[Congressional Record Volume 170, Number 187 (Tuesday, December 17, 2024)]
[Senate]
[Pages S7070-S7078]
From the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]





WILDLIFE INNOVATION AND LONGEVITY DRIVER REAUTHORIZATION ACT--Continued

  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from Virginia.


                   Unanimous Consent Request--S. 399

  Mr. WARNER. Mr. President, I rise today in support of Senator Kaine's 
request for unanimous consent for the Senate to pass the Saving the 
Civil Service Act. It is a critical bill that I hope all my colleagues 
would agree needs to be enshrined into law.
  One of the great strengths of our democracy is that we have an 
independent, merit-based civil service. Back in the 19th century, we 
saw what happens when you had a Federal workforce that was made up of a 
system of spoils and political patronage. So the Congress, back in 
1883, said: We ought to put in place an independent civil service.
  That has been the law of the land for the last 150 years. Virtually 
every other industrial nation in the world has modeled their 
independent workforce after the American model.
  We have 2 million Federal employees across the country. Virginia has 
147,000. There are close to that many in Maryland and in the District, 
but they are all over. Senator Hirono mentioned earlier Hawaii has some 
of the highest concentration.
  Senator Kaine's bill, which we are all proud to be cosponsoring, 
would simply say: Let's not break that system.
  The idea--and the incoming President has said he wants this--to make 
and get rid of a merit-based civil service is, in my mind, beyond 
comprehension. Do you really want that nurse at the VA hospital, that 
the first criteria we are looking for is who did she vote for as 
opposed to whether she knows nursing; or that air traffic controller 
that says: Well, I may have been politically active for an unpopular 
candidate, so I am going to get fired? Or, more likely, one of the 
things that we have seen that has been a strength of our system: The 
independent economist at the Bureau of Labor Statistics, Presidents of 
each party get mad when their numbers come out each month because those 
numbers are independently verified. Do you want to fire all those folks 
and put in political loyalists?
  The rest of the world would run from that, and it would, frankly, 
undermine the reserved nature of the U.S. dollar as the currency of the 
backbone of the world, if we are cooking the books on our economic 
numbers.
  There are a host of other examples that we could go almost category 
by category. I can tell you, the vast majority of Federal workers whom 
I interact with, most of them could actually have done better in the 
private sector. They do this work because of that sense of public 
service.
  And if you get rid of a merit-based system and do it all for 
political patronage, who is going to actually join that kind of 
government on a going-forward basis?
  This would undermine our economy, undermine our security, and 
obviously undermine the ability of the American people to get a fair 
administration of government services.
  With that, I am going to yield to my good friend, the Senator from 
Maryland Senator Van Hollen.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from Maryland.
  Mr. VAN HOLLEN. Mr. President, I want to thank my colleague from 
Virginia Senator Warner, who just addressed this very important issue, 
and my friend and colleague, the other Virginia Senator, Senator Kaine, 
who is making the motion today that we pass his Saving the Civil 
Service Act.
  This is a critical piece of legislation to protect one of America's 
best innovations, which is the idea of a nonpartisan, merit-based 
Federal workforce--one that serves all Americans, regardless of 
political affiliation; one where you don't take a political test to 
decide whether you have the credentials for the job; you take a skills-
based, knowledge-based test to decide if you are best for the job.
  Our Federal workers are the air traffic controllers who ensure safe 
passage when Americans fly; they are the inspectors who protect our 
food supply; they are the folks who determine whether or not medicines 
put on the market are going to be both safe and do what they say they 
are going to do; they are the folks at the Social Security 
Administration in Baltimore City who make sure that people get their 
Social Security checks on time; they are the nurses and doctors at 
veterans hospitals who help our veterans; and many, many other 
essential functions.
  Today, the only criteria for their employment is performance. It is 
what they know, not who they know. They are qualified to serve based on 
those credentials, and they do a good job protecting the American 
public. And they serve in those jobs regardless of what President is in 
the White House and what party that President may belong to. Their duty 
is to serve the American people.
  So why are we here on the floor? Because the incoming administration 
has threatened to change the longtime practice of making sure we have a 
merit-based civil service.
  At the very end of the last Trump administration, they proposed 
something called schedule F, which would allow them to convert merit-
based positions into politically based positions--in other words, 
substituting political cronies for qualified merit-based Federal 
employees. That is a recipe for corruption.
  Our predecessors, a long time ago, recognized that. That is why, back 
in 1883, the Congress passed the Pendleton Act to create the merit-
based civil service. Prior to that, we had a spoils system, where 
people who worked on campaigns thought that they could get any job they 
wanted, regardless of their qualifications, because of their political 
party label.
  In fact, the reason we ended up getting the Pendleton Act--one of 
them--was that, in 1881, one of those people, who had worked on a 
political campaign and thought they should have gotten a job and 
didn't, assassinated President Garfield. So at that time, the country 
was shaken, and they said: We have to get rid of the spoils system and 
replace it with a merit-based system.
  I want to just make two other points because the incoming 
administration, as I said, tried this schedule F idea at the end of the 
last administration. This time, they are talking about doing it near 
the beginning of this incoming administration, which is why we are here 
on the floor today trying to take this action to prevent that from 
happening.
  I want to point out that Presidents have about 4,000 political 
positions to fill. We are talking about the Secretary of Defense, the 
Secretary of State. Presidents have the discretion already--the power 
today--to nominate people for those 4,000 positions. So we are not 
talking about taking that away. We are saying: You can't convert 
thousands of other positions that today are based on merit into those 
political type of jobs.
  Finally, we have heard a lot about the need for more government 
efficiency, and count me in. Count all of our colleagues from Virginia 
and Maryland and I think probably both sides of the aisle in on the 
idea of trying to make sure that we achieve greater efficiencies in 
government. But I will not support and we will not support something 
that, under the cover of the claim of government efficiency, is simply 
a Trojan horse to undo our merit-based system and turn it into one 
based on political cronyism because that leads to corruption, which 
will erode the public's confidence and erode the quality of service 
that our Federal civil servants provide.
  So I want to again thank my colleague from Virginia Senator Kaine for 
all he has done. I want to thank my colleague from Maryland Senator 
Cardin, who has also been a great partner in this.
  I yield to the Senator from Virginia Senator Kaine.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from Virginia.
  Mr. KAINE. Mr. President, I appreciate my colleagues Senator Warner 
and Senator Van Hollen. We just had a press conference where Senator 
Cardin and Senator Hirono also came to speak about the importance of 
this issue.
  As everybody knows--you learned this in civics in grade school--
officials in the United States swear loyalty not to the President but 
to the Constitution of the United States. Under the Constitution, 
Congress passes laws, and the President enforces them.
  But from the beginning days of our country, the President can't do 
all the

[[Page S7071]]

enforcement and implementation on his or her own; it is too big a job 
for an individual. In a big and complex country, you need people whose 
whole job might be enforcing a particular law--say inspecting a meat-
processing plant. You need people to make sure planes don't crash into 
each other at airports, people to prosecute anybody running a scam to 
cheat the elderly out of their life savings, people to bust tax cheats 
or catch somebody dumping toxic chemicals into a stream, in violation 
of the Clean Water Act.
  Federal employees do all these things. They work to ensure that 
critical resources and services are provided in countless communities 
across America. They work to keep Social Security up and running, 
manage veterans' benefits, research medical diseases, and develop cures 
and vaccines.
  Enforcing the law and running government requires people who are 
duty-bound to enforce the laws enacted by Congress and to obey the 
lawful orders of the President, all subject to the overriding duty to 
support and defend the Constitution of the United States. But we swear 
fealty to that Constitution, not to a person.
  Early in the Republic, as my colleague indicated--Senator Van 
Hollen--the executive branch operated under what is known as the spoil 
system, as in the expression ``to the victor go the spoils.'' But there 
quickly arose an obvious problem: If the people who enforce American 
laws answer only to the President, then if you are on the President's 
team, they go easy on you, and if you are against the President, they 
bring Federal law down on you like a hammer. That is not the rule of 
law.
  It took a century, from the founding of America until enactment of 
the Pendleton Act--and Senator Van Hollen talked about a tragedy that 
occurred at the foot of Capitol Hill, which was once a train station 
where President Garfield was assassinated in 1881. It took that tragedy 
to basically galvanize this growing awareness that our Federal 
employees should be hired based on merit, not political loyalty.
  Since then--nearly 150 years--our Nation has recognized the value of 
a nonpartisan and merit-based system to carry out Federal Government 
functions. Having a dedicated civil service based on merit rather than 
political loyalties is in the best interest of everyone. It not only 
promotes professionalism and reduces cronyism, it also promotes 
stability.
  We saw in the last Trump administration the track record of the 
political appointees. There was a revolving door in many of these 
positions. How many Secretaries of State? How many Secretaries of 
Defense? How many Secretaries of the Navy? When you are switching 
positions out, you get worse and worse quality of service. The 
professional civil service is not just about merit, it is also about 
stability.
  Our civil service is tasked with protecting so many important values: 
national security, economic productivity, guiding public health, and so 
much more. There have been attempts in recent years to erode the 
independence of the Federal civil service, and that is why I am here on 
the floor, where I will in a minute request Senate passage of the 
Saving the Civil Service Act.
  The bill upholds the merit system principles to ensure that the 
Federal Government is equipped with the most qualified and experienced 
individuals. Specifically, the Saving the Civil Service Act will 
prohibit the reclassification of Federal employees to schedules outside 
of the competitive civil service without congressional consent. If 
Congress agrees to this, that is one thing, but to do the 
reclassification over the objection of or without even consulting with 
Congress would be barred by this bill.

  Over 2 million Federal employees work in all 50 States and U.S. 
territories.
  There are 147,000 in Virginia.
  In New Mexico, there are more than 22,000 Federal employees who work 
in critical areas such as nuclear research. Some of the most important 
research that has been done in the history of the United States was 
done in New Mexico by highly trained scientists, and that continues 
today.
  In Missouri, which my colleague Senator Schmitt represents, Federal 
employment is more than 37,000, and many work for the VA, for the 
Treasury, for the Army, for the U.S. Department of Agriculture, and for 
the Department of Homeland Security.
  This shouldn't be a partisan bill. We don't have any need and never 
have had a need for Democratic meat inspectors or Republican air 
traffic controllers, Democratic VA nurses and Republican cancer 
researchers; we just want people who have expertise. These experts may 
have their personal political opinions, but as long as they are doing 
their jobs, they deserve protection from political retaliation.
  To be clear, the President can govern as he or she sees fit within 
the bounds of statute. Many Federal laws have ambiguity. If there is 
too much ambiguity, we in Congress need to fix it. The President is 
empowered to use flexibility within the law as he sees fit, and career 
Federal employees have to follow those directives and implement the 
President's interpretation of the law falling within legal bounds. The 
President, additionally, has the ability to appoint 4,000 political 
appointees, some of whom must be confirmed by the Senate but many of 
whom don't even require Senate confirmation.
  If a President tries to go outside the law, someone should be able to 
stand up and say, ``Mr. President, that is illegal, and you can't do 
it. Telling your boss ``That is illegal, and you can't do it'' is not 
disloyalty. That is patriotism. That is loyalty to the Constitution and 
to the law. Again, we all take the same oath. The oath is to the 
document, not the President.
  Third and finally, my bill does not mean that we don't expect 
accountability from Federal workers. In any large organization, 
government agency, or large company, there is a potential for 
unnecessary bureaucracy to develop. In a large pool of people, there 
may be some bad apples not doing their job. Nothing in this bill 
protects Federal employees from accountability for their performance.
  In fact, the National Federation for Federal Employees has testified 
before Congress on more than one occasion about the circumstances in 
which Federal employees have been terminated for cause. That 
demonstrates that while they exist to defend the rights of their 
members, they are not going to apologize for or shirk responsibility 
for bad behavior of employees whose performance merits termination.
  I am all for solutions that increase accountability and efficiency. I 
am on the Foreign Relations Committee, and I followed with great 
interest the efforts of President Trump's first Secretary of State, Rex 
Tillerson, and his team in 2017 in that space.
  The rights of civil servants and the goals of an efficient, 
responsive Federal Government shouldn't be in competition, and I refuse 
to dismiss as naive the idea that Federal workers can have a range of 
personal political views but still serve faithfully and carry out the 
law and the faithful orders of the Commander in Chief.
  I know this is possible because it is exactly what we ask of the 
American military--my oldest son is a marine--and the military delivers 
that in a significant way. Every servicemember is allowed to vote, but 
whoever is duly elected--that is whose lawful orders they follow.
  The bill is about basic fairness. The American people should have 
high expectations of Federal workers and should know that the people 
enforcing American laws aren't going easy on someone just because they 
happen to be a friend of the President, Democratic or Republican.
  Some will argue that this is necessary because the Federal Government 
is too big and inefficient. In fact, the Federal Government is smaller 
today than it was during its peak in the post-World War II years, with 
more than 3 million Federal employees at that time.
  So I am looking forward to working on this and making sure that we 
uphold this value that has stood the test of time since 1883--a 
professional civil service, not one placed on political loyalty or 
cronyism.
  With that, I ask unanimous consent that the Committee on Homeland 
Security and Governmental Affairs be discharged from further 
consideration of S. 399 and the Senate proceed to its immediate 
consideration, that the bill be considered read a third time and 
passed, and that the motion to reconsider be considered made and laid 
upon the table.

[[Page S7072]]

  The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there objection?
  The Senator from Missouri.
  Mr. SCHMITT. Mr. President, reserving the right to object, I am 
heartened to hear the historical references from my friend from 
Virginia and my friend from Maryland, but if we go back just a little 
bit further, to our Nation's founding, the Founders were very concerned 
about concentrations of power. That is why we have our system of 
federalism, three branches of government, separation of powers. All was 
meant to disperse government so that no one branch, no one person ever 
got too powerful.
  But the underlying belief that would save this system of self-
government was that people would be accountable to the people, that if 
you sent somebody up here and you agreed with them, you would send them 
back or you would send them home.
  What we have seen, particularly in the last hundred years, is the 
growth of an administrative state that isn't accountable to anybody. 
That is the truth.
  I was in Northwest Missouri a couple of years ago, and a farmer told 
me: Eric, I just don't ever remember voting for the Deputy Under 
Secretary of the EPA.
  He had a point. A guidance letter--not even a rule and certainly not 
even a law--can destroy a farmer's livelihood in a farm they have had 
for generations. Or take for example the abuses we saw during COVID. 
The Supreme Court--I know something about this. I was the AG that 
brought the case. The vaccine mandate. They didn't have any authority 
to force a medical procedure on 100 million people, but they wanted to 
do it anyway. Student loan debt forgiveness. There was no authority to 
wipe away half a trillion dollars' worth of student loan debt with the 
stroke of a pen, but they did it anyway.
  These are big, broad discussions. The Supreme Court has weighed in. 
The major questions doctrine. They have been reining in the abuses of 
government now in unelected bureaucrats over the last decade.
  Of course, with the overturning of the Chevron decision, the ball is 
now in our court to sort of reassert the article I branch's role that 
we are the ones--if you want to ban gas stoves, we should have to vote 
on it.
  So this bill, what it does--it blatantly infringes upon executive 
prerogative to shape the executive workforce. So the courts have 
weighed in, and dare I say the American people weighed in just about a 
month ago. There is no secret that President Trump ran on greater 
government efficiency and reducing the size of government.
  This is another effort to Trump-proof before January 20. We are 
seeing a wholesale auction of the border wall for less than 1 percent 
of its value. It is happening right now to thwart what is coming. These 
sort of efforts that are happening behind the scenes and now here on 
the Senate floor are intended to do one thing, which is to prevent 
President Trump from executing on what he campaigned on, which is 
government efficiency.
  About 16 percent of the Federal workforce right now is in any one of 
those buildings on Pennsylvania Avenue. I think that over the coming 
months, with the DOGE committee and some of those efforts--and I hope 
we can work in a bipartisan way. I agree, this shouldn't be a partisan 
issue. Saving money should not be a partisan issue. And there are some 
people that probably need to go. There are great Federal workers in our 
Federal workforce, but we are wasting a lot of money, and people aren't 
even willing to show up to work right now.
  So having flexibility to deliver on the message that people saw cross 
their television screens and in rallies all across this country over 
the last 2 years during the Presidential campaign--that is what this is 
about. This bill would thwart those efforts, and that is why I am 
objecting.
  Therefore, I object.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. Objection is heard.
  The Senator from Virginia.
  Mr. KAINE. Mr. President, just a brief response.
  My colleague from Missouri mentioned the fact that recent decisions 
of the Supreme Court have put more burden on the shoulders of Congress 
not to abdicate decision-making responsibility but to own it, and that 
is precisely what my bill would do. It would not block a President from 
trying to make reforms to the Federal civil service; it would just 
require that the President do so in consultation with the article I 
branch.
  That article I branch, come January 3, is going to be two Republican 
Houses. I can't imagine why a Trump Presidency would be afraid of two 
Republican Houses. If any proposal with respect to the Federal civil 
service has merit, it would seem that the President should have some 
sense of confidence that he can convince the next Congress of the 
United States to go along with it. But if, in fact, he is worried about 
his ability to convince two Republican Houses to go along with plans 
with respect to the Federal Civil Service, I think that should tell us 
something.

  I yield the floor.
  I suggest the absence of a quorum.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The clerk will call the roll.
  The senior assistant legislative clerk proceeded to call the roll.
  Mr. SCHATZ. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that the order for 
the quorum call be rescinded.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. Welch). Without objection, it is so 
ordered.


                Committee on Indian Affairs Legislation

  Mr. SCHATZ. Mr. President, the past 4 years have been historic for 
the Senate Committee on Indian Affairs by almost any measure. We 
secured the largest investment in Native communities in American 
history, totaling more than $45 billion. We had the committee's most 
productive 4-year period ever, passing more than a dozen bills into 
law. And, just this month, we passed another 10 bills in the Senate 
that are waiting for action in the House.
  Taken together, these record investments and laws cover a wide range 
of priorities for native people--securing ancestral lands and waters, 
building safer communities for children and elders, and turning a new 
page on the boarding school era by promoting native languages, 
education, and healing.
  But the numbers alone don't tell the story because behind each of 
these statutes and investments are real, tangible benefits for Native 
communities everywhere--from the homes they live in to the roads they 
get around on to the water they drink every day--and I am proud that we 
have been able to deliver such important investments in Indian Country, 
on Hawaiian homelands, and in Alaska Native villages, whose needs have 
been so often overlooked or even sometimes harmed by the Federal 
Government.
  This progress means more people will have homes with working 
electricity and clean, piped water. Advance appropriations for the 
Indian Health Service, for the first time ever, means people don't have 
to worry about whether or not they can get to a doctor or not if the 
government shuts down. Significant investments in Tribal transportation 
and infrastructure means that communities are one step closer to making 
dirt roads and broadband deserts a thing of the past. And thanks to the 
provisions in the Violence Against Women Act reauthorization, Tribes 
can be in charge of their own safety again with the ability to keep 
their children and their neighbors safe.
  The committee has also enacted three water rights settlements into 
law and secured $2.5 billion to pay for these and the more than 30 
other already enacted settlements. There is more work to do to get 
other settlements over the line, and we are going to continue to work 
with our House colleagues to get it done.
  Rebuilding Tribal homelands, expanding broadband, building out 
transportation projects were key priorities for our committee on a 
bipartisan basis. We were also focused on helping Native communities 
unlock clean energy and adapt to a changing climate. Elsewhere, we put 
real resources into the Federal Government's efforts to revitalize 
Native languages and work to bring healing around the Federal Indian 
boarding school era.
  From day one, our work was guided by the voices of Native leaders and 
community members--``nothing about me without me'' as the saying goes--
and we couldn't have done this without the incredible leadership of 
Native people across our great country, telling us

[[Page S7073]]

what matters and holding us accountable.
  The progress, though long overdue, is still in progress. The bills we 
passed and the investments we have made will materially benefit 
people's lives--for American Indians, for Native Hawaiians, and Alaska 
Natives. Now, that doesn't mean we get to call it a day, because to say 
that this is the most productive period for Native people as it relates 
to congressional action in American history is to say two things: It is 
to say we did a lot. It is certainly to say we did a lot. We did it on 
a bipartisan basis. We did it with extraordinary staff from my Indian 
Affairs Committee staffers to Lisa Murkowski's staffers, to all of the 
Members and advocacy organizations. We did a lot. It is also to 
acknowledge that it was a damned low bar. Most Congresses not only 
didn't help Native communities much but actively harmed Native 
communities a lot.
  The official position of the United States Federal Government was the 
extermination of Tribal governments. The official position with the 
Army Corps of Engineers, the U.S. military, the Department of the 
Interior, and other Federal Agencies and their representatives was to 
essentially dismantle Native cultures--language, access to water, 
access to land. They cut the children's hair. They punished them 
physically if they spoke their Native language. They removed these 
children from their parents and incarcerated them in something that 
they called boarding schools, but let's be clear. It wasn't a boarding 
school in the sense of ``my kid is 16. We have some extra money. Maybe 
they are going to go to a good school on the east coast somewhere.'' 
They were incarcerated.
  So it is true that we have done a lot. It is also true that we have 
done a lot--that we have harmed Native communities for centuries, and 
this 4-year period marks a change in the relationship between the U.S. 
Federal Government and Native communities from Hawaii to Alaska and all 
across the continent.
  And so I am extraordinarily proud of the accomplishments of this 
committee, but I don't want anyone to mistake this for a victory lap. 
We have so much more to do to undo, literally, generations of 
injustice. No amount of work we are going to do in a year or even 4 
years is going to suddenly and totally reverse generations of neglect 
and harm by the Federal Government. Yet this is a moment to recognize 
the great work we have done. It is broadband; it is water; it is 
economic opportunity; it is Native culture; it is Native language; it 
is Native music. It is people being in control of their own 
intellectual property, in control of their own destinies.
  That is what this is about. This is about the right of people--the 
first peoples of the United States--to self-determination. I am proud 
to be a small part of that legacy.
  I yield the floor.
  (Mr. BROWN assumed the Chair.)
  The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. Welch). The senior Senator from the great 
State of Ohio.


                         Farewell to the Senate

  Mr. BROWN. Mr. President, I am here at desk 88, honored to address my 
family and friends and Ohioans of the Nation.
  I remember well my first speech 18 years ago. Illinois Senator Barack 
Obama was presiding over the Senate. Following parliamentary norms--and 
perhaps a bit presciently--I addressed him as ``Mr. President.''
  A few desks away sat the senior Senator from Massachusetts, whose 
brother's desk I have now occupied for my entire three terms. Senator 
Kennedy, the chair of the Labor Committee, spoke after my remarks about 
his commitment and my commitment to workers. My speech, no surprise to 
anyone, was about workers and their dignity, raising the minimum wage, 
creating more opportunity for people who build this country with their 
brains and with their hands.
  By some measure, my life began less than 3 miles from here. My dad, a 
family doctor from Mansfield, OH, and my mother a teacher from 
Mansfield, GA, met at a soldiers' dance in 1945 at the Mayflower Hotel. 
My father had returned from serving in the Army in the Middle East; my 
mother had moved to Washington to assist in the war effort to work at 
OSS. Their first date a few days later was at the Willard Hotel.
  When they married the next year, my father moved to Mansfield, OH, 
then a prosperous industrial city where Ohioans made steel and 
manufactured cars and tires and appliances for young families returning 
from World War II.
  When I was in high school, my mother, troubled by racism she saw in 
smalltown Georgia as a kid and in Ohio when she moved there, helped 
found the Ohio council of YWCAs. The 165-year mission of the Young 
Women's Christian Association is to eliminate racism and to empower 
women.
  My dad was a family doctor with a working-class practice. He always 
took care of people, regardless of their ability to pay.
  From them came my values and my desire to serve. From my parents--he 
a conservative, she a liberal; he a Republican, she a Democrat; he a 
northerner, she a southerner--taught me by their action and their 
admonition that the role of government was to help the little guy; the 
big guy could take care of himself.
  I went to Johnny Appleseed Junior High--that was really its name--and 
walked the halls with the sons and daughters of autoworkers at GM, 
electrical workers of Westinghouse, steelworkers of Empire-Detroit, 
machinists at Tappan Stove, and the daughters and sons of the thousands 
of millwrights and electricians and laborers and pipefitters who kept 
those plants running. These workers, especially those lucky enough to 
carry union cards, could buy a home, take a vacation, and join a 
growing middle class.
  But by the time I graduated from Mansfield Senior High School, these 
plants were starting to shut down. Corporations searched the globe for 
cheap labor. First, they moved south to anti-union States; then they 
lobbied for tax breaks and bad trade deals to move jobs overseas. 
Always--always in search, Mr. President--of lower wages.
  Compliant politicians were all too happy to oblige. They called it 
the North American Free Trade Agreement; they called it Most Favored 
Nation status with China--honest to God, that was its original name; 
they called it the Central American Free Trade Agreement; they called 
it the Trans-Pacific Partnership--until we put a stop to it.
  And Wall Street rewarded those countries and those politicians over 
and over and over again. I saw what corporate greed and, frankly, 
Presidents of both parties did to my hometown and towns like it all 
over this country.
  Through all my years in Congress, I have tried to be the voice in the 
megaphone for those workers and for those communities.
  I think back to 2003. Every night, at the other end of this 
building--every night--I stood in the well of the House of 
Representatives reading letters from Ohioans opposing Bush's war in 
Iraq--from Cleveland to Cincinnati, from Dayton to Columbus, from 
Toledo to Athens. The White House, on flimsy evidence but with an itch 
to go to war, was sending working-class kids from Ohio to fight and, 
too often, to die in Iraq, a war that history tells us was a colossal 
mistake.
  I drew inspiration from President John Quincy Adams who had returned 
to the House in his attack on slavery. To evade House rules that 
prohibited--believe it or not--that prohibited debating slavery, rules 
forced on the people's House by enslavers, by southern enslavers, he 
read letter after letter from his constituents about the evils of 
slavery and advocating for its abolition.
  Then as now, our duty is to amplify the voices of the people whom we 
serve. To be that strong and effective megaphone, you start by 
listening.
  I remember when I helped lead the opposition in my first year in the 
House to NAFTA. Bill Richardson, a pro-NAFTA Democrat from New Mexico, 
lamented the fact that Members would go home during congressional 
recess. He said, ``You know, every time Members of Congress go home, my 
side loses votes.''
  Well, there is a reason for that. We are supposed to listen to our 
constituents. So almost every week, every Friday, Saturday, Sunday, I 
am in Ohio. I have crisscrossed this State, from Ashtabula to Athens, 
from Gallipolis to Zanesville to Portsmouth to Springfield to Van Wert 
to Toledo to Shelby--

[[Page S7074]]

all over this State holding roundtables, walking picket lines, touring 
plants, talking to workers in break rooms and on worksites and behind 
checkout counters.
  On Monday afternoons, I return to Washington carrying a satchel of 
good ideas drawn from Ohioans. My job in both the House and Senate has 
been to represent those workers, to listen to them, to speak out for 
them, to fight for them; not to listen to Wall Street, not the drug 
companies, not the big railroads, but to fight for the people who make 
this country work.
  Over the last few weeks, people have come up to me, since the 
election, at the grocery store, after church, at the airport, in the 
halls of the Senate asking how I am doing. There are two reasons I 
answer, ``I am doing well.'' First is this team, the team around me. I 
have never been prouder of the public servants who work in this office, 
how they immediately went to work to help and support each other. All 
of them, all of them have dedicated themselves to making sure their 
colleagues land well and to making sure casework for Ohioans is handed 
off to other Members of Congress.
  Over the last few weeks, I have been meeting with every single staff 
member--70 in all--to discuss their careers and their futures.
  The second reason is that for me, this job has never really been 
about the title of being a U.S. Senator. Much of the important work we 
have done has been driven not by a bunch of Washington insiders but by 
ordinary Ohioans. I think about the fight to save workers' pensions. 
When Wall Street gambled away workers' retirement savings, we fought 
back.
  Washington ignored Ohio workers, didn't take them seriously. Most 
people in Washington don't really even understand what collective 
bargaining is, that workers give up raises at the bargaining table for 
pensions and paid into them over a lifetime, all for the promise of a 
secure retirement for their family.
  Ohioans put this on the agenda. They kept it there. They--we--never 
gave up, and together we passed the Butch Lewis Act, named for an 
Ohioan, saving the pensions of 100,000 Ohio workers and a million 
workers serving this country.
  Or think how we expanded healthcare for veterans exposed to those 
football field-sized burn pits. Ohio veterans and their families came 
to us. They put it on the agenda. They forced--forced--Washington to 
listen. Veterans traveled to Washington. Many of them camped outside 
this door not far from here to make this happen. Because of them, the 
Heath Robinson PACT Act--again named for an Ohioan--is now law.
  Those fights aren't quick, particularly when they require taking on 
powerful corporate interests.
  Back when I was in the House more than two decades ago, we organized 
bus trips for Ohio seniors to Canada to save money on prescription 
drugs. Three-hour bus ride from Lorain to Toledo to Detroit, across the 
river to Windsor, Ontario, so they could save money on prescription 
drugs.
  Throughout my entire time in the Senate and before, we fought big 
Pharma and their lobbyists trying to lower the cost of prescription 
drugs. Two years ago, finally we won. This never happens fast. We 
capped the price of insulin at $35 a month for Medicare beneficiaries. 
For the first time, Medicare was negotiating drug prices for seniors.
  These victories, as I say, they don't come easy. Of course they 
don't, but they matter to millions of families. When we stand up to 
corporate special interest, when we guarantee workers a seat at the 
table, when we see decisions here through the eyes of workers, we all 
do our jobs a little bit differently and better.
  We included a project labor agreement for 8,000 workers at a single 
construction site, ensuring a path to middle class for those families.
  We expanded the childcare tax credit, giving more than 90 percent of 
American families a tax cut to keep up with the cost of living--2 
million children in Ohio, 60 million around the country benefited, if 
only for a year.
  We are on the verge of restoring the full Social Security benefits 
that police officers and teachers and firefighters and busdrivers and 
school cafeteria workers have earned.
  With Finance Chair Ron Wyden, we created an industrial policy to 
build more manufacturing in our country. And we have fundamentally--
fundamentally--changed the debate on trade in this country. Of course, 
this town is still full of people who think that way, whose arrogance 
won't allow their world view to be changed by all the evidence that 
corporate trade deals have failed our workers, failed our communities, 
and, frankly, poisoned our politics.
  They no longer go unchallenged and unquestioned. They used to 
ridicule you if you spoke up for workers, if you dared to suggest that 
no amount of compensating the losers, no amount of compensation can 
replace the dignity of a good-paying, rewarding job--no longer.
  I have always looked at things a little differently, perhaps, than 
some. To me, politics is not really left or right or liberal or 
conservative. It is really about whose side you are on and whom you are 
willing to fight for, whom you are willing to stand up to. That is what 
true populism is all about. True populism lifts all people. True 
populism doesn't tear others down. True populism doesn't play to race 
and division. True populism is essentially about the dignity of work, 
putting workers at the center of all we should be doing.
  When I talk about workers, I mean all workers--whether you swipe a 
badge or punch a clock, whether you work for tips or whether you work 
on salary, whether you are going to school or raising kids or caring 
for an aging parent. No matter who you are, no matter where you live, 
no matter what kind of work you do, your work has dignity. It ought to 
pay off for you and your family. We have that in common. With all the 
differences we have as a country, we have work in common. Work is 
really what binds us.
  For too many people in Ohio and around the country, hard work hasn't 
paid off. Today, far too many workers don't see a path to the middle 
class, no matter how hard they work.
  For almost a half a century--we know this, we know this--we should be 
challenging this. For half a century, the stock market soared; 
executive compensation has exploded; corporate profits have risen 
dramatically; worker productivity has increased, but workers' wages 
have been comparatively flat, and costs keep going up.
  Until we solve the fundamental problem in this country, until hard 
work is valued, until everyone has a path to the middle class and the 
stability and security of a good-paying job, our work in this body, my 
work as a private citizen, come January, that work is unfinished.
  If you want to know why so many workers think the system is rigged 
against them, just look at what happened 3 weeks ago in East Texas. It 
is a little fanfare. A single judge, appointed by President Trump, at 
the behest of the Texas Chamber of Commerce, struck down a Labor 
Department rule which guaranteed overtime for workers making $35,000 or 
$40,000 a year.
  That ought to be a fundamental principle. If you put in extra hours, 
you ought to earn extra pay. You did the work; you earned it. One 
judge, one decision, four million workers lost their overtime. One 
judge, one decision, four million workers lost their overtime. That is 
why we make this fight.
  In 1891, Pope Leo XIII wrote what is recognized as the first time an 
international figure acknowledged the rights of workers and the duty of 
employers to respect workers' inherent dignity. In Rerum Novarum, he 
wrote that ``to respect in every man his dignity,'' required respecting 
workers' rights to fair compensation and safe humane working 
conditions.
  Think about this. Seven decades later, in a segregated Tennessee, in 
a segregated city of Memphis, in a segregated neighborhood, amidst a 
torrential downpour, four sanitation workers climbed into--yes--a 
segregated garbage truck to shield themselves from the rain. Two White 
workers settled into the warmth and the safety of the cab. Two Black 
workers crawled in the back, amidst the garbage, where the compactor 
malfunctioned, and two young Black workers were crushed to death.
  Dr. King went to Memphis twice that year. He went after that 
happened. The

[[Page S7075]]

second time, we know he was murdered. Both times, he was fighting for 
the dignity of work. He wove together better than anybody I know of in 
history--wove together civil rights, voting rights, and worker rights 
better than anybody ever has.
  In a speech to ACME Sanitation workers, a month after the workers 
were crushed to death, he spoke at ACME on March 18 in Memphis:

       So often we overlook the work and the significance of those 
     who are not in professional jobs, of those who are not in the 
     so-called big jobs. But let me say to you tonight--

  Dr. King went on--

       that whenever you are engaged in work that serves humanity 
     . . . it has dignity and it has worth.

  All labor has dignity. While the shape of our fight for the dignity 
of work may change, it will, of course, continue. And I count on my 
colleagues to do that.
  I will close the same way I have closed so many speeches across Ohio 
because the values I fight for have not changed and will never change 
come January. On my lapel, I wear this pin. Some of you have one on 
today. Thank you. Many of you do.
  I wear this pin--I know you don't wear it every day, but thank you 
for wearing it--depicting a canary in a birdcage. It was given to me at 
a workers' Memorial Day rally 25 years ago in Lorain, OH.
  You know the story. At the turn of the last century, coal miners took 
the canary down into the mines with them to warn them of poisonous 
gases. They didn't have a union strong enough to protect them. They 
didn't have a government that cared enough to protect them. He was on 
his own.
  But over the last century and a half, think about what we as a nation 
have done. Think of what we have done to change that. All those fights 
required going up against powerful special interests. I think about the 
lesson that any union organizer knows. They don't just give you fair 
wages and better benefits and retirement. They don't give it to you. 
You have to go out and take it. That is how progress works.
  Wall Street didn't just wake up one day and say: You know, older 
people ought to have a pension. We ought to give them--no, we demanded 
Social Security, we fought for it, and we got it.
  Companies 100 years ago didn't just all of a sudden think: You know, 
work is too hard; we ought to have an 8-hour workday. We ought to ban 
child labor. No. We fought for it. We demanded it. We got it.
  Big insurance companies didn't just all of a sudden think: You know, 
there are a lot of seniors that just can't afford their healthcare. No. 
We fought for it; we demanded it; and we got Medicare.
  In the 1960s, a bunch of Southern segregationists didn't say: You 
know, everybody ought to have the right to vote. No. We fought for it. 
We demanded it. We got voting rights in this country.
  And then, just 2 years ago, the drug companies didn't all of a sudden 
say: Insulin costs too damn much. We have got to do something. Drugs 
are too expensive. No. We took them on. We fought for it. We got a $35 
insulin cap.
  Those fights--progress didn't just happen on their own course.
  So when I first came to the Senate, like all new Senators, they gave 
me a really cool, pretty expensive-looking piece of jewelry to say: I 
am a big shot. I am a Senator, and walk around. Well, I wore that for a 
couple days, and then I thought, you know, it didn't feel right. So I 
took it off. I put my canary pin back on. I have worn it every day 
since.
  So when I walk off the Senate floor at the end of this year, nothing 
changes. I am not taking off this pin. I am not giving up my fight for 
workers. If you love this country, you fight for the people who make it 
work every day.
  In January, I return to Ohio, close to the seven grandchildren who 
are sitting in the Gallery today. My wife Connie surprised me last 
night with their showing up at a dinner with their parents in tow. My 
grandchildren are in the Gallery--some sitting there patiently, some 
perhaps not so patiently. Leo and Jackie and Milo and Carolyn and 
Russell and Ela and Maribell sitting with Emily and Matt. Sitting with 
Elizabeth and Patrick and Caitlin and Alejandro. And Clayton, our 
oldest, is taking finals today, but their dad Andy is here. My journey 
has been a family affair.
  With my brothers Bob and Charlie, for literally 50 years with the 
sacrifices that family members inevitably make to ambition, to 
service--yes, sometimes to ego--for a career of serving the public.
  To my beloved Connie, how selfless she has been as I pursued this 
dream. Her exceptional talent is exceeded only by her kindness in 
spirit, as a wife and mother and grandmother extraordinaire. There is 
no one like her. How lucky I have been the last 22 years.
  So to my colleagues, this is my last speech on the Senate floor. But 
it is not, I promise you, the last time you will hear from me.
  Thank you.
  (Applause, Senators rising.)
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from Pennsylvania.


                        Tribute to Sherrod Brown

  Mr. CASEY. Mr. President, I know we have a number of colleagues who 
want to speak. I will be very brief.
  I just want to start by saying how grateful we are for the service of 
Sherrod Brown in the U.S. Senate and the great work that he has done. 
He reminded us to make sure that we wore the canary pin. And for me, it 
has a special significance, even though I haven't been wearing it all 
these years, but I wanted to wear it today. But it is especially 
significant because I have ancestors who worked, of course, in the 
anthracite coal mines. But I think, in so many ways, it is emblematic 
of his service, that he never forgot where he came from, never forgot 
who sent him here, and you heard that throughout his remarks today 
about the work he has done on behalf of American working men and women 
and their families.
  When the history of the labor movement of the United States--if it 
were ever written, of course, it wouldn't be one book. It would be a 
multivolume work by some scholar, maybe sometime in the future. But 
whenever that complete and comprehensive history is written, there will 
be a significant portion of that history written about the work of 
Senator Sherrod Brown of Ohio because no one that I am aware of that 
has served in this body has done more for workers in the time he has 
been in the Senate.
  The last thing I want to say is what he did--and there are too many 
to mention here today--but I want to thank him for what he did leading 
the effort, which culminated in 2021, March of 2021, at 5:34 a.m. in 
the morning, when the first vote was taken on the American Rescue Plan. 
Among many things that bill did was allowed us to take the child tax 
credit--an existing tax credit--and turbocharge it for America's 
children. As he said, 60 million American children--2 million in Ohio, 
a little more than 2 million in my home State of Pennsylvania. It would 
not have happened without his leadership.
  So with that, I will yield the floor and thank Senator Brown again 
for his service.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from Minnesota.
  Ms. KLOBUCHAR. Mr. President, as another occupant of the back row, I 
just want to add my incredible thanks for not just his family but for 
Sherrod and what he stood for in this place. We are going to forever 
miss him.
  We are going to miss--right, Senator Casey--Chuck looking back at 
this row and glaring at us because Sherrod was talking. ``It is not us. 
It is not us.''
  (Laughter.)
  I will forever cherish the note in my desk to Bob that says: Get him 
to be quiet now. They are going to throw us out.
  Sherrod, you have made trouble, but it is a whole lot of good trouble 
on behalf of the people of this country.
  I look up there at Connie, and I will forever love that story that I 
will not do justice to, but it is the story of when Connie was in an 
audience and Sherrod was speaking. And a guy she doesn't know turns to 
her and says: God, I hate that guy's voice.
  And she says: Yeah?
  And he says: Yeah. You know, it is a bit like fingernails on a 
blackboard.
  And Connie says: Really, you don't like that guy's voice?
  He says: Yeah.
  And she says: I like his voice.
  And he says: You like his voice?
  And she says: Yeah. You know when I really like it?

[[Page S7076]]

  She leans into the guy, the guy leans in, and Connie goes: I really 
like it when he wakes me up in the middle of the night and says in that 
gravelly voice: ``I love you, baby.''
  (Laughter.)
  Your love of Connie and the two of you together is something that is 
such a model for all of us here. Her success, your success is part of 
this U.S. Senate story.
  And that pin you wear--that canary in the coal mine--this is not the 
last time we are all going to wear it. For me, it was not just about 
workers, which is about its glory, but it is also about what we have to 
confront in this place--the toxicity of this place sometimes--and that 
you, Sherrod--for us, you were that canary in the coal mine. You are 
the one reminding us why we are really here when, some days, you just 
can't believe that people are doing certain things or stopping certain 
good pieces of legislation for the people of this country.
  You are that person for us who stood up not just when the cameras 
were on but behind closed doors. You reminded us and reminded your 
staff to carry on, and they are going to take that torch with them and 
those pins with them every single place they go. So thank you for 
giving us that inspiration, Sherrod. Thank you for your work.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from New Jersey.
  Mr. BOOKER. First of all, I am going to come out to the aisle because 
this is ``doing the Sherrod,'' when you get far away from your desk. I 
literally think, if the leash were long enough, he would have opened 
the door and taken a couple steps out and come running in and down the 
aisle.
  (Laughter.)
  I stand today with a similar start because there was this moment in 
the cloakroom when I was a new guy in the Senate, and I talked about 
Tester saying to me very loudly in the cloakroom: I didn't think I was 
going to like you when I first got here.
  Then Sherrod chimed in right away--and you will remember this, 
Sherrod--and said: I didn't think I would like you either.
  Now, I didn't care about Jon Tester because I don't like Jon Tester.
  (Laughter.)
  But I really cared that Sherrod Brown would say that, at one point, 
he didn't like me. But I knew he liked me when he said it, because when 
I came to the Senate, he surprised me. He did something I never 
expected. I had great experiences when I first came here--friendships, 
colleagues stepping up--I see my chairman here--putting me under their 
arm, but Sherrod did it in a way that really surprised me.
  He said: Hey, Cory. I want to work with you on something really 
important.
  And I thought of all of these big issues in the Senate. Is it Social 
Security? Is it lowering prescription drug prices? I thought: What are 
we going to do for America?
  Sherrod Brown blew me away.
  He said: I want to fight for fair wages for the cafeteria workers who 
work in the basement of the buildings we work in.
  Immediately, it floored me.
  I started working in this place in 2013--and I will never forget--it 
was the least diverse place I had ever worked. I came here, and on one 
of the first nights I worked past 10 p.m., I left out of the employees' 
entrance. I saw the line of employees walking in, and they were mostly 
Black and Brown people. When I went to the basement to get something to 
eat in the cafeteria, the cafeteria workers were mostly Black and Brown 
folks. They didn't have a Senator living in Washington, DC, but Sherrod 
was someone who stood up for their dignity.
  Sherrod, I have been struggling all week because I feel emotional, 
like losing you. I had this poem that kept coming up over and over 
again--it is really short, and I know you know it--but I did not 
understand why this was the poem, and I want to try to explain it to 
you. It is a poem by Langston Hughes. It is entitled ``I, too, sing 
America.''

       I am the darker brother.
       They send me to eat in the kitchen
       When company comes,
       But I laugh,
       And eat well,
       And grow strong.

     [Because] tomorrow,

       I'll be at the table
       When company comes.

     [And] nobody'll dare
       Say to me,

     ``Eat in the kitchen,''

       Then.
       Besides,
       They'll see how beautiful I am
       And be ashamed--
       I, too, [sing] America.

  Sherrod, I have served with you for 11 years, and the thing I love 
the most about you is you see people. You see the folks who others walk 
past and don't even affirm their humanity. And you just don't see 
people; what you have shown me time and time again from my first week 
as a U.S. Senator is that you see the folks who are the most important 
to the very idea of America--the idea that people have sweat for and 
cried for and bled for. To me, that is the definition of what it means 
to represent people, all the people.
  So I end with this, and it is a moment from American history because 
I know you are such a nerd.
  (Laughter.)
  You, frankly, just never fit my image of what I thought a Senator 
would look like. You are frumpy, and you are disheveled--and the only 
person who has messier hair than you is Bernie, for crying out loud.
  (Laughter.)
  But there are five words I think I want to say to you in my final 
farewell to you in an official capacity, standing in the aisle that you 
so defined. And it is a simple story from history after Lincoln gave 
his second inaugural address: Malice towards none and charity towards 
all--the ideal that you live that there is no us and them. It is just 
us.
  Lincoln retired to a reception afterward, and it was crowded. And 
people were pulling at him and trying to get his attention, and he was 
pushing through the crowds, looking for one person who almost didn't 
get into the reception. This guy had to be recognized by someone 
because he was Black and was pulled in to be allowed to be at this 
incredible reception. The President pushes by him. The historians say 
it was the Governor of Rhode Island who was trying to talk to him, but 
he kept pushing towards this man.

  And he said to this man: My friend, what did you think of my speech?
  This man, regal in stature, humble in spirit, looked at him and said: 
Mr. President, you should attend to your guests.
  And President Lincoln is said to have waved him off and said: No. I 
want to know what you thought of my speech. I need to know, my friend, 
what you thought of my speech.
  This would be the last time in American history that these two men 
would ever speak because Lincoln would soon be assassinated. These were 
the last words that they exchanged. And if you allow me these five 
words, I just want to say to you, in my last farewell to you after your 
farewell speech, as Frederick Douglass looked at Abraham Lincoln and 
simply said:

       It was a sacred effort. It was a sacred effort.

  Your 18-year career here was a sacred effort to see everyone in our 
great country as an American, to affirm their humanity, to affirm their 
dignity, and to elevate our highest virtues.
  Thank you, my friend.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from Illinois.
  Mr. DURBIN. Mr. President, I am saddened by the comment from Sherrod 
that this is his farewell speech.
  As I said to several of my colleagues, we lose so many good ones 
here, and after we have lost them to retirement and to election 
results, the Senate really is an empty place, and it will be in that 
corner. For as long as I have been honored to serve here, that place 
has been occupied by Sherrod.
  What makes such a difference in this man? Why is he viewed so 
differently? Why have so many showed up to hear his farewell speech? 
Well, what I am about to say you can say about him and about Connie, 
his wife.
  There was a man named Jack Valenti, who used to be an adviser to the 
Presidents, and he gave President Lyndon Johnson a piece of advice. He 
said: Every good speech should include six words. Let me tell you a 
story.
  Time and again, Sherrod Brown told us a story. It was a story from a 
picket

[[Page S7077]]

line. It was a story from a clothes factory. It was a story that you 
picked from your home State of Ohio and as you traveled around this 
country. And those stories, much like the stories that Connie has told 
over and over again in her celebrated writing, really illustrate the 
values of this country. You can give a sterile speech about political 
science all you wish, but if you tell a story that touches the heart of 
the listener, it can make a difference in them as it has made in you. 
Time and again, Sherrod has told those stories. That canary in a cage 
is a classic example. It tells you that he not only saw injustice but 
he spoke out against it, and he has dedicated his life to stopping it. 
And that inspires all of us--to listen to these stories and to realize 
they are the true story of America.
  Now, this troubadour--this speaker, this man who has inspired us so 
often--is stepping into a different place in life.
  All I can ask is one favor: Tell stories. You have so many that you 
have lived and so many things that need to be shared. I know that you, 
like your wife, are a writer--you wrote a great book about the desk at 
which you are sitting--and I know that you know what history means. But 
there is another job for you. I am not sure what it is, but I hope it 
will tap into your talent and your values.
  I remember that day. You said it many times. It was the greatest day 
in your service in the Senate. It involved the child tax credit, as Bob 
Casey has talked to us about, and it also, I am sure, involved the idea 
of finally giving these retirees a fighting chance and a wage with 
which to sustain their families. Your fingerprints were all over that, 
Sherrod. It is the kind of issue that you run for office for and fight 
for--and make a difference in the history of this country.
  So remember those words as you go forward. Your stories have inspired 
us. Keep telling those stories.
  And, Connie, I know you will. I will look for your byline.
  I wish you the best.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from Oregon.
  Mr. MERKLEY. Mr. President, when I was wrestling, along with Mary, my 
wife, about whether to run for the Senate, I had the chance to meet the 
Senator from Ohio and his wife at a gathering in Massachusetts, and I 
came away believing that service here could matter.
  When I learned of your background and your fight, Sherrod, I thought 
that is my fight, too. I want to be here and join you in this effort.
  You know, with my dad a mechanic and my mother a secretary, I don't 
know how the hell I ended up here on the floor of the Senate, but it is 
because of believing in the vision of America that you referred to at 
the close of your speech. While I can't quote it exactly, it was along 
the lines of: If you love America, you fight for America's worker--or: 
You fight for the workers who make America function.
  We are in a system now that is so rigged with liars and lobbyists and 
dark money, but the antidote is individuals like yourself who say: 
Public service matters. I am not here to help the rich become richer or 
the corporations become stronger. I am here to fight for the foundation 
for every family to thrive--on healthcare, on housing, on education, 
and on a good-paying job, with an honest day's pay for a fair day's 
work.
  I then saw you in action on the Banking Committee. Now, Elizabeth 
Warren had this idea for the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, but 
she wasn't here in the Senate yet. But on that committee, in working on 
Dodd-Frank, we collectively delivered that and so much more through 
that process, including taking on the false mortgages--the predatory 
mortgages--that were turning the dream of homeownership into a 
nightmare. There is probably a dozen powerful factors in there for 
America's workers. We made a difference in those years--you made a 
difference--and I was so happy to see you lead the Banking Committee.
  I can't tell you what a loss it is to this Chamber and what a loss it 
is to the workers of America that I will no longer see you in that 
chair, but I know I will see you somewhere down the trail, fighting the 
good fight.
  Thank you.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from Minnesota.
  Ms. SMITH. Mr. President, I have a little bit of a beef here with 
Senator Brown because right before he spoke, I admonished him to try 
not to choke up during his speech, and, of course, this was a fool's 
errand. It was like asking the Sun not to shine; and, of course, it was 
highly predictable that what would cause that gravelly voice of his to 
get even more of a catch in it was when he was talking about his family 
and also about his staff--his work family.
  The very first time I met Sherrod, I could see that this was a man 
with a huge heart and tons of energy.
  I recognized in you, Sherrod, the Midwest populism that I come from, 
from the Minnesota Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party.
  I sit in the seat that was once held by Paul Wellstone, as you know, 
who famously said, ``When we all do better, we all do better.'' I know 
that has been the guiding light of your service.
  There are plenty of people here in Washington watching out for the 
rich people, the powerful people, and the big corporations, but you 
have always been our guide in watching out for everybody else, the 
people who actually make this country work.
  I saw this firsthand when you and I worked together on one piece of 
legislation--the Butch Lewis Act--to basically say that hard-working 
folks who earned their pensions, who lost their pensions through no 
fault of their own, deserve to be able to retire with dignity. This is, 
of course, one of the most important promises of organized labor--a 
fair wage, safe working conditions, and to be able to retire with 
dignity. Because of your work, I had a chance to see what that really 
meant for people.
  I will never forget one of the first meetings I did when I first was 
a U.S. Senator. I went up to Duluth, MN, an old industrial community on 
the shores of Lake Superior. It is a beautiful community--probably not 
unlike Mansfield--that in some ways had seen better days, as the 
shipping out of jobs happened and affected them. I talked to some of 
those hard-working teamsters, retired teamsters, about the importance 
of their pension and what we were doing, what I was doing with Sherrod 
Brown to help to protect their pensions.
  I will never forget this one woman. She described to me what it meant 
that she had paid in, she had done everything right, and now she was 
running the risk of losing that. She said to me: Tina, that is my plan 
A, B, and C. I don't have another plan. My other plan is to live under 
a bridge.
  That work, just that one piece of work that you did, that you led us 
on to make sure those pensions were there for folks, is a legacy that 
all of us can aspire to.
  Throughout your career, you always made sure that, while so many 
others were watching out for the folks who already had it pretty good, 
the people who make this country work had a voice.
  I, too, am wearing my canary pin today, and I think that your legacy 
in this body will be all of us who don't forget your work but continue 
it.
  You know, the hope that we can do better, that there is more work 
ahead of us, and that we have the energy for fight--I mean, hope is an 
act of will; it is not an article of faith. It takes the will of all of 
us. I know that you have inspired in all of us in this Chamber--at 
least many of us--the will to continue to fight with hope and optimism 
that we will make this country live up to its full promise.
  I can't wait to see what you do next. As you have famously said--and 
I will leave out some of the adjectives--you are not dying here, you 
are just going on to the next thing. I know those of us who have heard 
this story are grateful that on the floor of the Senate, I am only 
giving an abbreviated version.
  I know I am one of many who love you very much and can't wait to see 
what you do next.
  I yield the floor.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. Ossoff). The Senator from Connecticut.
  Mr. BLUMENTHAL. Mr. President, I say to Senator Brown: I have my pin. 
I am taking your desk. I am going to get your office. And I wouldn't 
mind having your hair and your eloquence.
  (Laughter.)
  For me, Sherrod Brown--and for many of our colleagues--has always

[[Page S7078]]

been a role model, a friend, a voice for people who are often unseen, 
and also a real example of integrity. When you talk to Sherrod Brown, 
you may not agree with him, but you know what he says is what he 
believes.
  You know, we live in a day where politicians are often distrusted and 
demeaned, maybe as never before, but what you have done for me and for 
my family is to give politics a good name, to make sure that people 
understand that the word ``politician'' is not a four-letter word; it 
is something I am proud to say--I am a politician because I try to be 
like Sherrod Brown.
  You know, that kind of politician doesn't always win. It is just a 
fact of life that people often take stands; they espouse causes; they 
champion people or issues that may not be popular at that moment. But 
they are vindicated by history.
  I have been proud to stand with you, Sherrod, for some of those 
causes, and I know they will be vindicated by history.
  As I told your staff--some of them--in that office, the Sherrod Brown 
office, we are going to have a conference room named after you. It is a 
trivial thing to do, but it will remind us that we will be asking 
ourselves at moments, tough moments, moments of crisis: What would 
Sherrod do? What would he think? What would he say?
  I will continue to value you as a friend and as a role model. Thank 
you, Sherrod, for all you have done for all of us. Godspeed.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from Colorado.
  Mr. BENNET. Mr. President, I want to be brief, but I would like to 
briefly say something that might be an odd thing for the Senator from 
Colorado to say, which is how grateful I am to the people of Ohio for 
sending Sherrod Brown to the U.S. Senate for all of these years and how 
much I wish that you had sent him back one more time.
  I say that in part because I once lived in Ohio and was a young 
person there, learning something about politics in the late eighties 
and early nineties. Sherrod Brown was my secretary of state. He was the 
same person then that he is today in all the important ways and a 
progressive voice for the people of Ohio.
  It was an amazing thing for me to come to this place and meet Sherrod 
as a fellow Senator and to sit in that chair and preside, while Sherrod 
stood--I don't remember when that was, when it would have been; Barack 
Obama probably was in the early days of his Presidency--and listen to 
the names of cities and towns all across Ohio ricochet around the 
marble Chamber that we are in with such joy because I had been to those 
places myself.
  I can remember hearing him fight against the characterization by 
outsiders of the place he lived and the place he grew up as the Rust 
Bowl of the United States instead of the industrial heartland of the 
United States, for him to remind people in this Chamber of the 
important--as he was describing today--the critical contribution that 
working people make to this Nation every day, all day, over many years, 
whether they are living in the industrial heartland or anywhere else in 
America, because for Sherrod, workers in every State in this country 
count and matter.
  But I want to just say thank you on behalf of the children that I 
used to work for in the Denver public schools. I was the superintendent 
when my friend Cory Booker was the mayor of Newark. We worked together 
in those days, and we have had the chance to work together here.
  There are many times that I have been on this floor, Senator Brown, 
when I worried about whether the children I used to work for in Denver, 
who are mostly kids of color, mostly kids living in poverty, whether 
anybody here had their interests at heart or whether anybody here could 
even see them or whether we had actually become really comfortable in 
the sense that we were treating our kids like they were someone else's 
kids, not even the country's kids. More than anybody else in this 
place, you have lifted their voices. You have seen the kids that I 
represented or worked for in the Denver public schools.
  The chance for you and Bob and Cory and I to work together on the 
child tax credit, which went to 90 percent of America's kids and cut 
child poverty in half, is a symbol to all of us, I think, of what is 
possible if we dedicate ourselves to the idea that this country has to 
live up to its aspirations. That is something you never have let us 
forget. I know you have talked about it over and over again, how one of 
the happiest days of your time in the Senate was the day we passed that 
bill. Bob mentioned that.
  I will say for a lot of us who are here today, this is one of the 
saddest days in the Senate because the contribution that you have made 
here is one that is so unique and so singular, and it is entirely 
unfinished.
  I don't feel sorry for you, but I feel sorry for the rest of us. I 
know we are counting on you--counting on you--to make sure that you 
continue to fight the fight you have been fighting from the day you 
arrived here, the days you were secretary of state all those years ago 
in Ohio, for the rest of your life.
  Thanks, Sherrod, for your leadership and your friendship and for 
everything you have done for the American people.
  I yield the floor.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from Maryland.

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