[Congressional Record Volume 171, Number 134 (Saturday, August 2, 2025)]
[Senate]
[Pages S5494-S5498]
From the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]



                              Nominations

  Mr. SCHMITT. Mr. President, 2\1/2\ years ago, I was sworn in as 
America's 2,000th Senator, a pretty unique honor for a kid that grew up 
in a working-class neighborhood in Bridgeton, MO. And as someone who 
appreciates history, the U.S. Senate has always been held out as the 
greatest deliberate body in the history of the world.
  It is a very uniquely American institution. As our Founders 
envisioned what our system of government looked like, they wanted 
something that was very different than the House and something that you 
had equal representation as opposed to proportional representation, 
this system of checks and balances in a bicameral legislature, every 
State, no matter the size, having two Senators was thought of very 
differently and has proven over the course of our nearly 250 years to 
be a very important place to protect individual rights and a whole host 
of other issues that matter to the American people.
  There has also been some people whose names are famous. You had Henry 
Clay, the great compromiser. You had, of course, Webster, Calhoun, and 
Clay as the great triumvirate. Missouri's first Senator Thomas Hart 
Benton was known as Old Bullion.
  And I want to propose a new name, someone who serves currently in the 
U.S. Senate: the great arsonist, Chuck Schumer. Chuck Schumer has 
singlehandedly, more than any Senator in the history of our Republic, 
done more to diminish the importance and significance of this Chamber.
  And I am going to walk through a few ways in which he has done that. 
To take a step back for the folks watching on C-SPAN, for the folks in 
the Gallery, for over 200 years--for over 200 years--the Executive 
Calendar, which is what we are dealing with today and what this whole 
debate is about--this Executive Calendar, there was no filibuster ever. 
It didn't happen. It didn't exist.
  Presidents were able to come in; they were able to nominate folks. 
They were done by unanimous consent. Maybe there was some debate. But 
to put this in perspective, the folks nominated as judges for the 
Cabinet and other related posts--judges, for example, weren't even 
really subject to the filibuster.
  Think about this, Clarence Thomas, perhaps one of the most 
controversial Supreme Court Justices--or that nomination was--got 52 
votes. A filibuster wasn't instituted on Clarence Thomas--52 votes and 
he was confirmed. Any Senator could have moved forward with an effort 
to filibuster, requiring cloture, and then a vote requiring 60 votes.
  So then, of course, you move into sort of the 20th century, Harry 
Reid and Chuck Schumer grew tired of that old institution of having to 
have 60 votes once that started to be employed. So they decided to 
change things around here, that you only needed 51 votes for anything 
other than a Supreme Court nominee. Lit the fuse. Lit the fuse.
  Then, of course, now even for Supreme Court nominees, it is only 51. 
That happened in the 21st century. For the entirety of the 20th 
century, we didn't have this nonsense that we are doing here today.
  I mean, even as we go back into the 1990s and into the 2000s, this 
Executive Calendar that we are dealing with was done by unanimous 
consent in voice votes. There are people literally being voted on 
today, I don't think the Ambassador of Uruguay has been voted on in 50 
years; we just did that.
  So Chuck Schumer rode shotgun with Harry Reid to upend the Executive 
Calendar as it relates to judicial nominees. Now, Chuck Schumer is 
doing that to all these other positions. We have never seen this in the 
history of our Republic. With over a thousand people that need to be 
Senate confirmed, the Democrats are requiring--they are filibustering 
and requiring cloture for every single one of them.
  Because of those stall tactics, the 30-hour rule was changed to 2 
hours, but this is all about delay. And why? Well, there is a couple 
reasons. One is the Democrats, at this point, are catering to a very, 
very radical and growing element of their party. And they are competing 
to be the greatest resister against President Trump. They can't believe 
he got back in. They can't believe it.
  They tried to throw him in jail for the rest of his life. They 
invented this Russiagate nonsense in the first term. But the American 
people sat in that jury box, they weighed all the evidence, they saw 
all the shenanigans. And they said: Do you know what? We want our 
country back. We can't believe that you would weaponize the Justice 
Department against parents who showed up to school board meetings or 
Catholics or your chief political rival.
  They rejected it. They rejected it because they want reform. So now 
President Trump is offering candidates who are reformed candidates for 
different positions, but they don't want to do it. And do you know 
what? Vote no or whatever, but this level of obstruction has never been 
seen before. It has never been seen before.
  And don't even get me started on what Chuck Schumer would do to the 
legislative filibuster. He is already on record, his colleagues are on 
record, many of which I have talked to privately and can't believe they 
would actually do it, but if they are ever in the position that the 
Republicans are in right now, with a President in the White House, 
Democratic Senate, and a Democrat House, they will blow up the 
legislative filibuster.
  They have all voted to do it--save Joe Manchin and Kyrsten Sinema, 
who are no longer here.

[[Page S5495]]

  

  Mr. MERKLEY. Would my colleague yield to a question?
  Mr. SCHMITT. No.
  Mr. MERKLEY. Thank you.
  Mr. SCHMITT. They won't do it. They won't yield at all. And by the 
way, I have had very--I won't mention who--conversations with my 
Democrat colleagues who pretend to care about this institution and who 
are on record for that, on record for voting to end the legislative 
filibuster.
  Oh, it is just for one issue. It was just for the voting rights 
issue. Give me a break--because you know exactly what comes next, DC 
and Puerto Rico come into the Union, federalizing our elections, 
packing the Supreme Court, put a shot clock on the Republic on that 
day.
  So here we are now, that is the legislative calendar. We are in the 
Executive Calendar. They already lit the fuse on judicial nominees. And 
now Chuck Schumer is lighting the fuse on this. And I have got news for 
you: A reckoning is coming, because we are going to get back--the 
Republicans in this Chamber are going to get back to where the Senate 
always was, where the Executive Calendar isn't being utilized like 
this.
  And so whether it is, you know, because a rule change is coming, if I 
have anything to say about it--and by the way, in a few hours, we may 
be recessing, and President Trump is going to get his recess picks.
  You have lit the fuse. And let me give you another example of what 
Chuck Schumer has done. Last year, for the first time in the history of 
the Republic, articles of impeachment were delivered over to this 
Chamber, all Senators were seated, all of us.
  In every single instance that articles of impeachment have come over 
to this Chamber if the person was alive or still in office, there was a 
trial. It happens to be in the Constitution. That is part of our job. 
There are only three calendars, the legislative calendar, the Executive 
Calendar, and the impeachment calendar.
  The fuse was lit yet again. For the first time in our country's 
history, Chuck Schumer made a motion to dismiss the articles without a 
trial, and the Democrats, with a simple majority vote, went along with 
it.
  I don't ever want to be lectured by any Senator on that side of the 
aisle about how much they care about the institution of the Senate. All 
three calendars would be lit ablaze, set on fire by the great arsonist 
and his merry men.
  So what are we going to do about it? This is the charge to my 
Republican colleagues today. The charge is: We are not going to let you 
do this to the Senate. We are not going to let you destroy this place. 
We are going to get back to a place it has always been.
  And one more example. I heard Chuck Schumer on the floor earlier 
today lauding the passage of appropriations bills. In my first 2 years 
in this place, we spent exactly 0.0 minutes on appropriations bills, a 
Blutarsky, nothing.
  Leader Thune has made it a priority to open this place up, to have 
amendments. In fact, when I carried the rescissions package, I wasn't 
seeking to box anybody out. Offer your amendments. Let's have free and 
open debate.
  We didn't see that when Chuck Schumer was in charge--not once.
  So lit the fuse on judicial nominees. Lit the fuse on the Executive 
Calendar. Lit the fuse on the legislative filibuster. Lit the fuse on 
regular order. He will go down in the annals of history as someone with 
total disregard for this Chamber, the work we are charged to do when we 
are elected.
  But I think Republicans have a chance to course correct today, and I 
hope we do it to get back to a place that can actually function.
  I yield the floor.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. Just as a reminder to my colleagues, you 
should refer to each other as a person or Senator from, for example, 
Ohio. And I also just want to remind my colleagues that ``no Senator in 
debate shall, directly or indirectly, by any form of words impute to 
another Senator or to other Senators any conduct or motive unworthy or 
unbecoming a Senator.''
  The Senator from Oregon.
  Mr. MERKLEY. Mr. President, I was hoping my colleague would stay on 
the floor to have a little bit of discussion about the topic he just 
raised because there seemed to be some missing elements in his 
discussion.
  And isn't that kind of what happens here, where we hear from our 
leadership about all of these terrible things the other side is doing, 
and we just kind of swallow that hook, line, and sinker, rather than 
actually looking at the record.
  Now, one of the pieces left out of his story was 1974, 100 Senators 
on this floor said: We are going to create a special fast track, 
filibuster-free, for one single purpose: reducing the deficit. And 
think of Robert Byrd of West Virginia. And Robert Byrd was an adamant--
adamant--advocate for the filibuster. Unfortunately, he had been very 
supportive of using the filibuster to block civil rights bills. But, in 
general, he was dedicated to making sure that it stayed in place. And 
even he joined 99 other Senators to say: Hey, we should have a special 
fast track solely for reducing the deficit. That was 1974.
  At that same time, that same bill created the Congressional Budget 
Office so we would use honest numbers in putting forward spending bills 
because if we are going to actually reduce the deficit, we have to quit 
using smoke and mirrors to pretend that what we are spending is less 
than it really is.
  So let's go forward 22 years to 1996. And in 1996, we were in the 
middle of the first term of the Gingrich revolution. The election of 
1994 had been of dramatic success for Republicans in the House, picking 
up dozens of seats with an agenda for America. And in that agenda was 
something called the line-item veto. And the line-item veto was the 
idea that we would delegate our constitutional responsibility of the 
power of the purse to the President of the United States of America and 
say the President can decide what is spent on what programs.
  And the Supreme Court said: Oh, no. You can't do that. You have a 
constitutional responsibility under the separation of powers. Under the 
checks and balances, Congress, by law, establishes what must be spent 
on each program, not the President of the United States.
  Certainly, the President gets a role. The President provides the 
budget. The President has to sign the spending bills. But Congress 
could not take the power assigned to it and simply hand it over to the 
Executive. That is the way you end up in a strongman state.
  And so the Supreme Court wiped out, in 1996--well, they canceled, if 
you will, the line-item veto power that Congress tried to give the 
President.
  And so the Republican team controlling the House and Senate said: 
Well, we have another idea, and that other idea is a balanced budget 
constitutional amendment. Now, that happens to require two-thirds of 
both bodies here to vote for it and then three-quarters of the States 
to do a constitutional amendment.
  It easily flew through the House of Representatives. All very good. 
It came over to the Senate, and we needed 67 votes for that, and there 
were 66 votes. The 67th vote was potentially the chair of the 
Appropriations Committee, Senator Hatfield from Oregon, and Senator 
Hatfield said: This is a bad idea. Here is why it is a bad idea. 
Sometimes we are at war, and we need to spend more money. Sometimes we 
are in recession, and we need to spend more money. And we do decide 
every single year, and we are in the majority, Republican majority, we 
decide every single year how much is going to be spent through the 
spending bills, the appropriations bills. And we decide through the 
revenue bills how much is going to be raised. So we already have the 
power to do a balanced budget in the years that it should be balanced, 
but we need to retain the power to address these emergencies.
  It is kind of an interesting story in that Senator Hatfield, for 
standing on this principle as the chair of the Appropriations 
Committee, was vilified--vilified--for defending the responsibility of 
the power of the purse held here. And, in fact, he was so vilified that 
he even received a message from his son-in-law with a picture of his 
granddaughter, saying: For her sake, you should do this.
  He then went to the majority leader, Senator Dole, and said: If you 
feel so strongly this is right, and clearly I feel it is a mistake, I 
will resign. And Senator Dole decided, no, we are not going to ask you 
to resign. We are not going

[[Page S5496]]

to suggest that is the right answer. And so it fell one vote short.
  There is kind of an interesting twist to this story because Oregon 
did not have a law that allowed a Governor to appoint a replacement. So 
had Senator Hatfield resigned, there would have been 99 Senators, and 
then you would have only needed 66 votes for the balanced budget 
amendment. But that did not transpire because Senator Dole turned 
Senator Hatfield's offer down.
  So then what happened? Well, a little bit of frustration among the 
Republican majority. Their line-item veto had been knocked down by the 
Supreme Court. Their constitutional amendment had not cleared the 
Senate. And they said: We really want to do a massive tax bill, 
particularly giving huge breaks for the richest Americans. And they 
said: Ah, but we can't do it. We can't get it done. Why not? Because 
the Democrats won't agree to massive tax breaks for the richest 
Americans. So we won't be able to get the 60 votes we need to be able 
to pursue this path.
  And then what happened? Well, Majority Leader Dole and others 
conferred and said: Let's do a nuclear option. And let's take this 
strategy, this tool, that we created in 1974 to reduce deficits, and 
let's repurpose it and allow it to be used to increase deficits--of 
course, not at all what the 100 Senators had voted on in 1974.
  Well, that was pretty dramatic to proceed to take a tool, 
reconciliation, invented in 1974 to reduce deficits and to say it can 
be used to increase deficits. Well, so dramatic, in fact, that it 
couldn't be done unless they overturned the opinion of their 
Parliamentarian. So they fired the Parliamentarian. That is what the 
Republicans did. They fired the Parliamentarian and they brought in a 
new Parliamentarian and his name was Robert Dove.
  Now, Robert Dove had been here in 1974. He knew about why they passed 
this bill with 100 Senators to have a fast track with no filibuster was 
only for decreasing the deficits. But where had Mr. Dove been working? 
He had been working for the majority leader, Robert Dole. And so he 
took and he came in and he ruled--or provided the recommendation to the 
chair--that it was just fine to completely repurpose this 1974 tool 
called reconciliation for decreasing the deficits so it could be used 
to increase deficits. That was the nuclear option. Wow.
  Now, my colleague didn't mention any of that. He talked about 
lighting the fuse. Lighting the fuse, as if Democrats had been 
degrading the structure of this institution. But I would suggest maybe 
there is responsibility on both sides of the aisle. What was done in 
1996 was a dramatic--dramatic--well, contravention of the very core of 
the understanding that every Democrat and every Republican had agreed 
to. It was a deal broken--deal broken--in the exercise of power 
politics.
  Or let's go forward to 2008, and this man named Barack Obama ran for 
President. He was a Member of the Senate, and he was elected. At that 
point, something dramatic happened, and that is the minority leader 
decided to undertake a dramatic blockade of President Obama's nominees. 
I mean, couldn't fill the National Labor Relations Board, couldn't get 
the Labor Secretary into place. The list went on and on and on.
  Well, Democrats didn't respond with a nuclear option. They responded 
with: Let's work this out. Let's preserve the supermajority on 
nominations. But to preserve it, we can't abuse it in this fashion.
  Just the number of blockades of nominations soared dramatically. This 
instrument that had really almost never been used on nominations, it 
started being used routinely on the Republican side of the aisle. That 
was left out of the speech you heard a few minute ago.
  So we negotiated. We pleaded. It was like a 9-month process. And, 
finally, we all met in the Old Senate Chamber--no staff present. I 
don't know if there was anyone to even record the comments for history, 
and we basically talked to each other in very real terms about let's 
preserve this supermajority on nominations. But it can't be that the 
minority uses that as a blockade against a President to keep qualified 
people from being put into office. An agreement was reached that that 
blockade would be dialed back enormously.

  I recall that a month or so into that, there was us on the verge of 
the minority blocking a very qualified individual that there was no 
justification for. I remember Senator McCain grabbing the arm of a 
fellow colleague coming down the aisle over here and saying: We mustn't 
do this. We agreed to not be irresponsible in blocking qualified 
people. And that person just got the 60 votes and went through.
  All good and well, like we had resolved this conflict and preserved 
the supermajority, until the minority leader changed his mind and said: 
I don't care how qualified a nominee is from President Obama for the DC 
Circuit Court. We are going to block anyone--anyone--from being 
assigned to fill those seats.
  Well, that was the final straw.
  As much as Harry Reid tried to, as majority leader, say: Back off, 
don't do that; that is a violation of the agreement we reached in the 
Old Senate Chamber, the minority leader said: No, we are not going to 
allow Obama to put a single justice on the DC court.
  A few arguments--policy arguments--were made by the minority leader 
to support the position. He said: I think they have enough justices 
already. We don't need to fill those additional positions. But that is 
not an argument that had ever been used here, that even though courts 
had a huge backlog, they didn't need the additional justices.
  No, it was just a plain outpower move to block the President of the 
United States from putting people on the DC Circuit Court.
  Why was that the target? Well, for one reason, the DC Circuit Court 
considers--a lot of the national issues go through the DC Circuit Court 
of Appeals. And for another, a lot of folks who eventually get 
nominated to the Supreme Court serve on the DC Circuit Court of 
Appeals. That makes it kind of a pretty important place.
  But this pretty important place where justices consider pretty 
important issues and sometimes have a chance to be recognized as 
someone who might be a good candidate for the Supreme Court was blocked 
by the minority. And he has made all the efforts to undo that. The 
minority said: No, regardless of qualifications, we are going to back 
up the minority leader and not allow any justices to be appointed, no 
matter how qualified they are.
  So I am just adding to the conversation that my colleague began--who 
proceeded to throw in kind of a dialogue of, say, all the obstruction 
here stems from one side of the aisle, the blue side of the aisle--I am 
suggesting that there have been moments where both sides have stretched 
their power. There have been moments when both sides have sought--and 
sometimes successfully--to resolve that conflict.
  But in the end, there have been some big moments in which the 
Republicans have torn down the system. That may be true for the 
Democrats, as well. But it might be helpful to have a more balanced 
conversation.
  And while we are at this dialogue, recognizing factors that have 
occurred on both sides of the aisle, let's talk about something else 
that never happened in U.S. history until it happened by the 
Republicans refusing to hold a debate and a vote on a Supreme Court 
nomination. It had never happened until the last year of the Obama 
administration when a vacancy became open due to an untimely death and 
the President nominated a candidate to fill that seat. And Republicans 
said: We are not even going to allow a debate or a vote--the first time 
in the history of the United States of America.
  I was just reading a column the other day that referred to this as 
the ``stolen seat.'' I noticed it because that is what I called it at 
the time. I said this is wrong. Once one side steals a seat from a 
President, it will be horrifically difficult to fix that problem 
because if the Democrats have the same chance to do the same and 
balance things out, now you just have a tradition of stealing seats.
  You have a Republican President and a Democratic majority that blocks 
debate on a nominee until the next election, hoping that you will keep 
that seat empty until there is a Democrat in the Oval Office. That just 
means we have locked in obstruction.
  I came to this floor at 6 p.m. and started speaking and addressed my 
comments to the majority leader

[[Page S5497]]

across the aisle and the minority leader and said: Please get together. 
There have been several recommendations for fixing this, because if 
this seat is stolen in this fashion--kept empty until the next 
President comes in--we will never be able to fix it. There is no path 
for fixing it.
  I proceeded to make that plea through the night up until cloture 
ripened--that is a motion to close debate--ripened the following 
morning, 15\1/2\ hours later.
  Why would I stand on this floor 15\1/2\ hours later? Because I was 
asking my Republican colleagues: Do not tear down this institution.
  That is three examples of what the Republican side has done. It 
didn't come up in my colleague's speech.
  Let's talk about a fourth. I see my colleague from Illinois is here 
and I am going to defer to him. The fourth was just recently in which, 
for the first time ever since the 1974 act, we passed a bill--I say we 
passed a bill--Republicans passed on a partisan line bill, a spending 
reconciliation bill that will create deficits beyond a 10-year window. 
They had already blown up the agreement from 1974 that there could be 
no deficits created in a 10-year window. They blew that up in 1996, as 
I referred to. Then they proceeded to blow up, just weeks ago, the 
second half, second pillar of that deal, that there would be no 
deficits after that 10-year period.
  Then they blew up the third pillar of that 1974 act, which was: We 
would use honest numbers from the Congressional Budget Office in laying 
out what a bill costs.
  I say to my colleague across the aisle who was speaking before me: 
You pointed out things that you feel Democrats stretched the boundaries 
and damaged this institution, but you left out enumerable cases that I 
have just pointed to. Isn't it time to not do one more damage to this 
institution and, instead, get together a group from each side to 
wrestle with the issue at hand?
  It is my understanding that as of this moment, this day, there is 
almost exactly the same number of nominees that have been approved to 
date under the Trump administration as there were under the Biden 
administration, a similar number of days under his administration--
almost exactly the same number. I think the hyperbole across the aisle 
is profoundly exaggerated.
  Let me yield to my colleague from Illinois, who stands ready to share 
a few thoughts.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Democratic whip.
  Mr. DURBIN. Mr. President, I thank my colleague from Oregon for his 
statement. I would like to join in the chorus for just a moment and 
note two or three things that have not been mentioned on the floor by 
the other side. In fairness, I think they should.
  I have listened to several Republican Senators today, with the pie 
charts, come to the floor and express concern--even outrage--at what is 
happening in this Chamber. There is some legitimacy to their complaint. 
There are a lot of things that need to be changed.
  I join in with my colleague from Oregon to say we ought to put a 
group together to try to calmly come up with changes and Senate 
procedure to bring us back to the stature this Chamber once had. Today, 
we don't have it, and we should. There are several things I would like 
to mention briefly.
  If you are talking about denying a voice vote or a rollcall to an 
individual seeking a nomination, I call to mind what happened with our 
colleague at that time, JD Vance, the U.S. Senator from Ohio, who 
announced when I was chairman of the Judiciary Committee that he would 
no longer allow U.S. attorneys to go through the voice vote. At that 
point, he said they should go through the procedure we are now using 
for all nominees. He literally stopped the process of choosing U.S. 
attorneys for President Biden at 63. There are over 90 U.S. attorney 
positions in the United States.
  So he did exactly what is being complained about by Republican 
Senators, saying that we can no longer use the voice vote or unanimous 
consent to pick U.S. attorneys.
  Let the record reflect, when President Trump was in his first term, 
every one of his U.S. attorneys was chosen by voice vote, no record 
votes. Democrats were in control and gave that option to President 
Trump. And then Vice President Vance had an opportunity to stop it and 
did. He said at the time he wanted to ``grind the Department of Justice 
to a halt.'' I quoted that while he was standing on the floor right 
there. He didn't deny it. He had been quoted in the press.
  When you talk about balance and fairness in reforming the Senate, it 
goes both ways.
  Secondly, do you remember when Anton Scalia died on vacation and 
there was a vacancy at the U.S. Supreme Court? Do you recall what 
happened? That vacancy was protected by the Republican Senate leader, 
Senator McConnell, for 10 months so that Obama would not have an 
opportunity to fill that vacancy. He wanted to make certain that was 
done by President Trump in his next term. There is another illustration 
of departure from common practice and precedent for political 
advantage.
  But the last point that I want to make is one that came by as I 
listened to the Senator from Arkansas come to the floor and talk about 
the treatment of Republicans under his experience in the Senate.
  We have something in the Senate called a hold. What that means, 
basically, when your name makes it to the Calendar, the Executive 
Calendar here, which means you have gone through the background 
investigation at the White House, you have gone through the committee 
process, you have been chosen by the committee, and you come to the 
Calendar to be considered for a position in our Federal Government. 
There is still one last hurdle--not just a vote on the Senate floor, 
but the possibility of a hold. Individual Senators can put a hold on a 
nominee indefinitely.
  One of the most egregious examples that has happened in modern times 
relates to the Senator from Arkansas. Let me read from an article by 
Frank Bruni in the New York Times, June 6, 2016:

       In early 2014, after decades of government and nonprofit 
     work that reflected a passion for public service, Cassandra 
     Butts got a reward--or so she thought. She was nominated by 
     President Obama to be the next U.S. Ambassador to the 
     Bahamas.
       It wasn't an especially high-profile gig at the crossroads 
     of the day's most urgent issues, but it was a longstanding 
     diplomatic post that needed to be filled, and she had 
     concrete ideas about how best to do the job.
       ``She was very excited,'' her sister [Deidra Abbott, told 
     me] said.
       The Senate held a hearing on her nomination on May 2014, 
     and then . . . nothing. Summer came and went. So did fall. A 
     new year arrived, then another new year after that.
       When I met her last month--

  Mr. Bruni wrote--

     she'd been waiting more than 820 days on the Senate Calendar 
     to be confirmed. She died suddenly two weeks later, still 
     waiting. She was 50 years old.
       The delay had nothing to do with her qualifications, which 
     were impeccable. It had everything to do with Washington.

  The woman says:

       At another point Senator Tom Cotton, an Arkansas 
     Republican, put a hold specifically on Butts and on nominees 
     for ambassadorships to Sweden and Norway. He had a legitimate 
     gripe with the Obama administration over a Secret Service 
     leak of private information about a fellow member of 
     Congress, and he was trying to pressure Obama to take 
     punitive action. But that issue was unrelated to Butts and 
     the Bahamas.
       Cotton eventually released the two other holds, but not the 
     one on Butts. She told me that she once went to see him 
     [personally] about it, and he explained that he knew that she 
     was a close friend of Obama's--the two first [met] . . . at 
     Harvard Law School . . . and that blocking her was a way to 
     inflict special pain on the president.
       Cotton's spokeswoman did not dispute Butts' 
     characterization of that meeting, and stressed, in separate 
     emails, that Cotton had enormous respect for her and her 
     career.

  That's Washington for you.
  A hold of 820 days. A woman who waited on the calendar patiently for 
this ambassadorship to the Bahamas passed away from leukemia.
  So, when we sit down and talk about bringing civility and common 
sense back to the Senate, let's bring in more than just the topic of 
the votes as to whether there will be record votes or whether there 
will be voice votes. That is an important issue, but it is not the only 
issue. Let us show civility, one to the other--Democrats to Republicans 
and Republicans to Democrats.
  I yield the floor.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The President pro tempore. The Senator from 
Iowa.

[[Page S5498]]

  

  Mr. GRASSLEY. Mr. President, soon, we will vote on the U.S. attorney 
for the Southern District of Florida.
  Until recent years, it has been unheard of to use floor time to 
confirm U.S. attorneys. Typically, they are confirmed by voice vote. I 
regret that we have become a body where every nominee has been 
obstructed. U.S. attorneys keep our communities safe and ensure law and 
order is enforced. There are 93 U.S. attorneys in the United States. It 
would take more than 230 hours to confirm all of them. That is totally 
unrealistic, and that is not hyperbole.
  The Democrats' obstruction of nominees is hindering law and order 
across our Nation. As chairman of the Judiciary Committee, I will 
continue to work across the aisle to restore a commonsense confirmation 
process for U.S. attorneys.