[Congressional Record Volume 171, Number 71 (Tuesday, April 29, 2025)]
[Senate]
[Pages S2631-S2642]
From the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]



                  Trump Administration First 100 Days

  Ms. LUMMIS. Mr. President, today, President Trump completes the first 
100 days of his return to the White House, and it has been nothing 
short of transformational.
  Under President Trump and Vice President Vance's leadership, we are 
witnessing the rapid implementation of campaign promises that are 
already reshaping America's policy landscape. When I go home to Wyoming 
each weekend, people approach me everywhere, from restaurants to the 
feed store, eager to discuss the positive changes happening in 
Washington. The overwhelming sentiment is enthusiasm for what President 
Trump is accomplishing for everyday Americans.
  For example, on day one, President Trump restored the dignity of men 
and women as biologically distinct sexes. It is hard to believe he had 
to do that, but, indeed, he did. One of the administration's first 
major actions was signing an Executive order directing Federal Agencies 
to recognize biological sex in athletic competition.
  The left spent the past 4 years gaslighting Americans and making the 
failed argument that biological males should now be competing in 
women's sports in the name of fairness. Within a few weeks of taking 
office, President Trump tackled this issue and made it clear that this 
administration won't support the left's attack on female athletes. I 
believe this is the women's rights issue of our time, and I am grateful 
for President Trump's leadership.
  For some people my age, we spent so many years trying to exercise our 
rights under title IX and other rights to recognize women's rights, 
only to have them swept under the rug and disregarded by the left, 
requiring that women not only compete against men but have them in 
their locker rooms in what were uncomfortable and, in some times, 
unsafe circumstances. President Trump recognized this and, thankfully, 
has put that issue to rest for a while.
  President Trump is also delivering on his promise to unleash American 
energy dominance. A few weeks ago, I joined President Trump and some of 
my colleagues at the White House for his signing of an Executive order 
that starts to reverse the Biden and Obama administrations' anti-coal 
agenda. For energy States like Wyoming, the official lifting of the 
unconstitutional coal moratorium represents a significant economic 
opportunity for western States.
  By removing unnecessary restrictions on energy extraction, the 
administration has signaled its commitment to blue collar jobs, cheaper 
energy for American families, and a new era of energy dominance.
  Joe Biden and his administration didn't care about the impact their 
regulations have on working-class people. The Trump administration does 
care, and they are continuing to take action that will help Americans 
and our amazing energy communities.
  Wyoming exports 12 times more energy than it consumes; and much of 
that is in the form of hydrocarbons. And each and every year, for years 
after the Clean Air Act passed, we were producing more energy and 
producing cleaner air. These things can happen simultaneously. And it 
is because of Yankee ingenuity and it is because we know how to do 
things better all the time, we don't have to accept the status quo when 
it comes to energy dominance.
  But there were certain people in the Biden administration that forced 
something called environmental justice, an absolutely trumped-up, 
dreamed-up idea that we can't have clean energy

[[Page S2632]]

and abundant energy at the same time. That is a totally wrong-headed 
approach to what has always been a great American tradition of 
ingenuity and entrepreneurs who can take a problem and solve it.
  There is such a thing as clean air that can be produced from coal and 
natural gas, in particular, and I am proud that my State is part of 
that. I am proud that President Trump recognizes it and that he has 
taken steps to restore our statutory ability to produce both clean air 
and abundant hydrocarbon energy simultaneously.
  Perhaps the most dramatic turnaround has been at the southern border. 
Where the Biden administration created chaos, President Trump has 
restored order--through multiple Executive actions, signing the Laken 
Riley Act, ending catch-and-release, re-implementing ``Remain in 
Mexico,'' and more. We have seen border encounters plummet from nearly 
380,000 in February and March last year to just 22,000, plus a few, 
during the same period this year.
  The people of Wyoming are grateful to have a President who cares 
about securing our border and deporting those who are not here legally, 
especially those from gangs that are causing unsafe communities, 
horrible crimes perpetuated on the American people--all unnecessarily, 
if we only followed the laws that were in existence and the statutes 
that were in existence all along, those laws that President Biden 
ignored and that President Trump is following and implementing.
  For decades, America's leaders have failed our country when it comes 
to fiscal responsibility, and we in this very Chamber are partly 
responsible for that. Our $36 trillion national debt represents a real 
and present threat to America's future.
  We all know it is unsustainable. And yet, after COVID, we never went 
back to pre-COVID spending levels. We have kept spending at post-COVID 
highs, even though the moneys spent during the COVID years is no longer 
necessary in our now more growing and robust post-COVID economy.
  Most taxpayers don't realize their hard-earned dollars primarily 
service this massive debt through interest payments rather than funding 
national defense and essential services. That is why I strongly support 
President Trump's creation of the Department of Government Efficiency--
DOGE. It was done through a provision in ObamaCare and its subsequent 
ability to gain efficiencies through efforts that computers can assist 
us with.
  And nobody knows better how to do it than the people who have 
voluntarily participated through their expertise and ability to 
identify waste, fraud, and abuse, using the Department of Government 
Efficiency and their remarkable skills with computers to ferret out 
waste, fraud, and abuse.
  Elon Musk and the DOGE team have already identified a huge number of 
wasteful programs and abusive expenditures that don't benefit American 
families. All of us should be proud, in both parties, that the rhetoric 
that we have used over the years that we are going to pay for things by 
ferreting out waste, fraud, and abuse and then after elected, don't 
even try to find waste, fraud, and abuse, has finally come to an end.
  Elon Musk and his team have found true waste, fraud, and abuse in 
government and is identifying it so Cabinet Secretaries can deal with 
it in their respective Agencies. That is exactly the kind of fiscal 
discipline that we value in Wyoming--that we all should value as 
Americans.
  After years of the Biden administration's unbridled hostility toward 
digital assets and cryptocurrency, President Trump is fulfilling his 
promise to lead the most pro-digital asset administration in history. I 
could not be more proud. We know that we are moving into a digital 
future, a digital economy. It is something we should embrace. It is 
something we can include in a new, modern 21st century economy.
  It is not something to fear. But it is something that cries for 
consumer protections, and our incredible ability that we have as 
Agencies to disclose matters that should be disclosed to investors and 
to allow innovation where it makes our ability to do business 
internationally, faster, cheaper, and more responsible. Through the 
ledgers, the blockchain's incredible ability to send money all over the 
world fast and inexpensively helps regular, everyday Americans avoid 
the tremendous friction that is in the banking system that costs 
taxpayers money and costs taxpayers time and allows us to do business 
all over the world in a much less expensive and a robust way.

  What a blessing to have an administration that sees the future in 
this way, that understands the innovation that is at our fingertips and 
that we can use to go forward in a true 21st-century digital economy.
  I am particularly pleased with President Trump's support of my 
strategic Bitcoin reserve initiative, which will address our national 
debt while securing America's position as the global leader in 
financial innovation.
  As Bitcoin comes into more usage, its use makes the whole system more 
secure, more robust, and more capable of serving our needs all over the 
world. We should be the global leader with this fantastic, new, ledger-
based asset that is in a digital format that is going to be 
transformative of the everyday economy and puts the everyday American--
in fact, the everyday worker all over the world--in control of their 
own money. What a wonderful blessing for hard-working people all over 
the world to have this great, new technology and to have America lead 
the way in implementing this wonderful, wonderful innovation.
  Here in the Senate, we have confirmed 54 of President Trump's Cabinet 
and sub-Cabinet nominees. It has required some long hours--many in the 
middle of the night, much to our consternation. But our work is far 
from complete.
  The Democrats' agenda threatens to impose crushing tax increases on 
hard-working Wyoming families and our local small businesses. If the 
tax cuts that were implemented under President Trump's first 
administration are allowed to expire, it will create the largest tax 
increase in history at a time when businesses need the innovation that 
allows our economy to grow. That can come through a robust, fair tax 
system. This is something that I look forward to assisting my 
colleagues in this body to implement in a permanent form and using our 
current standard practices.
  Following years of punishing inflation under the Biden 
administration, our communities and working families cannot shoulder 
any additional financial strain, and keeping our Tax Code as is and 
making it permanent is yet another way of implementing advantages for 
local working economies.
  It also just delights me that President Trump identified just real 
working Americans who are struggling to make ends meet, who are living 
paycheck to paycheck, and tried to identify ways to tax-advantage their 
lives--for example, no tax on tips, no tax on Social Security, no tax 
on overtime hours. These are things for regular, everyday, working 
people.
  Some people allege that President Trump is trying to help his 
billionaire buddies. I am not seeing that at all. I am seeing a 
President who really gets the everyday working American and wants to 
make sure that as they live paycheck to paycheck and try to plan for 
their families, there is some relief in store for them with regard to 
his proposals for taxes.
  These first 100 days of President Trump's return to office represent 
just the opening chapter of America's golden era. Already, his 
administration has made remarkable progress in securing our southern 
border, revitalizing American energy independence, cutting wasteful 
government spending, supporting innovative digital asset policies, and 
restoring America's rightful leadership position globally.
  We know even today that as countries are renegotiating their trade 
policies and tariff policies with us, there is a newfound desire to 
find a level playing field, parity, and reciprocal trade agreements 
that allow for some of our products to go into their economies in ways 
that acknowledge that the United States has been globally at a trade 
disadvantage and to try to repair some of those long practices where 
the United States was participating in free trade and other countries 
were not. It is time to make it all fair trade. I applaud President 
Trump's desires to do that hopefully soon so we can get some of the 
turmoil associated with these important changes to our economy behind

[[Page S2633]]

us and restore stability in our economy and our everyday lives.
  I anticipate the next 100 days will bring equally significant 
achievements, and I feel deeply privileged to work alongside this 
administration and this President.
  I served 14 years in the Wyoming Legislature, all with Democrat 
Governors. I have served 12 years in the Congress, all with Democrat 
Presidents. This is the first time in my entire life that I have 
legislatively served with a President of my own party. It is 
refreshing, it is delightful, and it is even, on occasion, fun.
  I feel so privileged to be here with a Republican President who is 
delivering meaningful results to the people of Wyoming and our great 
Nation.
  I yield the floor.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Democratic whip.
  Mr. DURBIN. Mr. President, the jury is in. At the end of 100 days, 
the major polling firms across the United States went out and asked the 
American people: So what do you think? What is your impression of this 
new President? What is your impression of the MAGA agenda?
  The results that came back don't surprise me, but they might surprise 
some. Overwhelmingly, on every major issue that this administration has 
taken a position, the American people have said: We don't like it. We 
are not happy with what is happening in this country today.
  After all the promises in the last political campaign about dealing 
with the cost of living for ordinary Americans, there is little or no 
progress to be shown for the 100 days of President Trump.
  For 100 days, President Trump and his administration--mainly 
billionaire buddies like Elon Musk--have brought us chaos, wreaked 
havoc, and sowed division. President Trump has undermined the 
Constitution and our system of checks and balances and the rule of law. 
Through it all, I am sad to report that my Republican colleagues have 
remained silent.
  I got a call several weeks ago, before the Easter break, from CEOs of 
major corporations, some in my State and some not. I had not heard from 
them before. Why they called me puzzled me a little bit. What it boiled 
down to was they were desperate for information about the policy 
decisions here in Washington. What did it mean that this President, 
Donald Trump, started a trade war and then announced he was going to 
put it on pause for 90 days? What were they supposed to do in terms of 
the future of their businesses? Were they to assume that the tariff tax 
war had begun, that in order to import key elements and parts to their 
production, they would have to pay tariffs of 10, 20, 30 percent? 100 
percent? What did I know about it?
  I couldn't answer because I didn't know the answer. I am not sure 
anyone knew the answer.
  Somewhere in President Trump's mind is a theory of tariffs that he 
believes is going to make America stronger. These business leaders said 
just the opposite. Because of the uncertainty of these tariffs and the 
uncertainty of our trade relationships, they were going to hold back. 
They couldn't risk it. And that is the reality of what we face today.
  When it comes to specific cases in this administration, it is hard to 
explain how we have reached this point.
  When Kilmar Abrego Garcia, a father who was living legally in the 
State of Maryland with his family, was sent to a terrorist prison in El 
Salvador because of what was said in court to be an ``administrative 
error,'' where was the outrage that this man was treated so unfairly, 
with no evidence except, perhaps, a tattoo that might be connected with 
a gang? There was no evidence that took this man out of the United 
States and put him in a prison in El Salvador.
  Our colleague Senator Chris Van Hollen went down to see him and the 
conditions he is being held in and never came back with a satisfactory 
answer of why this man was being charged with a crime.
  Now, you remember how many times Donald Trump gave speeches at 
rallies, and he said that we are being overrun by murderers and rapists 
and terrorists and mentally ill people who came to this country and 
shouldn't be here, and as a consequence, they were going to change 
things when he was elected President.
  What they changed was to take this Mr. Garcia, living legally in 
Maryland with his family, and, through an administrative error, threw 
him into a hopeless prison in El Salvador. Is that what America is all 
about now? Because he had a surname like ``Garcia,'' we can ignore any 
reference to due process?
  The President went so far as to suggest he would do the same thing to 
an American citizen. Now, of course, he says things which he later 
disavows, but it is outrageous to think a President of the United 
States would suggest that an American citizen, without due process, 
would be relegated to a terrorist prison in a foreign country. The 
American people don't care for that much, and neither do I, because it 
happens to offend this document: the Constitution of the United States.
  Can you imagine an immigrant living here under a protected status 
torn from his home and family for no legally justifiable reason, and 
then the administration says it was an ``administrative error''?
  While the Trump administration continues to avoid facilitating the 
return of Mr. Abrego Garcia as the Supreme Court has ordered him to do, 
Republicans have remained silent.
  It was about 6 weeks ago. There were several key appointees by the 
Trump administration to positions in the Department of Justice. They 
included a Solicitor General and two other Deputy Attorneys General.
  During the course of questioning, I asked these individuals a basic 
question: Do you believe that an executive official can defy a legally 
held court order? I thought the answer was clear: It is no, and it 
should be, whatever the President's party may be. Yet they struggled to 
come up with an answer that suggested maybe, in some cases, it was all 
right to defy a court order.
  We have been through this in America. The case of Brown v. Board of 
Education in 1954 was an effort to integrate schools across America for 
the first time--an extremely controversial decision, and several other 
decisions followed from it. But there was a legal court order for that 
to happen. In order to move forward, you have to start by obedience to 
the court order. You can criticize it within the realm of ethics, and 
you can even appeal it, but you can't ignore it. Yet these officials 
headed for the Trump Department of Justice wanted to equivocate on the 
answer.
  Who came to my rescue on my argument? A Republican Senator from 
Louisiana, John Kennedy, who came in and addressed the three nominees 
and said: Let me make it clear to you--I paraphrase him I think 
accurately--your options with a legal court order are to be critical 
within the bounds of ethics and to appeal the decision if you disagree 
with it, but you have to obey that order or resign your official 
position.
  That was as clear an explanation as I have ever heard. But under the 
Trump administration, they believe they are above the law. Some do.

  Or take Donald Trump's ill-conceived, mindless tariff tax war, which 
I mentioned earlier. Global markets plunged when he came out with his 
proposals in the beginning of April. It wiped out trillions of dollars 
of wealth from the stock market and will cause Americans to suffer from 
higher prices and smaller export markets.
  The advice which many people are giving to those who are worried 
about their IRAs and 401(k)s is: Don't look at it. Don't look at the 
balance. You are going to be too depressed when you see it.
  And it is because of the chaos in the Trump White House when it comes 
to our trade policy and economics. While their constituents saw their 
retirement funds drain and grocery bills skyrocket, sadly, my 
Republican colleagues remained silent.
  Rinse and repeat the cycle. Donald Trump threatens to withhold 
Federal funds from higher education institutions to coerce them to give 
up their constitutional rights. It is hard to imagine--we are talking 
about modern America--that a President of the United States who is 
unhappy with what is being taught at a college or a university 
threatens to remove all of their Federal funding.
  For God's sake, this is a democracy. Freedom of speech is part of 
what we

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admire in this country so much and what is part of our future and our 
past. Yet, when it comes to President Trump, he has decided that if 
they want to teach something that he doesn't care for, whatever it may 
be, they are going to lose Federal funding. That is being tested in 
court.
  The Secretary of Defense violates national security protocol and 
shares classified war plans in a Signal chat that mistakenly includes a 
journalist listening to the conversation. You would think that at least 
one hard-line Republican conservative, some hawk in their ranks, would 
stand up and say: That is wrong, regardless of who the President may 
be. But they didn't. The Republicans remain silent.
  Unelected billionaire Elon Musk and his DOGE brothers gut the Federal 
Government, leading to cuts to lifesaving medical research, Americans 
unable to get their Social Security benefits, and threats to Medicaid. 
What was the response from the Republican side to these outrageous 
developments under the Trump administration? Silence.
  When our Nation's Founders began the lofty task of building our 
democracy, they created a system of checks and balances to ensure a 
stable government and prevent the abuse of power.
  In 1788, James Madison wrote in Federalist Paper 51:

       Ambition must be made to counteract ambition. In framing a 
     government which is to be administered by men over men, the 
     great difficulty lies in this: you must first enable the 
     government to control the governed; and in the next place 
     oblige it to control itself.

  But it seems the ambition of the Republican-controlled legislative 
branch is all but absent as Donald Trump's government goes out of 
control. Never in our Nation's history has a coequal branch of 
government so willfully rolled over and ceded their power. It is, in 
fact, the silence of the lambs.
  The President is testing--and violating--the bounds of our 
Constitution, amassing power for himself as the economy tanks, 
violating the rights of Americans, and destroying our image abroad. My 
congressional Republican colleagues have the power to join us in a 
bipartisan effort to stop it.
  Has it ever happened in history? It did, very graphically, in 
history. Franklin Delano Roosevelt was upset with the Supreme Court and 
its rulings on New Deal programs. He went through a reelection cycle 
and was reelected by a large margin. He then came here to Washington 
and said: My first order of business is to increase the number of men--
all men then--serving on the Supreme Court so that I can finally get 
the rulings that I am looking for on my key elements of the New Deal.
  What was the reaction of the Democratic Congress to the Democratic 
President, Franklin Roosevelt, who wanted to pack the Court? The 
reaction was fierce and it was bipartisan in opposition to FDR and he 
had to drop the plan. Both Democrats and Republicans in Congress 
realized that if a President can control the composition of the Supreme 
Court and its rulings, that we have lost a valuable part of the 
protection of our Constitution.
  My congressional Republicans have the power to join us in a historic 
stand on so many areas that this President has violated. They have 
majorities in both Chambers of Congress, and in private moments many of 
them express outrage and horror at Trump's dangerous abandonment of 
law, norms, and the will of the American people. But as their 
constituents suffer, out of fear of retaliation, Republicans remain 
silent.
  When we are elected Members of Congress, we swear an oath to the 
Constitution, not to any politician or any President. It is time both 
parties remembered that and lived accordingly. So I am coming to the 
floor regularly to highlight the President's latest outrage and the 
GOP's inevitable silence in the face of it. Until they start using the 
voices they were elected to raise, we are going to continue to have a 
pending constitutional crisis in this country.
  I yield the floor.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from Vermont.
  Mr. WELCH. Mr. President, I totally support the comments of the 
minority whip.
  It is 100 days, and it is time to assess. Whatever you may say about 
President Trump and the stated goals, there is an obligation to act 
functionally to achieve those goals. Stating you want an outcome is a 
long way from implementing a plan and executing a plan to achieve it. 
And there is no plan. There is absolutely no plan.
  Let's talk first about DOGE. DOGE is about, supposedly, getting rid 
of waste, fraud, and abuse. Now, there is not a single Member of this 
Congress who is in favor of waste, fraud, and abuse, but if you are 
going to do that, you look at a Department: What is its goal? How is it 
achieving it? Where is it coming up short? You do an assessment, and 
you do a plan.
  What DOGE did was essentially get the personnel list and then send 
out emails to every fifth or sixth person saying: You are fired because 
you did a lousy job.
  So it is not at all on the level. It is not at all on the level. And 
as a result, the real goal becomes revealed. It is not to eliminate 
waste, fraud, and abuse. It is, say, to eliminate USAID. It is to 
eliminate the Department of Education. It is to eliminate the Social 
Security response team. That is what is going on.
  And the challenge for us--and this is bipartisan--is whether we, as 
an independent branch of government, want to look at what is before our 
very eyes and address it or simply ignore it.
  Let's take the other so-called plan that is going to make us rich, 
more revenue than we can ever deal with. And that, of course, is the 
tariffs. The tariffs are going to be seen by historians as the absolute 
worst economic blunder in the last 100 years.
  Whether you are a farmer in Vermont or in Utah or in the Dakotas, 
these tariffs are hammering you. Most of our farmers in the northern 
part of the country, we import our fertilizer and we import, in many 
cases, grain to feed our animals from Canada. This tariff is going to 
hammer farmers who are already contending with what farmers every year 
have to contend with: very tight margins, the will of the weather. This 
is having a real impact on them.
  In Vermont, we had roundtables with people from various industries 
and asked: How are these tariffs going to affect you?
  No. 1, what tariffs? What are they today? Supposedly they were 25 
percent yesterday. Then they are suspended. Then they are back on. They 
apply to this part but not that part. No possibility of anybody making 
a plan in order to run their business.
  But across the board--and, by the way, these are folks who came in 
and are affected by the tariffs. They are not Republicans or Democrats 
or Independents; they are really folks just trying to make a living. 
And they may have their political preferences, but what they are 
talking about is the real-world impact of these crackpot tariffs that 
are on again and off again with the President.
  But some of the folks who spoke: Small business owner Jason 
Levinthal, founder of J Skis, said:

       This is essentially a tax on the consumer.

  Something the administration won't acknowledge itself.
  Mimi Buttenheim, President of Mad River Distillers:

       Tariffs radically affect our manufacturing arm by raising 
     the price of raw materials.

  Jen Kimmich, cofounder of The Alchemist Brewery:

       We don't know how they're going to affect us, we just know 
     they're going to affect us.

  John Lacy, CEO of Burton Snowboards, one of the global enterprises 
founded in Vermont by Jake Burton and Donna Carpenter:

       How can you navigate the playbook if you don't know what 
     the rules of the [road] are?

  It is a fair question, and it is a question that the administration, 
President Trump, feels he has no obligation to answer.
  So this goes on and on. You have got the economic issues, the 
tariffs. You have the attack on the institutions. USAID is a good 
example, and it is a vulnerable target because there is a lot of 
misinformation about USAID. A lot of folks think it is about 25 percent 
of our budget. And I see we have the ranking member of the Foreign 
Affairs Committee here who knows this better than anyone else. It is 
like 1 percent of our budget.
  It creates, first of all, the alleviation of enormous suffering among 
many people who are absolutely starving,

[[Page S2635]]

among many people who need medicine, among many people who need water 
to help with agriculture, to be able to feed themselves. It is 
something that had bipartisan support in this Senate Chamber, with many 
of my Republican colleagues--your colleagues--leading the way for 
America to make a contribution as the greatest and most wealthy Nation 
in the world.
  That was just shut down, literally. Notices went out: You are fired. 
Notices went out: Your program is terminated. Notices went out: Turn 
the ship around and bring the food back.
  And the impact of this on these USAID workers who have dedicated 
their lives to being a representative of our country, doing something 
beneficial in other countries? They just got the termination notice 
that they haven't been doing a good job. Obviously, not on the level.
  But when I think about the cruelty of the way in which this was done; 
that in those warehouses where food is stored, the local population who 
is hired and paid to take the food from the warehouse and deliver it to 
where those starving children needed the food were fired. And we 
literally have food rotting in warehouses rather than nourishing 
families' children.
  The same is true with medicine. We won't deliver it. It is over 
there. It is where it is needed. It can be delivered. But the way in 
which the Trump administration, with Mr. Musk, is proceeding is to 
literally take that food away and take that medicine away rather than 
deliver it. So that is not at all on the level.
  There is not, here, an effort to deal with waste, fraud, and abuse. 
There is an effort here, essentially, to destroy these institutions 
that have served this country. And I just want to state very clearly 
that those of us who are appalled by this conduct are all in favor of 
looking at every program, from SNAP to the Pentagon: How can we do it 
better? How can we get more for less? How can we get the most out of 
the folks who are serving in those organizations? But that is not what 
is going on.
  Then there is the next step: the overreach of power; a lawless, in my 
view--absolutely lawless--abuse of Executive authority. You know, what 
business is it of Donald Trump what the hiring practices are of an 
individual private corporation or firm? It is the business to enforce 
the law, but it is not his business to be able to tell a law firm: We 
will take contracts away. It is not his business to be able to tell a 
law firm: Since you had somebody who represented the government in a 
case against Trump or some Trump person or ally, we are going to punish 
you and not allow you, in fact, into a court building or to get access 
to the secure information that is necessary to defend somebody who is 
in court.
  This is a complete overreach and extension by the President, 
essentially to impose his own will--not enforce the law--but to enforce 
his will as he arbitrarily wishes.
  What sense does it make that because of his vendetta about higher 
education, that instead of addressing those concerns and having 
discussions, he literally takes away billions of dollars of research 
that has gone not just to Harvard, our oldest institution, but the 
University of Alabama, the University of North Carolina where you have 
people who, to our benefit, have dedicated their lives to scientific 
research; that because the United States Government has provided 
support for research and development--we have had cures for terrible 
diseases--but if they don't do what Donald Trump says, he will take 
away grants that actually have legally been transferred to these 
academic institutions--destroying research--destroying research and 
development.
  It is this arbitrary use of power beyond enforcing the law but having 
the Trump vision of what he wants be the law. And this brings me to the 
point that the Minority Whip was making: You know, this is not just a 
question for each of us as a Member of the U.S. Senate to decide, When 
has the Executive overreached? It is about the obligation we have in 
both parties to uphold the constitutional system of checks and 
balances.
  As many people have said, James Madison made the clear point that 
absolute power is the biggest threat. And if it is in any single 
branch, it has the capacity to bring down the entire structure of 
democracy.
  Now why is that important? It is important not just because democracy 
is a form of government we are taught as young people to revere and to 
be proud of, that we have this oldest democracy in the world; it is 
because democracy is the tool by which the citizens in Utah and the 
citizens in Vermont who may have very different points of view on a 
whole number of important issues have that right to have a seat at the 
table to have a discussion about, How do you resolve these differences?
  And if we don't stand up for that, it means there is going to be a 
small circle of well-connected people around President Trump who make 
all those decisions and make it from the framework of what is best for 
them as opposed to what is best for all of us. That is the real threat 
here. That is happening.
  You know, the fact that the President won't acknowledge so many 
failures of just--for beginning the tariff policy, and what we are 
seeing in this economy that is now revolving around this question of 
tariffs and on whom will they be imposed--what you are seeing is that 
if you are Apple computer and you are at the inauguration, you can call 
up the Treasury Secretary, you can call up the President, and you can 
point out that these tariffs are going to have an enormously negative 
impact on Apple.
  But if you are a farmer in Vermont, if you are a snowboard 
manufacturer in Vermont and you don't have Secretary Bessent's 
telephone number on speed dial or the President's, you don't get to 
make that call, and you will have to live with that enormous impact on 
your cost structure and on what you have to charge customers and see 
your market evaporate.
  It is as though the President is transforming the economy we have had 
that has been based on competition--you succeed if you have the best 
product and the best service--into an economy that is based on access.
  Do you have the Treasury Secretary's telephone number so you can make 
your case? Do you have the President's number so you can make your 
case? And who knows what conditions the President imposes on whoever it 
is he is going to give the benefit of his capacity to make an exception 
for you or for your business.
  That is called corruption. And the worst thing that we can do is to 
inject, as a material factor in the way the economy works, a corruption 
that is based on your ability to get special treatment because you have 
made campaign contributions, because you have made certain other 
concessions, because you looked the other way. That is what is 
happening right now.
  You have got an administration that, in the name of waste, fraud, and 
abuse, is destroying institutions. You have got an administration that, 
based on an assertion that tariffs will make us rich, is causing 
inflation, causing enormous business uncertainty, and is, ultimately, 
going to lead us into a recession.
  You have got an administration that has now weaponized the Justice 
Department, the FCC, governmental entities where, yes, they have a very 
important responsibility to enforce the rules and regulations but where 
their targets are cherry-picked for political reasons. And that is very 
damaging to the long-term well-being of our country and our democracy.
  It is time for this Congress to make an assessment of our obligation 
to the citizens we represent. When is enough enough? When has the 
Executive gone too far? When is it that all of us should heed the pleas 
of the businesses, the enterprises in each of our States about this 
chaotic, very destructive tariff policy?
  When is it we will say ``no more'' to an Executive pushing his weight 
around with private law firms, private employers, with our 
universities, and telling them unless they do it his way, they will pay 
an enormous price in lost governmental funding or access to things that 
they need?
  Mr. President, in my view, 100 days of giving a lot of rope and a lot 
of license to the Executive is 100 days too many, but it is not too 
late for us, as Congress, to stand up for the separation of powers, the 
balance of powers, and the prerogatives of the United States Senate and 
the United States Congress.
  I yield the floor.

[[Page S2636]]

  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from New Hampshire.
  Mrs. SHAHEEN. Mr. President, 100 days ago, our Nation was safe and 
our economy was considered the envy of the world. We had disease 
surveillance programs that were in place to stop the spread of deadly 
viruses like Ebola, no matter where they broke out in the world, and 
the security contracts at detention camps that have been filled with 
ISIS fighters were still being paid.
  And if our Nation was attacked by a foreign enemy or if we were 
thrown into a global pandemic or even a global economic crisis, our 
allies had our backs. They had our backs because they knew that in 
their darkest hour, the United States would stand with them.
  Then, unfortunately, the Trump administration took over, and in 100 
days, this administration has undone six decades of investments that 
have made the United States more respected and influential than any 
other nation.
  The administration and the President have raised and lowered and 
raised and lowered tariffs against some of our closest allies and 
neighbors, spiking costs for Americans and hurting our manufacturers 
and the defense industry.
  Instead of the promised golden age of America or golden age of 
prosperity and lower prices, of safety and security, of our enemies 
bowing to our demands, the resulting chaos has left us weaker and more 
vulnerable. From global financial markets to New Hampshire 
supermarkets, consumers and businesses aren't sure what to expect.
  They are looking at higher prices, at layoffs, at longer wait times, 
and at uncertainty, which many businessowners I have talked to tell me 
it is just as bad as higher tariffs because they don't know what to 
expect, and they can't plan.
  I recently met with a New Hampshire company called New Hampshire Ball 
Bearings. It is a company that makes bearings for the aerospace 
industry, and they do a lot of business with our Department of Defense.
  They are concerned because once the tariffs were announced, their 
only domestic steel manufacturer has increased its cost to be 
equivalent to what out-of-state companies--out-of-country companies are 
charging.
  But worse than that, they said that their lead time for steel that 
they use for the aerospace industry and for our Department of Defense 
has gone from 20 weeks to 2\1/2\ years. I mean, think about that. The 
lead time to get the steel they need to make the ball bearings has gone 
from 20 weeks--which is a long time in and of itself--but now it is 
2\1/2\ years because of the tariffs.
  And the administration's attacks against U.S. research and academic 
institutions, against our international students, have also caused 
serious damage to our reputation as a global hub for STEM talent, not 
to mention those students who are graduating from our colleges and 
universities who we want to attract to stay in the United States 
because they are the next generation of talent.
  The policies of this administration have left us more vulnerable to 
the spread of deadly diseases like Marburg and Ebola. They have 
crippled our response to disasters like hurricanes in the Caribbean, as 
we enter what is expected to be an active hurricane season.
  And just today, the Secretary of Defense said he would end the Women, 
Peace, and Security program at the Department of Defense. Now, he 
mistakenly said this was a program that was put in place by the Biden 
administration. That is not true. He didn't even--he wasn't even 
concerned enough to go back and look at the history.
  This is legislation, and it is a law--it is not a rule--it is a law 
that we passed in 2017 during the first Trump administration. I know 
because I sponsored it. The House sponsor was our current Secretary of 
Homeland Security Kristi Noem. It had support from our current National 
Security Adviser, former Congressman Waltz, and it was bipartisan 
legislation.
  It is not some DEI program--some program that is designed to provide 
women an advantage in the Department of Defense. What it is is a 
program that gives us a security advantage.
  Every combatant commander who has come through my office has 
highlighted the strategic advantage that this program gives to our U.S. 
forward deployed forces, and it gives us that advantage because our 
adversaries don't have this kind of program.
  One of the reasons we passed it in the first place is because what we 
know from the data is that when women are at the table in a negotiation 
to end conflict, that the negotiations that are agreed to have a better 
than 30-percent chance of lasting 15 years or longer because women are 
at the table.
  It is an advantage that it gives us because China and Iran and North 
Korea and Russia don't have that role for women in their military. What 
Secretary Hegseth's action has done is not only showed his ignorance, 
but is now putting our military at a disadvantage because of that 
ignorance.
  Now what these kind of actions do is to create opportunities for our 
adversaries to gain influence. It is not just giving Vladimir Putin the 
chance to keep stringing along American negotiators, to continue to 
play President Trump as he is trying to secure a Ukraine peace deal, 
but across the globe, China is stepping in everywhere the United States 
is retreating.
  After the earthquake in Myanmar, the Chinese Embassy flooded social 
media with images of Chinese rescue workers responding to crises, 
instead of the United States because we weren't there at all because 
the three people we sent to assess the damage to see what we needed to 
do to help were fired while they were in Myanmar trying to figure out 
what we can do to help that situation.
  So China's image is being bolstered at our expense.
  Across Africa and Latin America, Chinese Ambassadors are giving 
interviews focused on the unreliability of the United States as a 
partner. They are inviting local officials to all-expense-paid trips to 
Beijing to discuss further cooperation.
  China is now replacing a canceled American program for child 
nutrition in Cambodia, and Beijing just announced an early childhood 
project in Rwanda, where the United States recently cut our program.
  They are even moving in, picking up the PEPFAR Program that we have 
walked away from in Africa, after saving millions of lives. These cuts 
represent a serious strategic error on behalf of the United States 
because for less than 1 percent, about 1 percent of our annual budget, 
America has been able to build partnerships around the globe that have 
reduced the threat of illness and the spread of disease, including here 
at home, because thanks to these programs around the world, we have 
nearly eradicated polio, we have cut malaria deaths by half, and we 
have saved 25 million lives from HIV/AIDS. And these successes 
strengthen America's reputation on the global stage, they help counter 
our adversary's influence, and they help us here at home, because it 
means that diseases like bird flu don't reach America's shores, where 
they are now. It means that we can track those diseases.
  So whether it is through its mismanaged trade war or deliberate 
weakening of U.S. standing overseas, the administration is facilitating 
China's global rise. That is why, as the ranking member of the Senate 
Foreign Relations Committee, I am committed to working with my 
colleagues on both sides of the aisle to preserve the vital programs 
that we need to keep our country safe.
  I am committed to speaking up for American families and small 
businesses that have been shouldering the burden of higher costs 
because of President Trump's trade wars.
  So I know he is not listening, but I call on President Trump to 
reverse course, to spend the next 100 days fulfilling the promises that 
he made during his campaign--promises to make our Nation safer, to make 
it more secure, to make it more prosperous.
  I yield the floor.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from Connecticut.
  Mr. BLUMENTHAL. Mr. President, I am honored to follow the ranking 
member on the Foreign Relations Committee and to be followed by another 
distinguished member of that same committee and to focus on these first 
100 days.
  The focus on the first 100 days of an administration, I think, comes 
from

[[Page S2637]]

the time of Franklin Roosevelt and his 100 days in the midst of deep 
depression, despondency, and despair on the part of the American 
people, and the whirlwind of activity that he brought to addressing our 
Nation's depression.
  And there are dramatic differences between those 100 days and the 100 
days we have seen from President Trump. First and foremost, our economy 
was at near full employment, at a time of solid prosperity, 100 days 
ago, and we are now sliding toward exactly the kind of economic 
downturn that F.D.R. helped to address.
  Second, in those first 100 days of the Roosevelt administration, 
there was a whirlwind of congressional activity, inspired by the 
President, with his proposals for new Agencies and programs and 
investments. Congress was a partner. In this administration, President 
Trump has acted unilaterally by Executive order--illegally, 
unconstitutionally, and unchecked, except by courts that have been a 
bulwark.
  In those first 100 days of the Roosevelt administration, F.D.R. 
appealed to our ``better angels,'' our willingness to give back, to be 
generous to our fellow Americans. He later inspired us with the call to 
``a rendezvous with destiny.'' In this administration, which is plagued 
with corruption, crypto theft, and Musk exploitation of Agencies, it is 
a downward spiral, a race to the bottom in an appeal to self-indulgence 
and self-enrichment.
  There are many, many other differences, but the whirlwind of activity 
here has produced chaos. That is the operative word: chaos. The turmoil 
and turbulence have produced confusion and, yes, anxiety, deep fear, 
and apprehension about the future of this country. And the poll numbers 
only reflect not only the downward spiral of our economy but of our 
confidence in the future.
  This administration has been cruel, and it has been dumb. It is 
unmatched for its meanness and stupidity--the harm and hurt done to 
everyday Americans in real life and realtime; the harm in tariffs 
already having effect on the uncertainty of businesses about the 
future, their inability to plan, to invest in new manufacturing, and 
the fear of people that they will be jobless and lose the dignity of 
work and be hit with higher prices for everything from groceries to 
gasoline, to housing; the harm done in healthcare already, our 
federally qualified health centers deprived of funding, NIH research 
grants for curing cancer, for diabetes or hypertension canceled or 
frozen; in education, the uncertainty and loss of funding for special 
education and other programs that benefit children and the neediest and 
most vulnerable of our districts, in rural areas as well as urban; and, 
of course, the damage to our fundamental freedoms, women's reproductive 
freedoms, the suspension of title X grants, and the assault on women's 
healthcare--other freedoms: the basic due process of people who should 
have a right to receive notice and the opportunity to be heard before 
they are deported, before they are detained, before they are imprisoned 
or put on a plane to be imprisoned out of the country.
  Basic fairness and due process rights that involve also the President 
intimidating law firms with threats that they will be denied access to 
security clearances or even to go on to governmental property, and 
intimidation and threatening our universities, supposedly in the name 
of anti-Semitism--nobody hates anti-Semitism more than I do, but I 
despise using anti-Semitism as a pretext or a guise simply to attack 
people or institutions because they disagree with a public official.
  We live in a time when the rule of law is under threat, perhaps as 
never before in my lifetime, and the cause of freedom, all around the 
world, is in jeopardy. Ukraine has been betrayed. This Nation has 
switched sides to the enduring and deep detriment of our standing in 
the world, our reliability as a partner and ally. The harm may be 
irreparable.
  We must stand with Ukraine. We now have more than 60 cosponsors of a 
Russia sanctions bill that I have been proud to lead with Senator 
Graham--it is bipartisan, evenly divided in cosponsorship--to send a 
message to Vladimir Putin: We are going to hit you, and we are going to 
hit you hard economically if you continue to stall and string along 
America, if you continue to play the President.
  But Donald Trump has been a seemingly willing partner in being played 
by Vladimir Putin, his bro, his role model, perhaps.
  Nobody has a stronger right to claim credit for preserving our 
freedoms in the past and now than our veterans, and they have been 
betrayed by this administration. For our veterans, it has been 100 days 
of chaos, of cruelty, stupidity, anxiety on their part, and 
apprehension, and 100 days of decisions made about their healthcare and 
their benefits. They were promised healthcare, and they were promised 
benefits. And now this administration is breaking those promises, not 
by coming to Congress and asking for a rescission or changing the PACT 
Act, which we passed in a bipartisan way, but simply by firing the 
people who were supposed to approve those claims for PACT Act benefits 
for veterans who have been exposed to toxic chemicals or burn pits.
  And this is an administration that has fired already 2,500 of those 
dedicated VA employees, close to one-third of them veterans themselves, 
thousands from the Federal workforce, generally, close to 30 percent of 
them are veterans as well. And make no mistake, every one of these days 
has been a time of crisis for those veterans. Since day one, the 
administration has systematically shortchanged and betrayed veterans 
with its policies.
  They have not only fired that 2,500 in reckless mass terminations of 
probationary employees--our young workforce, starting out on jobs, our 
VA future, and some of them dedicated multiyear employees who have just 
been promoted and, therefore, are in those new positions on a 
probationary basis. They have been promoted because they were good at 
their jobs and dedicated and hard-working, and they have been fired.
  That is why I have proposed the Putting Veterans First Act, which 
would put those veterans back on the job--all of them from the VA--and 
put those veterans back on the job from the Federal workforce, and make 
sure that anybody who is terminated in the future gets a right to a 
personal, individual evaluation, and not just fired because Elon Musk 
wants to meet certain numbers or apply an algorithm or have his tech 
bros pick out randomly, arbitrarily names from the list.
  There are 83,000 of those VA jobs on the chopping block. The approach 
of this Secretary of the VA, of Elon Musk, and Donald Trump is ``Fire 
first, plan later''; ``Fire first, evaluate later.''
  I am disappointed that so many of my Republican colleagues are 
seeking to minimize or diminish the human impacts of these cuts, 
because I am hearing from veterans, just as I am from people in 
Connecticut and all around the country.
  I went to Michigan just last week to talk to folks there. Those human 
impacts are heartbreaking because these actions are heartless, and they 
are impactful not only on the incomes of these people but on their 
self-worth, their sense of dignity. They have devoted their lives to 
caring for veterans, and now, with the sweep of a hand, they get the 
back of a hand from Elon Musk, who has never ever even thought about 
wearing the uniform of the U.S. military.
  These human impacts include world-class researchers who are looking 
into how to predict stroke risk among veterans; enrollment of veterans 
into clinical trials for advanced cancer delayed because of the VA's 
hiring freeze; openings for new clinics that have been delayed because 
the VA can't hire the necessary staff to open their doors; the VA 
mental health staff forced to conduct counseling sessions in open 
cubicles without privacy, basic privacy, for the veterans who are 
talking about their innermost doubts and fears; service lines at VA 
hospitals and clinics that have been halted; beds in operating rooms at 
VA facilities that have been suspended. We are hearing about VA supply 
teams now understaffed and behind on placing critical supply requests 
for medication and equipment; support lines for caregivers that have 
been reduced; Veterans Crisis Line employees fired and, after a public 
backlash, maybe some rehired, as we heard today in a hearing of the 
Veterans Affairs' Committee. But the impact is enduring because suicide 
prevention has to be done in the moment, and suicide

[[Page S2638]]

prevention training sessions have been postponed or canceled.
  Earlier this month, the Secretary announced he will be abruptly 
canceling the VA Servicing Purchase Program, known as VASP, on May 1. 
Now, I know very few of my colleagues have heard about VASP, but it is 
a program that enables veterans to get some very temporary, short-term 
help so they can avoid eviction from their homes and the homelessness 
that we are all ashamed to acknowledge continues to exist in the 
greatest country in the history of the world.
  Our veterans are on the streets without shelter because they lack 
homes, and here is a program designed to keep them in their homes, and 
the Secretary is canceling it.
  With housing more unaffordable than ever and veterans losing their 
jobs, I am at a loss--total, absolute loss--to understand how he can 
cancel a critical program that helps veterans undergoing financial 
hardship to stay in their homes.
  I challenge the Secretary of the VA; I challenge the President of the 
United States; I challenge my colleagues across the aisle: Instead of 
saying yes blindly to Elon Musk, when he says ``Slash and trash the VA, 
fire those thousands of people, and end those programs,'' look at them 
not as waste but as an investment.
  Yes, if there is waste, let's eliminate it. But as the national 
commander of the VFW--Veterans of Foreign Wars--said to us in one of 
our hearings, when he was wounded in combat, the surgeon who took the 
shrapnel out of his arm did it with a scalpel; he did not cut the arm 
off with a chain saw. Let's give up Elon Musk's chain saw, and if there 
is waste, do it with a scalpel.
  These first 100 days have been disgraceful and shameful, cruel and 
dumb, deeply un-American. These VA employees are the ones delivering 
healthcare to the people we love and revere.
  To my colleagues across the aisle, I just want to remind you in 
closing that this is a moment that will define you, your career, your 
reputation. It is a moment of profound historic challenges that has 
been recognized with massive marches here in the Nation's Capital, in 
Connecticut, around our State--New London, New Haven, Westport, New 
Britain. I have been to many of them.
  Veterans are one of most powerful voices in our country, and I urge 
them to use those voices and their faces to say: We need the PACT Act. 
We need veterans' healthcare. We need to fulfill our promises.
  As VFW commander Al Lipphardt said at that hearing, apply pressure 
and stop the bleeding.
  These heartless and heartbreaking cuts, firings, freezes are un-
American. My Republican colleagues, who have been almost entirely 
silent, please do the right thing. Our country has made a sacred 
promise. Our duties as Members of Congress is to keep our promises.
  I yield the floor.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER (Ms. Lummis). The Senator from Delaware.
  Mr. COONS. Madam President, in 100 days, in 100 days, what can a 
President accomplish? In the last 100 days, President Trump has made 
Americans less safe, less prosperous, and less free. He has chosen to 
move us in a direction at home and abroad that is the opposite of what 
those who voted for him expected and that is aligned with what those of 
us who worked against him feared.
  What I have heard my whole life, whether in business or in foreign 
policy, as a lawyer or in my community as a local elected official: 
Folks need trust, and they need predictability. Businesses say they 
need predictability in order to decide what to invest in, who to hire, 
where to grow. Other countries around the world say that they need to 
know they can trust us, that they can rely on us. And in the last 100 
days, President Trump has shattered both of them.
  I am going to speak for a few minutes about foreign policy because so 
many of my colleagues in my caucus have stood to talk about the 
disastrous cuts led by Elon Musk and DOGE and the ways they have 
impacted Americans all over the country. But if you think about our 
reputation globally, statement after statement and tweet after tweet by 
President Trump has puzzled, concerned, even alarmed our allies. He is 
going to invade Greenland, a NATO ally. He is going to take back the 
Panama Canal. He is going to take over the Gaza Strip and make it 
``Mara-Gaza.'' He is going to turn Canada into the 51st State.
  One of my Republican colleagues has said: Don't pay so much attention 
to what he says; look at what he does.
  Well, lots of our partners and allies have looked at what he has done 
by imposing tariffs on trusted allies and partners and recoiled.
  An election in Canada last night where Trump was the issue elected a 
new Prime Minister, Mark Carney, who ran on a platform of standing up 
to America, of standing up to Donald Trump.
  Look, folks, the actions he has taken in slashing foreign aid, in 
abandoning decades-old, bipartisan programs around the world that save 
lives and that help other countries to trust us and rely on us, have 
weakened us abroad and created openings for our pacing threat, the 
People's Republic of China.
  I was recently in the Philippines, a nation that faces more natural 
disasters every year than any other country on Earth--more typhoons, 
more earthquakes, more volcanos. For decades, they have relied on the 
United States and the help of USAID, volunteers, nonprofits coordinated 
through our government to respond to these disasters. It has built a 
long and close partnership of trust. Gone.
  I was recently in Taiwan, a country looking to decide whether they 
can rely on us should China make real their threats to reunite Taiwan 
with the mainland by force. Can they trust us?
  Well, what I am going to say is that in 100 days, President Trump has 
shown weakness in Europe and created openings for China.
  We have long relied on a global network of allies and partners to 
keep us safe and strong, to make us prosperous, and to build our role 
in the world. China doesn't have that. They have nervous neighbors, 
client states, countries that can't count on them and view them as 
predatory. Yet now, through the actions of President Trump, Elon Musk, 
and DOGE, and the silence and the collaboration of Republicans in this 
Chamber, even our closest, most trusted allies, like Canada, question 
whether they can count on us.
  Back to the Reagan days, Republicans have talked about ``peace 
through strength.'' What we have seen from Donald Trump in 100 days is 
weakness through chaos.
  One hundred days in, he is not stopping Putin; he is preparing to 
sell out Ukraine and Europe to Putin. One hundred days in, he is not 
deterring Xi Jinping; he is backing down every time he says he is going 
to stand up to him. At the end the day, these first 100 days have shown 
that we are weaker, the world is less stable, and Americans are less 
safe.
  I have to say that 100 days is more than enough time for my 
Republican colleagues to have seen enough, to stand up to this 
President, and to restore the role of this Senate and return our 
position of strength to the world.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Democratic leader.
  Mr. SCHUMER. Madam President, first, I thank my colleagues, the ones 
I have heard so far--Senator Blumenthal, Senator Coons. I know Senator 
Klobuchar will be great as always, as will Senator Baldwin. But I thank 
them all for coming.
  Democrats are holding the floor late tonight to expose the disaster 
of Donald Trump's first 100 days in office. We will be speaking for 
several more hours.
  This week marks the 100th day of Donald Trump's second term as 
President of the United States. It has been 100 days from hell, and 
people are fed up.
  One hundred days in, the legacy of Donald Trump's second term is 
already set: chaos, corruption, costs. It is chaos, one fiasco after 
another. One minute, Donald Trump and his people say one thing, and 
then they say it is the opposite, and then they say something else 
entirely. Nobody ever seems to know which way is up, and many of them 
just lie outright to the American people.
  It is corruption. Donald Trump, Elon Musk, and Republicans are 
highjacking the government, raiding the public's piggy bank, and 
picking the pockets of the American people to enrich themselves. These 
billionaires are using the

[[Page S2639]]

government to even make more money. It is despicable. We have never 
seen anything like it, the level of corruption and self-dealing, in 
America before.
  MAGA grifters are getting rich off meme coins, and the White House 
lawn has been turned into a Tesla dealership. It makes Americans 
cringe. This is not the American way. This has not been a hallmark of 
our history.
  Maybe most of all, it has been 100 days of costs--costs going up and 
up and up because of tariffs; costs to working people because programs 
vital to them--Medicaid, Social Security, Medicare, veterans' benefits, 
housing, SNAP--are being threatened or even already taken away to some 
extent, and it will be a greater extent once we see their 
reconciliation bill.
  So Donald Trump promised a golden age on the day he took the oath of 
office. What Americans are learning instead is it is fool's gold. 
Americans got corrosion, erosion, and rot--corrosion across this 
administration, erosion across this economy, and rot within the 
foundations of our democracy.
  So tonight, Senate Democrats come to the floor to expose this 
administration for what it is: a full-frontal attack against the fabric 
of America, a full-frontal attack on our economy and on people's 
pocketbooks, and a full-frontal attack, finally, on working people in 
the middle class to take away people's Medicaid, their Social Security, 
veterans' care, healthcare, and more--all to give tax cuts to the very 
wealthy.
  Another way to describe this administration: Billionaires win, 
American families lose.
  There is a cabal of very greedy people who run the White House. They 
are rich. They have no understanding of what average Americans go 
through. And they plunder the government, then slash programs we so 
desperately need for average families--all for tax cuts for the rich.
  And there is a second thing they are doing. They are destroying the 
guardrails of government. They are destroying every part of anything 
that opposes them, all so they can take more money away from working 
people and give it to themselves.
  Let's talk about it. First and most urgently, maybe--they are all 
very urgent; that is the only reason I say ``maybe.'' But the first 100 
days of Donald Trump have meant 100 days of rising costs. For months 
before he became President, Trump promised that if elected, costs would 
go down, that America would be affordable again. Well, prices haven't 
gone down. Quite the opposite. Groceries up; gas and energy prices up; 
clothing, cars, homes up.
  What about retirement savings? Down.
  What about consumer confidence? Down. In fact, consumer expectations 
are at their lowest level in over a decade. The stock market is on pace 
for its worst 100 days of any Presidential term since Nixon.
  What happened to Donald Trump bragging about the stock market like he 
always liked to do? There is not much to brag about these days.
  No President in history has promised more on day one and delivered 
less by day 100 than Donald Trump. In record time, the President has 
turned his golden promise into an economic ticking time bomb. It gets 
worse every day. He is trying to call it progress. He says to people: 
Americans won't mind paying more. That is the arrogance of a 
billionaire--the arrogance of a billionaire.
  Thanks to Donald Trump's stupid trade wars--which have failed to rein 
in countries like China--CEOs and small business owners are warning 
about rising prices, empty shelves, disrupted supply chains. We urge 
national retailers to be honest with their constituents, with their 
customers. I urge national retailers, when you post prices online for 
your products, show the consumer exactly how much tariffs are added to 
the total price. Cars would have been X dollars, but now they are X 
plus Y dollars.
  Show it to the American people because it is hurting you, retailers. 
Don't let them blame you. They should be blaming Trump. Be honest with 
your customers. Show them exactly how Donald Trump's tariffs are making 
prices go up. Americans deserve to know who is picking their pockets.
  And smaller businesses shouldn't take a downfall of Donald Trump 
either. His policies are forcing them to an impossible choice: hike 
your prices or risk shutting down your doors.
  On Long Island, a small business owner told me she is losing sleep 
over tariffs. She proudly voted for Donald Trump but told me she is 
seeing her costs rise 30 percent. She is frustrated--frustrated that 
the President she supported put her whole business, which she put 
everything into, at risk.
  Donald Trump's tariffs are a MAGA double whammy. Not only are they 
eating the people's bottom lines, his chaotic approach makes it harder 
for people in businesses to plan ahead at all. If you are a business, 
you don't know what he is going to do 2 weeks from now or 5 weeks from 
now, so you don't spend. You don't build a new plant. You don't hire 
the new worker. Small businesses have to cut back because they don't 
have a cushion. Every business is getting clobbered by Donald Trump's 
chaotic tariff policies.
  And even if Donald Trump ended Trump's tariffs tomorrow, the damage 
is already done because leaders don't know what he is going to do next.
  It is not just the tariffs, the prices, and recession. Americans are 
worried about the costs of cutting to their healthcare, cutting their 
Social Security, cutting Medicaid. They are going to slash Medicaid.
  I was in six of the Republican districts in New York State last week. 
All six had Democrats, Republicans, Independents frightened to death 
about what will happen if Medicaid is cut. They could lose their jobs. 
Elderly people could be kicked out of nursing homes. Healthcare would 
diminish for everybody.
  And when they are cutting the healthcare of veterans, these people 
who served us are told: ``Go away.''
  And the cruelty with which they are firing people in the VA and other 
Agencies--I know one woman who was a former veteran. She served our 
country, risked her life, got injured. She was helped by the VA, then 
decided to work there. She saw the good work they were doing. She loved 
her job. She didn't get paid that much, but she loved helping her 
fellow veterans.
  One night, Friday night, she comes home and on her computer is: You 
are fired. Don't show up to the office until further notice.
  This woman was distraught. Why was she fired? What did she do wrong? 
What of her services serving the veterans at the Buffalo VA home--what 
services were not needed, were superfluous, were waste? There were 
none. She was just cruelly fired.
  Only an administration that exhibits a meanness--almost a 
viciousness--would do it. But that is what Trump, DOGE, and Musk and 
all their henchmen who work there are doing.
  This is just a terrible, terrible 100 days for anyone who depends on 
Medicaid. And that is a huge number--tens of millions of people in 
America.
  And there is also chaos in so many other places. Every single day, 
Donald Trump's administration lurches from one crisis to the next. For 
all their talk of bringing back meritocracy, their administration seems 
addicted to chaos and incompetence--hardly meritocratic. Every day, 
there is a new decision, new reversal, new course correction, only to 
give way the next day to whatever impulsive decision comes next.
  Tariffs are a great example. One day he says yes to tariffs. The next 
day he says: No, I am negotiating with countries. Oh, no, maybe I am 
not. This tariff is going to stay in place. This one will be reduced. 
Then he flips it.
  Again, no sound businessperson is going to plan ahead. That is why, 
not Democrats, but places like the big banks and big analysts say 
chances of a recession could be as high as 60 percent.
  What does a recession mean to the average family? You could get laid 
off. If you need to find a job, it is harder. Costs go up. Stagflation 
is likely to occur. It is nasty, brutal to people.
  So chaos is there; and chaos, of course, is in foreign policy. I was 
amazed last week on one day when Donald Trump was over at the Vatican, 
he says he had a great talk with Putin and acted like there was going 
to be a deal. Next day, he says: I had a terrible talk with Putin, and 
he didn't even talk to Putin in between. He makes it up. Whatever he 
thinks will appeal to people that moment, he says. And he

[[Page S2640]]

doesn't even know what appeals to people. It is really what appeals to 
his own ego, which seems to be governing this country more than any 
rational policies or caring.
  The chaos makes Americans' heads spin--firing people who manage our 
nuclear arsenal, then saying: Never mind, oops. But, you know, when you 
fire people, they don't all come back. Of course, their morale is 
shaken. These are good people who worked so hard for so long.
  The long and short of it is this: Donald Trump's 100 days is 100 days 
of corruption, cronyism, of higher costs--much higher costs to the 
American people. It really is awful. The poll numbers show it. But we 
don't need the poll numbers to tell us. We have all been back in our 
districts. We are hearing it. We are not just hearing it from 
Democrats. We are not just hearing it from people who are out on the 
streets protesting. We are hearing it from average folks who don't 
really care about politics but are getting hurt, and it is making them 
look at Donald Trump and say: Whoa, this is not what I bargained for.

  And, of course, last but not least is the threat to our democratic 
republic. He is acting like a King, a mob boss, a wannabe dictator. He 
said he wanted to be a dictator on day one; it looks like he is 
extending it. Any quarter of opposition that might say something in our 
tradition of free speech and debate, he tries to crush--crush the law 
firms, crush the universities, go after the judges which have been a 
foundation of our Republic. The judges are independent and are able to 
stop an executive that is going too far.
  When the Founders drafted our Constitution, they feared a man like 
Donald Trump who sees the rule of law as a nuisance, considers the 
truth an inconvenience, regards his fellow citizens as little more than 
subjects: Kiss the ring, bow before the throne, or watch your back. 
That is the ethos of Donald Trump.
  He has moved with lightning speed to weaponize the Federal Government 
against anyone he thinks might oppose him. He doesn't believe in 
democracy, debate, or honest disagreement. He simply wants to crush his 
opponents. That is what dictators do.
  What is so interesting, Madam President, Americans are as angry about 
that as they are about their higher costs because the roots, Donald 
Trump, of democracy go deep in the American people. And the American 
people will not tolerate--will not tolerate--your disruption, your 
threat, your trying to end, in a sense, our democracy.
  Good news is this: Donald Trump's destructive agenda has one great 
weakness--the American people themselves. Most Americans vehemently 
reject the path which he is trying to take our country on costs, on 
chaos, on corruption, on democracy. The American people are not giving 
up. They are standing up. They are organizing. They are resisting, and 
Democrats are standing with them shoulder to shoulder and with our 
country.
  As America marks the first 100 days of the worst President of our 
lifetimes, I ask Americans to look at this administration for what it 
is--a full frontal attack on the core elements of what makes America 
truly great: The rule of people over kings and oligarchs; the rule of 
law, not the dictates of an authoritarian; respect for the rights of 
all people, respect for all people; and a commitment to promoting the 
general welfare for the whole, not cruel and cheapskate voting.
  Let us commit ourselves, all of us--Democrats here in the Senate--
against this administration and to uphold the core values and 
principles of this beautiful Nation which we must fight to preserve and 
protect.
  I yield the floor.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from Minnesota.
  Ms. KLOBUCHAR. Madam President, it is 100 days since Donald Trump 
took office. I think back to the promises that were made, not just 
during the campaign but the first day. I think of my constituents who 
voted for me and voted for him--who actually believed he was going to 
bring costs down and put them first and do something about housing and 
do something about healthcare and do something about childcare.
  Those were some of the main things they brought up to me. They were 
hoping that would happen. But, instead, we have seen the most divisive, 
chaotic Presidency.
  Yes, chaos is up, corruption is up, costs are up, and, sadly, 
people's retirements are down. Americans are paying the price.
  Trump's tariff taxes, which is especially concerning to those in the 
rural areas of my State who sometimes just get by on a margin--those 
tariff taxes, $4,000 a family, $200 in grocery costs--that is what is 
going to happen. That is what is happening now, and they know it. That 
is why you see these numbers. It is not like the American people 
haven't noticed.
  In his 100 days, President Trump, sadly, has the worst approval 
rating of any President since polling began. Two-thirds of them don't 
like how he is handling the economy. Two-thirds of them, by multiple 
polls, don't like these tariff taxes.
  I was just on a 19-county rural tour in my State. I visited farms and 
small businesses. Everywhere I went, I heard people--some of them 
quieter than others--and I think that is important to know. On TV and 
on social media, you see these big people yelling into a microphone. I 
don't blame them. They are mad; they are sad. That is all. They are 
showing how they feel.
  But there is another group of people maybe are a little quieter. 
Maybe they just tell us--maybe they tell people behind closed doors, 
maybe they show up. They don't know why the person next to them has a 
sign that says ``This is not normal.''
  I heard a farmer ask this woman: Why do you have that sign? She said: 
Because it is not normal. He said: I am normal. And she said: This is 
not normal.
  They are showing up because they cannot believe what is happening.
  Here is the problem. Some of the biggest entities, the big 
companies--Tim Cook, it is good for phones, good for Apple--he is able 
to call the President, go over there. My soybean farmer who relies on a 
market that is quickly dwindling--that already dwindled under the last 
Trump administration--he doesn't have that phone number. He can't get 
over there in the Oval Office. He can't get an exception. Or I doubt 
that the Treasury Secretary has heard about Beth Benike, who runs our 
``Minnesota Small Business Person of the Year'' company, called Busy 
Baby, an online company that gets stuff that she makes into things for 
high chairs for babies--a successful small business. She is not going 
to make it. She wasn't invited by the Treasury Secretary to that secret 
JPMorgan investor meeting. She didn't get in the door. She doesn't know 
what the scoop is. She is just trying to get by.

  Among other things that all my colleagues are hearing right now from 
individuals and people living on fixed incomes and seniors who are 
depending on Social Security and can't get through--one of my 
constituents, when their wife died, he couldn't even get through. He 
tries on email for days, tries to get through, just trying to figure 
out what he does when his wife has died, and he can't find one person 
to talk to in the government and has to call our office. Besides all of 
that horror show, what really people have to understand--people ask me: 
What is the worst thing no one is talking about? It is the small 
businesses, the small ranchers, the small farmers that are the roadkill 
here. They are the ones who do not have the margins.
  In the case of farmers and ranchers, it may be because input costs 
are already difficult, or maybe because of the weather. Or in the case 
of our poultry producers, it may be because of the avian flu and the 
like. But this is just like the last straw that they can't handle. That 
is what is going on right now.
  So if you wonder why these opinion polls are saying what our 
colleagues on the Democratic side here have been saying forever and 
asking our Republican colleagues to stop rubberstamping everything he 
does and to stand up, which did happen on the tariff vote that Senator 
Kaine and I and Senator Warner pushed forward when it comes to Canada--
we are going to have another vote like that, which covers more 
countries when it comes to tariffs--they want people to stand up. They 
don't want any more rubberstamps.
  And the thing that is really galling to them is, when you look at 
what

[[Page S2641]]

these tax breaks will do for the billionaires, and the thought that 
that is being paid for by--as the Congressional Budget Office has said 
when looking at the House numbers, it would be hundreds of billions of 
dollars of cuts to Medicaid or paid for from food assistance, with 
grocery prices up. And people need--and I tell you, they need them in 
the rural areas just as much as they need them in the urban areas. That 
is just the last straw. And from what I have heard, we are going to 
really see the worse of it when you start to not see those goods come 
in.
  So I know that my businesses, big and small, are seeing this coming. 
They are stopping investing. You know what that means. When America was 
on this cusp of greatness and we had come from the pandemic--we were 
dealing with inflation; that is true. To me, we were going to the next 
level of problems, which is making sure we had a workforce for the jobs 
we had and that they had housing and that they had childcare. Instead, 
we are going backward.
  We were on the cusp at NIH, with the research and with the 
combination of mapping the human genome and AI and all of these 
incredible innovations that are going on. And as long as we put some 
rules of the road in place, we were in the place to lead in the world 
on some incredible new things. But now we are going backward if we 
don't even have FDA people who can improve the new gadgets and the new 
medical devices. Or if we don't have any rules in place when it comes 
to AI, we are going to go backward, not forward.
  So when I look at these 100 days, I wish for my constituents it 
wasn't so.
  My State is fourth in the country for ag exports. We have 15 Fortune 
500 companies. I know the differences in this economy and how hard it 
is anyway. But when I look at those people showing up at the rural 
smalltown townhalls or showing up at farmers' events and telling me 
what is going on, that is where I realize: This 100 days isn't just 
some campaign brochure. This 100 days isn't just sound bites on social 
media or a post. This is their lives, and we need to stand up for them.
  I yield the floor.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from Nevada.
  Ms. CORTEZ MASTO. Madam President, listening to my colleagues, I am 
reflecting on last year, when President Trump was campaigning in--I 
want to say it was Bozeman, MT--and I remember he said: ``Starting on 
day one,'' in his administration, he said, ``we will end inflation and 
make America affordable again, to bring down the prices of all goods.'' 
That is what he said.
  Well, it has been 100 days since he entered the White House, and here 
is what he has given us so far. His tariffs are increasing costs for 
the average family by more than $4,000 a year. He has slashed billions 
from programs that everyday Americans rely on, including $1 billion for 
mental health care services. He has directed Elon Musk and his 
unqualified, loyalist DOGE team to fire more than 121,000 Federal 
employees who deliver essential services, including everyone from 
firefighters who should be fighting the fires that happened in the West 
to scientists researching cures to deadly diseases.
  Donald Trump is pushing House and Senate Republicans to rubberstamp a 
plan to cut nearly $1 trillion from Medicaid in order to give tax cuts 
to billionaires, and, on top of all of that, he has created endless 
chaos and uncertainty.
  I can go on and on. That is just how much damage President Trump has 
caused to our country in his first 100 days in office. But I want to 
take some time to focus on the impact that his economic agenda is 
having on our small businesses.
  I am from Nevada, where there are almost 300,000 small businesses. 
These are our mom-and-pop shops. They are entrepreneurs. They are the 
lifeblood of our economy and are part of the fabric of every community 
across this country. And it is these small businesses that are bearing 
the brunt of President Trump's destructive tariffs.
  Now, don't get me wrong. I believe that targeted tariffs on our 
adversaries can be a useful tool to protect American jobs and our 
national security. But these blanket tariffs are just the opposite.

  These last 2 weeks, while back home in Nevada, I got a firsthand 
account of what small businesses are dealing with because of these 
tariffs. I have heard concerns and visited with three small business 
owners in Las Vegas: Juanny, Santy, and Kristen--separate business 
owners. All three of these are women-owned shops that serve specialty 
drinks and incredible foods to Nevadans, from coffee and boba to tacos.
  In Vegas, as you may know, travel and tourism are the backbone of our 
economy. When people come to Las Vegas, they don't just visit the 
Strip. They go to Chinatown. They go to the Arts District and all over 
the valley to patronize our small businesses. For many businessowners 
like Juanny, like Santy, and like Kristen, their margins are already 
razor-thin, and tourism is key to meeting their bottom line. But 
because of President Trump's blanket tariffs, we are already seeing a 
decline in visitors coming to Las Vegas.
  Whether people are staying home because they don't have the room in 
their budgets for a vacation or international tourists are choosing 
other destinations, Trump's economic agenda is threatening to crater 
our $2 trillion tourism economy. That hurts small businesses.
  And when they can't keep up because costs are rising because they 
have fewer patrons or because of the higher cost of importing their 
supplies, these small businesses are forced to raise their prices. They 
don't want to have to, but they are forced to raise prices and pass the 
burden on to customers, everyday Americans. It is just unsustainable.
  The same sentiment is echoed in the northern part of our State. In 
Reno, I spoke to Mark. He is a small coffee shop owner who is already 
asking himself how he can continue to navigate everyday operations amid 
this uncertainty. He doesn't want to have to pass higher costs onto his 
customers. But if Trump's erratic tariff agenda continues, he may have 
no choice.
  Trump says Americans must accept short-term pain for long-term gain. 
But what is there to be gained if hard-working Nevadans have to close 
the doors of their businesses?
  I think to myself: If it has only been 100 days, how much damage is 
he going to potentially cause in the next 100 days, in the 1,361 days 
left in his term?
  It has been 100 days, and small businesses across the country may 
soon be faced with having to close up shop. I think about what is going 
to happen to my small business owners, the ones I just talked about: 
Juanny, Mark, Santy, Kristen, and the others. Will they make it through 
the rest of Trump's term? I don't have the answer.
  But I hope, and I ask my Republican colleagues to join me in 
protecting these small businesses and families from these harmful 
tariffs.
  If I am hearing it in my State, I know, my colleagues, you are all 
hearing it in your States as well. So if there is an opportunity to 
work together, please don't rubberstamp Donald Trump's harmful agenda. 
Let's work together so we are actually working on behalf of American 
families and ensuring that these small businesses can keep their doors 
open.
  I yield the floor.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from Wisconsin.
  Ms. BALDWIN. Madam President, I rise today to reflect on the last 100 
days and the unimaginable amount of havoc and harm President Donald 
Trump has caused for Wisconsinites.
  Now, while on the campaign trail and even once in office, the 
President made a staggering number of promises: promises to end wars on 
day one, promises to lower costs at the grocery store on day one, 
promises to make healthcare more affordable. And the list goes on and 
on and on.
  Look, I was on the campaign trail and listening to Wisconsinites at 
the same time as Donald Trump was. And, truly, I get why he was making 
some of these promises. Wisconsin families were facing high prices. 
Workers felt like they were being ripped off by their big-corporation 
employers. Democracy felt broken, as voters' voices were drowned out by 
special-interest money, and people were sick and tired of endless wars. 
Mr. Trump claimed he had the solution.
  Well, so far, he has broken these promises and literally betrayed the 
American people.

[[Page S2642]]

  Here is the kicker: Donald Trump not only broke these promises, but 
many of the things he promised to fix he has actually made worse. 
Grocery bills are up, and I have yet to see even a concept of a 
healthcare plan, while Medicaid coverage for 1 million-plus 
Wisconsinites is on the chopping block to pay for tax breaks for 
billionaires. Wars are raging in Ukraine and Gaza. Billionaires and big 
corporations have a friend in the White House who has their backs. It 
is one of the greatest bait and switches of our time. And, at the end 
of the day, it is Wisconsin families who are paying the price.
  For the last 100 days, I have heard from constituents in all 72 
Wisconsin counties who fear what this administration's actions will 
mean for them and their families.
  I have heard from farmers like Linda in Vernon County, who barely 
survived Donald Trump's first trade war. Family farmers like her are 
scared that they will be put out of business entirely as punishing 
tariffs and new trade wars jack up costs of fertilizer and farming 
equipment, while cutting off access to markets.
  I have heard from folks like Renee in Milwaukee. Renee has stage IV 
breast cancer. Renee is scared that cuts to Medicaid will force her and 
her husband to choose between protecting their life savings--their 
retirement savings--or getting the lifesaving cancer care that she 
needs to stay alive.
  I have heard from veterans like James in southeastern Wisconsin who 
are out of a job because Donald Trump fired them from the only place 
that they have ever felt like they belonged in civilian life: helping 
their fellow veterans at the VA.
  I have heard from so many small businesses, like Lakefront Brewery. 
There was a local roofing contractor in Milwaukee, small retailers, and 
an auto parts seller in Milwaukee who are all considering: Do we have 
to raise our prices? Will our customers be able to afford our prices? 
Or do we have to lay off workers because President Trump's trade war is 
tightening their margins and making it harder to plan for the future?
  I have heard from families from Ozaukee County on Wisconsin's east 
coast to the St. Croix Valley on our western side who have had their 
childcare or food assistance threatened because this President is 
choosing to prioritize tax breaks for his wealthy friends over working 
families.
  Dairy farmers saw millions in funding that they were promised to grow 
their businesses frozen, and Alzheimer's researchers at Wisconsin's 
universities are making do with less because of arbitrary cuts that 
threaten the next breakthrough that would serve our loved ones. Seniors 
accessing their hard-earned Social Security benefits have fewer places 
to turn as field offices shutter and staff is let go.
  Public schools in Milwaukee with children in them who have been 
exposed to lead paint in the schools have fewer resources because 
President Trump fired the very lead hazard experts they relied on at 
the CDC. Imagine that.
  I hear it from constituents every day calling my office. Now, in 
ordinary times, my office would maybe get around 50 to 100 calls a day, 
but regularly, since January, we have passed 1,000 calls a day from 
Wisconsinites. There isn't a corner of our State that hasn't been 
impacted by this President's often illegal, sometimes unconstitutional 
overreach of his Presidential powers.
  These Wisconsinites are not alone. Poll after poll is showing the 
same thing: This President is reaching historically low approval 
ratings. More Americans are giving him an F grade than any other grade.
  It is hard to state all the ways that President Trump's second term 
is already impacting folks in Wisconsin. His actions have made things 
more expensive and the future far less certain, whether you are a 
Wisconsin farmer or small business owner, veteran, senior, or just a 
family looking to make ends meet.
  In January, I said I would work with anyone to deliver for Wisconsin. 
I also promised that I would stand up to anyone who hurts 
Wisconsinites. Those things remain true, and right now our country is 
not on the right course. And Americans agree.
  Wisconsinites want lower costs. Our veterans and farmers want to be 
respected and working families to have a fair shot. Donald Trump's 
chaos isn't delivering any of that, and it is about time Congress steps 
up and acts as a true check and balance on this President before it is 
too late for our economy, working families, and the future of our 
Nation.
  I yield the floor.