[Congressional Record Volume 171, Number 167 (Thursday, October 9, 2025)]
[Senate]
[Pages S7052-S7061]
From the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]




  PROVIDING FOR CONGRESSIONAL DISAPPROVAL UNDER CHAPTER 8 OF TITLE 5, 
    UNITED STATES CODE, OF THE RULE SUBMITTED BY THE BUREAU OF LAND 
MANAGEMENT RELATING TO ``CENTRAL YUKON RECORD OF DECISION AND APPROVED 
                       RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PLAN''

  The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. Moreno).
  The clerk will report the resolution by title.
  The senior assistant legislative clerk read as follows:

       A joint resolution (H.J. Res. 106) providing for 
     congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United 
     States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bureau of Land 
     Management relating to ``Central Yukon Record of Decision and 
     Approved Resource Management Plan''.

  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from Kansas.


                           Government Funding

  Mr. MORAN. Mr. President, we are now 9 days into the government 
shutdown, and the disruption of the shutdown is being felt by many 
Americans. Particularly, what I want to talk about is the many 
Americans who are traveling or working in the aviation industry.
  Government shutdowns are detrimental to some of our most basic 
functions of government, and our already-fragile air traffic control 
system is facing strain from this occurrence.
  We are reminded how fragile our air system is by the facts of what 
occurred on January 29, when a flight from Kansas to Washington, DC, 
did not land safely at Washington Reagan, and it claimed the lives of 
67 people.
  Over the time that I have been in Congress, we have had a number of 
shutdowns and, in many instances, even Kansans told me: Shut her down. 
It doesn't matter. It doesn't matter to me.
  I have never found the value in a government shutdown. That accident 
that I just mentioned forced Congress and our Nation to reckon with an 
issue that has plagued us for decades: Why have we not effectively 
modernized our airspace system?
  Since that crash, steps have been taken to train more controllers and 
enhance the aviation system, including a $12.5 billion investment in 
modernizing our airspace. But those efforts become much more difficult 
while Congress fails to keep the government operating and the shutdown 
is in place.
  The Wall Street Journal, just this week, aptly summed up the current 
crisis stating: We ``have a system under pressure that now just has 
another 100 pounds of weight on it.''
  The failure to pass a continuing resolution is slowly crushing our 
aviation system. Our system is too fragile and the stakes are too high 
for us to continue operating the national aviation system in the manner 
we are doing so. We will reach a breaking point, and this could result 
in the closing of our airspace or portions of it.

[[Page S7053]]

  The consequences of the shutdown on our aviation system aren't 
isolated to major cities and large airports as the viability of the Air 
Service Program is also now put at risk. This program incentivizes 
airlines to provide commercial flights to rural communities that 
normally wouldn't be able to attract business from major airlines on 
their own. In Kansas, there are five such airports that use this 
program to provide flights to their communities. These flights allow my 
constituents to fly to larger cities for business, to see the family, 
for doctors' appointments, and so many other things. Several of these 
airports have seen and continue to see record levels of passenger 
growth.
  All of these factors are chipping away at the sustainability and 
safety of our Nation's aviation system. In a previous Congress, I 
introduced the Aviation Funding Stability Act, which allows the FAA to 
draw from the Airport and Airway Trust Fund to make certain that 
critical operations continue when there is an appropriations lapse. In 
March of this year, I reintroduced this bill as we faced this threat of 
a shutdown. This legislation is still important, but the fact is that 
the only real solution here is to pass the continuing resolution.
  We set out earlier this year, in a bipartisan manner, to transform 
our aviation system to make it safer for everyone, but that work is now 
significantly hindered without having an open and functioning 
government. The Senate Appropriations subcommittee, of which I am a 
member--the Transportation, Housing and Urban Development 
Subcommittee--has done its job. I joined my colleagues in advancing the 
fiscal year 2026 funding bill for the Department of Transportation but 
including all the aviation matters at the FAA and otherwise. We did 
that in July.
  It included more than $22 billion for the FAA, the Federal Aviation 
Administration, with $5 billion for the FAA's facilities and equipment 
account--critical funding for modernizing outdated equipment in our 
national airspace. This legislation also included funding to hire 2,500 
air traffic controllers to close the gap in our workforce. For every 
day we remain in a shutdown, the air traffic controller shortage gets 
worse, and the strain on the aviation system intensifies. Our system 
has a breaking point, and I hope that this dysfunction that we are 
undergoing stops before we see dramatic and damaging consequences.
  My point is that the continuing resolution is standing in the way of 
the appropriations process. We have a majority leader who is willing to 
bring appropriations bills to the floor. They deserve the Senate's 
consideration of those appropriations bills. The challenge we face is 
getting them done by the end of the fiscal year; therefore, we have put 
in place a continuing resolution until a date in later November. This 
is a straightforward continuing resolution to give us the time to 
complete the appropriations process, including the money for the 
Transportation Department and the safety components that are included 
therein.
  My second point is that a continuing resolution is necessary to avoid 
a shutdown. That point is that the shutdown is damaging to us in many 
ways to our Nation. It is broadly damaging to us because it allows 
those who are critics and those who are adversaries to realize that we 
are not as capable of functioning as we should be so that even our 
allies wonder what is going on in the United States.
  The point I want to make is that there are consequences to the 
position we have allowed ourselves to get in, and it affects the safety 
of Americans every day. In having experienced the loss of life from the 
flight on January 29 from Wichita, KS, to Washington, DC, we should be 
doing everything we can to make certain that our air traffic system and 
the necessary components are in place to make sure that traveling 
American citizens and the citizens of the world who use our airline 
system have a safe and secure flight when they board a plane in the 
United States. The silliness of where we are today is impeding our 
ability to make that true.
  I don't know when a shutdown makes sense, but the consequences of 
this one, in lieu of a short-term, clean CR for a few more weeks to 
complete our appropriations work, is a shutdown that makes absolutely 
no sense or is of any benefit to America.
  I urge my Democratic colleagues to act now to pass this short-term 
continuing resolution so we can alleviate the pressures on our aviation 
system, return to doing our jobs in appropriating government funding, 
and provide much needed certainty and stability for our Nation.
  I yield the floor.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from Washington.
  Mrs. MURRAY. Mr. President, we are just over a week into Republicans' 
shutdown and just over 3 weeks from open enrollment, when massive 
premium hikes become a stone-cold reality for our families. Yet 
Republican leaders refuse to sit down and talk with us about addressing 
both of those challenges.
  President Trump and Russ Vought are just openly--gleefully--plotting 
how they can make this shutdown as painful as possible. House 
Republicans are not even here for the third week in a row, and Leader 
Thune has refused to do anything other than vote on the same, failed, 
partisan CR over and over and over. The clock is ticking. Republicans 
would rather sit on their hands than sit down at the table.
  When we ask to talk about healthcare, the only word that the 
Republican leader seems to know is ``later.'' Excuse me. But why 
couldn't we have addressed this challenge any earlier? The Republican 
leader bent over backward to shovel new tax cuts at billionaires 
earlier this year. He did not tell CEOs to wait when it came to 
Republican tax breaks that expire at the end of this year. Why is he 
telling families now to wait when rates are being set now? when price 
announcements will be in the mail any day now? and when open enrollment 
is right around the corner? Why do Republicans want to wait until 
higher rates are locked in and families are priced out of healthcare? 
We have to tackle this before those rates are locked.
  I have been warning for months about what this will mean for 
Washington State and for our country. Maybe the Republican leader needs 
to hear about what this means for his constituents.
  In South Dakota, there are 50,000 people who rely on the healthcare 
tax credits to get their health coverage. On average, those South 
Dakota families will see their premiums more than triple if Republicans 
refuse to save the tax credits. These are hard-working families, 
including many farmers. And it is not just a challenge in South Dakota. 
Over a quarter of farmers in our country are covered through those 
exchanges. Do any of my colleagues think we should do nothing while 
farmers lose their healthcare? Do any of my colleagues want to stand by 
while families across the country see their premiums double?
  You know, we have common ground here, but that doesn't do any good 
when Republicans refuse--outright refuse--to come to the table and 
negotiate. It doesn't do a lot of good when House Republicans are out 
on vacation for the third week in a row. You know, this clock has been 
ticking all year long, and the time to avoid those massive premiums is 
just about up. There is no waiting. There is no later. You can either 
start talking with us now to reopen the government and act to stop 
premium hikes before the open enrollment or you can talk to your 
constituents about why you decided to sit on your hands and do diddly-
squat as their premiums went through the roof. The choice is yours.
  The Democrats are here. We are still at the table. We have always 
been here. We have never left. We are ready today--today--to work out a 
serious deal to address the healthcare crisis and reopen the 
government.
  I yield the floor.
  I suggest the absence of a quorum.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The clerk will call the roll.
  The senior assistant legislative clerk proceeded to call the roll.
  Ms. HIRONO. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that the order for 
the quorum call be rescinded.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without objection, it is so ordered.
  Ms. HIRONO. Mr. President, right now, Republicans control the White 
House, the House, and the Senate. In other words, Republicans control 
the

[[Page S7054]]

Federal Government. Since day one of the Trump regime, they have used 
that control to sow chaos and attack programs and services that the 
American people rely upon. Here are but two examples:
  Earlier this year, Trump tried to shut down Social Security offices 
across the country, making it much harder for recipients of Social 
Security benefits to call Social Security, find out the information 
they needed, and to access their benefits. So Social Security reversed 
course on this I call it lamebrain idea to close some of the offices 
when they responded to the huge hue and cry from people who said that 
was not something that should be happening to Social Security 
recipients.
  Another example: This regime slashed the Department of Education, 
firing more than half of the Education Department's staff, as part of 
an all-out assault on the Federal support for public education in our 
country. If President Trump had his way, he would just get rid of the 
Federal Department of Education altogether, but since only Congress can 
do that, they did things like firing half of the staff.
  Now they are coming after programs millions of Americans rely on for 
their healthcare. Republicans created this healthcare crisis when they 
passed their ``Big Ugly Bill,'' which guts Medicare, Medicaid, and 
SNAP, among other programs.
  At the same time, Donald Trump zeroed out funding for research on 
diseases such as cancer. And when we are talking about research on 
children's cancer, to cut off funding for that kind of research is more 
than mean. They also cut out funding for research on diabetes, 
Alzheimer's, halting studies that could unlock major breakthroughs and 
literally save lives.
  Unsurprisingly, the majority of Americans oppose what this regime is 
doing regarding healthcare. Republicans know their position is 
indefensible, which is why they are resorting to lies and excuses--lies 
that get more desperate by the day. They are lying because they don't 
want the American people to know the truth.
  What is that truth? The truth is that Republicans are happy to make 
permanent massive tax cuts for billionaires in their ``Big Ugly Bill'' 
but refused--refused--to make permanent tax credits hard-working 
families rely on to get their healthcare.
  Misplaced priorities are nothing new for Republicans. I was in the 
House when we passed the Affordable Care Act--the ACA--which expanded 
healthcare to more than 20 million Americans who up to that point did 
not even have healthcare. I was here in the Senate as Republicans tried 
over and over again to repeal the ACA and kick those millions of 
Americans off their healthcare.
  It is rich that these same Republicans who crusaded for years to get 
rid of the ACA now stand before the American people talking about how 
much they care about their healthcare. Why should the American people 
believe these lies as they are, even as we speak, getting notices of 
huge increases in their healthcare costs? The American people don't 
believe the Republican lies. They see right through them.
  Meanwhile, Republicans, unwilling to do what the American people 
want, now claim that, well, extending these credits isn't urgent, so we 
can do this a few months from now. We don't have to do it now. There is 
no sense of urgency.
  Another lie.
  Time is of the essence. Open enrollment under the ACA starts in just 
a few weeks, and because of Republicans' refusal to act--I repeat--
people across the country are getting notices saying: Here is what your 
ACA premiums are going to cost you.
  The figures are astounding. Without an extension of these credits, 
average out-of-pocket premium costs for a family of four in Hawaii are 
expected to increase from $10,000 to more than $16,000 a year--an 
increase of more than $6,000, or $500 a month.
  Maybe in Trump's world, $500 isn't much, but to everybody else, that 
is a lot. Billionaires may not care that millions of people in our 
country are getting these notices about their increase in healthcare, 
but the rest of us do. For so many families, these huge increases could 
well break the bank.
  Let's face it--this is not a red State or blue State issue. Hard-
working Americans in every State across the country rely on the ACA for 
healthcare coverage, and they are all about to see their costs 
skyrocket.
  In Speaker Johnson's home State of Louisiana, where nearly 300,000 
people--his constituents--get their healthcare through the ACA, a 
family of four in Louisiana can expect to see their premiums increase 
by more than $9,000 a year.
  In South Dakota, Senate Leader Thune's home State, out-of-pocket 
costs for a family of four will increase by more than $13,000 a year. 
Think about that. Without action, Leader Thune's constituents will be 
paying $13,000 more than last year for the very same coverage and the 
same benefits.
  Nationwide, it is estimated that healthcare premiums will more than 
double for hard-working families. Make no mistake, plenty of families 
won't be able to afford these significant hikes and will be forced to 
go without healthcare--all because Republicans refuse to act.
  Working families are awakening to this healthcare crisis because--and 
I repeat--they are getting their increase notices even as we speak. And 
they know who is responsible. It is the Republicans, with their ``Big 
Ugly Bill.''
  Trump returned to office promising to lower costs on day one--yet 
another lie. It is not happening. More than 250 days later, Americans 
are facing the fallout from this regime's reckless economic policies, 
including the disastrous tariffs that are decimating small businesses.
  So instead of actually doing anything to lower costs for our hard-
working families, the Republicans have shut down the government because 
they really don't care that families have to pay so much more for 
healthcare. Many of them--millions of them--are going to drop 
healthcare because they will not be able to afford these increases.
  Under the Trump regime, Americans are poorer because costs are not 
going down, and they are about to get sicker when they no longer can 
afford the healthcare that was provided through the ACA tax credits.
  Democrats, on the other hand, know that the health and welfare and 
well-being of the American people are worth fighting for and that 
keeping the government running shouldn't come at the cost of Americans' 
healthcare.
  We talk about what I would call a completely stupid choice--not even 
a choice. We should keep the government running, but if the Republicans 
are so intent on giving permanent tax breaks to the billionaires, they 
should give permanent tax credits to the millions of Americans who need 
and deserve this healthcare.
  Frankly, Republicans can end the government shutdown today if they 
agree to restore healthcare to the American people. Until then, 
Democrats are going to keep fighting to protect Americans' healthcare, 
reopen the government, and hold this regime accountable for the harm 
they are inflicting on this country every single day.
  I yield the floor.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. Budd). The Senator from Illinois.


                          Trump Administration

  Ms. DUCKWORTH. Mr. President, one of the proudest moments of my life 
was the first time I ever laced up my boots, put on my uniform, and 
raised my right hand to swear my oath to the Constitution as a member 
of the Illinois Army National Guard, and I cherished every day that I 
got to wake up and call myself a soldier.
  And it is because I love our military so deeply that I refuse to let 
a five-time, draft-dodging coward abuse it for his own personal gain. 
At Quantico last week, Trump told our top military leaders that he 
wants American servicemembers to ``train'' against the same citizens 
they swear an oath to protect.
  Last month, he essentially declared war on Chicago, one of the 
largest cities in the country that he leads, with a meme from a Vietnam 
war movie about the loss of all humanity when military action is 
unchecked by ethics or the laws of war. And this week, he made good on 
his threats, forcing hundreds of National Guardsmen into our city, 
against the will of the people of Illinois or its legally elected 
representatives.
  For months, Trump has fabricated claims of chaos and crime on 
American streets to justify false claims that

[[Page S7055]]

there is a need to deploy troops into our cities against local 
officials' wishes--first to L.A., then DC. And he isn't stopping there. 
He is also attempting to deploy troops to Portland, though a Federal 
judge he appointed blocked his efforts there twice because, in his own 
hand-picked appointee's words, Trump's claims about why they are needed 
were ``untethered to facts.'' Another way to put that is that he is 
lying.
  In the last few weeks in Chicago, we have seen Trump's agents detain 
innocent Americans, deny citizens their right to legal representation, 
point weapons at civilians, zip-tie children, arrest elected officials, 
ransack apartment buildings, injure journalists, and shoot a priest in 
the head with pepper balls for the so-called crime of peacefully 
praying for nonviolence. They have even shot two people, leaving one--a 
father of two young children--dead, making dubious and unsubstantiated 
claims in their attempt to justify their use of lethal force.
  It is obvious what Trump is doing. He is targeting and punishing the 
cities who dare to push back against his abuse of power. And while he 
is currently targeting blue cities with his lies, if these deployments 
are not stopped, there will be nothing to stop him--or any future 
President--from doing this to anyone, anywhere, for any made-up reason 
that is also untethered to reality.
  So let's be clear. Ordering our troops to intimidate Americans in 
their own communities doesn't make our Nation safer. Policing Americans 
in their own communities is not the National Guard's job. They can't 
make arrests, and they are not adequately trained to carry out police 
duties in urban environments.
  These deployments are yet another Trump move straight out of the 
Authoritarian 101 textbook. They further jeopardize civil rights while 
distracting our troops from executing their core mission of keeping 
Americans safe from the real adversaries who wish us harm.
  We know that Trump's actions are not about law and order--because if 
he cared about law and order, he wouldn't gleefully refuse to 
coordinate with State and local officials. He wouldn't have literally 
defunded our police by freezing and slashing Federal dollars that help 
hire, train, and equip law enforcement. He wouldn't be diverting 
Federal resources and agents away from operations that investigate drug 
cartels and drug traffickers, from missions that identify and disrupt 
foreign terrorist plots, and from actions that protect our families 
from cyber attacks to do it. But he is.
  And instead of supporting and expanding proven violent crime 
prevention strategies, he is wasting millions of taxpayer dollars to 
terrorize law-abiding citizens who are exercising their First Amendment 
rights.
  Trump is taking our troops away from their missions just to do his 
personal bidding, forcing them to confront peacefully protesting 
Americans, instead of using their time to train to protect our Nation 
in case of future conflicts with America's adversaries around the 
world.
  Our troops didn't sign up for this. They signed up to defend 
Americans' rights to free speech, not to intimidate Americans from 
exercising that right. Our troops are willing to die to defend this 
country, not to defend one man's ego.
  Los Angeles did not ask for this; Washington, DC, did not ask for 
this; Portland did not ask for this; Chicago did not ask for this; our 
servicemembers did not ask for this.
  I am relieved to announce that just moments ago I secured a Senate 
hearing in the coming weeks with witnesses from the Trump 
administration where I will ask tough questions and demand answers on 
these unjustifiable actions because I refuse to stay silent as our 
military and our servicemembers' sacrifices are disrespected and abused 
by a man who was never brave enough to serve himself.
  I cannot let him keep giving our troops the middle finger while 
eroding the hard-won trust and confidence they have earned from the 
American public over generations of military service. These days, I may 
no longer be wearing my Army uniform, but it still hangs proudly in my 
Senate office. And now, I spend a lot of my time seated on the Senate 
floor rather than beneath my Black Hawk's main rotors, but my core 
mission is still the same as when I was in the National Guard: to keep 
America as strong and as safe as she should be.
  If only Donald Trump cared about doing the same.
  I yield the floor and recognize my colleague, the senior Senator from 
the great State of Illinois.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Democratic whip.
  Mr. DURBIN. Mr. President, I want to thank my colleague from Illinois 
Senator Duckworth for inviting me to join her on the floor to discuss 
what is happening in our State.
  Before I do, I want to make sure it is well known for those who 
follow this debate to explain how she became my Senate colleague.
  There was a day some 20 years ago when I was given two tickets to the 
Presidential State of the Union Address, and my staff had asked me if 
there was any particular guest I would like to invite. I said: No, why 
don't you call out to Walter Reed military hospital and see if there is 
an Illinois veteran who can come and join us. They told me, shortly 
after that, that they had found someone who was coming.
  I didn't know that person. Her name was Tammy Duckworth. She was in 
full dress uniform when she came into my office, merely a few weeks 
since her helicopter had been shot down over in Iraq, and she had gone 
through some terrible surgeries and was recovering. But she came into 
my office with a large smile on her face and her husband Brian pushing 
her wheelchair.
  That was how we met. She was my guest at the State of the Union 
Address.
  We became friends. I became an ombudsman for Walter Reed. She had 
soldiers calling me from all over the United States asking for help. I 
didn't regret it one bit. I was honored to do it.
  So I worked up the courage to ask her if she would consider running 
for Congress, and she said to me: I would have to talk it over with 
Brian.
  I thought, I have got a live one here. She sounds like she is 
interested, which she was.
  Her first try for office was not successful for Congress, but she 
later became head of the Veterans' Administration for the State of 
Illinois and then ran successfully to serve with me as a Member of the 
House. When there was a vacancy available for the U.S. Senate seat, I 
not only encouraged her but endorsed her and did everything I could to 
help. I am honored to have her as my colleague.
  She is an extraordinary person, has more bravery than any 10 people I 
know, and she has shown her devotion for this country by serving in the 
Guard for over 20 years--23 years?--23 years in the Guard.
  So when it comes to issues involving the Guard, there is no better 
expert that has ever served in the U.S. Senate. Illinois is lucky; 
America is lucky to have Tammy Duckworth, and I am lucky to be able to 
join her today.
  We are proud of our heritage in the State of Illinois. We call it the 
``Land of Lincoln,'' and I recall an incident that is worth repeating.
  In 1858, Abraham Lincoln gave a speech in Edwardsville, IL. That is 
downstate near St. Louis. In this speech, he asked:

       What constitutes the bulwark of our liberty and 
     independence?

  Lincoln emphasized that it was not America's army or the power of our 
weapons. The founder of the Republican Party Abraham Lincoln said:

       [It is] the preservation of the spirit which prizes liberty 
     as the heritage of all men, in all lands, everywhere.

  This is what is responsible for the maintenance of our freedoms. How 
the Republican Party has changed from those early days.
  Yesterday, President Trump deployed 500 National Guard troops to our 
State of Illinois. The President ignored the pleas from elected 
officials across Illinois that these deployments were unnecessary and 
unwanted and a dangerous escalation of a situation the President 
himself has created.
  Leaders of the chamber of commerce and businesses in our State held a 
press conference and begged the President: Don't send in the troops. 
You are sitting here peddling a message which is not true. It is not 
unsafe in Illinois. People there are proud to be part of that State. We 
know we are not perfect. Like every other place, we can be

[[Page S7056]]

better and safer. But the use of Guard troops from Illinois or even 
from Texas is totally unnecessary and creates unwanted pressure.
  That message was clear from the business leaders in my State, but 
President Donald Trump didn't care what they had to say. He wanted to 
deploy our Nation's military to Illinois to spread fear and sow chaos. 
And in both those efforts, sad to say, he succeeded.
  The President has no legal basis for deploying Federal troops to 
Illinois against the wishes of the Illinois Governor. There is no 
rebellion or insurrection happening in our State. Americans have the 
right, under the First Amendment, to protest this administration's 
cruel and misguided immigration policy. There is no room for violence 
whatsoever in this exchange of information and points of view, but it 
is part of our constitutional guarantee.
  There is no argument, as some of my colleagues claimed during our 
Judiciary Committee markup meeting this morning, that this is anything 
like the civil rights-era abuses of the National Guard by multiple 
Presidents to enforce desegregation laws when segregationist Governors 
in the South were defying Federal law and court orders.
  President Dwight David Eisenhower, a general himself, federalized the 
Arkansas National Guard after the Governor outright refused to comply 
with the law and was preventing the Little Rock Nine from entering the 
previously all-White Central High School, following the Supreme Court's 
ruling in Brown v. Board of Education.
  There is no argument and no evidence whatsoever that the Governor of 
Illinois is disobeying any Federal law or court order. There is no 
historical analogy between the situation in the 1960s and the situation 
in Illinois today.
  In fact, the current administration has sued Illinois to attempt to 
commandeer State law and force Illinois to implement this 
administration's immigration policies. Courts have repeatedly found 
that Illinois does not have a responsibility to implement Federal 
immigration laws.

  There is no statute or provision in the Constitution that allows the 
President to use the National Guard as props in his political theater 
or to suppress constitutionally protected dissent against his inhumane 
immigration crackdown.
  In addition, the Trump administration has recklessly surged hundreds 
of Federal law enforcement officers who are employing increasingly 
aggressive tactics against immigrants and their families and those 
suspected of being immigrants. They have said quite boldly: We are 
looking for people who look like this, subject to jurisdiction.
  They have pulled FBI, DEA, and ATF agents from their assignments to 
carry out the President's immigration agenda, taking them away from the 
mission to combat crimes like terrorism, gun violence, human 
trafficking, and drug smuggling.
  How does this make America safer?
  We all know the litany that Donald Trump has repeated over and over 
again at political rallies and meetings since he was reelected as 
President. He is trying to stop murderers, rapists, terrorists, 
criminally insane people, and sexual predators from coming into this 
country.
  Look what is happening with this mass deportation effort that he has 
authored. Over 70 percent of those who have been detained by ICE so 
far--over 70 percent--have no criminal record whatsoever, none 
whosoever.
  This is not about stopping crime. This is about going after 
immigrants. If the Trump administration truly wanted to help my city of 
Chicago and our State of Illinois, it wouldn't defy Illinois-elected 
leaders; it would work with us. It would restore the millions of 
dollars that it suspended in crime prevention and public safety grants.
  How can this President say with a straight face that he wants to 
reduce crime in our State and cut back the very programs law 
enforcement counts on to train and be prepared and effective in the 
field when reducing crime? He has chosen to put boots and guns on the 
street and call in the military from Texas.
  At the end of the day, these deployments are about President Trump 
and Stephen Miller's personal agenda to send troops primarily into blue 
cities and to deport immigrants without any criminal history at the 
expense of national security and public safety.
  Nearly a quarter of all FBI agents--a quarter of them, one out of 
four--are now focused on immigration. How can this possibly make 
America safer? The tactics that are being used by ICE and others in 
support of the President's mission are outrageous.
  On Tuesday, September 30, there was a raid in the middle of the night 
on an apartment house in South Shore in the city of Chicago. Three 
hundred ICE agents flew in Black Hawk helicopters and rappelled down to 
the roof of an apartment building. It was a scene made for the movies. 
That is exactly what it was.
  They ransacked apartments that people were living in, crashed down 
their doors and pulled them out of bed and lined them up on the street. 
They bound the children with ties--plastic ties or handcuffs--and they 
decided to make it all a movie production for television and video.
  It was supposedly to stop drug activities by gangs. No evidence 
whatsoever has been produced of that. It was a horrible scene. I am 
sure these children will never forget as long as they live being pulled 
out of bed in the middle of the night and watching their parents being 
interrogated, arrested, and detained.
  That is the idea of this administration in enforcing the law. It just 
goes too far. Steve Miller, the President's domestic adviser, is the 
architect of this travesty. For any of you who may not think these 
deployments may not affect you, it is just Illinois' problem, you are 
wrong.
  The very act undermines our Constitution and belief in liberty above 
all. As President Lincoln warned us in that same speech, ``Destroy this 
spirit [of liberty] and you have planted the seeds of despotism at your 
own doors.''
  While the Guard is in Illinois now, it could be in your State next; 
it could be your family taken from their homes and their beds in the 
middle of the night in an indiscriminate raid.
  Does it sound preposterous? The 2,200 South Shore apartment building 
people can tell you it is not preposterous. It is actually what 
happened--have tear gas and guns pointed at you for speaking out.
  Congress must act and speak out against this increasingly 
authoritarian administration. We are a coequal branch of government, 
and it is time we act like one. I implore my Republican colleagues--and 
I know they are loyal to President Trump--I implore them to join 
Senator Duckworth and me and describe these deployments for what they 
are; they are an illegal, immoral power grab by a President determined 
to consolidate his power and stifle any dissents.
  If we here in this Senate Chamber, fortunate enough to represent the 
people in this country, will not stand up, then who will?
  Once again, I want to thank my colleague Senator Duckworth for 
calling us down to the Senate floor to raise this issue. She and I are 
hoping, if the Senate schedule allows, we will be able to get back to 
Illinois this weekend and then have an opportunity to learn even more 
about this grave situation.
  In the meantime, I ask people involved to show courage, to understand 
that the odds are against them, and the people who are trying to harass 
them are well-armed and can be very serious with what they do. But 
America's values will prevail over this President and this situation, 
and my State of Illinois will return to a situation where it is not 
being invaded by the Guard of other States.
  Incidentally, I will close by saying this: I have no animus against 
members of the Guard, either in Illinois or in Texas. They are good men 
and women who put their hands in the air and swore an oath to our 
Constitution to serve our country. They are in a situation where they 
are being used, unfortunately, for a bad situation with this President, 
but we need them, and I continue to look forward to working with them 
in the future.
  I yield the floor.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from Connecticut.


                          Trump Administration

  Mr. BLUMENTHAL. Mr. President, last year, I was privileged to lead a 
bipartisan delegation of 20 of our colleagues to Normandy, celebrating 
the

[[Page S7057]]

80th anniversary of the historic landing there, where American boys--
and they were boys, 17 and 18 years old--stormed the beaches of France 
to liberate Europe. It was one of the most moving experiences of my 
lifetime.
  I believe the Presiding Officer was there. We were part of a 
bipartisan group, evenly divided--10 Republicans and 10 Democrats. What 
we heard and saw I think will stay with us for a lifetime, particularly 
from the veterans who remembered that day. They are in their hundred-
year-old ages of their lives.
  After speaking to them, we heard speeches from the President of the 
United States, of France, and leaders of Europe. But what stuck with me 
was what I heard from the veterans.
  One of them said to me, ``This was our moment.''
  ``This was our moment.''
  We walked through the American cemetery, those silent rows of white 
grave markers, down to the beach, Omaha Beach, where I thought of those 
18- and 20-year-old boys jumping out of landing craft with 80 pounds on 
their backs, into 8 feet of water, under a hail of machine gun bullets 
and mortar fire, onto a beach three football fields long--three 
football fields long--without any cover. There were no trees, there 
were no dunes, and the hail of gunfire and mortars kept coming.
  I think 90 percent died in the first wave, maybe 80 percent in the 
second. They kept going--a third and a fourth wave, storming the 
cliffs, taking back Europe, and saving democracy.
  I kept thinking, as I walked on that bleak beach, windswept, waves 
crashing, ``That was our moment.'' I kept thinking about the veteran 
who said that to me. It was an American moment, and our reason for 
going to Normandy was to honor those young men who saved democracy.
  This is our moment. This is our moment to save democracy. I know it 
sounds like an exaggeration to say that our democracy is now under 
attack, but it is from adversaries and enemies abroad--China, Russia, 
Iran, North Korea. But we also have to make sure that we safeguard our 
liberties at home against attack and efforts to undermine them, even if 
some may feel they are well-meaning.
  One of them and only one of them is the illegal and unconstitutional 
use of our military and the deployment of National Guard into American 
cities to do what local law enforcement--our police and others, State 
and local law enforcement--are supposed to do under our scheme of 
government, where our military protects us from adversaries abroad, and 
the FBI, the DEA, and our State and local police make sure we are safe 
at home.
  For 250 years, the military has defended our great Republic without 
fail. It is the bulwark of freedom for this Nation. It is the hope for 
millions and millions around the world who yearn for freedom. It is 
nonpolitical. It remains one of the few institutions the American 
people still revere. Americans have faith in the military because it is 
nonpolitical.
  So what the President is risking by using our military, whether it is 
the National Guard or Active-Duty marines or another branch of service, 
is not only a threat to the individual liberties of people in those 
cities but also the credibility and reverence that the American people 
have for this venerable institution that has protected us from 
aggression and threats abroad.
  By pursuing political goals with our young men and women in uniform, 
he risks recruitment for the military; he risks the respect that our 
constituents have that enables us to work for full funding and support 
for our military, embodied by the National Defense Authorization Act 
that we will consider hopefully just within a few hours.
  When the Armed Services Committee considers the National Defense 
Authorization Act, the votes at the end are almost always near 
unanimous. In fact, in my 15 years on that committee, they have been 
nearly unanimous every year. And we vote on it in a timely way to make 
sure that we show support for this necessary institution.
  The risk to our military as well as to our individual rights and 
liberties is what prompted me to introduce the Insurrection Act of 
2024.
  We all know that the Insurrection Act has a long history. It was 
written over 200 years ago, in the aftermath of the Whiskey Rebellion 
and the Battle of Wabash--in those instances, probably not at the tip 
of the tongue of most of us.
  The forces of law enforcement were limited and poorly equipped. They 
were barely existent. Local police. Virtually no State had its own 
police. So there was a need for potential use of the military in those 
instances. But even then, use of military was limited under the 
original Insurrection Act because Americans feared a permanent standing 
police doing local law enforcement.
  I drafted this legislation in an effort to amend that outdated law, 
which gives the President enormous, unchecked powers to deploy the 
military to quell domestic rebellion.
  Now, the lack of defining terms, the absence of real accountability, 
and the vagueness of that statute are the reasons we now need reform.
  Limits were imposed, but the limits are filled with loopholes, 
practical gaps that fail to check the President's power. The problems 
the act was designed to address are no longer commensurate with the 
dangers it is now creating.
  I reintroduced this legislation for this Congress, and I thank my 
colleagues for supporting this effort.
  The President's actions over the last 8 months demonstrate the need 
for this urgent reform and increased congressional oversight.
  Earlier this week, the President suggested that he would invoke the 
Insurrection Act to deploy more guardsmen in major cities if the courts 
or Governors delayed deployment. So I stand here with my colleagues 
from Oregon, Illinois, and California, whose constituents are living 
through this threat. It is now a reality as much as a threat.
  I warned this body 2 years ago of this reality--unchecked power 
deployed unconsciously.
  I should say that this kind of use of the military poses a tremendous 
threat to all of our civil liberties even if we are not from California 
or Oregon or Illinois. It could happen in Connecticut. And the lack of 
a factual basis for it is well documented in the district court 
decision issued by a Federal judge days ago citing the absence of any 
real need on the ground in real time, with evidence before her court--
statements from ICE officers that there was no need.
  Her findings, which are airtight and persuasive, are the reason why I 
am here to say the National Guard should not be deployed there. 
Reliance should be placed on local and State police. There should be 
challenges to any deployment in Illinois or California to test whether 
it is actually needed to preserve order.
  The National Guard has always been a symbol of hope for communities. 
We have seen it in Connecticut when disaster struck. When there are 
weather catastrophes, the National Guard is in our neighborhoods to 
help remove downed trees or provide access to homes and to preserve 
order when local police can't do it. But now, they are being used to 
turn the military into the President's personal army.
  The Founders warned of threats to liberty that a standing army would 
create. It was one of their biggest fears because they had lived 
through a time when the British had a standing army in their 
neighborhoods--in fact, went into their homes and, without permission, 
used their homes and shelters and food.
  Through the years, through great force of effort at times, the 
military has remained politically independent. It is under the 
Commander in Chief, but it is nonpolitical. My bill would protect not 
only American citizens from Executive overreach but also the military 
from becoming pawns in any kind of political game.
  This legislation would create checks and balances, limit the scope of 
these deployments, authorize extensions via joint resolution, and 
create a judicial review process. These commonsense solutions would 
amend an outdated law that no longer fully serves the interests of this 
Nation.
  For the sake of our military and the constituents we represent, I 
hope my colleagues will support this effort because this use of the 
military is part of a larger effort to shift the focus of our national 
defense to policing the homeland rather than protecting us from threats 
abroad.
  We need to provide strong, vibrant, vigorous law enforcement and 
support

[[Page S7058]]

local and State or Federal policing funds, and that is why I have been 
so upset and angry that this administration has cut funding--hundreds 
of millions of dollars that aid and train local police, that increase 
their numbers and provide aid for victims. The programs have been 
decimated in the Departments of Justice and Homeland Security.
  We need to put our money where our mouth is. This administration 
needs to support our State and local police not just in rhetoric but in 
reality. The reality is that there must be reform in the Insurrection 
Act, not just to protect our citizens and our liberties at this 
moment--this is our moment--but also the well-being and strength of the 
American military.
  I yield the floor.
  I suggest the absence of a quorum.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. Husted). The clerk will call the roll.
  The bill clerk proceeded to call the roll.
  Mr. WYDEN. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that the order for 
the quorum call be rescinded.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without objection, it is so ordered.
  Mr. WYDEN. Mr. President, I join my colleagues, today, in standing up 
for Americans' basic constitutional rights.
  Donald Trump has again deployed agents and troops to my hometown of 
Portland, OR, and to other American cities. He announced this 
authoritarian occupation with orders for Federal agents to use ``full 
force.''
  Since then, he has deployed Federal law enforcement from the 
Department of Homeland Security, and he has activated 200 Oregon 
National Guard members, over the objection of the Governor of Oregon, 
local leaders in Portland, and local law enforcement. He has tried to 
deploy an additional 300 troops from California--from the National 
Guard there--and 400 troops from the Texas National Guard, all to my 
hometown.
  Colleagues, during this government shutdown, our Guard members will 
not even be paid for this unnecessary, unwanted deployment. Activating 
the Oregon National Guard alone is going to cost $10 million and will 
pull Guard members away from much more important work.
  If Donald Trump truly wanted to help Oregon or Illinois or 
California, the money would be better spent cracking down on fentanyl 
traffickers, ending his tariffs that are gutting small businesses, and 
holding down health costs.
  Instead, Donald Trump says U.S. cities like Portland ought to be used 
as ``training grounds'' for the military.
  I would say to the Senate: Let that one sink in. The President of the 
United States thinks it is acceptable to use American cities as 
training grounds for the military. In my view, that is unconscionable.
  My hometown is a vibrant and peaceful city. It doesn't require any 
deployment of Federal troops or additional Federal agents to keep our 
community safe. In fact, the Federal judge, who was appointed by Donald 
Trump himself, has ruled repeatedly against a troop deployment. She 
said there was ``no showing that military help is necessary to protect 
law enforcement or the one federal building for ICE.''
  Portland's police department has said there is no need for Federal 
agents in our city, as well, and that the administration's deployment 
of ICE agents is making it actually harder for them to do their jobs 
and keep our cities safe.
  The notion that my hometown is somehow a war zone in need of saving 
is a fantasy made up by Donald Trump and far-right trolls.
  Oregonians have taken to social media to show that my community is 
really peaceful. You see it in our gardens, in our vegetable stands. 
You see it in musicians playing on the sidewalks.
  My constituents have long engaged in peaceful First Amendment 
activity. The Governor and mayor of Portland have the appropriate 
resources to maintain peace and order in our communities.
  My view is this Trump unilateral action is an abuse of Executive 
authority. He is clearly hoping that he can incite violence and 
undermine the constitutional balance of power between the Federal 
Government and our States.
  In addition to the judicial ruling in Oregon last month, a Federal 
judge in California ruled that the Trump administration actually 
violated black letter law through the deployment of troops to Los 
Angeles. His Los Angeles deployment violated the Posse Comitatus Act, 
which explicitly limits the power of the Federal Government to use the 
military for domestic purposes.
  Unfortunately, none of this is new to my hometown. Five years ago, 
Portland experienced the consequences of an unnecessary and outrageous 
Federal deployment under Donald Trump's first Presidency.
  In the summer of 2020, the White House unleashed Federal agents on 
Portland. It was like an occupying army, complete with military-grade 
equipment and violent tactics that were totally unacceptable on 
American soil. Federal agents shot at Portland residents, tear-gassed 
families, drove in unmarked vehicles, and grabbed people off the street 
without an explanation.
  Federal agents didn't identify themselves. They didn't wear uniforms. 
They beat up on those who asked them basic questions about their 
actions.
  There is no question in my mind that another deployment by this 
administration is going to result in similar abuses, similar violations 
of Americans' constitutional rights. Inciting violence is clearly 
Donald Trump's intent.
  And I want to make it clear: As Oregon's senior Senator, I am going 
to continue doing everything to work with my colleagues to fight back 
against Trump's Federal occupation and show America, from coast to 
coast, the beauty and the strength of my hometown.
  I yield the floor, and I note my partner in the Oregon congressional 
delegation. He and I have teamed up every step of the way and will 
continue to do so.
  I yield the floor.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from Oregon.
  Mr. MERKLEY. Mr. President, my colleague from Oregon has laid out the 
situation very well. An authoritarian President emboldened by a 
rubberstamp Congress, emboldened by a deferential Supreme Court, is 
sending military troops against American citizens who are peacefully 
protesting in city after city.
  This is un-American. It is a fundamental violation of the purpose of 
our military, which is to defend us from foreign powers, not to be a 
tool in a President's hand to attack people who disagree with his point 
of view. That happens in countries that don't have a President but have 
a King--that have a dictator. That is not our tradition here. Our whole 
entire Constitution is about government by and for the people, not by 
and for a man at the top of the executive branch, using the military 
against his own citizens.

  By law, federalizing the National Guard is quite limited. It can only 
be done, unless it is done in partnership with a Governor, if there is 
an invasion or if there is a rebellion. At the time these laws were 
written, it was well-understood exactly what those are--an invasion, 
just what you picture: a military force on our border about to cross 
that border and attack the United States of America, or they have 
already crossed the border. That is an invasion. Or a rebellion--a 
rebellion: a large group, well organized, well weaponized, that is 
trying to overturn the Government of the United States of America.
  At the very start of our Republic, there was a rebellion called the 
Shays' Rebellion. A whole group in the northeastern part of our country 
were very upset about the challenges they were facing as farmers. They 
got organized. They had weapons, and they were shutting down the courts 
that were doing foreclosures on their farms. And they were seeking 
access to a Federal armory.
  Shays' Rebellion--a large group, well organized, weaponized, trying 
to overturn the government.
  The last time we saw a rebellion in the United States of America was 
when President Trump, in his first term, organized a mob to attack this 
Capitol to prevent the votes from being counted in the electoral 
college. That would meet the test of a rebellion.
  But peaceful protesters holding signs of concern about the policies 
of this President or the actions of one of his

[[Page S7059]]

Agencies--that is freedom of speech; that is freedom of assembly. That 
goes to the core of who we are as Americans.
  Obviously, there is nothing approaching an invasion or a rebellion in 
the city of Portland. Senator Wyden and I were outside of ICE a couple 
weekends ago. I saw three women in a group holding a couple of signs. 
Right now there is a group called Paws for Peace. They are getting 
together with puppy dogs and dogs. And the ``paws'' is P-A-W-S. 
Creative, Portland-style protesting to say they are not happy with the 
administration.
  I don't think a bunch of folks holding their puppy dogs constitute a 
well-organized, well-armed group trying to overthrow the government.
  Then there is another group that is called Pastry and Pajamas, and 
they are out there in the morning handing out pastries to people. They 
are in their pajamas, encouraging peaceful protesting. They may 
disagree with the administration, but what they are exercising is as 
American as an apple pie or an apple pie pastry--making their voice 
known.
  But Trump decided he wanted to create a riot in Portland. Why does he 
want to create a riot in Portland? Because he wants a violent encounter 
in order to justify putting the military in our cities--in other words, 
put the military into the cities to create a riot, then use that as a 
justification for the military being in the cities.
  That is an extraordinary risk to our Republic. That is an 
extraordinary risk to people--a government of, by, and for the people--
and not just in Portland but in L.A., in DC, in Chicago.
  What the instructions appear to be to his Federal agents is to 
provoke violence by attacking peaceful protesters. The Oregonian, a 
major newspaper in our State, did a report in which they said their 
staff witnessed the Federal agents attacking peaceful protesters. I 
thought that was a very unusual article. It wasn't the newspaper 
reporters saying people present at the protest alleged that the Federal 
agents attacked peaceful protesters. No, it said: Our staff witnessed 
this.
  Then there is Oregon Public Broadcasting. Oregon Public Broadcasting 
was down there with videographers. What they witnessed was this: The 
Federal agents asked the protesters to move back several blocks, and 
they did. And there was no conflict between the protesters and the 
Federal agents. Behind this line of Federal agents were videographers.
  Why were the videographers right behind the line of Federal agents? 
Well, a very interesting thing happened. After the protesters moved 
back--not just one block or two blocks but three blocks--and the 
Federal agents have a line across the street with the videographers 
right behind them. Upon command, the Federal agents threw down tear 
gas. They threw down these bang-snap devices that sound like gunfire 
going off--flash-bangs, they are called; it sounds like gunfire--and 
pepper balls. And, of course, you suddenly have a cloud of smoke. You 
are hearing what sounds like gunfire, and people are retreating from 
the tear gas. And they were taking videos of that, trying to say they 
were disrupting a riot; they were dispelling a riot.
  This is like ``Wag the Dog,'' where a totally artificial war is 
reported, only in that case, it happened overseas. This is the first 
time I know of in American history that a President has staged a fake 
riot to try to convince the courts or one of his news stations that 
serve him so well that something is there that isn't there; that a riot 
is there when it is not there.
  Any true-blooded patriot of the United States of America should be 
terrified that we have a government faking a riot to try to be able to 
justify sending troops into our cities. That is what we face right now.
  This picture to my right was witnessed by the news media. They put 
this up. You have a woman who is talking to two officers. She had not 
disobeyed any command they had given her. There was no physical 
confrontation.
  A third agent walks up holding pepper spray in his hand and, after a 
few seconds, fully unleashes it straight into her face and to the man 
standing next to her.
  That is the type of assault from these Federal agents occurring on 
peaceful protesters, recorded by the news media and reported. This is 
not something from some bystander who happened to put the scene up on 
TikTok, who didn't witness the entire thing or understand what was 
happening, but from the major news media.

  Here is a case in Chicago. A pastor in the traditional motion of 
praying and blessing is standing outside the building, by himself--no 
obvious resistance to any kind of command--and he is shot in the head 
from agents on top of the building. He reports that he was hit twice in 
the head and, I think, five times on the body.
  Wow.
  These folks are unleashing rapid-fire attacks, apparently with pepper 
balls or, as he described it, some kind of ammo that releases some kind 
of chemical taking him right down to the street by this attack, for 
praying--an attack by Federal agents on a pastor praying in front of a 
building.
  This is an extraordinarily dangerous moment in which an authoritarian 
President is proceeding to attack due process, to attack freedom of 
speech, to attack freedom of the press, to weaponize the Department of 
Justice, using it against those who disagree with him, and then seeking 
to get the court's permission to send the military in the streets to 
attack people who are peacefully protesting who disagree with him.
  We are at the moment right now where we are awaiting a decision from 
a panel of three judges in the Ninth Circuit. The district judge who 
adjudicated the effort by Trump to federalize the Oregon National Guard 
said: There is nothing close to rebellion. There is nothing close to an 
invasion. So the standard is not met.
  Then President Trump said: I am going to send the federalized force 
from California and Texas to Oregon.
  In fact, 100 agents arrived from California. The same judge said: The 
same standard applies.
  Regardless of what happened that federalized those folks in 
California or Texas, the question is: Is there a rebellion or invasion 
in Oregon?
  And there is not. So she put a temporary stay on it.
  The Ninth Circuit said: We are going to take a look at this. So we 
are going to freeze things in place.
  Those Oregon National Guards and those 100 from California are going 
to stay at a training ground until they make their ruling. Their 
ruling--they held a hearing today--may be tomorrow. It may be days from 
now. We don't know.
  Of course, that will be appealed to the Supreme Court.
  There are legal scholars who are saying: Here is the challenge. 
Although there is an objective standard in the law, we have a Supreme 
Court that has already invented things that are not in the 
Constitution, interpreted things in a way that was totally different 
from the way they were considered at the time the law was written.
  So the Supreme Court may say--in spite of the fact that there is an 
objective standard for federalizing the National Guard, the Supreme 
Court may say we are simply deferring to the President.
  Are you kidding me?
  This is a fundamental issue in the United States of America, that the 
military might be used against American citizens. There is a standard 
in the law.
  Supreme Court, wake up. Do your job in the framework of the 
Constitution and in the framework of the laws that were passed. Quit 
inventing things to create an authoritarian state.
  Why am I so worried that our Supreme Court has gone so far off track? 
Because, last year, they found invisible ink in the Constitution.
  They had a case, Trump v. the United States of America. In that case, 
the question was: Is the President above the law? Is the President 
immune from any potential criminal prosecution for acts that he deems 
acts of the government?
  I thought, well, absolutely not, of course. Our Founders were 
terrified that a President would become a King. If they wanted the 
President immune from prosecution, they could have put that in the 
Constitution.
  Can you find that in the Constitution? Can any of my colleagues on 
the left side of the aisle or the right side of the aisle show me that 
in the Constitution? It is not there because our

[[Page S7060]]

Founders were that worried about the President becoming a King. So they 
did not give the President immunity from prosecution.
  But the Supreme Court did because they thought that is too big a 
burden for the President to bear. They thought: In our judgment, we 
think it is a good idea to give the President protection, so he doesn't 
have to stay up late at night worrying whether he is creating a crime 
or not.
  Well, let me tell you, the Constitution says policy is written here--
written here in the U.S. Senate and in the House of Representatives 
down the hall. That becomes policy when the President signs it. Policy 
is not the purview of the Supreme Court of the United States. They are 
supposed to be defending the Constitution.

  The pastor said:

       It was clear to me that the officers were aiming for my 
     head.

  He was shot seven times with pepper balls in the face and arms and 
torso without warning, a Presbyterian pastor.
  That is what our country is coming to--an assault on anyone who 
stands up and exercises freedom--freedom--to share their opinion.
  Aren't there 100 Senators here who stand for freedom? Why is there 
not one Senator across the aisle standing for freedom here on the floor 
of the Senate today, not one? Why? Why is there not one Senator 
standing up and saying that there is no clause in the Constitution that 
makes the President a King--immune from prosecution for crimes 
committed under their law? Why is there not one Senator across the 
aisle saying that we will not stand for the attack on due process? the 
attack on free speech?
  I assure you, if there were a President saying to FOX News that ``you 
have to take a program off the air'' that the President doesn't like, 
every Senator across the aisle would be standing up and saying that 
that is a breach of free speech. I would be standing up and saying the 
same thing, just as I am now, because it shouldn't matter whether it is 
a right-leaning or a left-leaning network. They should be able to put 
on air what they want. That is what freedom of the press is.
  So we have seen 9 months of this President making this country sicker 
and poorer; 9 months of personal corruption, selling access to himself 
through his crypto enterprises; 9 months of covering up the Epstein 
files that he doesn't want released because his name is in them; 9 
months of slashing healthcare for families to fund tax breaks for 
billionaires; 9 months of cutting nutrition for children to fund tax 
breaks for billionaires. A bill passed this body that runs up $30 
trillion in additional debt, over 30 years, to fund tax breaks for the 
richest Americans.
  It is a families lose, billionaires win vision, and it is the wrong 
vision here in a Republic where we celebrate government by and for the 
people. A Republic that is exercising appropriately would be families 
thrive and the affluent and the powerful pay their fair share. That is 
the vision that all of us should be pursuing.
  The fact that this horrific bill came out and passed--the ``Big Ugly 
Betrayal of Americans Act''--that slashed healthcare in order to fund 
more riches for the richest among us shows you it is not working right.
  What is really not working right is that the President of the United 
States is deploying military forces, hoping to establish that it is OK 
to do so; that it is OK for them to accept orders to go out and attack 
our cities, to attack peaceful protesters; that he will get a court 
decision that gives him this power.
  Colleagues, let's be 100 strong behind the vision of freedom, the 
vision of rights for Americans and say: Hell no.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from California.
  Mr. SCHIFF. Mr. President, I want to take a look at the last 9 months 
in this country, at the first 9 months of this administration, and see 
just how far we have traveled down the road toward dictatorship in 9 
months. So let me see if in less than 9 minutes I can summarize 9 
months.
  First, let's look at the President's early attacks on our 
universities and the President withholding Federal funding from 
universities that are using a curriculum he doesn't like or employing 
professors he doesn't want or that are unwilling to make changes that 
sacrifice their academic freedom and that suit the ideological 
predilections of the administration. An attack on our institutions of 
higher learning is unprecedented in our history. Some of the first 
attacks on the freedom of the American people were attacks on our 
universities.
  They were, in quick succession, followed by attacks on law firms; 
that is, the President of the United States telling law firms that you 
must not represent these unpopular clients--unpopular to the 
President--because they took action against the President or they spoke 
out against the President or they belonged to the Justice Department 
when the Justice Department was investigating the President's 
corruption. So the President has tried to dictate to the legal 
community who it can defend and who it cannot.
  In our country, our Founders underscored the importance of the right 
of representation, of the right to a jury trial, of the right even for 
unpopular causes to have representation. Indeed, John Adams took on one 
of the most unpopular cases of his time and represented those clients 
because he wanted to establish the principle in American jurisprudence 
that everyone is entitled to counsel, but under this administration, 
that is not true.
  This administration has attacked law firms and said: You shall not 
represent these clients, and if you do, we will cut off your access to 
courthouses or we will cut off your access to Federal contracts or 
security clearances that you would need to represent your clients.
  Sadly, as in the case of universities, many law firms have crumbled. 
Having given years of lip service--decades of lip service--to the idea 
that everyone is entitled to vigorous representation, they have 
crumbled.
  But the administration wasn't content to try to silence universities 
or professors or to silence law firms. The censorship and the 
intimidation campaign continued in the President using the power of the 
regulatory body of the Federal Communications Commission to try to 
silence late-night comedians because they told jokes about the 
President. Effectively, with Paramount, which wanted to merge with 
Skydance, it was made abundantly clear that that merger--that 
multimillion-dollar merger--wouldn't go forward unless you paid off the 
President in his litigation against CBS. Unless you paid the President 
millions of dollars, personally, that merger was not going to go 
through. And what is more, that pesky, late-night comedian Stephen 
Colbert needs to go. So Stephen Colbert gets his show canceled. Jimmy 
Kimmel gets his show canceled. His show was, thankfully, brought back, 
but the administration is using regulatory power to censor late-night 
comedians.
  He is going after the press, the freedom of the press, telling the 
AP: If you don't use my Gulf of America lexicon instead of the Gulf of 
Mexico, you are not going to be able to cover certain things at the 
White House. You are not going to be able to accompany the President on 
certain trips.
  He is suing the Wall Street Journal because they are reporting about 
his contacts with Jeffrey Epstein.
  He is trying to silence the media, intimidate the media, chill the 
media, and it is working. You see the Washington Post change their 
editorial policy. You see the LA Times withhold its editorial of the 
Presidential election. The censorship is working.

  But it is not just the press. It is not just late-night comedy. It is 
not just universities. It is not just law firms. The President is 
telling corporate America: You can't hire this person. Microsoft, you 
can't hire this person.
  The threat is, if they do, they won't get government contracts.
  The President is saying to other companies: You want to export your 
product? You have got to give the U.S. Government a share. You have got 
to make the U.S. Government an equity partner in your company.
  And if under Bill Clinton the era of Big Government was over, the era 
of Big Government is back with Donald Trump--a Big Government that can 
make decisions about whom corporations can do business with and where 
and what they can export and whom they can hire.
  But it doesn't stop there, of course, because now the President is 
using the

[[Page S7061]]

Justice Department to go after his political enemies. This week, it is 
James Comey. Next week, it will be someone else, and the week after 
that, who knows? It is a long and growing list of enemies with the 
President tweeting out whom he wants prosecuted, whom he wants 
investigated--commanding, dictating vindictive prosecutions almost 
every day--abusing the Department that I once served in for almost 6 
years in a way we have never seen before in this country. He is 
threatening to take people's liberty away from them if they stand up to 
the President.
  Now we have this--what brings us to the floor tonight--and that is 
the unprecedented use of the military, the U.S. military, and our Guard 
against our own people.
  You have the President telling a roomful of generals and admirals 
that there is an enemy within, and that enemy is the American people or 
at least those American people who didn't vote for him. They are the 
enemy within, and he is going to go after them. He wants the military 
to use those American cities that didn't vote for him as their training 
grounds. No sooner is it said than we see helicopters over the skies in 
Chicago, and we see military troops rappelling from Black Hawks. We see 
the military being used against their own citizens. We see children 
shackled, crying for their parents in the middle of the night. We see 
signs of horror and chaos.
  We see a President so determined to use the military against our own 
people that, when a Governor says: No, you cannot use our National 
Guard in this lawless way, he commandeers the military anyway. 
California was the test case. We were the first. Los Angeles was the 
first. Over the objections of the mayor of Los Angeles and the 
objections of the Governor of California, the President of the United 
States commandeered California's National Guard to be used against our 
own people to increase the risk of violence and disorder so that the 
President might have a pretext to order in more military troops.
  Now, in California, like in most States, we revere our National Guard 
for what they do for us during good times and hard times; how they 
protect us from fire and flood. So to abuse the Guard in that way, to 
try to breach the trust the Guard has with our own citizens, is a 
calamity. It is gravely damaging the morale of the troops in the Guard 
even as it is damaging the trust of the people of the State in their 
Guard.
  Now we see this replicated in Portland--this militarization, this 
attack on American cities. We see this in court in Portland, wherein 
the judge, in hearing the government's case for the use and misuse of 
this military force, says that its presentation is untethered to fact--
untethered to fact; that there is no lawful basis, no factual basis, to 
use the military in this way.
  Now they are doing the same in Chicago, and they are threatening San 
Francisco. And if they can't get a State's own National Guard to be 
used against its own citizens, they are now inviting the Guard from 
other States, like Texas, to leave their State, with a willing 
Governor, to send them to another State.
  I was grateful to hear the Republican Governor of Oklahoma speak out 
against this terrible abuse of the National Guard, which not only 
undermines the military readiness of our forces to be abused in this 
way but is so deliberately divisive that we would have one State now 
turn against another State; that we would have Texas against Illinois 
and deploy Texas's military in that way--its Guard in that way--was 
previously unthinkable. It should be unthinkable today.
  Today, it is California. Today, it is Illinois. Today, it is Oregon. 
Where will it be tomorrow? Where does this end? I will tell you where 
it ends. It ends in more civil strife. It ends in more morale problems 
in the military. It ends in a lesser democracy. If we are here in 9 
months, where will we be with 4 years of this? I will tell you this: We 
will not be a democracy. At the pace we are going, in 4 years, we will 
not be a democracy.
  But today, 9 months into this, it is not too late to put a stop to 
this. All that it would require is a handful of my colleagues on the 
other side of the aisle to say: Enough. Enough already. Enough of the 
attacks on our universities and our press. Enough of the attacks on our 
cities. Enough of the weaponization of our Department of Justice. 
Enough of the lawlessness. We are going to be Senators once again. We 
are going to assert the power of Congress once again to put an end, to 
put a stop to this lawlessness.
  That is all it would take, is a few people of conscience to stand up 
to this President and say: Enough.
  I yield the floor.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The majority leader.


                  Unanimous Consent Agreement--S. 2296

  Mr. THUNE. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that all en bloc 
amendments be considered to the Wicker-Reed substitute amendment No. 
3748.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without objection, it is so ordered.


                         Vote on H.J. Res. 106

  Mr. THUNE. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that all time be 
yielded back.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without objection, it is so ordered.
  The clerk will read the title of the joint resolution for the third 
time.
  The joint resolution was ordered to a third reading and was read the 
third time.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The joint resolution having been read the 
third time, the question is, Shall the joint resolution pass?
  Mr. THUNE. I ask for the yeas and nays.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there a sufficient second?
  There appears to be a sufficient second.
  The clerk will call the roll.
  The senior assistant legislative clerk called the roll.
  Mr. BARRASSO. The following Senators are necessarily absent: the 
Senator from Arkansas (Mr. Cotton), the Senator from Texas (Mr. Cruz), 
and the Senator from Kentucky (Mr. McConnell).
  Mr. DURBIN. I announce that the Senator from Nevada (Ms. Cortez 
Masto) is necessarily absent.
  The result was announced--yeas 50, nays 46, as follows:

                      [Rollcall Vote No. 560 Leg.]

                                YEAS--50

     Banks
     Barrasso
     Blackburn
     Boozman
     Britt
     Budd
     Capito
     Cassidy
     Collins
     Cornyn
     Cramer
     Crapo
     Curtis
     Daines
     Ernst
     Fischer
     Graham
     Grassley
     Hagerty
     Hawley
     Hoeven
     Husted
     Hyde-Smith
     Johnson
     Justice
     Kennedy
     Lankford
     Lee
     Lummis
     Marshall
     McCormick
     Moody
     Moran
     Moreno
     Mullin
     Murkowski
     Paul
     Ricketts
     Risch
     Rounds
     Schmitt
     Scott (FL)
     Scott (SC)
     Sheehy
     Sullivan
     Thune
     Tillis
     Tuberville
     Wicker
     Young

                                NAYS--46

     Alsobrooks
     Baldwin
     Bennet
     Blumenthal
     Blunt Rochester
     Booker
     Cantwell
     Coons
     Duckworth
     Durbin
     Fetterman
     Gallego
     Gillibrand
     Hassan
     Heinrich
     Hickenlooper
     Hirono
     Kaine
     Kelly
     Kim
     King
     Klobuchar
     Lujan
     Markey
     Merkley
     Murphy
     Murray
     Ossoff
     Padilla
     Peters
     Reed
     Rosen
     Sanders
     Schatz
     Schiff
     Schumer
     Shaheen
     Slotkin
     Smith
     Van Hollen
     Warner
     Warnock
     Warren
     Welch
     Whitehouse
     Wyden

                             NOT VOTING--4

     Cortez Masto
     Cotton
       
     Cruz
       
       McConnell
  The joint resoluton (H.J. Res. 106) passed.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. Moreno). The majority leader.
  Mr. THUNE. Mr. President, I ask that the Senate execute the order of 
October 8 in relation to the Mascott nomination. I ask unanimous 
consent that all subsequent votes be 10 minutes in duration, and I 
would advise our colleagues that we intend to enforce that.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without objection, it is so ordered.

                          ____________________