    [Congressional Record Volume 171, Number 39 (Thursday, February 27, 2025)]
    [Senate]
    [Pages S1431-S1433]
    From the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]

                             SUBMITTED RESOLUTIONS

                                     ______

    SENATE RESOLUTION 101--AFFIRMING THE THREATS TO WORLD STABILITY FROM A
                NUCLEAR WEAPONS-CAPABLE ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF IRAN

      Mr. GRAHAM (for himself, Mr. Fetterman, and Mrs. Britt) submitted the
    following resolution; which was referred to the Committee on Foreign
    Relations:

                                  S. Res. 101

           Whereas numerous officials of the Islamic Republic of Iran
         have repeatedly made statements against the United States,
         Israel, and their allies and partners, including--

    [[Page S1432]]

           (1) the Supreme Leader of the Islamic Republic of Iran,
         Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, who stated--
              (A) ``As long as America continues its wickedness,
         interference, and savagery, the Iranian nation will not
         abandon `Death to America'.'';
              (B) ``The Zionist regime is a deadly, cancerous growth
         and a detriment to this region. It will undoubtedly be
         uprooted and destroyed'';
              (C) ``We will definitely do everything necessary to
         prepare the Iranian nation for confronting the Arrogant
         Powers, whether militarily, in terms of armament, or
         politically. Our officials are already working on this''; and
              (D) ``The United States of America and the Zionist
         regime will definitely receive a crushing response for what
         they do against Iran and the Resistance Front'';
           (2) an adviser to the Supreme Leader of the Islamic
         Republic of Iran, Kamal Kharrazi, who stated, ``We have no
         decision to build a nuclear bomb but should Iran's existence
         be threatened, there will be no choice but to change our
         military doctrine''; and
           (3) former foreign ministry spokesperson of the Islamic
         Republic of Iran, Nasser Kanani, who stated, ``This action of
         the three European countries [France, Germany and the United
         Kingdom] is the continuation of the hostile policy of the
         West and economic terrorism against the people of Iran, which
         will face the appropriate and proportionate action of the
         Islamic Republic of Iran'';
           Whereas the Islamic Republic of Iran is directly
         responsible for the death and injury of United States
         servicemembers, including--
           (1) between 2005 and 2011, when the Quds Force, a branch of
         Iran's Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps, provided
         explosively formed penetrators to Iranian-backed fighters in
         Iraq and killed 195 United States troops and wounded nearly
         another 900 United States troops;
           (2) since the October 7, 2023, attack on Israel, where
         Iranian-backed proxies have attacked United States troops in
         the region more than 170 times; and
           (3) on January 28, 2024, when an Iranian-backed proxy
         launched a drone that killed 3 United States troops and
         wounded nearly another 40 United States troops stationed at
         Tower 22 in Jordan;
           Whereas the United States Government has reported--
           (1) ``Iran's annual financial backing to Hizballah -- which
         in recent years has been estimated at $700 million --
         accounts for the overwhelming majority of [Hizballah's]
         annual budget'';
           (2) ``Hamas has received funding, weapons, and training
         from Iran''; and
           (3) ``Iran also provides up to $100 million annually in
         combined support to Palestinian terrorist groups, including
         Hamas'';
           Whereas the Islamic Republic of Iran's support to the
         Houthis, including through the provision of ballistic and
         cruise missiles and unmanned weapons systems, has allowed the
         Houthis to carry out attacks against United States partners;
           Whereas, since the Iranian Revolution in 1979, the Islamic
         Republic of Iran has engaged in acts of international
         terrorism and continuously threatened the United States,
         Israel, and their partners and allies;
           Whereas, on January 19, 1984, the United States designated
         the Islamic Republic of Iran as a state sponsor of terrorism
         for repeatedly providing support for acts of international
         terrorism;
           Whereas, on April 11, 2006, the Islamic Republic of Iran
         announced that it had enriched uranium for the first time to
         a level close to 3.5 percent at the Pilot Fuel Enrichment
         Plant in Natanz, Iran;
           Whereas, on December 23, 2006, the United Nations Security
         Council adopted Resolution 1737 (2006), which imposed
         sanctions with respect to the Islamic Republic of Iran for
         its failure to suspend enrichment activities;
           Whereas the United Nations Security Council subsequently
         adopted Resolutions 1747 (2007), 1803 (2008), and 1929
         (2010), all of which targeted the nuclear program of, and
         imposed additional sanctions with respect to, the Islamic
         Republic of Iran;
           Whereas, on February 3, 2009, the Islamic Republic of Iran
         announced that it had launched its first satellite, which
         raised concern over the applicability of the satellite to the
         ballistic missile program;
           Whereas, in September 2009, the United States, the United
         Kingdom, and France revealed the existence of the clandestine
         Fordow Fuel Enrichment Plant in the Islamic Republic of Iran,
         years after construction started on the plant;
           Whereas, on January 28, 2017, the Islamic Republic of Iran
         conducted a test of a medium-range ballistic missile, which
         traveled an estimated 600 miles and provides the Islamic
         Republic of Iran the capability to threaten United States
         military installations in the Middle East;
           Whereas, in 2018, Israel seized a significant portion of
         the nuclear archive of the Islamic Republic of Iran, which
         contained tens of thousands of files and compact discs
         relating to past efforts at nuclear weapon design,
         development, and manufacturing by the Islamic Republic of
         Iran;
           Whereas, on September 27, 2018, Israel revealed the
         existence of a secret warehouse housing radioactive material
         in the Turquz Abad district in Tehran, and an inspection of
         the warehouse by the International Atomic Energy Agency
         (referred to in this preamble as the ``IAEA'') detected
         radioactive particles, which the Government of Iran failed to
         adequately explain;
           Whereas, on June 19, 2020, the IAEA adopted Resolution GOV/
         2020/34, which expressed ``serious concern . . . that Iran
         has not provided access to the Agency under the Additional
         Protocol to two locations'';
           Whereas, on April 17, 2021, the IAEA verified that the
         Islamic Republic of Iran had begun to enrich uranium to 60
         percent purity;
           Whereas, on August 14, 2021, the former President of the
         Islamic Republic of Iran, Hassan Rouhani, stated, ``Iran's
         Atomic Energy Organization can enrich uranium by 20 percent
         and 60 percent and if . . . our reactors need it, it can
         enrich uranium to 90 percent purity'';
           Whereas, on April 17, 2022, the Islamic Republic of Iran
         confirmed the relocation of a production facility for
         advanced centrifuges from an aboveground facility at Karaj,
         Iran, to the fortified underground Natanz Enrichment Complex;
           Whereas, on April 19, 2022, the Department of State
         released a report stating there are ``serious concerns''
         about ``possible undeclared nuclear material and activities
         in Iran'';
           Whereas, on May 30, 2022, the IAEA reported that the
         Islamic Republic of Iran had achieved a stockpile of 43.3
         kilograms (95.5 pounds) of 60 percent highly enriched
         uranium, roughly enough material for a nuclear weapon;
           Whereas, on June 8, 2022, the Islamic Republic of Iran
         turned off surveillance cameras installed by the IAEA to
         monitor uranium enrichment activities at nuclear sites in the
         country;
           Whereas, on July 14, 2022, in The Jerusalem U.S.-Israel
         Strategic Partnership Joint Declaration, which was signed
         between President Biden and Israel, the United States
         stressed its commitment ``never to allow Iran to acquire a
         nuclear weapon, and that [the United States] is prepared to
         use all elements of its national power to ensure that
         outcome'';
           Whereas, on July 27, 2022, the head of the Atomic Energy
         Organization of Iran, Mohammad Eslami, announced that the
         Islamic Republic of Iran is building a new nuclear reactor at
         the Isfahan Nuclear Technology Center, which will be one of
         the largest nuclear facilities in Iran;
           Whereas, on December 2, 2022, IAEA Director General Rafael
         Mariano Grossi stated, ``Iran informed us they were tripling
         . . . their capacity to enrich uranium at 60 percent, which
         is very close to military level, which is 90 percent'';
           Whereas, on January 25, 2023, Director General Grossi
         stated, ``One thing is true: [the Islamic Republic of Iran
         has] amassed enough nuclear material for several nuclear
         weapons'';
           Whereas, on February 27, 2023, the IAEA reported that the
         Islamic Republic of Iran had enriched uranium to 83.7
         percent, which is just short of the 90 percent threshold for
         weapons-grade fissile material;
           Whereas, on September 4, 2023, an IAEA report estimated the
         total uranium stockpile of the Islamic Republic of Iran to be
         3795.5 kilograms (8367.65 pounds) and that the Islamic
         Republic of Iran has enough fissile material, that if further
         enriched, would be sufficient to produce several nuclear
         weapons;
           Whereas, on October 18, 2023, United Nations Security
         Council Resolution 2231 (2015) lapsed and many proliferation-
         related penalties and restrictions were lifted, allowing the
         Islamic Republic of Iran to test or transfer ballistic
         missiles, which may contribute to the further development of
         a nuclear weapon delivery system;
           Whereas, on December 28, 2023, the governments of the
         United States, France, Germany, and the United Kingdom
         jointly declared, ``The production of high-enriched uranium
         by Iran has no credible civilian justification. These
         decisions demonstrate Iran's lack of good will towards de-
         escalation and represent reckless behavior in a tense
         regional context . . . Iran must fully cooperate with the
         IAEA to enable it to provide assurances that its nuclear
         program is exclusively peaceful.'';
           Whereas, on February 27, 2024, a spokesperson for the
         Department of State stated, ``We remain seriously concerned
         about Iran's continued expansion of its nuclear program in
         ways that have no credible civilian purpose, including its
         continued production of highly enriched uranium'';
           Whereas, on June 3, 2024, Director General Grossi stated,
         ``Many countries have said if Iran gets nuclear weapons, they
         will do the same. Adding nuclear weapons to the cauldron of
         the Middle East is a very bad idea.'';
           Whereas, on June 5, 2024, by a vote of 20 to 2, the United
         States joined other nations in formally censuring the Islamic
         Republic of Iran for advances in their nuclear program and
         failure to cooperate with the IAEA;
           Whereas, on June 18, 2024, it was reported that
         intelligence agencies of the United States and Israel were
         looking into information that the Islamic Republic of Iran
         may have developed a computer model that could be used for
         research and development of nuclear weapons;
           Whereas, on July 23, 2024, the Office of the Director of
         National Intelligence published an assessment, in accordance
         with Iran Nuclear Weapons Capability and Terrorism Monitoring
         Act of 2022 (22 U.S.C. 8701 note; Public Law 117-263), which
         stated, ``Iran continues to increase the size of its uranium
         stockpile, increase its enrichment capacity,

    [[Page S1433]]

         and develop, manufacture, and operate advanced centrifuges.
         Tehran has the infrastructure and experience to quickly
         produce weapons-grade uranium, at multiple facilities'';
           Whereas, on November 28, 2024, the Islamic Republic of Iran
         informed the IAEA that it planned to start enriching uranium
         with thousands of advanced centrifuges at its Fordow and
         Natanz plants, while also installing more uranium-enriching
         centrifuges at those locations;
           Whereas, on December 5, 2024, the Office of the Director of
         National Intelligence published another assessment, in
         accordance with Iran Nuclear Weapons Capability and Terrorism
         Monitoring Act of 2022 (22 U.S.C. 8701 note; Public Law 117-
         263), which stated--
           (1) ``Iran's 20-percent and 60-percent enriched uranium
         stockpiles are far greater than needed for what it claims it
         will use the uranium for and Iran could produce more than a
         dozen nuclear weapons if its total uranium stockpile were
         further enriched''; and
           (2) ``Iran probably will consider installing or operating
         more advanced centrifuges, further increasing its enriched
         uranium stockpile, enriching uranium up to 90 percent, or
         threatening to withdraw from the Treaty on the
         Nonproliferation of Nuclear Weapons'';
            Whereas, on December 9, 2024, France, Germany, and the
         United Kingdom released a joint statement that--
           (1) condemns ``Iran's latest steps . . . to expand its
         nuclear programme to significantly increase the rate of
         production of uranium enriched up to 60 percent'';
           (2) expresses extreme concern ``to learn that Iran has
         increased the number of centrifuges in use and started
         preparations to install additional enrichment
         infrastructure''; and
           (3) ``strongly urge[s] Iran to reverse these steps, and to
         immediately halt its nuclear escalation''; and
           Whereas, on February 26, 2025, the IAEA reported that the
         Islamic Republic of Iran had increased its total stockpile of
         60 percent highly enriched uranium to 274.8 kilograms (605.83
         pounds), which, if further enriched, would be sufficient to
         produce 6 nuclear weapons: Now, therefore, be it
           Resolved, That the Senate--
           (1) affirms that the Islamic Republic of Iran's continued
         pursuit of a nuclear weapons capability is--
           (A) a credible threat to the United States; and
           (B) an existential threat to Israel and other allies and
         partners in the Middle East;
           (2) asserts all options should be considered to address the
         nuclear threat the Islamic Republic of Iran poses to the
         United States, Israel, and our allies and partners;
           (3) demands the Islamic Republic of Iran to immediately
         cease engaging in any and all activities that threaten the
         national security interests of the United States, Israel, and
         our allies and partners, including--
           (A) enriching uranium;
           (B) developing or possessing delivery vehicles capable of
         carrying nuclear warheads; and
           (C) developing or possessing a nuclear warhead.

         SEC. 2. RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.

           Nothing in this resolution may be construed to authorize
         the use of military force or the introduction of United
         States Armed Forces into hostilities.

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