[Congressional Record Volume 170, Number 145 (Wednesday, September 18, 2024)]
[Senate]
[Pages S6137-S6138]
From the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]



                    National Flood Insurance Program

  Mr. CASSIDY. Madam President, I have come here periodically to speak 
about issues with the National Flood Insurance Program. I will today, 
but first I am going to talk about resiliency, environmental resiliency 
in particular. I am going to talk about acts of heroism; I am going to 
talk about North Carolina and South Carolina; and then I am going to 
end up with the National Flood Insurance Program.
  Let's talk about resiliency. Hurricane Francine just hit my State, 
and where the Federal Government, State and local governments have 
invested and completed that investment in building resiliency, we did 
well. Our country did well.
  From the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act by itself, $367 
million has come to build flood control structures, and where those 
structures have been completed, they did not flood.
  It reminded me of a couple of years ago when Hurricane Ida made a 
direct hit on New Orleans. I was with a mayor and a local elected 
official. We looked at each other, and one of them said: The ground is 
dry. Contrasting with Katrina when the levees failed and the whole city 
flooded, the mayor was making the point the ground is dry.
  We can build resiliency. That is important for my State. It is 
important for your State, Madam President. It is important for our 
country. Wherever there is a threat of environmental disaster, with 
wise planning and public investment, we can build resiliency. That is 
the good news, and we saw that from Hurricane Francine.
  But every now and then, there is still a need for heroism. So I would 
like to give just some recognition to some folks in my State who did 
some really positive things.
  Folks from Louisiana have seen the story, heard the story of a guy 
named Miles Crawford, a nurse in New Orleans. In the middle of the 
storm, he gets a text from his brother. Someone had driven into the 
water and was sinking beneath the bridge. So the truck goes in, and 
then the truck begins to sink. Miles goes out there. It is on the TV. 
Somebody videoed it. He walks out there. I don't know how he broke the 
window, but he breaks the window, and the front is going down, but the 
person trapped inside comes out the back.
  I say that because whenever we invest, there is always going to be 
something that slips through. And I want to give a shout-out to a 
fellow American who, in an act of heroism--by the way, there were 
firefighters down in what we call the bayou section. There were the 
utility linemen who went out after

[[Page S6138]]

the storm and quickly put the electricity back up.
  But the point is that as much as we invest, still, we can look to 
individual Americans doing incredibly positive things for the sake of 
their fellow Americans. And I just want to give a shout-out to that. 
That will kind of lead into what I speak of in the National Flood 
Insurance Program.
  By the way, it is not just Miles in Lafourche Parish. The sheriff's 
department saved a total of 26 people from rising waters. They got 
calls. They went out. They rescued. Heroism almost becomes routine.
  Now, I am speaking of my State. It is easy to say: Oh, Louisiana 
floods. But let me talk about who else floods. The Carolinas have just 
had a rain event.
  By the way, I mentioned Lafourche Parish, but this is Morgan City. So 
it was through our region that you see we had rain, but they were able 
to address it.
  Now, this is Cherry Grove, SC. So rain events occur throughout our 
Nation.
  I remember doing a reform for the National Flood Insurance Program 
when I was in the House of Representatives, and the Representative from 
New Mexico suddenly got on my bill. I said: Hey, man, what is 
happening?
  He goes: We just had a rain event in our mountain and we had a gully 
washer and it flooded people in the gully.
  There was a similar incident from Colorado. So this can be not just 
on a coastal plain, but it can also be in a riverine system, where 
there is a sudden gush of water, for whatever reason, and those who are 
in the valley of the river or the gully also flood.
  Now, this is South Carolina. And I am using this to make the point 
that, one, you can build resiliency. As much as you build it, we still 
need people helping people.
  And, by the way, this is not limited to Louisiana; it is across our 
Nation. And this picture just gives us the opportunity to make the 
point that this recent rain event--September 15, 2024, in the 
Carolinas--is something which is across our Nation, which brings me to 
the National Flood Insurance Program.
  You know, we speak of building resiliency, but, still, we see either 
the resiliency has not been built or, for whatever other circumstance, 
there is still flooding. We see that we have these acts of heroism in 
which individuals help individuals. And, man, that is what makes 
America great.
  We see that this is not just in Louisiana, but it is across our 
country. That is how we get to how fellow Americans help fellow 
Americans, not just by our brave firefighter, sheriff, or a nurse doing 
something at the moment but by wise public policy.
  The wise public policy, as we have mentioned, is building resiliency, 
but it is also doing things like strengthening the National Flood 
Insurance Program to make it affordable, to make it accountable, and to 
make it sustainable. That should be our goal.
  The National Flood Insurance Program was created for a moment like 
this. The water is beginning to recede, but you can see water is in 
here now. Those folks are going to have to pick up the pieces. It was 
an event that was unexpected. They are flooding, and now they need help 
from their fellow Americans. They purchased insurance. They have done 
their part. But we need wise public policy to make sure that that flood 
insurance is affordable when the high water comes.
  The National Flood Insurance Program covers about 4.7 million 
Americans across our country. It enables people to rebuild when a flood 
destroys their home or just kind of washes out their belongings.
  There are two challenges that we have in Congress regarding this 
program. We have to reauthorize it so it doesn't expire on September 
30. My colleague Senator John Kennedy is sponsoring that straight-up 
reauthorization. That straight-up reauthorization is important for at 
least maintaining that minimum of coverage. But we also have to make it 
affordable again. Right now, it is unaffordable. It is unaffordable 
when it doesn't have to be unaffordable.
  At the heart of the problem is something called Risk Rating 2.0. And 
Risk Rating 2.0 is a way in which FEMA is adjusting premiums, not to 
make sure that they are still affordable but to, basically, pay back a 
$20 billion debt that was accumulated after Hurricane Katrina and there 
were so many claims upon the system.
  People in Louisiana consider that a little bit unjust. It was decided 
by a Federal judge that those levees failed in New Orleans because of a 
faulty design by the Army Corps of Engineers. But they failed. There 
are lots of claims, and now premiums are rising in an attempt to pay 
back that debt.
  Now, as those premiums have increased, they have become too expensive 
for some who dropped their coverage because the premium is too 
expensive. But when the people who are least likely to flood drop their 
coverage, the risk is concentrated on fewer, which means the premium 
rises even more, premiums go even higher, and a few more drop off.
  If we don't work to make this program affordable, it will enter what 
is called an actuarial death spiral where fewer and fewer are insured, 
the risk is concentrated on the remaining--which they cannot afford--
and the program falls apart. And this street is out of luck in Cherry 
Grove, SC, or perhaps in Lafourche Parish, LA, or perhaps even in a 
place in Nevada, where the Presiding Officer is from.
  Forty-four States have had over $50 million in NFIP claims. Multiple 
States have had over $1 billion in NFIP claims since 1978. This is not 
just a local issue; this is a national issue.
  And so my message to colleagues who represent--here you see it. 
Greater than $1 billion is the dark. Greater than $50 million is the 
in-between color between the light--notably, again, the Presiding 
Officer is from Nevada, which you think of as being a relatively arid 
State, but they have had over $50 million worth of claims in their 
State. But these have had over $1 billion.
  So I am just asking colleagues to recognize that just as a 
firefighter, as a nurse, as a sheriff helps a neighbor in the middle of 
a trying time, the National Flood Insurance Program is a way that 
Americans help fellow Americans after a trying time. And wherever you 
see a color here, there are fellow Americans who have been helped by 
this program.
  We are 12 days away from the September 30 expiration date. I would 
ask that we reauthorize and reform the National Flood Insurance Program 
before the opportunity has passed. Reauthorizing gives us time we need 
to find the right solution. We can reauthorize before the end of the 
year and find the right solution. It may be this Congress, it may be 
next Congress, but it is something that we must do. It must be 
bipartisan. It must reflect the interests of States across the Nation. 
But it is something that is the epitome of Americans helping fellow 
Americans.
  I look forward to fellow Members and their staff speaking to my staff 
and I about this. Let's solve this problem.
  I yield the floor.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. Ossoff). The Senator from Alaska.
  (The remarks of Ms. Murkowski pertaining to the introduction of S. 
5081 are printed in today's Record under ``Statements on Introduced 
Bills and Joint Resolutions.'')