[Congressional Record Volume 172, Number 48 (Tuesday, March 17, 2026)]
[Senate]
[Pages S1116-S1120]
From the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]

  SA 4414. Mr. WYDEN submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by 
him to the bill S. 1383, to establish the Veterans Advisory Committee 
on Equal Access, and for other purposes; which was ordered to lie on 
the table; as follows:

       In lieu of the matter proposed to be inserted, insert the 
     following:

     SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

       This Act may be cited as the ``Cell-Site Simulator Warrant 
     Act of 2026''.

     SEC. 2. PROHIBITION ON CELL-SITE SIMULATOR USE.

       (a) Prohibition.--Chapter 205 of title 18, United States 
     Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:

     ``Sec. 3119. Cell-site simulators

       ``(a) Prohibition of Use.--
       ``(1) In general.--Except as provided in subsection (d), it 
     shall be unlawful--
       ``(A) for any individual or entity to knowingly use a cell-
     site simulator in the United States; or
       ``(B) for an element of the intelligence community to use a 
     cell-site simulator outside the United States if the subject 
     of the surveillance is a United States person.
       ``(2) Rule of construction.--Nothing in paragraph (1) shall 
     be construed to authorize a law enforcement agency of a 
     governmental entity to use a cell-site simulator outside the 
     United States.
       ``(b) Penalty.--Any individual or entity that violates 
     subsection (a)(1) shall be fined not more than $250,000.
       ``(c) Prohibition of Use as Evidence.--
       ``(1) In general.--Except as provided in paragraph (2), no 
     information acquired through the use of a cell-site simulator 
     in violation of subsection (a)(1), and no evidence derived 
     therefrom, may be received in evidence in any trial, hearing, 
     or other proceeding in or before any court, grand jury, 
     department, officer, agency, regulatory body, legislative 
     committee, or other authority of the United States, a State, 
     or a political subdivision thereof.
       ``(2) Exception for enforcement.--Information acquired 
     through the use of a cell-site simulator in violation of 
     subsection (a)(1) by a person, and evidence derived 
     therefrom, may be received in evidence in any trial, hearing, 
     or other proceeding described in paragraph (1) of this 
     subsection relating to the alleged violation of subsection 
     (a)(1) in connection with such use.
       ``(d) Exceptions.--
       ``(1) In general.--
       ``(A) Warrant.--
       ``(i) In general.--Subsection (a)(1) shall not apply to the 
     use of a cell-site simulator by a law enforcement agency of a 
     governmental entity under a warrant issued--

       ``(I) in accordance with this subparagraph; and
       ``(II) using the procedures described in, and in accordance 
     with the requirements for executing and returning a warrant 
     under, the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure (or, in the 
     case of a State court, issued using State warrant and 
     execution and return procedures and, in the case of a court-
     martial or other proceeding under chapter 47 of title 10 (the 
     Uniform Code of Military Justice), issued under section 846 
     of that title and in accordance with the requirements for 
     executing and returning such a warrant, in accordance with 
     regulations prescribed by the President) by a court of 
     competent jurisdiction.

       ``(ii) Requirements.--A court may issue a warrant described 
     in clause (i) (except, with respect to a State court, to the 
     extent use of

[[Page S1117]]

     a cell-site simulator by a law enforcement agency of a 
     governmental entity is prohibited by the law of the State) 
     only if the law enforcement agency--

       ``(I) demonstrates that other investigative procedures, 
     including electronic location tracking methods that solely 
     collect records of the investigative target--

       ``(aa) have been tried and have failed; or
       ``(bb) reasonably appear to be--
       ``(AA) unlikely to succeed if tried; or
       ``(BB) too dangerous;

       ``(II) specifies the likely area of effect of the cell-site 
     simulator to be used and the time that the cell-site 
     simulator will be in operation;
       ``(III) certifies that the requested area of effect and 
     time of operation are the narrowest reasonably possible to 
     obtain the necessary information; and
       ``(IV) demonstrates that the requested use of a cell-site 
     simulator would be in compliance with applicable provisions 
     of the Communications Act of 1934 (47 U.S.C. 151 et seq.) and 
     the rules of the Federal Communications Commission.

       ``(iii) Considerations.--In considering an application for 
     a warrant described in clause (i), the court shall--

       ``(I) weigh the need of the government to enforce the law 
     and apprehend criminals against the likelihood and impact of 
     any potential negative side effects disclosed by the 
     government under subparagraph (C); and
       ``(II) not grant a request for a warrant that would put 
     public safety at risk or unreasonably inconvenience the 
     community.

       ``(iv) Period of initial authorization.--No warrant 
     described in clause (i) may authorize the use of a cell site 
     simulator for any period longer than is necessary to achieve 
     the objective of the authorization, nor in any event for 
     longer than 30 days.
       ``(v) Extensions.--

       ``(I) In general.--A court may grant extensions of a 
     warrant described in clause (i), but only upon application 
     for an extension made in accordance with clause (i) and the 
     court considering the factors described in clause (iii) and 
     determining the requirements under clause (ii) are met.
       ``(II) Period of extension.--The period of an extension of 
     a warrant shall be no longer than the authorizing judge 
     determines necessary to achieve the purposes for which the 
     extension was granted, nor in any event for longer than 30 
     days.

       ``(vi) Termination provision.--Each warrant described in 
     clause (i), and each extension thereof, shall contain a 
     provision that the authorization to use the cell site 
     simulator shall be executed as soon as practicable and shall 
     terminate upon attainment of the authorized objective, or in 
     any event in 30 days.
       ``(vii) Start of 30-day periods.--The 30-day periods 
     described in clauses (iv), (v)(II), and (vi) shall begin on 
     the earlier of--

       ``(I) the date on which a law enforcement agency first 
     begins to use the cell site simulator as authorized by the 
     warrant, or extension thereof; or
       ``(II) the date that is 10 days after the warrant, or 
     extension thereof, is issued.

       ``(B) Emergency.--
       ``(i) In general.--Subject to clause (ii), subsection 
     (a)(1) shall not apply to the use of a cell-site simulator by 
     a law enforcement agency of a governmental entity, or use of 
     a cell-site simulator as part of assistance provided by a 
     component of the Department of Defense or an Armed Force to 
     such a law enforcement agency, if--

       ``(I) the governmental entity reasonably determines an 
     emergency exists that--

       ``(aa) involves--
       ``(AA) immediate danger of death or serious physical injury 
     to any person;
       ``(BB) conspiratorial activities characteristic of 
     organized crime; or
       ``(CC) an immediate threat to a national security interest; 
     and
       ``(bb) requires use of a cell-site simulator before a 
     warrant described in subparagraph (A) can, with due 
     diligence, be obtained; and

       ``(II) except in an instance in which the governmental 
     entity is trying to locate a lost or missing person, locate 
     someone believed to have been abducted or kidnapped, or find 
     victims, dead or alive, in an area where a natural disaster, 
     terrorist attack, or other mass casualty event has taken 
     place--

       ``(aa) there are grounds upon which a warrant described in 
     subparagraph (A) could be entered to authorize such use; and
       ``(bb) the governmental entity applies for a warrant 
     described in subparagraph (A) approving such use not later 
     than 48 hours after such use begins, and takes such steps to 
     expedite the consideration of such application as may be 
     possible.
       ``(ii) Termination of emergency use.--

       ``(I) In general.--A law enforcement agency of a 
     governmental entity shall immediately terminate use of a 
     cell-site simulator under clause (i) of this subparagraph at 
     the earlier of the time the information sought is obtained or 
     the time the application for a warrant described in 
     subparagraph (A) is denied.
       ``(II) Warrant denied.--If an application for a warrant 
     described in clause (i)(II)(bb) is denied--

       ``(aa) any information or evidence derived from use of the 
     cell-site simulator shall be--
       ``(AA) subject to subsection (c); and
       ``(BB) promptly destroyed by the applicable law enforcement 
     agency; and
       ``(bb) the applicable law enforcement agency shall serve an 
     inventory on each person named in the application.
       ``(C) Disclosures required in application.--In any 
     application for a warrant authorizing the use of a cell-site 
     simulator under subparagraph (A) or (B), the governmental 
     entity shall include the following:
       ``(i) A disclosure of any potential disruption of the 
     ability of the subject of the surveillance or bystanders to 
     use commercial mobile radio services or private mobile 
     services, including using advanced communications services, 
     to make or receive, as applicable--

       ``(I) emergency calls (including 9-1-1 calls);
       ``(II) calls to the universal telephone number within the 
     United States for the purpose of the national suicide 
     prevention and mental health crisis hotline system designated 
     under paragraph (4) of section 251(e) of the Communications 
     Act of 1934 (47 U.S.C. 251(e));
       ``(III) calls to the nationwide toll-free number for the 
     poison control centers established under section 1271 of the 
     Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 300d-71);
       ``(IV) calls using telecommunications relay services; or
       ``(V) any other communications or transmissions.

       ``(ii) A certification that the specific model of the cell-
     site simulator to be used has been inspected by a third party 
     that is an accredited testing laboratory recognized by the 
     Federal Communications Commission to verify the accuracy of 
     the disclosure under clause (i).
       ``(iii) A disclosure of the methods and precautions that 
     will be used to minimize disruption, including--

       ``(I) any limit on the length of time the cell-site 
     simulator can be in continuous operation; and
       ``(II) any user-defined limit on the transmission range of 
     the cell-site simulator.

       ``(iv) A disclosure as to whether the cell-site simulator 
     will primarily be used at a gathering where constitutionally 
     protected activity, including speech, will occur.
       ``(D) Notice.--
       ``(i) In general.--Within a reasonable time, but, subject 
     to clause (ii), not later than 90 days after the filing of an 
     application for a warrant authorizing the use of a cell-site 
     simulator which is denied or the termination of the period of 
     such a warrant, or extensions thereof, the issuing or denying 
     judge shall cause to be served on the persons named in the 
     warrant or the application, and, as the judge may determine, 
     in the discretion of the judge, is in the interest of 
     justice, other persons about whose devices the government 
     obtained information with the cell site simulator, an 
     inventory which shall include notice of--

       ``(I) the fact of the entry of the warrant or the 
     application;
       ``(II) the date of the entry and the period of authorized, 
     approved or disapproved use of a cell-site simulator, or the 
     denial of the application; and
       ``(III) whether, during the period--

       ``(aa) information about their device was, or was not, 
     obtained by the government;
       ``(bb) their location was, or was not, tracked; and
       ``(cc) their communications were, or were not, intercepted.
       ``(ii) Delay of notice.--On an ex parte showing of good 
     cause to a court of competent jurisdiction, the serving of 
     the inventory required under clause (i) may be postponed.
       ``(2) Foreign intelligence surveillance.--Use of a cell-
     site simulator by an element of the intelligence community 
     shall not be subject to subsection (a)(1) if it is conducted 
     in a manner that is in accordance with--
       ``(A) title I of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act 
     of 1978 (50 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.) (including testing or 
     training authorized under paragraph (1) or (3) of section 
     105(g) of such Act (50 U.S.C. 1805(g)) (including such 
     testing or training conducted in conjunction with a component 
     of the Department of Defense or an Armed Force), if any 
     information obtained during such testing or training 
     (including metadata) is destroyed after its use for such 
     testing or training); or
       ``(B) section 704(c)(1)(E) of such Act (50 U.S.C. 
     1881c(c)(1)(E)).
       ``(3) Research.--Subsection (a)(1) shall not apply to the 
     use of a cell-site simulator in order to engage, in good-
     faith, in research or teaching by a person that is not--
       ``(A) a law enforcement agency of a governmental entity;
       ``(B) an element of the intelligence community; or
       ``(C) acting as an agent thereof.
       ``(4) Protective services.--
       ``(A) In general.--Subsection (a)(1) shall not apply to the 
     use of a cell-site simulator in the performance of protective 
     duties pursuant to section 3056 of this title, or as 
     otherwise authorized by law.
       ``(B) Prohibition on use as evidence.--No information 
     acquired through the use of a cell-site simulator under the 
     authority under subparagraph (A), and no evidence derived 
     therefrom, may be received in evidence in any trial, hearing, 
     or other proceeding in or before any court, grand jury, 
     department, officer, agency, regulatory body, legislative 
     committee, or other authority of the United States, a State, 
     or a political subdivision thereof.
       ``(C) No bar to other authorized use.--Nothing in 
     subparagraph (A) or (B) shall be construed to prohibit the 
     United States Secret Service from using a cell-site simulator 
     in accordance with a provision of this section other than 
     subparagraph (A).

[[Page S1118]]

       ``(5) Contraband interdiction by correctional facilities.--
     Subsection (a)(1) shall not apply to the use of a contraband 
     interdiction system if the correctional facility or the 
     entity operating the contraband interdiction system for the 
     benefit of the correctional facility--
       ``(A) has--
       ``(i) taken reasonable steps to restrict transmissions by 
     the contraband interdiction system to cellular devices 
     physically located within the property of the correctional 
     facility;
       ``(ii) posted signs around the correctional facility 
     informing visitors and staff that the correctional facility 
     employs such a contraband interdiction system; and
       ``(iii) complied with any relevant regulations promulgated 
     by the Federal Communications Commission and, as applicable, 
     policies issued by the National Telecommunications and 
     Information Administration;
       ``(B) annually tests and evaluates compliance with 
     subparagraph (A) in accordance with best practices, which 
     shall be issued by the Federal Communications Commission; and
       ``(C) not later than 10 business days after identifying an 
     issue relating to the use of the contraband interdiction 
     system, whether in the course of normal business operations 
     or conducting testing and evaluation, submits to the Federal 
     Communications Commission a report describing the issues 
     identified and the steps taken to address the issues.
       ``(6) Testing and training by law enforcement.--Subsection 
     (a)(1) shall not apply to the use of a cell-site simulator by 
     a law enforcement agency of a governmental entity in the 
     normal course of official duties that is not targeted against 
     the communications of any particular person or persons, under 
     procedures approved by the Attorney General, solely to--
       ``(A) test the capability of electronic equipment, if--
       ``(i) it is not reasonable to obtain the consent of the 
     persons incidentally subjected to the surveillance;
       ``(ii) the test is limited in extent and duration to that 
     necessary to determine to capability of the equipment;
       ``(iii) any information obtained during such testing 
     (including metadata) is retained and used only for the 
     purpose of determining the capability of the equipment, is 
     disclosed only to test personnel, and is destroyed before or 
     immediately upon completion of the test; and
       ``(iv) the test is for a period of not longer than 90 days, 
     unless the law enforcement agency obtains the prior approval 
     of the Attorney General; or
       ``(B) train law enforcement personnel in the use of 
     electronic surveillance equipment, if--
       ``(i) it is not reasonable to--

       ``(I) obtain the consent of the persons incidentally 
     subjected to the surveillance;
       ``(II) train persons in the course of otherwise authorized 
     law enforcement activities; or
       ``(III) train persons in the use of such equipment without 
     engaging in surveillance;

       ``(ii) such surveillance is limited in extent and duration 
     to that necessary to train the personnel in the use of the 
     equipment; and
       ``(iii) any information obtained during such training 
     (including metadata) is destroyed after its use for such 
     training.
       ``(7) FCC testing.--Subsection (a)(1) shall not apply to 
     the use of a cell-site simulator by the Federal 
     Communications Commission, or an accredited testing 
     laboratory recognized by the Federal Communications 
     Commission, in order to test the cell-site simulator.
       ``(8) Rule of construction.--Nothing in this subsection 
     shall be construed to exempt a State or local government from 
     complying with regulations promulgated by the Federal 
     Communications Commission, including the requirement to 
     obtain authorization to transmit on spectrum regulated by the 
     Federal Communications Commission.
       ``(e) Limit on Certain Use Not Conducted Pursuant to 
     Warrants and Orders.--The use of a cell-site simulator under 
     subsection (d)(1)(B) of this section (which shall not include 
     such a use by a component of the Department of Defense or an 
     Armed Force providing assistance to a law enforcement agency 
     of a governmental entity under such subsection (d)(1)(B)), 
     under section 105(e) of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance 
     Act of 1978 (50 U.S.C. 1805(e)), or under clause (i) or (ii) 
     of section 102(a)(1)(A) of the Foreign Intelligence 
     Surveillance Act of 1978 (50 U.S.C. 1802(a)(1)(A)) may only 
     be carried out lawfully using a specific model of a cell-site 
     simulator for which the disclosures required under clauses 
     (i) and (ii) of subsection (d)(1)(C) were included with 
     respect to the specific model in connection with--
       ``(1) for use by an element of the intelligence community 
     under title I of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 
     1978 (50 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.), an application for an order 
     under such Act that was approved; or
       ``(2) for use by a law enforcement agency of a governmental 
     entity, an application for a warrant--
       ``(A) under the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure that 
     was approved by a judge of the judicial district in which the 
     law enforcement agency intends to use the cell-site 
     simulator; or
       ``(B) using State warrant procedures that was approved by a 
     judge of the State in which the law enforcement agency 
     intends to use the cell-site simulator.
       ``(f) Minimization.--
       ``(1) In general.--The Attorney General shall adopt 
     specific procedures that are reasonably designed to minimize 
     the acquisition and retention, and prohibit the 
     dissemination, of information obtained through the use of a 
     cell-site simulator under an exception under paragraph (1) or 
     (2) of subsection (d) that pertains to any person who is not 
     an authorized subject of the use.
       ``(2) Publication.--The Attorney General shall make 
     publicly available on the website of the Department of 
     Justice the procedures adopted under paragraph (1) and any 
     revisions to such procedures.
       ``(3) Use by agencies.--If a law enforcement agency of a 
     governmental entity or element of the intelligence community 
     acquires information pertaining to a person who is not an 
     authorized subject of the use of a cell-site simulator under 
     an exception under paragraph (1) or (2) of subsection (d), 
     the law enforcement agency or element of the intelligence 
     community shall--
       ``(A) minimize the acquisition and retention, and prohibit 
     the dissemination, of the information in accordance with the 
     procedures adopted under paragraph (1); and
       ``(B) destroy the information (including metadata) at the 
     earliest possible opportunity.
       ``(g) Disclosure to Defendant.--Any information acquired 
     through the operation of a cell-site simulator, or derived 
     from such information, shall be disclosed to the defendant in 
     any action in which the information is introduced into 
     evidence.
       ``(h) Scope of Collection.--
       ``(1) Authorized use.--Information collected under this 
     section may only include information identifying nearby 
     electronic devices communicating with the cell-site simulator 
     and the strength and direction of transmissions from those 
     electronic devices.
       ``(2) Compliance with wiretapping requirements to obtain 
     contents.--In the case of any interception of a wire or 
     electronic communication by the cell-site simulator--
       ``(A) with respect to an interception by a law enforcement 
     agency of a governmental entity, the provisions of chapter 
     119 shall apply in addition to the provisions of this 
     section; and
       ``(B) with respect to an interception by an element of the 
     intelligence community, the element of the intelligence 
     community may only conduct the surveillance using the cell-
     site simulator in accordance with an order authorizing the 
     use issued in accordance with title I of the Foreign 
     Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (50 U.S.C. 1801 et 
     seq.), in addition to complying with the provisions of this 
     section.
       ``(3) Compliance with tracking device requirements.--
       ``(A) In general.--If a cell-site simulator is to be used 
     by a law enforcement agency of a governmental entity to 
     locate or track the movement of a person or object, the 
     provisions of section 3117 and rule 41 of the Federal Rules 
     of Criminal Procedure shall apply in addition to the 
     provisions of this section.
       ``(B) Court.--For purposes of applying section 3117 and 
     rule 41 of the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure to the use 
     of a cell-site simulator, a court may authorize such use 
     within the jurisdiction of the court, and outside that 
     jurisdiction if--
       ``(i) the use commences within that jurisdiction; or
       ``(ii) at the time the application is presented to the 
     court, the governmental entity certifies that it has probable 
     cause to believe that the target is physically located within 
     that jurisdiction.
       ``(i) Civil Action.--Any person subject to an unlawful 
     operation of a cell-site simulator may bring a civil action 
     for appropriate relief (including declaratory and injunctive 
     relief, actual damages, statutory damages of not more than 
     $500 for each violation, and attorney fees) against the 
     person, including a governmental entity, that conducted that 
     unlawful operation before a court of competent jurisdiction.
       ``(j) Administrative Discipline.--If a court or appropriate 
     department or agency determines that the United States or any 
     of its departments or agencies has violated any provision of 
     this section, and the court or appropriate department or 
     agency finds that the circumstances surrounding the violation 
     raise serious questions about whether or not an officer or 
     employee of the United States acted willfully or 
     intentionally with respect to the violation, the department 
     or agency shall, upon receipt of a true and correct copy of 
     the decision and findings of the court or appropriate 
     department or agency promptly initiate a proceeding to 
     determine whether disciplinary action against the officer or 
     employee is warranted. If the head of the department or 
     agency involved determines that disciplinary action is not 
     warranted, he or she shall notify the Inspector General with 
     jurisdiction over the department or agency concerned and 
     shall provide the Inspector General with the reasons for such 
     determination.
       ``(k) Definitions.--As used in this section--
       ``(1) the terms defined in section 2711 have, respectively, 
     the definitions given such terms in that section;
       ``(2) the term `advanced communications services' has the 
     meaning given that term in section 3 of the Communications 
     Act of 1934 (47 U.S.C. 153);
       ``(3) the term `cell-site simulator' means any device that 
     functions as or simulates a base station for commercial 
     mobile services

[[Page S1119]]

     or private mobile services in order to identify, locate, or 
     intercept transmissions from cellular devices for purposes 
     other than providing ordinary commercial mobile services or 
     private mobile services;
       ``(4) the term `commercial mobile radio service' has the 
     meaning given that term in section 20.3 of title 47, Code of 
     Federal Regulations, or any successor thereto;
       ``(5) the term `contraband interdiction system' means any 
     device that functions as or simulates a base station for 
     commercial mobile services or private mobile services for 
     purposes of identifying, locating, or intercepting 
     transmissions from contraband cellular devices in 
     correctional facilities;
       ``(6) the term `derived' means, with respect to information 
     or evidence, that the government would not have originally 
     possessed the information or evidence but for the use of a 
     cell-site simulator, and regardless of any claim that the 
     information or evidence is attenuated from the surveillance 
     would inevitably have been discovered, or was subsequently 
     reobtained through other means;
       ``(7) the term `electronic communication' has the meaning 
     given that term in section 2510;
       ``(8) the term `electronic device' has the meaning given 
     the term `computer' in section 1030(e);
       ``(9) the term `emergency call' has the meaning given that 
     term in section 6001 of the Middle Class Tax Relief and Job 
     Creation Act of 2012 (47 U.S.C. 1401);
       ``(10) the term `intelligence community' has the meaning 
     given that term in section 3 of the National Security Act of 
     1947 (50 U.S.C. 3003);
       ``(11) the term `mitigation' means the deletion of all 
     information collected about a person who is not the subject 
     of the warrant or investigation;
       ``(12) the term `private mobile service' has the meaning 
     given that term in section 332 of the Communications Act of 
     1934 (47 U.S.C. 332);
       ``(13) the term `telecommunications relay service' has the 
     meaning given that term in section 225 of the Communications 
     Act of 1934 (47 U.S.C. 225); and
       ``(14) the term `United States person' has the meaning 
     given that term in section 101 of the Foreign Intelligence 
     Surveillance Act of 1978 (50 U.S.C. 1801).''.
       (b) Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 
     Requirements.--The Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 
     1978 (50 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.) is amended--
       (1) in section 101 (50 U.S.C. 1801), by adding at the end 
     the following:
       ``(q) `Cell-site simulator' has the meaning given that term 
     in section 3119 of title 18, United States Code.'';
       (2) in section 102(a) (50 U.S.C. 1802(a)), by adding at the 
     end the following:
       ``(5) The Government may only use a cell-site simulator 
     pursuant to the authority under clause (i) or (ii) of 
     paragraph (1)(A) without obtaining an order under this title 
     authorizing such use if the Government has implemented 
     measures that are reasonably likely to limit the collection 
     activities to--
       ``(A) means of communications used exclusively between or 
     among foreign powers, as defined in paragraph (1), (2), or 
     (3) of section 101(a); or
       ``(B) property or premises under the open and exclusive 
     control of a foreign power, as defined in paragraph (1), (2), 
     or (3) of section 101(a).'';
       (3) in section 105 (50 U.S.C. 1805), by adding at the end 
     the following:
       ``(k)(1) A judge having jurisdiction under section 103 may 
     issue an order under this section that authorizes the use of 
     a cell-site simulator only if the applicant--
       ``(A) demonstrates that other investigative procedures, 
     including electronic location tracking methods that solely 
     collect records of the investigative target--
       ``(i) have been tried and have failed; or
       ``(ii) reasonably appear to be--
       ``(I) unlikely to succeed if tried; or
       ``(II) too dangerous;
       ``(B) specifies the likely area of effect of the cell-site 
     simulator to be used and the time that the cell-site 
     simulator will be in operation;
       ``(C) certifies that the requested area of effect and time 
     of operation are the narrowest reasonably possible to obtain 
     the necessary information; and
       ``(D) demonstrates that the requested use of a cell-site 
     simulator would be in compliance with applicable provisions 
     of the Communications Act of 1934 (47 U.S.C. 151 et seq.) and 
     the rules of the Federal Communications Commission.
       ``(2) In any application for an order under this section 
     authorizing the use of a cell-site simulator, the applicant 
     shall include the following:
       ``(A) A disclosure of any potential disruption of the 
     ability of the subject of the surveillance or bystanders to 
     use commercial mobile radio services or private mobile 
     services, including using advanced communications services, 
     to make or receive, as applicable--
       ``(i) emergency calls (including 9-1-1 calls);
       ``(ii) calls to the universal telephone number within the 
     United States for the purpose of the national suicide 
     prevention and mental health crisis hotline system under 
     designated under paragraph (4) of section 251(e) of the 
     Communications Act of 1934 (47 U.S.C. 251(e));
       ``(iii) calls to the nationwide toll-free number for the 
     poison control centers established under section 1271 of the 
     Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 300d-71);
       ``(iv) calls using telecommunications relay services; or
       ``(v) any other communications or transmissions.
       ``(B) A certification that the specific model of the cell-
     site simulator to be used has been inspected by a third party 
     that is an accredited testing laboratory recognized by the 
     Federal Communications Commission to verify the accuracy of 
     the disclosure under subparagraph (A).
       ``(C) A disclosure of the methods and precautions that will 
     be used to minimize disruption, including--
       ``(i) any limit on the length of time the cell-site 
     simulator can be in continuous operation; and
       ``(ii) any user-defined limit on the transmission range of 
     the cell-site simulator.
       ``(D) A disclosure as to whether the cell-site simulator 
     will primarily be used at a gathering where constitutionally 
     protected activity, including speech, will occur.
       ``(3) In considering an application for an order under this 
     section that authorizes the use of a cell-site simulator, the 
     court shall--
       ``(A) weigh the need of the Government to obtain the 
     information sought against the likelihood and impact of any 
     potential negative side effects disclosed by the Government 
     under paragraph (2); and
       ``(B) not grant a request for an order that would put 
     public safety at risk or unreasonably inconvenience the 
     community.''; and
       (4) in section 704(c)(1) (50 U.S.C. 1881c(c)(1))--
       (A) in subparagraph (C), by striking ``and'' at the end;
       (B) in subparagraph (D), by striking the period at the end 
     and inserting ``; and''; and
       (C) by adding at the end the following:
       ``(E) if the applicant is seeking to use a cell-site 
     simulator (as defined in section 101), the requirements that 
     would apply for the use of a cell-site simulator in the 
     United States under section 105(k) have been satisfied.''.
       (c) Conforming Amendment.--Section 3127 of title 18, United 
     States Code, is amended--
       (1) in paragraph (3) by striking ``but such term does not 
     include any'' and inserting ``except such term does not 
     include any cell-site simulator, as that term is defined in 
     section 3119, or''; and
       (2) in paragraph (4) by striking ``of any communication'' 
     and inserting ``of any communication, except such term does 
     not include any cell-site simulator, as that term is defined 
     in section 3119''.
       (d) Inspector General Reports.--
       (1) Definition.--In this subsection, the term ``covered 
     Federal entity'' means--
       (A) a law enforcement agency of a department or agency of 
     the Federal Government; and
       (B) an element of the intelligence community (as defined in 
     section 3 of the National Security Act of 1947 (50 U.S.C. 
     3003)).
       (2) Reports.--The Inspector General of the Department of 
     Justice, the Inspector General of the Department of Homeland 
     Security, the Inspector General of the Department of Defense, 
     and the Inspector General of the Intelligence Community shall 
     annually submit to Congress a joint report, and publish an 
     unclassified version of the report on the website of each 
     such inspector general, on--
       (A) the overall compliance of covered Federal entities with 
     this Act and the amendments made by this Act;
       (B) the number of applications by covered Federal entities 
     for use of a cell-site simulator that were applied for and 
     the number that were granted;
       (C) the number of emergency uses of a cell-site simulator 
     under section 3119(d)(1)(B) of title 18, United States Code, 
     as added by this Act;
       (D) the number of such emergency uses for which a court 
     subsequently issued a warrant authorizing the use and the 
     number of such emergency uses in which an application for a 
     warrant was denied;
       (E) the number of devices that were targeted with a cell-
     site simulator, which shall be provided separately for 
     targeting conducted pursuant to a warrant or court order and 
     targeting conducted pursuant to an authority to use a cell-
     site simulator without a warrant or order;
       (F) the number of devices that were not the target of the 
     use of a cell-site simulator about which information was 
     obtained with the cell-site simulator, which shall--
       (i) be provided separately for use conducted pursuant to a 
     warrant or court order and use conducted pursuant to an 
     authority to use a cell-site simulator without a warrant or 
     order; and
       (ii) include the number of such devices about which the 
     information was not destroyed as a result of the minimization 
     requirements under section 3119(f) of title 18, United States 
     Code, as added by this section, which shall be provided 
     separately for use conducted pursuant to a warrant or court 
     order and use conducted pursuant to an authority to use a 
     cell-site simulator without a warrant or order;
       (G) which components of a law enforcement agency of a 
     department or agency of the Federal Government are using 
     cell-site simulators and how many are available to that 
     component; and
       (H) instances in which a law enforcement agency of a 
     department or agency of the Federal Government made cell-site 
     simulators available to a State or unit of local government.

[[Page S1120]]

       (3) Form of reports.--Each report submitted under paragraph 
     (2) shall be submitted in unclassified form, but may include 
     a classified annex.
       (e) FCC Regulations.--
       (1) In general.--Not later than 180 days after the date of 
     enactment of this Act, the Federal Communications Commission 
     shall initiate any proceeding that may be necessary to 
     promulgate or modify regulations promulgated by the Federal 
     Communications Commission to implement this Act and the 
     amendments made by this Act.
       (2) Construction.--Nothing in this Act or an amendment made 
     by this Act shall be construed to expand or contract the 
     authority of the Federal Communications Commission.
       (f) Effective Date.--
       (1) In general.--Except as provided in paragraph (2), 
     subsections (a), (b), (c), and (d) of this section, and the 
     amendments made by such subsections, shall apply on and after 
     the date that is 2 years after the date of enactment of this 
     Act.
       (2) Exceptions.--
       (A) Definition.--In this paragraph, the term ``cell-site 
     simulator'' has the meaning given that term in section 3119 
     of title 18, United States Code, as added by subsection (a).
       (B) Extension for existing cell-site simulators.--For any 
     model of a cell-site simulator in use before the date of 
     enactment of this Act, including such use in a contraband 
     interdiction system at a correctional facility, if the 
     Attorney General certifies that additional time is necessary 
     to obtain independent tests of the model of cell-site 
     simulator, subsections (a), (b), (c), and (d) of this 
     section, and the amendments made by such subsections, shall 
     apply to the use of the model of cell-site simulator on and 
     after the date that is 3 years after the date of enactment of 
     this Act.
                                 ______