[Congressional Record Volume 171, Number 151 (Tuesday, September 16, 2025)]
[Senate]
[Pages S6631-S6635]
From the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]




  PROVIDING FOR CONGRESSIONAL DISAPPROVAL UNDER CHAPTER 8 OF TITLE 5, 
    UNITED STATES CODE, OF THE RULE SUBMITTED BY THE ENVIRONMENTAL 
    PROTECTION AGENCY RELATING TO ``EMISSIONS BUDGET AND ALLOWANCE 
  ALLOCATIONS FOR INDIANA UNDER THE REVISED CROSS-STATE AIR POLLUTION 
                    RULE UPDATE''--Motion to Proceed

  Mr. WHITEHOUSE. Madam President, I am here, I guess, to offer a 
eulogy for the supposed Republican principle that government should not 
be used to pick winners and losers. It turns out that principle is 
soluble in money.
  Months before the 2024 election, President Trump offered big oil and 
coal cronies a super deal: They give him $1 billion to take the White 
House, of which he got at least several hundred million, and he would 
pay them back bigly; he would use government to make them winners and 
clean energy losers. So he has bent over backwards to make Big Oil, big 
polluters happy.
  His efforts to prop up his coal industry donors have been 
particularly flagrant. Coal as an energy source is a dirty and dying 
industry. Coal is expensive to mine, coal-fired powerplants are 
expensive to operate, and coal-powered electricity is expensive to buy. 
So besides being toxic to mine and burn, coal is a bad financial play--
at least in the real, open market that Republicans claim to want to 
honor.
  So to pick his winners and punish his losers, Trump issued a series 
of Executive orders directing State and Federal actors to revive the 
zombie coal industry.
  At the beginning of this year, several Indiana utilities had 
announced plans to retire polluting coal plants and shift to cleaner 
energy sources. Following Trump's Executive orders and who knows what 
other private conversations, several of these utilities canceled plans 
to retire the polluting coal units.
  This is a pretty big deal well outside of Indiana because coal plants 
like these emit hundreds of thousands of tons of pollution each year, 
including the pollution which forms smog. Exposure to smog is serious. 
It causes lung disease, it causes cardiovascular problems, and it even 
causes reproductive issues. It has been documented to cause premature 
deaths. And it blows into other States. Prevailing winds take the 
pollution and blow it into other States. In fact, I have argued that 
there are smokestacks designed specifically to get the pollution out of 
the home State and land it on the downwind States, like Rhode Island.
  Under the cross-State air pollution rule, EPA sets emissions 
``budgets'' to protect people in the downwind States from dangerous, 
smog-forming pollution that comes out of another State and blows across 
the border from the upwind, coal-fired powerplants. Well, after these 
Indiana coal plants got their inducement to extend, EPA had to loosen 
its previously-set emissions budget for Indiana that protected the 
downwind States in order to allow more smog to spread, because that is 
what reopening these plants does--it allows more smog to spread.
  EPA promulgated this deregulatory rulemaking without a notice and 
comment process, giving no opportunity to anyone downwind--vulnerable 
to smog pollution from Indiana--to communicate into the EPA process 
their concerns.
  Well, back in 1996, Congress enacted the Congressional Review Act to 
give Congress the opportunity to vote on regulations like this. During 
the Biden administration, the Senate actually conducted 35 rollcall 
votes in relation to Republican-sponsored Congressional Review Act 
resolutions of disapproval.

[[Page S6632]]

  Now the Trump administration is engaged in an effort, at breakneck 
speed, to pick winners and punish losers, and if doing so requires them 
to tear down protections of Americans' health, of our safety, of the 
environment, that is all fine with them.
  Congressional Review Act resolutions like this one can help hold the 
administration to account. I strongly urge a vote upholding our 
response against this polluting regulation.
  I move to proceed to Calendar No. 142, S.J. Res. 60.
  Mr. YOUNG. Madam President--
  Mr. WHITEHOUSE. If the Senator wishes to speak, I am willing to 
withdraw my motion to proceed, which actually is not debatable and 
would cut him off. But I would like to know how much time the Senator 
would like, and then I would like unanimous consent that we then 
proceed to the conclusion of Calendar No. 142--and Senator Capito as 
well.
  Mr. YOUNG. I thank the good Senator.
  Madam President, I request 5 minutes to state my case.
  Mr. WHITEHOUSE. The distinguished chairman of Environment and Public 
Works would like some time as well?
  Mrs. CAPITO. Five minutes.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without objection, it is so ordered.
  Mr. YOUNG. Madam President, I would say that I love all of our 
States, and I am very proud that the State of Indiana plays such a 
critical role in ensuring economic resiliency and the manufacturing 
potential of this great Nation--something so important to all of our 
citizens irrespective of where you live.
  I represent the most manufacturing-intensive State in the country. 
Energy demand is up, manufacturers are invested in expanding, small 
businesses are plugging in, and our Nation's energy needs are rising. 
Indiana is foremost a manufacturing State. About 45 percent of our 
instate electricity generation comes from coal. That is the reality. 
That means dependable, around-the-clock capacity isn't optional; it is 
how the Hoosier economy runs.
  Yes, the expectation was that four Indiana coal-fired power units 
would be offline by 2024, but the facts on the ground have changed, and 
our responsibility here today is to keep power dependable and 
affordable with the megawatts we have--the megawatts we already have.
  So what the EPA is doing now is a commonsense correction. That is all 
we are talking about--updating Indiana's summer emissions limit to 
match the plants that are actually in operation while keeping the 
underlying clean air guardrails in place. Keep those in place. Plants 
still have to meet current environmental standards. They still have to 
run controls. No one is getting a free pass here. This is merely a 
housekeeping correction that lines up the State limit with active 
generation so unrealistic, retroactive costs aren't forced on 
powerplants and ultimately the ratepayer.
  This is common sense, pushing aside the bureaucracy and using the 
flexibility that we have in the law. It keeps the numbers honest, it 
keeps the planning stable for the hottest months of the year, and it 
avoids regulatory whiplash. Imagine if we are changing the rules 
nonstop in DC. It would create great uncertainty. So this accommodates 
the realities on the ground.
  If this fix were overturned, Indiana would revert to older limits 
designed for a fleet that no longer exists, so, in practice, that means 
less operating room during heat waves and higher costs right when our 
citizens need power the most--all of our citizens.
  Hoosiers are already feeling it. According to the U.S. Energy 
Information Administration, Indiana's average home electricity prices 
are up roughly 11.5 percent year over year, and the Trump 
administration aims to do something about it.
  Rather than working to keep generation steady and reliability 
predictable, my colleagues--at least some of them--on the other side of 
the aisle are advancing a repeal effort that would punish Indiana at 
the worst possible time.
  Hoosiers should not pay more because government insists on regulating 
yesterday's grid instead of today's realities. Instead, we should focus 
on adding new capacity--new capacity--before prematurely retiring 
existing assets and cut redtape so that generation, pipelines, and 
transmission get built faster. That is what we should do. Let's not 
write off active megawatts and then act surprised when bills rise and 
lights flicker.
  So if your priority is reliability and protecting American families 
from price spikes, the choice is clear: Keep what works today so we can 
build what we need for tomorrow.
  I urge my colleagues to vote no on this disapproval resolution.
  I yield the floor.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from West Virginia.
  Mrs. CAPITO. Madam President, I would like to thank the gentleman 
from Indiana for really framing the debate for his home State of 
Indiana.
  I rise today in opposition as well to S.J. Res. 60, a CRA that is 
introduced by my colleague from Rhode Island Senator Whitehouse to 
overturn this technical correction to the State of Indiana's emissions. 
The interim technical correction is necessary due to the Supreme 
Court's stay of the good neighbor rule.
  I urge my colleagues to vote no and return the Senate floor to our 
business of confirming President Trump's nominees in the face of 
historic obstruction.
  Allow me to explain just a little bit--and both of them have 
explained this. In 2021, the EPA issued a Federal implementation plan 
covering Indiana. In doing so, they relied on the announced retirement 
of four electric-generating units projected to happen in 2023. In 2022, 
those powerplants announced they would no longer close, which EPA 
counted for in their good neighbor rule, so the Supreme Court 
subsequently stayed that rule, meaning that Indiana was forced into 
their now-outdated 2021 emissions budget.
  The Trump administration's EPA finalized this interim rule that this 
CRA would repeal to adjust Indiana's emissions budget to reflect what 
it would have looked like in 2021 had those plants not announced 
retirement.
  I will say that every single day, every one of our offices is deluged 
with people coming in, saying: We need more power in this country. If 
we are going to win the race in AI, if we are going to win the next 
race in innovation, we have to have more power.
  So this is an example, I think, of the Trump EPA working to make 
changes that ensure legal durability and reflect practical energy and 
environmental needs for specific States that the Biden administration 
had neglected.
  It is surprising to me that anybody would want to spend time on this 
minor interim rule specific to one State that will not have a material 
impact on air quality or attainment of the 2008 ozone standard, which 
is the purpose of the rule. However, as we have seen time and time 
again, they are relentless in their efforts to weaponize our 
environmental statutes to shut down powerplants and manufacturing that 
provide good-paying jobs in States like Indiana and in the rest of the 
Rust Belt. This straightforward action only received five comments--
five. I have got them right here. Yes, a majority of the comments that 
the EPA received were in support of this rule, and the two others were 
anonymous comments.

  Where was the outrage against this rule and then when the EPA was 
accepting comments?
  Just to frame how many comments you got, when I did my Congressional 
Review Act of the Obama clean powerplant, I got 4.3 million comments; 
with the Biden clean powerplant 2.0, 1.3 million comments; with the 
Biden WOTUS rule, 115,000; with the California waiver, 53,000.
  This is all the people in this country who care about what we are 
doing right now. It is just attempting to waste floor time in the U.S. 
Senate, trying to reverse a technical correction in an underhanded 
effort to close powerplants that provide affordable electricity and 
jobs for American workers and help us progress in this race for 
superiority in the race to AI. We need more energy, not less; and the 
CRA is a deliberate attempt to shut down powerplants in Indiana that 
are not popular. They are coal-fired power plants--love it--when grid 
reliability experts are warning of a shortage of baseline power.
  I am fully against this CRA, and I hope that my colleagues will join 
me in that.

[[Page S6633]]

  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from Rhode Island.


                           Motion to Proceed

  Mr. WHITEHOUSE. Madam President, I move again to proceed to Calendar 
No. 142, S.J. Res. 60.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The clerk will report the joint resolution by 
title.
  The senior assistant executive clerk read as follows:

       Motion to proceed to Calendar No. 142, S.J. Res. 60, 
     providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of 
     title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the 
     Environmental Protection Agency relating to ``Emissions 
     Budget and Allowance Allocations for Indiana Under the 
     Revised Cross-State Air Pollution Rule Update''.


                       Vote on Motion to Proceed

  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The question occurs on agreeing to the motion 
to proceed.
  Mr. WHITEHOUSE. I ask for the yeas and nays.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there a sufficient second?
  There appears to be a sufficient second.
  The clerk will call the roll.
  The senior assistant executive clerk called the roll.
  Mr. BARRASSO. The following Senators are necessarily absent: the 
Senator from Louisiana (Mr. Cassidy) and the Senator from Utah (Mr. 
Lee).
  The result was announced--yeas 47, nays 51, as follows:

                      [Rollcall Vote No. 520 Leg.]

                                YEAS--47

     Alsobrooks
     Baldwin
     Bennet
     Blumenthal
     Blunt Rochester
     Booker
     Cantwell
     Coons
     Cortez Masto
     Duckworth
     Durbin
     Fetterman
     Gallego
     Gillibrand
     Hassan
     Heinrich
     Hickenlooper
     Hirono
     Kaine
     Kelly
     Kim
     King
     Klobuchar
     Lujan
     Markey
     Merkley
     Murphy
     Murray
     Ossoff
     Padilla
     Peters
     Reed
     Rosen
     Sanders
     Schatz
     Schiff
     Schumer
     Shaheen
     Slotkin
     Smith
     Van Hollen
     Warner
     Warnock
     Warren
     Welch
     Whitehouse
     Wyden

                                NAYS--51

     Banks
     Barrasso
     Blackburn
     Boozman
     Britt
     Budd
     Capito
     Collins
     Cornyn
     Cotton
     Cramer
     Crapo
     Cruz
     Curtis
     Daines
     Ernst
     Fischer
     Graham
     Grassley
     Hagerty
     Hawley
     Hoeven
     Husted
     Hyde-Smith
     Johnson
     Justice
     Kennedy
     Lankford
     Lummis
     Marshall
     McConnell
     McCormick
     Moody
     Moran
     Moreno
     Mullin
     Murkowski
     Paul
     Ricketts
     Risch
     Rounds
     Schmitt
     Scott (FL)
     Scott (SC)
     Sheehy
     Sullivan
     Thune
     Tillis
     Tuberville
     Wicker
     Young

                             NOT VOTING--2

     Cassidy
     Lee
       
  The motion was rejected.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. Banks). The Senator from Delaware.


                             Maiden Speech

  Ms. BLUNT ROCHESTER. Mr. President, as America confronts a period of 
darkness, still I rise, full of bright hope. Why bright hope? ``Bright 
Hope'' was the name of the church that my grandmother attended for 70 
years in Philadelphia. But, for me, it is more than just a name. It is 
a call to action. It is a feeling. It is what drove me to run for the 
U.S. Senate and what keeps me going in my darkest of times.
  So once again, I rise with bright hope and tremendous humility to 
deliver my maiden speech as Delaware's 58th U.S. Senator. My presence 
here would not have been possible without my God, my family, and the 
people of the great State of Delaware who have put their trust in me.
  The word ``trust'' is important here because this is not a time when 
Americans are eager to trust their elected officials. Partisan tensions 
are so high right now that we can barely talk to each other, let alone 
work together.
  So the question is this:

       Are we to be one people, bound together by common spirit, 
     sharing in a common endeavor? Or will we become a divided 
     nation?

  As much as I would like to take credit, those are not my words. They 
are the words of the late great Barbara Jordan, the Congresswoman from 
Texas, the conscience of her Congress, who, in the midst of our 
Nation's bicentennial in 1976, spoke about the ``collective spirit of 
our nation,'' about the deeply troubling reality that people did not 
trust their government. And she offered a path forward, saying:

       For all of its uncertainty, we cannot flee the future.
       We must address and master the future together. It can be 
     done if we restore the belief that we share a sense of 
     national community.

  We are now 50 years removed from the bicentennial, and our present is 
rhyming with our past--wars built on false pretense, painful economic 
downturns, incomplete recoveries that leave many behind, and Presidents 
who abuse their power. The problems persist.
  So how do we, before our tricentennial in 2076, build what Barbara 
Jordan called our common spirit? How do we restore the belief that a 
more perfect union is even possible? How do we rekindle bright hope for 
America? These are big questions, but they are not confined to the 
Halls of Congress. Go into any coffee shop, a sports game, or a family 
home, and Americans are saying the same thing and asking the same 
questions. I saw it firsthand in the grocery store about 10 years ago 
when a dad with three kids in front of me in line put back a bunch of 
grapes because they were too expensive. It shook me to the core.
  You see, the year before that, my husband Charles, the love of my 
life, played a game of basketball before his business meetings, 
ruptured his Achilles tendon, and blood clots went to his heart and 
lungs. At the age of 52, the love of my life died, and I was consumed 
with grief. But seeing that dad woke me up from my own pain. I would be 
OK.
  At that moment, I decided I had nothing to lose and everything to 
give. Having never run for anything in my life, I decided to run for 
Congress. I spread a huge piece of white paper on my living room wall, 
and I started to write. I asked: Why me? Why now? What for?
  And the answers appeared--three words that have driven me forward, 
three words that have given me bright hope: purpose, peace, and planet. 
It was clear that if we can help Americans live their purpose, provide 
peace, and protect our planet, I believe we will be able to rebuild the 
trust we have lost.
  It begins with purpose. I am a big believer that a good-paying job or 
starting a business can help us find purpose and that the dignity of 
work is essential to what it means to be an American.
  I have often said that if I had another middle name, it would be Lisa 
Blunt ``Jobs'' Rochester. For me, I got my first job at the age of 14, 
and I flipped burgers, worked retail. I was a CEO. I even served as 
Delaware's secretary of labor. As a matter of fact, in Delaware, a 
union leader said to me: You can't spell ``labor'' without ``L-B-R.''
  I know jobs. I love jobs. And I can tell you, we need a new and 
different approach to jobs in this country, especially as we look to 
the future of work in the age of artificial intelligence. With reports 
that AI is poised to push unemployment rates upwards of 20 percent in 
the next 5 years, we need big, bold solutions now.
  Fortunately for us, America has a track record of taking on historic 
challenges and transforming them into opportunities for success. When 
the Soviet Union started the space race in the 1950s, we pushed 
American innovation to new heights. The groundbreaking research from 
that era still impacts us today--GPS systems, weather satellites, the 
COVID-19 vaccine, even the internet.
  We need to harness the innovative spirit that landed us on the Moon 
and apply it to our economy. We must mobilize our Nation's leading 
labor experts, supply chain strategists, and economic innovators and 
pursue the future instead of waiting for it to come to us.
  From workforce development and apprenticeship opportunities to 
emerging technologies, our common goal must be for everyone to succeed 
and find purpose in a rapidly changing economy. Access to economic 
opportunity is a good start.
  But many families derive their sense of purpose from where they live, 
the communities they belong to, the place they call home.
  Growing up, my family lived with my grandparents--my mom's mom, my 
dad's mom. We lived in apartments. We lived in public housing for a 
short time. But I will never forget the exhilaration I felt on the day 
we moved into our own home, a place that was truly ours.

[[Page S6634]]

  But for millions of Americans, that feeling is out of reach. Instead, 
home ownership feels impossible. And the rent in America is too doggone 
high. Yet, for too long, the Federal Government has been missing in 
action. Our Nation's zoning frameworks date back to the 1920s--100 
years ago. Times have changed, and it is time we get back in the game.
  That is why, a week ago, I was proud to unveil my very first policy 
agenda as a Senator, ``The New Way Home''--a blueprint that will touch 
every corner of the housing crisis. Together, we can expand housing 
supply, build stronger communities, make housing more attainable, 
unlock innovative housing models, and invest in smart tax policy. 
Together, we can chart a path to a new way home and help Americans find 
purpose, even peace, in the stability that comes with a roof over your 
head.
  Peace--that is something we all need right now, isn't it?
  I studied international relations in college, and I have lived and 
traveled and worked in over 30 countries. My son was even born abroad. 
I fundamentally believe that we need peace at a global level.
  But today, I want to talk about the need for peace at a more personal 
level--the peace that comes with knowing our purpose and having a 
steady job and a place to call home and the peace that comes when we 
can take care of our families.
  Not every family looks the same, but we all want the same things: 
quality healthcare, affordable childcare, and the comfort of knowing 
that Social Security and Medicare will be there for us too.
  Last summer, I sat at a kitchen table with a mother of young 
children, one with disabilities. She was taking care of her aging 
father as well--a role that she inherited from her mother because her 
mother passed away from all the stress. And I will never forget the 
look of frustration in her eyes. She was drained physically, mentally, 
and emotionally from all the administrative hoops and barriers and 
things she had to jump through and financially from all the bills she 
had to pay. She was barely holding on.
  How are we supposed to rebuild trust in our government, rekindle 
bright hope in our democracy, when families are struggling to care for 
their aging loved ones and their children at the same time? We have 
failed the sandwich generation, their children, and their parents as 
well.
  We now have a patchwork of solutions in States, but we are not 
working together as a nation. We have an opportunity to provide peace 
of mind and create jobs by investing in childcare and healthcare, but 
that is only half the battle. We must also focus on those caring for 
aging parents by addressing the urgent shortages in home care and 
nursing workforces.
  It is also time to revolutionize Medicare, to truly uplift Americans 
living in their twilight years, because we all deserve peace of mind, 
of knowing that we can retire with dignity.
  Ultimately, the solutions are clear. By simplifying access to care 
and making it more affordable, we give families the tools they need to 
strive while strengthening our economy, and we have the power to give 
our families peace of mind.
  But none of this will be possible without a planet. Who doesn't want 
clean drinking water and clean air? How is this controversial? Yet 
there are many communities in America where unsafe water, dirty air, 
and playgrounds built on brownfields are still a reality.
  In 2022, I was able to work with the Ellendale community in their 
decades-long fight for clean drinking water. It is still one of the 
proudest moments of my career thus far. But for many across this 
country, there are Ellendales everywhere, many communities that still 
need champions in this Chamber, especially as we confront the threats 
of climate change.
  Let me be clear. As the junior Senator from the lowest lying State in 
the Nation, from our farms and our beaches to our environmental justice 
communities, in Delaware, we know climate change is real. Now is not 
the time to pull back from our oversight of Agencies like the EPA and 
FEMA; now is the time to lean in. With rising insurance rates pricing 
people out of their homes and recordbreaking disaster seasons draining 
State and local budgets, the health and wealth of our Nation depends on 
our collective action to preserve and protect our environment.
  Purpose, peace, planet--this is how we can earn the trust that has 
been lost, how we can rekindle bright hope in our democracy, because 
when people have a good job, a roof over their head, the ability to 
care for their family, and a healthy planet to call home, they will 
know they have a government that works for them.
  It is on all of us, the people that serve in this Chamber, to meet 
this moment. And if we are successful, 50 years from now, as we 
celebrate our tricentennial, Americans will not need to read a speech 
from 2025 and say these are the challenges of our time, too. They will, 
instead, be able to freely write the next chapter of the American 
story.

  Mr. President, I will end where I began--with bright hope. I often 
said: Bright hope shines brightest in the darkness. Right now, a lot of 
people are asking me how I still have bright hope in the moment that we 
are in.
  Well, let me tell you, I have bright hope because God mended my 
broken heart after the death of my husband and blessed me with the 
opportunity to serve my State and my country. I have bright hope 
because I stand here as a descendent of the enslaved men and women who 
built this place. I have bright hope because I prayed in the Gallery on 
January 6, and I am here, alive, standing firm for democracy and love. 
I have bright hope because in the words of the renowned poet Langston 
Hughes:

       I, too, sing America.

  Thank you, Mr. President.
  (Applause, Senators rising.)
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from Oregon.


                             Senate Interns

  Mr. MERKLEY. Mr. President, it is by way of real honor to bring the 
interns on their shadow day to track my participation in hearings and 
speeches and floor votes and conversation with other Senators because 
it is really hard for our interns to get a full vision of what we do as 
Senators if they are just in the office helping to answer the mail--
because a good share of what they do is writing responses to all the 
questions that Oregonians write about.
  I will never forget the time I spent with Senator Hatfield when I was 
an intern and had a chance to essentially be his floor monitor 49 years 
ago. At that time, there was no television on the floor, and there was 
no fax machine. Of course, there was no internet. There was no cell 
phone. So each Senator had somebody monitoring the debate, and my 
assignment was monitoring the debate on the Tax Reform Act of 1976.
  There were 125 votes on that. And I sat up in the balcony up here, in 
the staff section, with many other staff members. The bells would ring, 
and we would run down to where the reporters hang out outside the 
double doors now here. I and other staff members would hang out, 
waiting for our Senators to come out of the elevator, and brief them 
about the amendment that was being considered. Because there was no 
television on the floor, folks back in the office had no idea what was 
being debated and what folks back home thought about the issue.
  So I do appreciate the opportunity to help our interns get a fuller 
vision of the work we do here in the Senate.


                           Government Funding

  Mr. MERKLEY. Mr. President, my reason for coming to the floor now is 
to weigh in on Senator Rand Paul's proposed budget.
  Now, if we could turn the clock back to the beginning of July, Senate 
Republicans passed President Trump's so-called Big Beautiful Bill.
  Many of us consider it a big, ugly betrayal because its core message 
was that families lose and billionaires win. That was not President 
Trump's message during his campaign. During his campaign, he said he 
was going to be fighting for families. Then he gets sworn in just down 
this hallway in the Rotunda. Who does he have standing behind him? 
Champions for families? healthcare? for education? for housing? for 
investment in infrastructure? No. Billionaires.
  That revealed what he was really up to, and that entire bill hurt 
families.

[[Page S6635]]

Why? To fund tax breaks for billionaires. Kicking 15 million Americans 
off their health insurance to fund tax breaks for billionaires. 
Slashing nutrition assistance for millions of children. Why? In order 
to give tax breaks to billionaires. Running up $30 trillion in 
additional national debt over the next 30 years. Why? To fund tax 
breaks for billionaires. It is pretty astounding that a single Member 
of this body would have voted for that bill running up $30 trillion in 
debt.
  Every single person who gave speeches back home that said ``I am all 
about being fiscally responsible''--what could possibly be more 
irresponsible than cutting nutrition for children and cutting 
healthcare for 15 million Americans in order to make the richest 
Americans even richer? It is like the worst possible reason for a 
deficit or a debt.
  Families lose; billionaires win.
  Now Senator Paul has introduced a budget resolution that compounds 
that. He says that over the next 10 years, we should cut an additional 
$22 trillion out of the programs that serve Americans.
  Now, if he had come to the floor and said ``We just passed a bill 
that runs up $30 trillion in debt to fund tax breaks for billionaires, 
and we are going to take away those tax breaks for billionaires in 
order to not run up $30 trillion,'' I would be right with him because 
that would be wise. But cutting fundamental programs for families and 
our national security?
  Now, any responsible budget plan is going to tell you when its cuts 
are going to happen. So where does Senator Paul, my good friend from 
Kentucky--where does he say those spending cuts will happen? Where will 
that $22 trillion come from that he is eliminating over the next 10 
years? Well, he doesn't answer the question. He says: I am going to 
create a new category in the budget called ``New Efficiencies, 
Consolidations, and Other Savings.'' Not one damn detail. How 
convenient that is.
  I am just going to magically cut $22 trillion out of the spending 
over the next 10 years and not say a word about the damage it is going 
to do.
  This is kind of a replay of what we saw in the reconciliation debate 
when our Republican colleagues used magic math and budget gimmicks and 
smoke and mirrors to slash programs for families and explode the debt.
  Don't we owe it to our constituents, don't we owe it to Americans to 
be honest about what is being proposed? So I will tell you where those 
cuts are going to come from, something of that size. Well, they are 
going to come from Medicare. They are going to come from Medicaid. They 
are going to come from child nutrition. They are going to come from 
border security. They are going to come from law enforcement. They are 
going to come from national defense. They are going to come from 
veterans' care. They are going to come from environmental protection 
and investments in infrastructure.
  Now, if you spread those cuts evenly over the discretionary budget 
lines over those 10 years, it cuts 38 percent of what we spend--38 
percent. I am pretty sure some of my colleagues will say: Well, 
whatever you do, don't cut national defense and certainly don't cut 
support for our veterans.
  So then what are we talking about? We are talking about a 48-percent 
cut in everything else.
  OK. So voting for this Rand Paul budget, you are voting for 
essentially a 50-percent cut in Medicare, a 50-percent cut in Medicaid, 
a 50-percent cut in cancer research, a 50-percent cut on top of the 
cuts already made in child nutrition, and a 50-percent cut on 
investments in infrastructure. That is what you are voting for, and 
that is really beyond damaging to our Nation.
  You want to cut Medicare in half? Well, then, put that in the line, 
explain what it is, and then vote for it. That would show some courage. 
If you really want Medicare cut in half, tell the American people that. 
Have the courage of your convictions. Don't hide it behind this funny 
line called ``New Efficiencies'' or something of that nature.
  Well, there are obviously all these things you can find in the budget 
that need to be cut, and there have been some examples given. I am sure 
you can find some scientific research that most Americans would look 
at, even with full information, and they would say: Oh, yeah, we don't 
need to research that.
  But, you know, sometimes the insights in science come from the most 
unexpected places. For example, there has been some commentary about 
silly-sounding Federal grants like studying Gila monster venom. Why 
would you study that? Well, then you find out that what was learned 
there helped create the drug Ozempic. Well, that is pretty big medical 
insight that has huge applications in terms of a variety of diseases 
but also in terms of addiction and in terms of weight loss.
  You might say: Why would you study bird songs? Well, it turns out 
that the study of bird songs led to advances in hearing aid technology, 
allows people to distinguish sounds they want to hear from background 
noise so they can have a conversation in a crowded room.
  I am just saying that I am sure there are individual items that could 
be found that sound absurd, but you know what--those are little tiny 
pennies. It is not cutting Medicare by 50 percent; it is not cutting 
Medicaid by 50 percent.
  If you want to cut $22 trillion, cut it out of the tax breaks for 
billionaires. That is the real crime done by the families lose; 
billionaires win, big, ugly betrayal of a bill. Maybe that is the 
budget we should be voting on.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. Curtis). The Senator from Kentucky.

                          ____________________