[Congressional Record Volume 171, Number 24 (Wednesday, February 5, 2025)]
[Senate]
[Pages S794-S797]
From the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]




          STATEMENTS ON INTRODUCED BILLS AND JOINT RESOLUTIONS

                                 ______
                                 
      By Mr. THUNE (for himself and Mr. Risch):
  S. 449. A bill to amend the Healthy Forests Restoration Act of 2003 
to require the Secretary of Agriculture to expedite hazardous fuel or 
insect and disease risk reduction projects on certain National Forest 
System land, and for other purposes; to the Committee on Agriculture, 
Nutrition, and Forestry.
  Mr. THUNE. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that the text of 
the bill be printed in the Record.
  There being no objections, the text of the bill was ordered to be 
printed in the Record, as follows:

                                 S. 449

       Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of 
     the United States of America in Congress assembled,

     SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

       This Act may be cited as the ``Expediting Forest 
     Restoration and Recovery Act of 2025''.

     SEC. 2. APPLICATION BY FOREST SERVICE OF AUTHORITIES TO 
                   EXPEDITE ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSES IN CARRYING OUT 
                   HAZARDOUS FUEL AND INSECT AND DISEASE RISK 
                   REDUCTION PROJECTS.

       Section 104 of the Healthy Forests Restoration Act of 2003 
     (16 U.S.C. 6514) is amended by adding at the end the 
     following:
       ``(i) Application by Forest Service of Authorities to 
     Expedite Environmental Analyses in Carrying Out Hazardous 
     Fuel and Insect and Disease Risk Reduction Projects.--
       ``(1) Definitions.--In this subsection:
       ``(A) Insect and disease treatment area.--The term `insect 
     and disease treatment area' means an area that--
       ``(i) is designated by the Secretary as an insect and 
     disease treatment area under this title; or
       ``(ii) is designated as at-risk or a hazard on the most 
     recent National Insect and Disease Risk Map published by the 
     Forest Service.
       ``(B) Secretary.--The term `Secretary' has the meaning 
     given the term in section 101(14)(A).
       ``(2) Use of authorities.--In carrying out a hazardous fuel 
     or insect and disease risk reduction project authorized under 
     this Act in an insect and disease treatment area, the 
     Secretary shall--
       ``(A) apply the categorical exclusion established by 
     section 603 if the project is carried out in an insect and 
     disease treatment area--
       ``(i) designated as suitable for timber production within 
     the applicable forest plan; or
       ``(ii) where timber harvest activities are not prohibited;
       ``(B) conduct applicable environmental assessments and 
     environmental impact statements in accordance with this 
     section if the project is carried out in--
       ``(i) an insect and disease treatment area--

       ``(I) outside of an area described in subparagraph (A); or
       ``(II) where other significant resource concerns exist, as 
     determined exclusively by the Secretary; or

       ``(ii) an insect and disease treatment area equivalent to 
     not less than a Hydrologic Unit code 5 watershed, as defined 
     by the United States Geological Survey; and
       ``(C) notwithstanding subsection (d), in the case of any 
     other hazardous fuel or insect and disease risk reduction 
     project, in the environmental assessment or environmental 
     impact statement prepared under subsection (b), study, 
     develop, and describe--
       ``(i) the proposed agency action; and
       ``(ii) the alternative of no action.
       ``(3) Priority for reducing risks of insect infestation and 
     wildfire.--Except where established as a mandatory standard 
     that constrains project and activity decisionmaking in a 
     resource management plan (as defined in section 101(13)(A)) 
     in effect on the date of enactment of this Act, in the case 
     of an insect and disease treatment area, the Secretary shall 
     prioritize reducing the risks of insect and disease 
     infestation and wildfire over other planning objectives.
       ``(4) Inclusion of fire regime group iv.--Notwithstanding 
     section 603(c)(2)(B), the Secretary shall apply the 
     categorical exclusion described in paragraph (2)(A) to areas 
     in Fire Regime Group IV.
       ``(5) Excluded areas.--This subsection shall not apply to--
       ``(A) a component of the National Wilderness Preservation 
     System; or
       ``(B) an inventoried roadless area, except in the case of 
     an activity that is permitted under--
       ``(i) the final rule of the Secretary entitled `Special 
     Areas; Roadless Area Conservation' (66 Fed. Reg. 3244 
     (January 12, 2001)); or
       ``(ii) a State-specific roadless area conservation rule.
       ``(6) Reports.--The Secretary shall annually make publicly 
     available data describing the acreage treated under hazardous 
     fuel or insect and disease risk reduction projects in insect 
     and disease treatment areas during the previous year.''.

     SEC. 3. GOOD NEIGHBOR AUTHORITY.

       Section 8206(b)(2) of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (16 
     U.S.C. 2113a(b)(2)) is amended by striking subparagraph (C) 
     and inserting the following:
       ``(C) Treatment of revenue.--Funds received from the sale 
     of timber by a Governor of a State under a good neighbor 
     agreement shall be retained and used by the Governor--
       ``(i) to carry out authorized restoration services under 
     that good neighbor agreement; and
       ``(ii) if funds remain after carrying out authorized 
     restoration services under clause (i), to carry out 
     authorized restoration services within the State under other 
     good neighbor agreements.''.
                                 ______
                                 
      By Mr. PADILLA (for himself, Mr. Sheehy, Mr. Daines, and Mr. 
        Hickenlooper):
  S. 453. A bill to establish a Wildfire Intelligence Center, and for 
other purposes; to the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and 
Forestry.
  Mr. PADILLA. Mr. President, I rise today to introduce the Wildfire 
Intelligence Collaboration and Coordination Act of 2025.
  This legislation would establish a joint wildfire intelligence center 
between the Department of Agriculture, the Department of Commerce, and 
the Department of the Interior to foster

[[Page S795]]

collaboration and increase wildfire response capabilities. The scale, 
size, and intensity for the wildfire crisis demands a singular, whole-
of-government wildfire intelligence center. Such a center could compile 
comprehensive information on wildfires to better inform responses and 
inform wildfire recovery and streamline Federal wildfire response to 
ensure that States have a one-stop-shop within the federal government. 
This center would also increase monitoring and imaging capabilities 
that land management Agencies currently cannot achieve.
  As we have seen with the destruction in Los Angeles, increasingly 
severe and frequent wildfires pose a significant to the whole Western 
United States. In recent years, huge wildfires have struck Alaska, 
Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, Hawaii, and my home State of California. 
Whether the fire was burning in your State or whether the smoke 
traveled and covered the skies of your State, the impacts of wildfires 
cannot be ignored.
  As the West continues to suffer from devastating wildfires year after 
year, we must be proactive, and that includes coordinating across the 
Federal Government to meet the current challenge.
  I look forward to working with my colleagues to pass this necessary 
legislation to better coordinate fire responses and fire preparedness.
                                 ______
                                 
      By Mr. DURBIN (for himself, Mr. Blumenthal, Ms. Klobuchar, Ms. 
        Hirono, Mr. Booker, Mr. Schiff, Mr. Murphy, Ms. Warren, Mrs. 
        Gillibrand, Mr. Schatz, and Mr. Markey):
  S. 468. A bill to amend title 18, United States Code, to require 
federally licensed firearms importers, manufacturers, and dealers to 
meet certain requirements with respect to securing their firearms 
inventory, business records, and business premises; to the Committee on 
the Judiciary.
  Mr. DURBIN. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that the text of 
the bill be printed in the Record.
  There being no objection, the text of the bill was ordered to be 
printed in the Record, as follows:

                                 S. 468

       Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of 
     the United States of America in Congress assembled,

     SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

       This Act may be cited as the ``Safety Enhancements for 
     Communities Using Reasonable and Effective Firearm Storage 
     Act'' or the ``SECURE Firearm Storage Act''.

     SEC. 2. SECURITY REQUIREMENTS FOR FEDERALLY LICENSED FIREARMS 
                   IMPORTERS, MANUFACTURERS, AND DEALERS.

       (a) In General.--Section 923 of title 18, United States 
     Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:
       ``(m) Security Requirements.--
       ``(1) Relation to provision governing gun shows.--This 
     subsection shall apply to a licensed importer, licensed 
     manufacturer, or licensed dealer except as provided in 
     subsection (j).
       ``(2) Firearm storage.--
       ``(A) In general.--A person who is a licensed importer, 
     licensed manufacturer, or licensed dealer shall keep and 
     store each firearm in the business inventory of the licensee 
     at the premises covered by the license.
       ``(B) Means of storage.--When the premises covered by the 
     license are not open for business, the licensee shall, with 
     respect to each firearm in the business inventory of the 
     licensee--
       ``(i) secure the firearm with a hardened steel rod \1/4\ 
     inch thick through the space between the trigger guard, and 
     the frame or receiver, of the firearm, with--

       ``(I) the steel rod secured by a hardened steel lock that 
     has a shackle;
       ``(II) the lock and shackle protected or shielded from the 
     use of a bolt cutter; and
       ``(III) the rod anchored to prevent the removal of the 
     firearm from the premises; or

       ``(ii) store the firearm in--

       ``(I) a locked fireproof safe;
       ``(II) a locked gun cabinet (and if the locked gun cabinet 
     is not steel, each firearm within the cabinet shall be 
     secured with a hardened steel rod \1/4\ inch thick, protected 
     or shielded from the use of a bolt cutter and anchored to 
     prevent the removal of the firearm from the premises); or
       ``(III) a locked vault.

       ``(3) Paper record storage.--When the premises covered by 
     the license are not open for business, the licensee shall 
     store each paper record of the business inventory and firearm 
     transactions of, and other dispositions of firearms by, the 
     licensee at the premises in a secure location such as a 
     locked fireproof safe or locked vault.
       ``(4) Additional security requirements.--The Attorney 
     General may, by regulation, prescribe such additional 
     security requirements as the Attorney General determines 
     appropriate with respect to the firearms business conducted 
     by a licensed importer, licensed manufacturer, or licensed 
     dealer, such as requirements relating to the use of--
       ``(A) alarm and security camera systems;
       ``(B) site hardening;
       ``(C) measures to secure any electronic record of the 
     business inventory and firearm transactions of, and other 
     dispositions of firearms by, the licensee; and
       ``(D) other measures necessary to reduce the risk of theft 
     at the business premises of a licensee.''.
       (b) Penalties.--Section 924 of title 18, United States 
     Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:
       ``(q) Penalties for Noncompliance With Firearms Licensee 
     Security Requirements.--
       ``(1) In general.--
       ``(A) Penalty.--With respect to a violation by a licensee 
     of section 923(m) or a regulation issued under that section, 
     the Attorney General, after notice and opportunity for 
     hearing--
       ``(i) in the case of the first violation or related series 
     of violations on the same date, shall subject the licensee to 
     a civil penalty in an amount equal to not less than $1,000 
     and not more than $10,000;
       ``(ii) in the case of the second violation or related 
     series of violations on the same date--

       ``(I) shall suspend the license issued to the licensee 
     under this chapter until the licensee cures the violation; 
     and
       ``(II) may subject the licensee to a civil penalty in an 
     amount provided in clause (i); or

       ``(iii) in the case of the third violation or related 
     series of violations on the same date--

       ``(I) shall revoke the license issued to the licensee under 
     this chapter; and
       ``(II) may subject the licensee to a civil penalty in an 
     amount provided in clause (i).

       ``(B) Review.--An action of the Attorney General under this 
     paragraph may be reviewed only as provided under section 
     923(f).
       ``(2) Administrative remedies.--The imposition of a civil 
     penalty or suspension or revocation of a license under 
     paragraph (1) shall not preclude any administrative remedy 
     that is otherwise available to the Attorney General.''.
       (c) Application Requirement.--Section 923 of title 18, 
     United States Code, is amended--
       (1) in subsection (a), in the second sentence, by striking 
     ``be in such form and contain only that'' and inserting 
     ``describe how the applicant plans to comply with subsection 
     (m) and shall be in such form and contain only such other''; 
     and
       (2) in subsection (d)(1)--
       (A) in subparagraph (F), by striking ``and'' at the end;
       (B) in subparagraph (G), by striking the period at the end 
     and inserting ``; and''; and
       (C) by adding at the end the following:
       ``(H) the Attorney General determines that the description 
     in the application of how the applicant plans to comply with 
     subsection (m) would, if implemented, so comply.''.
       (d) Effective Dates.--
       (1) Initial firearm storage requirements.--Section 
     923(m)(2) of title 18, United States Code, as added by 
     subsection (a), shall take effect on the date that is 1 year 
     after the date of enactment of this Act.
       (2) Initial paper records storage requirements.--Section 
     923(m)(3) of title 18, United States Code, as added by 
     subsection (a), shall take effect on the date that is 90 days 
     after the date of enactment of this Act.
                                 ______
                                 
      By Mr. BARRASSO (for himself, Mr. Bennet, Mr. Hickenlooper, Mrs. 
        Shaheen, Ms. Hassan, Ms. Lummis, Ms. Cortez Masto, Mr. Wyden, 
        Mr. Risch, Mr. Crapo, Mr. Daines, and Mr. Sheehy):
  S. 472. A bill to amend the Omnibus Parks and Public Lands Management 
Act of 1996 to provide for the establishment of a Ski Area Fee 
Retention Account, and for other purposes; to the Committee on Energy 
and Natural Resources.
  Mr. BARRASSO. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that the text of 
the bill be printed in the Record.
  There being no objection, the text of the bill was ordered to be 
printed in the Record, as follows:

                                 S. 472

       Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of 
     the United States of America in Congress assembled,

     SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

       This Act may be cited as the ``Ski Hill Resources for 
     Economic Development Act''.

     SEC. 2. ESTABLISHMENT OF SKI AREA FEE RETENTION ACCOUNT.

       (a) In General.--Section 701 of division I of the Omnibus 
     Parks and Public Lands Management Act of 1996 (16 U.S.C. 
     497c) is amended by adding at the end the following:
       ``(k) Ski Area Fee Retention Account.--
       ``(1) Definitions.--In this subsection:
       ``(A) Account.--The term `Account' means the Ski Area Fee 
     Retention Account established under paragraph (2).
       ``(B) Covered unit.--The term `covered unit' means the unit 
     of the National Forest System that collects the ski area 
     permit rental charge under this section.
       ``(C) Secretary.--The term `Secretary' means the Secretary 
     of Agriculture.

[[Page S796]]

       ``(2) Establishment.--The Secretary of the Treasury shall 
     establish a special account in the Treasury, to be known as 
     the `Ski Area Fee Retention Account'.
       ``(3) Deposits.--Subject to paragraphs (4) and (5), a ski 
     area permit rental charge collected by the Secretary under 
     this section shall--
       ``(A) be deposited in the Account;
       ``(B) be available to the Secretary for use, without 
     further appropriation; and
       ``(C) remain available for the period of 4 fiscal years 
     beginning with the first fiscal year after the fiscal year in 
     which the ski area permit rental charge is deposited in the 
     Account under subparagraph (A).
       ``(4) Distribution of amounts in the account.--
       ``(A) Local distribution of funds.--
       ``(i) In general.--Except as provided in subparagraph (C), 
     the Secretary shall expend 80 percent of the ski area permit 
     rental charges deposited in the Account from a covered unit 
     at the covered unit in accordance with clause (ii).
       ``(ii) Distribution.--Of the amounts made available for 
     expenditure under clause (i)--

       ``(I) 75 percent shall be used at the covered unit for 
     activities described in paragraph (5)(A); and
       ``(II) 25 percent shall be used for activities at the 
     covered unit described in paragraph (5)(B).

       ``(B) Agency-wide distribution of funds.--The Secretary 
     shall expend 20 percent of the ski area permit rental charges 
     deposited in the Account from a covered unit at any unit of 
     the National Forest System for an activity described in 
     subparagraph (A) or (B) of paragraph (5).
       ``(C) Reduction of percentage.--
       ``(i) Reduction.--The Secretary shall reduce the percentage 
     otherwise applicable under subparagraph (A)(i) to not less 
     than 60 percent if the Secretary determines that the amount 
     otherwise made available under that subparagraph exceeds the 
     reasonable needs of the covered unit for which expenditures 
     may be made in the applicable fiscal year.
       ``(ii) Distribution of funds.--The balance of the ski area 
     permit rental charges that are collected at a covered unit, 
     deposited into the Account, and not distributed in accordance 
     with subparagraph (A) or (B) shall be available to the 
     Secretary for expenditure at any other unit of the National 
     Forest System in accordance with the following:

       ``(I) 75 percent shall be used for activities described in 
     paragraph (5)(A).
       ``(II) 25 percent shall be used for activities described in 
     paragraph (5)(B).

       ``(5) Expenditures.--Amounts available to the Secretary for 
     expenditure from the Account shall be only used for--
       ``(A)(i) the administration of the Forest Service ski area 
     program, including--
       ``(I) the processing of an application for a new ski area 
     or a ski area improvement project, including staffing and 
     contracting for the processing; and
       ``(II) administering a ski area permit described in 
     subsection (a);
       ``(ii) staff training for--
       ``(I) the processing of an application for--

       ``(aa) a new ski area;
       ``(bb) a ski area improvement project; or
       ``(cc) a special use permit; or

       ``(II) administering--

       ``(aa) a ski area permit described in subsection (a); or
       ``(bb) a special use permit;

       ``(iii) an interpretation activity, National Forest System 
     visitor information, a visitor service, or signage;
       ``(iv) direct costs associated with collecting a ski area 
     permit rental charge or other fee collected by the Secretary 
     related to recreation;
       ``(v) planning for, or coordinating to respond to, a 
     wildfire in or adjacent to a recreation site, particularly a 
     ski area; or
       ``(vi) reducing the likelihood of a wildfire starting, or 
     the risks posed by a wildfire, in or adjacent to a recreation 
     site, particularly a ski area, except through hazardous fuels 
     reduction activities; or
       ``(B)(i) the repair, maintenance, or enhancement of a 
     Forest Service-owned facility, road, or trail directly 
     related to visitor enjoyment, visitor access, or visitor 
     health or safety;
       ``(ii) habitat restoration directly related to recreation;
       ``(iii) law enforcement related to public use and 
     recreation;
       ``(iv) the construction or expansion of parking areas;
       ``(v) the processing or administering of a recreation 
     special use permit;
       ``(vi) avalanche information and education activities 
     carried out by the Secretary or nonprofit partners;
       ``(vii) search and rescue activities carried out by the 
     Secretary, a local government, or a nonprofit partner; or
       ``(viii) the administration of leases under--
       ``(I) the Forest Service Facility Realignment and 
     Enhancement Act of 2005 (16 U.S.C. 580d note; Public Law 109-
     54); and
       ``(II) section 8623 of the Agriculture Improvement Act of 
     2018 (16 U.S.C. 580d note; Public Law 115-334).
       ``(6) Limitation.--Amounts in the Account may not be used 
     for--
       ``(A) the conduct of wildfire suppression; or
       ``(B) the acquisition of land for inclusion in the National 
     Forest System.
       ``(7) Effect.--
       ``(A) In general.--Nothing in this subsection affects the 
     applicability of section 7 of the Act of April 24, 1950 
     (commonly known as the `Granger-Thye Act') (16 U.S.C. 580d), 
     to ski areas on National Forest System land.
       ``(B) Supplemental funding.--Rental charges retained and 
     expended under this subsection shall supplement (and not 
     supplant) appropriated funding for the operation and 
     maintenance of each covered unit.
       ``(C) Cost recovery.--Nothing in this subsection affects 
     any cost recovery under any provision of law (including 
     regulations) for processing an application for or monitoring 
     compliance with a ski area permit or other recreation special 
     use permit.''.
       (b) Effective Date.--This section (including the amendments 
     made by this section) shall take effect on the date that is 
     60 days after the date of enactment of this Act.
                                 ______
                                 
      By Mr. BARRASSO (for himself, Mr. Schatz, Mr. Cramer, and Mr. 
        Welch):
  S. 474. A bill to amend title XIX of the Social Security Act to 
establish a minimum Medicaid disproportionate share hospital allotment 
for States; to the Committee on Finance.
  Mr. BARRASSO. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that the text of 
the bill be printed in the Record.
  There being no objection, the text of the bill was ordered to be 
printed in the Record, as follows:

                                 S. 474

       Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of 
     the United States of America in Congress assembled,

     SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

       This Act may be cited as the ``Fair Funding for Rural 
     Hospitals Act''.

     SEC. 2. MINIMUM MEDICAID DSH ALLOTMENT.

       Section 1923(f)(6) of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 
     1396r-4(f)(6)) is amended by adding at the end the following 
     new subparagraph:
       ``(C) Minimum dsh allotment for fiscal years after 2024.--
       ``(i) In general.--Notwithstanding the table set forth in 
     paragraph (2) or the reductions required under paragraph (7), 
     for fiscal year 2025 and each succeeding fiscal year, the DSH 
     allotment for any State shall not be less than the minimum 
     DSH allotment amount established for the fiscal year under 
     clause (ii).
       ``(ii) Minimum dsh allotment amount.--The minimum DSH 
     allotment amount established under this clause--

       ``(I) for each of fiscal years 2025 through 2029, shall be 
     equal to $20,000,000; and
       ``(II) for fiscal year 2030 and each succeeding fiscal 
     year, shall be equal to the minimum DSH allotment amount 
     established under this clause for the preceding fiscal year, 
     subject to an increase for inflation as provided in paragraph 
     (3)(A).''.

                                 ______
                                 
      By Mr. SCHUMER (for himself, Mr. Wyden, Ms. Warren, Mr. Peters, 
        Mrs. Murray, and Mr. Warner):
  S. 490. A bill to provide that unauthorized access to the central 
payment systems of the Bureau of the Fiscal Service is unlawful; to the 
Committee on Finance.
  Mr. SCHUMER. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that the text of 
the bill be printed in the Record.
  There being no objection, the text of the bill was ordered to be 
printed in the Record, as follows:

                                 S. 490

       Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of 
     the United States of America in Congress assembled,

     SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

       This Act may be cited as the ``Protecting Americans' 
     Privacy Act of 2025''.

     SEC. 2. UNAUTHORIZED ACCESS TO THE CENTRAL PAYMENT SYSTEMS OF 
                   THE BUREAU OF THE FISCAL SERVICE.

       (a) Prohibitions.--
       (1) In general.--It shall be unlawful for an individual to 
     knowingly access or exercise administrative control over any 
     public money receipt or payment system of the Department of 
     the Treasury (including any payment system of the Bureau of 
     the Fiscal Service (or any successor thereof)) if the 
     individual--
       (A) is not--
       (i) a Federal employee; or
       (ii) a Federal contractor whose current continuous service 
     in a position on an agency's contract, as of the date of such 
     access, is for a period of at least 1 year;
       (B) is a Federal employee--
       (i) who is employed as the chief executive officer, chief 
     financial officer, chief operating officer, or a position of 
     similar stature at a covered entity;
       (ii) who serves on the Board of Directors of a covered 
     entity;
       (iii) who has control over a covered entity; or
       (iv) whose current continuous service in a position in the 
     civil service (as that term is defined in section 2101 of 
     title 5, United States Code), as of the date of such access, 
     is for a period of less than 1 year; or
       (C) is a covered employee who--
       (i) has a conflict of interest as described in section 208 
     of title 18, United States Code, with respect to such central 
     payment system, or

[[Page S797]]

       (ii) has not signed a written ethics agreement with either 
     the covered employee's respective agency or the Office of 
     Government Ethics.
       (2) Facilitation of access.--It shall be unlawful for an 
     individual to facilitate access to or the exercise of 
     administrative control over any such public money receipt or 
     payment system, or to knowingly permit such access or 
     exercise of control, which such individual knows or should 
     know is in violation of paragraph (1).
       (b) Enforcement by Individuals.--
       (1) In general.--Any persons harmed by a violation of 
     subsection (a) may file a civil action in any district court 
     of the United States or State court of general jurisdiction 
     to recover from the individual who engaged in the violation 
     appropriate relief described in paragraph (2).
       (2) Relief.--In an action under this subsection, 
     appropriate relief includes--
       (A) preliminary and other equitable or declaratory relief, 
     as appropriate;
       (B) damages as described in paragraph (3);
       (C) punitive damages, as appropriate; and
       (D) reasonable attorney's fees and other reasonable 
     litigation costs.
       (3) Damages.--In an action under this subsection, a court 
     may assess as damages an amount equal to the greater of--
       (A) the sum of the actual damages suffered by the 
     plaintiff; or
       (B) $250,000 for each unauthorized access relating to the 
     plaintiff.
       (4) Joint and several liability.--Any individual who 
     violates subsection (a)(1) and any individual who violates 
     subsection (a)(2) shall be jointly and severally liable to 
     the extent such violations relate to the same access.
       (c) Definitions.--In this section:
       (1) Agency.--The term ``agency''--
       (A) has the meaning given the term ``Executive agency'' in 
     section 105 of title 5, United States Code; and
       (B) includes each component of the Executive Office of the 
     President, including each such component established under 
     title 3, United States Code.
       (2) Control.--The term ``control'' means, with respect to 
     an entity--
       (A) ownership of, or the power to vote, more than 50 
     percent of the outstanding shares of any class of voting 
     security of the entity;
       (B) control over the election of a majority of the 
     directors of the entity (or of individuals exercising similar 
     functions); or
       (C) the power to exercise a controlling influence over the 
     management of the entity.
       (3) Covered employee.--The term ``covered employee'' 
     includes the following individuals:
       (A) Each individual who is--
       (i) a noncareer employee; and
       (ii) described in any of paragraphs (3) through (8) of 
     section 13103(f) of title 5, United States Code.
       (B) Each individual serving in a position with respect to 
     which a determination has been made under section 7511(b)(2) 
     of title 5, United States Code.
       (C) Each special Government employee, as defined in section 
     202(a) of title 18, United States Code.
       (4) Covered entity.--The term ``covered entity'' means a 
     corporation (and the subsidiaries it controls), company, 
     association, firm, partnership, society, joint stock company, 
     or any other organization or institution, including an 
     organization described in section 501(c) of the Internal 
     Revenue Code.
       (5) Federal contractor.--The term ``Federal contractor'' 
     means an individual, other than a Federal employee, working 
     under a contract with an agency.
       (6) Federal employee.--The term ``Federal employee'' means 
     an individual employed by or holding office in an agency.
       (7) Noncareer employee.--The term ``noncareer employee'' 
     means an individual who is--
       (A) serving in a position to which the President appointed 
     the individual (without regard to whether the advice and 
     consent of the Senate was required with respect to that 
     appointment), other than an individual who is--
       (i) a member of a uniformed service, as that term is 
     defined in section 210(m) of the Social Security Act (42 
     U.S.C. 410(m)); or
       (ii) a member of the Foreign Service serving under a career 
     appointment, as described in section 301 of the Foreign 
     Service Act of 1980 (22 U.S.C. 3941);
       (B) a noncareer appointee, as that term is defined in 
     section 3132(a) of title 5, United States Code;
       (C) serving in a position in a Federal executive system 
     (other than the Senior Executive Service established under 
     subchapter II of chapter 31 of title 5, United States Code), 
     if appointment to the position is not made through merit-
     based procedures; or
       (D) serving in a position with respect to which a 
     determination has been made under section 7511(b)(2) of title 
     5, United States Code.
       (d) No Inference.--Nothing in this section shall be 
     construed as creating any inference as to whether any act 
     which occurred prior to the enactment of this Act was lawful 
     or otherwise permitted.

     SEC. 3. CONFIDENTIALITY OF RETURNS AND RETURN INFORMATION 
                   UNDER INTERNAL REVENUE CODE OF 1986.

       (a) In General.--Section 6103 of the Internal Revenue Code 
     of 1986 is amended by redesignating subsection (q) as 
     subsection (r) and by inserting after subsection (p) the 
     following new subsection:
       ``(q) Prohibition on Disclosure to Certain Employees.--
     Notwithstanding any other provision of this section, no 
     return or return information shall be disclosed by means of 
     access to any public money receipt or payment system of the 
     Department of the Treasury (including any payment system of 
     the Bureau of the Fiscal Service (or any successor thereof)) 
     to any individual described in subparagraph (B) or (C) of 
     section 2(a)(1) of the Protecting Americans' Privacy Act of 
     2025.''.
       (b) Civil Damages for Unauthorized Inspection or 
     Disclosure.--
       (1) In general.--Subsection (a) of section 7431 of the 
     Internal Revenue Code of 1986 is amended by adding at the end 
     the following new paragraph:
       ``(3) Inspection or disclosure by certain employees.--If 
     any individual described in subparagraph (B) or (C) of 
     section 2(a)(1) of the Protecting Americans' Privacy Act of 
     2025 knowingly, or by reason of negligence, inspects or 
     discloses any return or return information with respect to a 
     taxpayer in violation of section 6103(q), such taxpayer may 
     bring a civil action for damages against such person in a 
     district court of the United States. In any action brought 
     under this paragraph, subsection (c)(1)(A) shall be applied 
     by substituting `$250,000' for `$1,000'.''.
       (2) Conforming amendment.--Paragraph (1) of section 7431(a) 
     of such Code is amended by striking ``If any'' in paragraph 
     (1) and inserting ``Except as provided in paragraph (3), if 
     any''.
       (c) No Inference.--Nothing in the amendments made by this 
     section shall be construed as creating any inference as to 
     whether any disclosure or inspection prior to the enactment 
     of this Act was lawful or permitted by section 6103 of the 
     Internal Revenue Code of 1986.

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