[Congressional Record Volume 172, Number 55 (Tuesday, March 24, 2026)]
[Senate]
[Pages S1584-S1588]
From the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]




                        ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

  Mr. SANDERS. Mr. President, we are at the beginning of the most 
profound technological revolution in world history, a revolution which 
will bring unimaginable changes to every aspect of our society.
  Artificial intelligence and robotics will impact our economy, our 
political lives, our privacy, our emotional well-being, our 
environment, and even our survival--the survival of humanity on this 
planet.
  The scale, scope, and speed of this change will be unprecedented. 
That is not the view of Bernie Sanders. That is the view of some of the 
most knowledgeable people in the world who have developed AI, who study 
AI.
  According to Demis Hassabis, the head of Google's DeepMind--the head 
of Google's DeepMind--the AI revolution will be 10 times bigger than 
the industrial revolution and 10 times faster. In other words, the AI 
revolution will have 100 times the impact that the industrial 
revolution had.
  People left the farms. They went to work in factories. People left 
factories. They went to work in offices. According to the head of 
Google's DeepMind,

[[Page S1585]]

this revolution will be 100 times more impactful.
  Mr. President, it is not just what the leaders of the AI companies 
are saying. Take a look at what they are doing. This year, four--four--
AI companies are spending almost $700 billion to build out data centers 
across this country. As a percentage of GDP, that is 10 times greater 
than what we spent each year on Moon landings, going to the Moon.
  Despite the extraordinary importance of this issue and the speed at 
which it is progressing, AI has gotten far too little discussion here 
in Congress. I fear very much that while the American people are deeply 
concerned about the economic, the spiritual, the political impact of 
AI, Congress is totally unprepared to respond to the existential 
changes that are taking place. We are way, way, way behind where the 
American people are in terms of their concerns.
  Here are, in my view, a few questions, just a few, that Members of 
Congress and the American people should be asking.
  Question No. 1, a rather obvious question: Who is pushing the AI and 
robotics revolution? Ordinary people going up and saying: Hey, we got 
to automate factories. We got to do that. Who is pushing it? Well, I 
think we all know what the answer is. The answer is Mr. Musk, Mr. 
Bezos, Mr. Zuckerberg, Mr. Ellison.
  These are some of the wealthiest people in the world, and they are 
investing hundreds of billions of dollars in AI and robotics. Okay. 
Fair enough.
  Why are they doing it? Why are these multibillionaires investing huge 
sums of money into these new technologies? Do you think it is because 
they are staying up nights and they are saying: My goodness, 60 percent 
of the American people are struggling economically? They are living 
paycheck to paycheck. Can't afford groceries. They can't afford 
housing. They can't afford healthcare. And that is why we are going to 
push these technologies, to improve life for ordinary Americans.
  Well, maybe, but I doubt that very much. I think the answer is 
obvious. These multibillionaires are investing in AI and robotics 
because those investments will increase their wealth and power 
exponentially. They will make massive profits. In other words, the 
richest and most powerful people on Earth will become even richer and 
more powerful.
  And another question I think that we obviously should be asking is: 
What will the impacts of AI and robotics be on our society? How is it 
going to impact us? Pretty obvious question.
  In my view, and according to the people who have studied this issue 
extensively, including Nobel Prize winners, AI and robotics will bring 
about the most rapid societal transformation in human history. Let me 
repeat. AI and robotics will bring about the most rapid societal 
transformation in human history.
  Among other things, AI and robotics will transform our economy with 
massive job displacement. It will impact our emotional well-being and 
how we relate to each other as human beings. It will lead to a massive 
invasion of privacy. It will threaten our democratic institutions, and 
it will bring severe harm to our environment.
  Further and frighteningly, some very knowledgeable people fear that 
what was once seen as science fiction could soon become a reality, and 
that is superintelligent AI could become smarter than humans, could 
become independent of human control, and pose an existential threat to 
the human race. In other words, this is what they used to make science 
fiction movies about.
  But some of the most knowledgeable people on Earth, including people 
who have helped develop this technology, actually believe human beings 
could lose control over the planet to artificial intelligence.
  Question No. 4: What happens to working people, to ordinary Americans 
during this revolutionary upheaval? Well, don't take my word for it. I 
am not an expert on it. Let's hear what the leaders in the industry are 
saying in their own words, not Bernie Sanders. This is what the people 
who have invested hundreds of billions of dollars in the industry are 
saying.
  Elon Musk, who has made massive investments in AI and robotics, 
recently said:

       AI and robots will replace all jobs.

  Now, is Mr. Musk exaggerating? Is he wrong? I don't know. But I think 
you might want to take a listen to one of the most powerful people on 
Earth, who is investing very heavily in these technologies.
  Bill Gates, another multibillionaire investing heavily in AI, he 
predicted that:

       [H]umans won't be needed for most things.

  Mustafa Suleyman, the CEO of Microsoft AI--the CEO of Microsoft AI--
said most white-collar work:

       [W]ill be fully automated by an AI within the next 12 to 18 
     months.

  Not 12 to 18 years, 12 to 18 months. That is the CEO of Microsoft AI. 
Somebody might be a little concerned about that here in Congress.
  Last week, the Wall Street Journal reported that Jeff Bezos, the 
fourth richest man alive, who is worth over $200 billion, is seeking to 
raise $100 billion to purchase factories all over America. OK? One of 
the richest guys in the world is seeking to raise $100 billion to 
purchase factories all over the country.
  His goal: Replace the millions of workers who are employed in these 
plants with robots. Maybe somebody here might be raising some concerns 
about the fact that we are on the beginning of the end of manufacturing 
jobs in the United States.
  And for Mr. Bezos, this is not just an idle threat. According to The 
New York Times, Mr. Bezos plans to fully automate Amazon operations. He 
owns Amazon. He wants to fully automate Amazon operations, beginning by 
replacing at least 600,000 workers with robots.

  So this is a guy who has a track record. That is what he is doing 
right now; and he wants to expand that vision all across the country, 
basically wipe out manufacturing jobs in America and get rid of 
millions of workers.
  Why does he want to do it? Well, the answer is fairly obvious: 
Because AI and robots will cost employers far less than human labor. 
Robots work 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. Robots do not need sick days 
or healthcare. They don't take Christmas or New Year's Day off. They 
will end up costing employers a fraction of what human labor costs.
  As Dario Amodei, the head of Anthropic, has said: AI isn't a 
substitute for specific human jobs but rather a general labor 
substitute for humans.
  And according to Open AI's charter, its charter, its mission is to 
build:

       [H]ighly autonomous systems that outperform humans at most 
     economically valuable work.

  In other words, what these guys are working toward is creating an AI 
which can do virtually any job better than a human being can do. What 
are the impacts of that? Well, you know, we might want to have a 
discussion about that here in the Congress.
  As the ranking member of the U.S. Senate Health, Education, Labor and 
Pensions Committee, I released a number of months ago a well-researched 
report, finding that AI automation and robotics could replace nearly 
100 million jobs in America over the next decade--100 million jobs--
including 47 percent of truck drivers, 64 percent of accountants, and 
89 percent of fast-food workers, among many other occupations.
  There are towns and cities in America we are already seeing a lot of 
driverless vehicles. In Texas now, you have 18-wheelers going down the 
road, and nobody is driving those trucks. And everything being equal, 
that will be the future unless we begin to start talking about it and 
figure out how we make AI robotics work for workers, not just the 
richest people on Earth.
  We are already--not next year, not 10 years from now--we are already 
starting to see the impact of AI on the working class in this country. 
Researchers at Stanford released a paper in November called ``Canaries 
in the Coal Mine? Six Facts about the Recent Employment Effects of 
Artificial Intelligence'' that found that there has already been a 16-
percent relative decline in employment for younger workers in jobs 
exposed to AI like computer programming and customer service. Further, 
42 percent of new college graduates are underemployed.
  At the same time, for every new job posting, there are now, on 
average, 242 job applicants. In other words, for our

[[Page S1586]]

young people, getting a job is going to be increasingly difficult.
  If OpenAI is successful in building what they want to build--``highly 
autonomous systems that outperform humans at most economically valuable 
work''--I have a very simple question that we might be discussing here 
on the floor of the Senate: What happens to those workers? How will 
they be able to find new jobs if there are no jobs to find? How are 
they going to feed their families? How are they going to buy 
healthcare? How are they going to stay alive if AI robotics eliminate 
millions of jobs and create massive unemployment? How will people 
survive if they have no income?
  How do government programs like Social Security and Medicare survive 
if workers are not paying taxes? If you don't work, you don't pay 
taxes.
  Another question that we must be discussing: What impact will AI have 
on our ability to relate to each other as human beings? What impact 
will it have on our emotional well-being?
  Well, work is one of the ways we connect to each other. In many 
cases, work also gives our lives meaning and purpose. We all, whether 
we are doctors or janitors, scientists or snowplow operators, want to 
serve our communities and be productive members of society. We want to 
give back. What happens when millions of people lose their jobs, their 
meaning and purpose, and their source of connection to each other?
  I am also concerned--and it is not just me; parents all over this 
country are deeply concerned--about the impact AI is having on the 
emotional well-being of our kids and, in fact, of all people.
  According to a recent poll by Common Sense Media, 72 percent of 
American teenagers say they have used AI for companionship, and more 
than half do so regularly.
  So let's take a deep breath and ask ourselves a simple question: What 
does it mean for our young people to form friendships and become 
emotionally dependent on AI while at the same time becoming 
increasingly isolated from other human beings?
  Does anyone in America think that the past 20 years of social media 
have been good and healthy for children's mental health and cognitive 
capabilities? I suspect most people understand that is not the case.
  The statistics are quite clear. Mental health among young people is 
in crisis. According to the U.S. Health and Human Services Department, 
one in five young people has a diagnosed mental health condition such 
as anxiety or depression. From 2016 to 2023, the prevalence of anxiety 
has increased by over 60 percent.
  Further, and very importantly, studies indicate that there has been a 
cognitive decline in young people in our country and, in fact, in 
countries all over the world. In America today, more students are 
reading below a basic level than 20 years ago. It appears that the more 
time kids spend on screens, the worse it is for their brains.
  Does anyone really think we should now entrust the same big tech 
companies that have gotten our kids hooked on screens and social media 
with even more power over our children's well-being and development? 
That is a question we need to be discussing long and hard.
  Here is another question that I think we should be asking: Will AI 
result in a massive invasion of our privacy and our civil liberties?
  For decades, companies have been collecting our personal 
information--what we search for online, where we visit, who we talk to, 
what we purchase. Now AI makes it possible for someone to quickly 
analyze all of that disparate information, find patterns, and create 
profiles of us.
  Larry Ellison--the second wealthiest person on Earth and a major 
investor in AI--predicts an AI-powered surveillance state is coming 
wherein ``citizens will be on their best behavior because we are 
constantly recording and reporting everything that is going on.''
  Last week, in my office, I had an extremely interesting experience. I 
spoke with Anthropic's AI Claude about the privacy risks posed by AI.
  Here is what Claude told me:

       When companies and governments have detailed profiles of 
     millions of people, they have power over those people in ways 
     most Americans don't fully grasp. They can manipulate your 
     choices, predict your behavior, and influence your thinking.

  That is from Claude. I don't know if you are supposed to quote AI, 
but that is what AI said.
  In other words, with AI, we will reach the stage where every phone 
call, every email, every text, and every bank and medical record could 
be analyzed in a matter of minutes. Do we trust companies that have 
made billions of dollars in selling our information with this 
extraordinary power to instantly know everything about us?
  My fear is that if we allow the current situation to continue, 
privacy as a human right will disappear.
  Here is another question that needs to be seriously discussed: What 
impact will AI have on our democracy? We are already facing enormous 
threats from a corrupt campaign finance system, et cetera. What impact 
will AI have on our democracy?
  AI will mean that images, statements, and videos you see from public 
officials and candidates may be totally false. In other words, words 
can be put into the mouths of individuals in a way that it is virtually 
impossible to detect.
  Let me give you one rather personal example. Here is an image of a 
guy named Bernie Sanders, a Senator from Vermont. In this image or on 
this video, Senator Bernie Sanders is promoting a website that provides 
a government rebate. There is just one problem: I never said the words 
that they have coming out of my mouth. There is no government rebate. 
This whole thing is a total scam. Well, I must say the picture is not 
all that bad. But this is something we are going to see more and more 
of.
  This is obviously not something just known to me; the so-called 
deepfakes have been created of many well-known people. Sometimes you 
are seeing people whom you know who say things that sound a little 
weird. Why are they saying that? Well, do you know what? They are not 
saying that. It is a fake.
  I want you to appreciate that if 2 days before an election, a 
candidate gets up there and says all of these wild and crazy things and 
you say ``Wow. Why is that guy saying that?'' Well, do you know what? 
He or she may not be saying that. It may be a total fake.
  The line between reality, which is what is true, and misinformation, 
which is the distortion of truth, is increasingly being blurred. We are 
seeing that every day on the internet.
  If we cannot distinguish between reality and misinformation, what 
will, in fact, happen to our democratic institutions? It is an issue I 
think we need to be thinking about.
  Further, what impact is AI having on our environment?
  AI requires zillions of calculations. Those calculations require huge 
data centers, which, in turn, require a massive amount of electricity 
and water. For example, Meta is building a data center in Louisiana 
that is the size of Manhattan that will use as much electricity as 1.6 
million homes. One data center will use as much electricity as 1.6 
million homes.

  The increased demand for electricity is leading to higher electricity 
rates. Over the past 5 years, wholesale electricity costs have 
increased by up to 267 percent in areas near data centers. Further, 
this increased demand will drive a massive expansion of fossil fuels 
when we are already seeing the devastating impacts of the global crisis 
of climate change.
  A further question: Does AI pose an existential risk to our planet 
and to the survival of humanity?
  It is rather a fundamental question that I think we might want to be 
discussing, so let me pose it again.
  Does AI pose an existential risk to our planet and to the survival of 
humanity?
  This guy is named Dr. Geoffrey Hinton. He is considered by most 
people to be the godfather of AI. He did the groundbreaking work which 
led us to where we are today. He received a Nobel Prize in Physics a 
few years ago. What Dr. Hinton says is that there is a 10- to 20-
percent chance they wipe us out.
  Many of the most knowledgeable people on this issue of AI believe 
that AI will become smarter than humans. It is not a question of 
whether that will happen; it is a question of when that will happen. AI 
has already developed concerning patterns. AI, today, can lie, it can 
cheat, and it can blackmail. In

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other words, we already are beginning to lose control of AI.
  What happens when AI becomes smarter than we are? This concern about 
superintelligence is why leading experts like the godfather of AI, Dr. 
Geoffrey Hinton, have warned there is a real chance that AI could wipe 
out humanity. I don't want to get people too nervous, but that is what 
some people are saying.
  It is not just Hinton; there are a number of leading people. I was in 
California last month, talking to a number of people in the industry. 
The idea that humans can lose control of AI and that AI can act 
independently and cause extraordinary damage to the human race is not 
just science fiction; it is what many of these guys believe.
  That leads to my final set of questions: Where is the Congress?
  Now, it is hard not to imagine that these issues we are talking about 
are of enormous consequence to every man, woman, and child in this 
country. And this is not new news. Poll after poll shows the American 
people are deeply concerned about the economic impacts on their kids, 
the existential threats, et cetera.
  So where is Congress? What exactly have the House and the Senate done 
so far to address the extraordinary challenges posed by artificial 
intelligence?
  The answer: Not much.
  Well, why has Congress been totally ineffective on this issue?
  The answer will not surprise the American people: We have a corrupt 
campaign finance system, and too often, Members of Congress are worried 
about their campaign contributions rather than the needs of their 
constituents.
  The AI oligarchs, some of the wealthiest people in the country 
running enormously profitable and well-funded companies, have already 
spent over $150 million buying influence, $150 million telling 
Congress: Leave us alone. We got it. Don't get involved in these 
issues. We will determine--we, the wealthiest people on Earth--will 
determine the future of humanity.
  Meanwhile, last week, the Trump administration put out a 
``comprehensive'' legislative framework on AI that is all of four pages 
long--not quite so comprehensive. In the midst of a massive and 
unprecedented attack on the working class of this country, the Trump 
administration's solution says:

       Congress should not create any new federal rulemaking body 
     to regulate AI.

  Leave the multibillionaires running the industry alone. They make a 
lot of campaign contributions--the rich are getting richer. Leave them 
alone.
  In the midst of a massive and unprecedented attack on our humanity, 
the Trump administration's solution says:

       States should not be permitted to regulate AI development.

  In other words, instead of the U.S. Congress representing the 
interests of ordinary Americans, the Trump administration and many 
Members of Congress--in both parties, by the way--want to allow a 
handful of billionaires to race forward to develop AI for increased 
power and wealth for themselves. That is the bad news, and it is pretty 
scary news.
  Now, here is the good news: The American people--despite the 
inactivity of Congress, the American people are fighting back. In 
community after community, Americans are organizing against data 
centers that are powering the AI revolution, and they are winning, 
taking on very powerful corporations. And many of these communities are 
deeply red, conservative; some are progressive. But ordinary people 
look around them and say: You know what. We don't think these data 
centers are going to do our community any good. They are going to raise 
our rates, put pressure on our water, destroy the local environment. We 
don't want them. In fact, more than 100 local communities around the 
country have enacted moratoriums on data centers, and 12 States are 
pushing forward with statewide moratorium proposals.
  And here is an important point that I think has not gotten anywhere 
near the discussion that it deserves. Three years ago, in March of 
2023, more than 1,000 leading AI experts, including Elon Musk, Yoshua 
Bengio, Stuart Russell, and many, many others--these are leaders in 
industry--called for AI labs to ``immediately pause for at least 6 
months,'' and if such a pause were not enacted, called on governments 
to ``step in and institute a moratorium.''
  They recognized that ``advanced AI could represent a profound change 
in the history of life on Earth, and should be planned for and managed 
with commensurate care and resources.''
  And then these experts--again, these are some of the most 
knowledgeable people on AI in the world--they asked a series of 
questions:

       Should we let machines flood our information channels with 
     propaganda and untruth? Should we automate away all the jobs, 
     including the fulfilling ones? Should we develop nonhuman 
     minds that might eventually outnumber, outsmart, obsolete and 
     replace us? Should we risk loss of control of our 
     civilization?

  These are some of the leading and most knowledgeable people in the AI 
industry 3 years ago. They concluded:

       Such decisions must not be delegated to unelected tech 
     leaders. Powerful AI systems should be developed only once we 
     are confident that their effects will be positive and their 
     risks will be manageable.

  And I agree with what these scientists and industry leaders said. We 
need to slow down the development of AI to give democracy, to give 
ordinary people, a chance to catch up.
  Unfortunately, several years have come and gone since this letter has 
come out, and there has been no pause, and there has been no action of 
significance on the part of Congress.
  And that is why I will be introducing legislation tomorrow to ban the 
development of new AI data centers. A moratorium will give us the 
chance to figure out how to make sure that AI benefits the working 
families of this country, not just a handful of billionaires who want 
more and more wealth and more and more power. A moratorium will give us 
the time to figure out how to ensure that AI is safe and effective and 
prevent the worst outcomes. A moratorium will give us the time to 
figure out how to make sure AI does not harm our environment or jack up 
the electric bills that we pay. Bottom line: A moratorium will give the 
American people the time to determine how we can make AI and robotics 
work for them, not just a few wealthy people.
  We need to pass this moratorium here. We need to slow down the 
development of AI around the world, and we need to bring the 
international community together to address the risk posed by AI.
  And I can tell you that, in China, in Europe, in countries all over 
the world, there is deep concern about the safety of AI and the 
possible loss of human control over AI.
  So we are looking at the most sweeping and impactful technological 
revolution in the history of humanity. It will impact all of us in so 
many ways. Yet Congress remains too busy raising contributions from the 
industry rather than standing up for the needs of the working people. 
That has got to change.
  I look forward to working with my colleagues to make sure that we 
finally pass a moratorium, slow this down, and make AI robotics work 
for all of us, not just the few.
  I yield the floor.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER (Ms. Lummis). The Senator from Delaware.


                            SAVE AMERICA ACT

  Mr. COONS. Madam President, the business of this body today has been 
the so-called SAVE America Act, a legislative proposal from my 
colleagues in the Republican Party that is presented as a simple voter 
ID bill. Who could be against that, requiring ID to vote?
  But it is actually a far more destructive bill, a bill that could be 
characterized as the ``Save Republicans From Accountability Act,'' the 
bill that is designed to make it much harder to vote for tens of 
millions of Americans. And so to try and address some of the underlying 
problems, challenges, with this bill, I have offered several 
amendments, and I want to speak to them this evening.
  My Republican colleagues who have spoken repeatedly on this floor 
about this bill love to say how popular voter ID is: 83 percent of 
Americans support it. Well, if my Republican colleagues believe we 
should pass this bill because of its popularity, shouldn't we start 
with another policy that is even more popular? Eighty-seven percent of 
Americans believe criminal background checks should be required for all 
gun purchases. That would mean closing existing loopholes that allow 
folks in the United States to purchase weapons without going through 
the background check process.

[[Page S1588]]

  And that poll saying 87 percent support it, it is not from some 
leftist group; it is from FOX News. Of course, universal background 
checks are popular. Americans are sick of the daily tragedies of gun 
violence in our communities across our country. They are sick of 
attacks in schools, in grocery stores, at concerts, in churches, in 
communities. They are sick and tired of tiny coffins. So I have 
introduced an amendment to the SAVE Act, adding a provision that would 
require universal background checks. So let's get this popular and 
bipartisan amendment passed. And if, as my colleagues claim, the SAVE 
America Act is not a burden but actually a protection of the right to 
vote, shouldn't other constitutional rights, fundamental freedoms, be 
subject to the same sorts of rules? Forty-seven thousand Americans were 
killed in gun violence in 2023, the leading cause of death for children 
and teens in many States.
  And the SAVE Act is presented as a solution to the problem of those 
who are not citizens voting. It is a solution in search of a problem. 
The Heritage Foundation--the Heritage Foundation--went through and 
looked, over decades, over all the ballots cast in 23 years and found 
77 proven cases of ballots cast by noncitizens. That is a tiny 
percentage.
  For every ballot cast by a noncitizen, 14,000 Americans are killed by 
a gun each year. You can tell me which is the bigger problem.
  So shouldn't buying a gun be at least as difficult as voting under 
the bill advanced by my colleagues? My amendment would bring the same 
restrictions that the SAVE America Act wants to bring to voting to gun 
buying. If you need a passport and a birth certificate to vote, why not 
to buy a semiautomatic rifle? All of our constitutional rights should 
be protected, so why not apply the standards to the Second Amendment 
that my colleagues hope to apply to the right to vote?
  I hope we will take it up, debate it, and pass it.
  Let me speak to another amendment that I am offering to the SAVE 
America Act. The SAVE America Act takes away the ability to register to 
vote by mail or online. You have to go in person to a specific place 
with documents, and yet millions of Americans live in rural areas, 
hours away from these relevant government offices. What if you can't 
drive? What if you can't take time off of work? What about the cost of 
all that gas as the price of gas keeps skyrocketing? It would take away 
the ability to reregister and to vote for these rural Americans. So I 
filed an amendment that says: For those Americans who live 50 miles 
away or more from the closest election office, they can register by 
mail or online.
  The passport process is particularly challenging for rural voters who 
can't get a new passport online or by mail. You have to show up in 
person at a government office to apply, then get to the election office 
to register once you get your passport. How many more hoops do my 
Republican colleagues want to make rural voters jump through in order 
to vote?
  My amendment would permit those who live 50 miles or more away from a 
passport office or an election office to apply for their passport 
online or by phone.
  The cost of living keeps going up. To get a passport doesn't just 
take time and travel, it costs $165. So I filed an amendment that would 
make passports for the purposes of voting free for American citizens.
  The SAVE America Act has another basic flaw. It would make it 
difficult to vote for the nearly 70 million American women who changed 
their name in marriage, where their current name is different than the 
name on their birth certificate. That includes, obviously, many people 
of concern but particularly my wife and my mother have different last 
names today than they did the day they were born.
  One of the things that is, I think, a fundamental flaw to the SAVE 
America Act is it allows those women to vote if they have a passport. 
Yet millions of Americans do not have passports, and the cost and the 
difficulty of getting them, I think, is too big a barrier to voting.
  What about veterans? Will we actually make them drive for hours to 
reregister? I am working on an amendment to partner with the VA to make 
it easier for veterans to administer.
  And so, frankly, I have many amendments I would like to discuss, but 
these are the few I will bring up this evening because, before we get 
to a final vote on the SAVE America Act, we need to perfect it because 
the right to vote is a sacred right in America, and this is a bill in 
search of a problem, not solving that problem.
  Madam President, the Trump administration owes my constituents money. 
It owes a lot of Americans money. The administration owes you $166 
billion in illegal tariff revenue. Just over a year ago with what he 
called ``Liberation Day,'' President Trump imposed wildly irresponsible 
tariffs on virtually every country on Earth, including our closest 
allies and those with whom he concluded trade deals like Canada and 
Mexico. It has damaged our relationships abroad, it has harmed our 
national security, and frankly, it has imposed what is the equivalent 
of a national sales tax on hundreds of millions of consumers.
  Well, after a year of litigation, the Supreme Court ruled in February 
by a 6-to-3 majority that those tariffs are illegal, that under the 
Constitution, the tariff power--the taxing power--is assigned to the 
Congress, not to the President. Trump promised Americans he would bring 
down costs on day one, but through tariffs did the exact opposite. If 
someone had stolen money out of your wallet, out of your family's bank 
account, you would want it back.
  The average American household has paid $1,700 in tariffs now 
declared illegal by the Supreme Court. Our President took that money 
out of the pockets of Americans and should now give it back, so I am 
here demanding Delaware's money back for Delawareans. I am a proud 
cosponsor of a bill to do just that. Families need that money back now 
because they are increasingly struggling.
  Because of the war in Iran, gas in Delaware was $2.87 a gallon just 
over a month ago; it is now, today, $3.79. The cost of groceries have 
gone up. The cost of healthcare has gone up. The cost of electricity 
has gone up. The cost of gas has gone up. Why are these costs going up? 
Partly the reckless war with Iran, but also tariffs. After the Supreme 
Court struck down the IEEPA tariffs--that is the law on which they were 
based--Trump proposed and put in place a new 10-percent global tariff.
  One of the things I get called about the most is the cost of housing. 
Our little State of Delaware needs to build 24,000 new homes by 2030 to 
meet the demands for housing, yet many of the key inputs--lumber from 
Canada, drywall from Mexico, fixtures and features, the faucets and 
bathroom vanities--imported from outside our country face stiff 
tariffs.
  The costs of home ownership and housing keep going up, and my Tariff 
Exclusion Act would eliminate those tariffs and bring those costs back 
down because this just isn't right or fair to the people of Delaware 
and our Nation--folks who are building and innovating, folks who are 
farming, folks who are launching small businesses, folks just trying to 
put food on the table, clothes on their kids' backs, and send them to 
school and keep them safe. They have paid too much in tariffs, and our 
President should pay our people back.
  I yield the floor.

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