and nays.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there a sufficient second?
  There appears to be a sufficient second.
  The clerk will call the roll.
  The senior assistant legislative clerk called the roll.
  Mr. BARRASSO. The following Senator is necessarily absent: the 
Senator from Wyoming (Ms. Lummis).
  The result was announced--yeas 40, nays 59, as follows:

                      [Rollcall Vote No. 80 Leg.]

                                YEAS--40

     Alsobrooks
     Baldwin
     Bennet
     Blunt Rochester
     Booker
     Cantwell
     Duckworth
     Durbin
     Gallego
     Hassan
     Heinrich
     Hickenlooper
     Hirono
     Kaine
     Kelly
     Kim
     King
     Klobuchar
     Lujan
     Markey
     Merkley
     Murphy
     Murray
     Ossoff
     Padilla
     Peters
     Reed
     Sanders
     Schatz
     Schiff
     Shaheen
     Slotkin
     Smith
     Van Hollen
     Warner
     Warnock
     Warren
     Welch
     Whitehouse
     Wyden

                                NAYS--59

     Armstrong
     Banks
     Barrasso
     Blackburn
     Blumenthal
     Boozman
     Britt
     Budd
     Capito
     Cassidy
     Collins
     Coons
     Cornyn
     Cortez Masto
     Cotton
     Cramer
     Crapo
     Cruz
     Curtis
     Daines
     Ernst
     Fetterman
     Fischer
     Gillibrand
     Graham
     Grassley
     Hagerty
     Hawley
     Hoeven
     Husted
     Hyde-Smith
     Johnson
     Justice
     Kennedy
     Lankford
     Lee
     Marshall
     McConnell
     McCormick
     Moody
     Moran
     Moreno
     Murkowski
     Paul
     Ricketts
     Risch
     Rosen
     Rounds
     Schmitt
     Schumer
     Scott (FL)
     Scott (SC)
     Sheehy
     Sullivan
     Thune
     Tillis
     Tuberville
     Wicker
     Young

                             NOT VOTING--1

       
     Lummis
       
  The motion was rejected.


                      Vote on Motion to Discharge

  The PRESIDING OFFICER. Under the previous order, the question occurs 
on agreeing to the motion to discharge S.J. Res. 138.
  Mr. BARRASSO. I ask for the yeas and nays.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there a sufficient second?
  There appears to be a sufficient second.
  The clerk will call the roll.
  The legislative clerk called the roll.
  Mr. BARRASSO. The following Senator is necessarily absent: the 
Senator from North Carolina (Mr. Tillis).
  The result was announced--yeas 36, nays 63, as follows:

                      [Rollcall Vote No. 81 Leg.]

                                YEAS--36

     Alsobrooks
     Baldwin
     Bennet
     Blunt Rochester
     Booker
     Cantwell
     Duckworth
     Durbin
     Gallego
     Hassan
     Heinrich
     Hickenlooper
     Hirono
     Kaine
     Kelly
     Kim
     King
     Klobuchar
     Lujan
     Markey
     Merkley
     Murphy
     Murray
     Ossoff
     Padilla
     Sanders
     Schatz
     Schiff
     Shaheen
     Slotkin
     Smith
     Van Hollen
     Warnock
     Warren
     Welch
     Wyden

                                NAYS--63

     Armstrong
     Banks
     Barrasso
     Blackburn
     Blumenthal
     Boozman
     Britt
     Budd
     Capito
     Cassidy
     Collins
     Coons
     Cornyn
     Cortez Masto
     Cotton
     Cramer
     Crapo
     Cruz
     Curtis
     Daines
     Ernst
     Fetterman
     Fischer
     Gillibrand
     Graham
     Grassley
     Hagerty
     Hawley
     Hoeven
     Husted
     Hyde-Smith
     Johnson
     Justice
     Kennedy
     Lankford
     Lee
     Lummis
     Marshall
     McConnell
     McCormick
     Moody
     Moran
     Moreno
     Murkowski
     Paul
     Peters
     Reed
     Ricketts
     Risch
     Rosen
     Rounds
     Schmitt
     Schumer
     Scott (FL)
     Scott (SC)
     Sheehy
     Sullivan
     Thune
     Tuberville
     Warner
     Whitehouse
     Wicker
     Young

                             NOT VOTING--1

       
     Tillis
       
  The motion was rejected.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from Louisiana.


                      Unanimous Consent Agreement

  Mr. KENNEDY. Mr. President, I move that, for the remainder of the 
votes this evening, all votes be limited to 17 minutes and, at the end 
of 17 minutes, voting automatically expire ipso facto without any 
discretion whatsoever.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there objection?
  Without objection, it is so ordered.
  The majority leader.

                          ____________________