[Congressional Record Volume 170, Number 120 (Wednesday, July 24, 2024)]
[Senate]
[Pages S5368-S5373]
From the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
SA 3071. Ms. CANTWELL (for herself and Mr. Young) submitted an
amendment intended to be proposed by her to the bill S. 4638, to
authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2025 for military activities
of the Department of Defense, for military construction, and for
defense activities of the Department of Energy, to prescribe military
personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and for other purposes; which
was ordered to lie on the table; as follows:
At the appropriate place, insert the following:
DIVISION _--FUTURE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE INNOVATION
SEC. 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS.
(a) Short Title.--This division may be cited as the
``Future of Artificial Intelligence Innovation Act of 2024''.
(b) Table of Contents.--The table of contents for this
division is as follows:
Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents.
Sec. 2. Sense of Congress.
Sec. 3. Definitions.
TITLE I--VOLUNTARY ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE STANDARDS, METRICS,
EVALUATION TOOLS, TESTBEDS, AND INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION
Subtitle A--Artificial Intelligence Safety Institute and Testbeds
Sec. 101. Artificial Intelligence Safety Institute.
Sec. 102. Program on artificial intelligence testbeds.
Sec. 103. National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department
of Energy testbed to identify, test, and synthesize new
materials.
Sec. 104. National Science Foundation and Department of Energy
collaboration to make scientific discoveries through the
use of artificial intelligence.
Sec. 105. Progress report.
Subtitle B--International Cooperation
Sec. 111. International coalition on innovation, development, and
harmonization of standards with respect to artificial
intelligence.
Sec. 112. Requirement to support bilateral and multilateral artificial
intelligence research collaborations.
Subtitle C--Identifying Regulatory Barriers to Innovation
Sec. 121. Comptroller General of the United States identification of
risks and obstacles relating to artificial intelligence
and Federal agencies.
TITLE II--ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT, CAPACITY
BUILDING ACTIVITIES
Sec. 201. Public data for artificial intelligence systems.
Sec. 202. Federal grand challenges in artificial intelligence.
SEC. 2. SENSE OF CONGRESS.
It is the sense of Congress that policies governing
artificial intelligence should maximize the potential and
development of artificial intelligence to benefit all private
and public stakeholders.
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SEC. 3. DEFINITIONS.
In this division:
(1) Agency.--The term ``agency'' has the meaning given such
term in section 3502 of title 44, United States Code, except
such term shall include an independent regulatory agency, as
defined in such section.
(2) Artificial intelligence.--The term ``artificial
intelligence'' has the meaning given such term in section
5002 of the National Artificial Intelligence Initiative Act
of 2020 (15 U.S.C. 9401).
(3) Artificial intelligence blue-teaming.--The term
``artificial intelligence blue-teaming'' means an effort to
conduct operational network vulnerability evaluations and
provide mitigation techniques to entities who have a need for
an independent technical review of the network security
posture of an artificial intelligence system.
(4) Artificial intelligence model.--The term ``artificial
intelligence model'' means a component of an artificial
intelligence system that is a model--
(A) derived using mathematical, computational, statistical,
or machine-learning techniques; and
(B) used as part of an artificial intelligence system to
produce outputs from a given set of inputs.
(5) Artificial intelligence red-teaming.--The term
``artificial intelligence red-teaming'' means structured
adversarial testing efforts of an artificial intelligence
system to identify risks, flaws, and vulnerabilities of the
artificial intelligence system, such as harmful outputs from
the system, unforeseen or undesirable system behaviors,
limitations, or potential risks associated with the misuse of
the system.
(6) Artificial intelligence risk management framework.--The
term ``Artificial Intelligence Risk Management Framework''
means the most recently updated version of the framework
developed and updated pursuant to section 22A(c) of the
National Institute of Standards and Technology Act (15 U.S.C.
278h-1(c)).
(7) Artificial intelligence system.--The term ``artificial
intelligence system'' has the meaning given such term in
section 7223 of the Advancing American AI Act (40 U.S.C.
11301 note).
(8) Critical infrastructure.--The term ``critical
infrastructure'' has the meaning given such term in section
1016(e) of the Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing
Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct
Terrorism (USA PATRIOT ACT) Act of 2001 (42 U.S.C. 5195c(e)).
(9) Federal laboratory.--The term ``Federal laboratory''
has the meaning given such term in section 4 of the
Stevenson-Wydler Technology Innovation Act of 1980 (15 U.S.C.
3703).
(10) Foundation model.--The term ``foundation model'' means
an artificial intelligence model trained on broad data at
scale and is adaptable to a wide range of downstream tasks.
(11) Generative artificial intelligence.--The term
``generative artificial intelligence'' means the class of
artificial intelligence models that utilize the structure and
characteristics of input data in order to generate outputs in
the form of derived synthetic content. Such derived synthetic
content can include images, videos, audio, text, software,
code, and other digital content.
(12) National laboratory.--The term ``National Laboratory''
has the meaning given such term in section 2 of the Energy
Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 15801).
(13) Synthetic content.--The term ``synthetic content''
means information, such as images, videos, audio clips, and
text, that has been significantly modified or generated by
algorithms, including by artificial intelligence.
(14) Testbed.--The term ``testbed'' means a facility or
mechanism equipped for conducting rigorous, transparent, and
replicable testing of tools and technologies, including
artificial intelligence systems, to help evaluate the
functionality, trustworthiness, usability, and performance of
those tools or technologies.
(15) TEVV.--The term ``TEVV'' means methodologies, metrics,
techniques, and tasks for testing, evaluating, verifying, and
validating artificial intelligence systems or components.
(16) Watermarking.--The term ``watermarking'' means the act
of embedding information that is intended to be difficult to
remove, into outputs generated by artificial intelligence,
including outputs such as text, images, audio, videos,
software code, or any other digital content or data, for the
purposes of verifying the authenticity of the output or the
identity or characteristics of its provenance, modifications,
or conveyance.
TITLE I--VOLUNTARY ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE STANDARDS, METRICS,
EVALUATION TOOLS, TESTBEDS, AND INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION
Subtitle A--Artificial Intelligence Safety Institute and Testbeds
SEC. 101. ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE SAFETY INSTITUTE.
(a) Establishment of Institute.--
(1) In general.--Not later than 1 year after the date of
the enactment of this Act, the Under Secretary of Commerce
for Standards and Technology (in this section referred to as
the ``Under Secretary'') shall establish an institute on
artificial intelligence.
(2) Designation.--The institute established pursuant to
paragraph (1) shall be known as the ``Artificial Intelligence
Safety Institute'' (in this section referred to as the
``Institute'').
(3) Mission.--The mission of the Institute is as follows:
(A) To assist the private sector and agencies in developing
voluntary best practices for the robust assessment of
artificial intelligence systems.
(B) To provide technical assistance for the adoption and
use of artificial intelligence across the Federal Government
to improve the quality of government services.
(C) To develop guidelines, methodologies, and best
practices to promote--
(i) development and adoption of voluntary, consensus-based
technical standards or industry standards;
(ii) long-term advancements in artificial intelligence
technologies; and
(iii) innovation in the artificial intelligence industry by
ensuring that companies of all sizes can succeed and thrive.
(b) Director.--The Under Secretary shall appoint a director
of the Institute, who shall be known as the ``Director of the
Artificial Intelligence Safety Institute'' (in this section
referred to as the ``Director'') and report directly to the
Under Secretary.
(c) Staff and Authorities.--
(1) Staff.--The Director may hire such full-time employees
as the Director considers appropriate to assist the Director
in carrying out the functions of the Institute.
(2) Use of authority to hire critical technical experts.--
In addition to making appointments under paragraph (1) of
this subsection, the Director, in coordination with the
Secretary of Commerce, may make appointments of scientific,
engineering, and professional personnel, and fix their basic
pay, under subsection (b) of section 6 of the National
Institute of Standards and Technology Act (15 U.S.C. 275) to
hire critical technical experts.
(3) Expansion of authority to hire critical technical
experts.--Such subsection is amended, in the second sentence,
by striking ``15'' and inserting ``30''.
(4) Modification of sunset.--Subsection (c) of such section
is amended by striking ``the date that is 5 years after the
date of the enactment of this section'' and inserting
``December 30, 2035''.
(5) Agreements.--The Director may enter into such
agreements, including contracts, grants, cooperative
agreements, and other transactions, as the Director considers
necessary to carry out the functions of the Institute and on
such terms as the Under Secretary considers appropriate.
(d) Consultation and Coordination.--In establishing the
Institute, the Under Secretary shall--
(1) coordinate with--
(A) the Secretary of Energy;
(B) the Secretary of Homeland Security;
(C) the Secretary of Defense;
(D) the Director of the National Science Foundation; and
(E) the Director of the Office of Science and Technology
Policy; and
(2) consult with the heads of such other Federal agencies
as the Under Secretary considers appropriate.
(e) Functions.--The functions of the Institute, which the
Institute shall carry out in coordination with the
laboratories of the National Institute of Standards and
Technology, are as follows:
(1) Research, evaluation, testing, and standards.--The
following functions relating to research, evaluation,
testing, and standards:
(A) Conducting measurement research into system and model
safety, validity and reliability, security, capabilities and
limitations, explainability, interpretability, and privacy.
(B) Working with the Department of Energy, the National
Science Foundation, public-private partnerships, including
the Artificial Intelligence Safety Institute Consortium
established under subsection (f), and other private sector
organizations to develop testing environments and perform
regular benchmarking and capability evaluations, including
artificial intelligence red-teaming as the Director considers
appropriate.
(C) Working with consensus-based, open, and transparent
standards development organizations (SDOs) and relevant
industry, Federal laboratories, civil society, and academic
institutions to advance development and adoption of clear,
implementable, technically sound, and technology-neutral
voluntary standards and guidelines that incorporate
appropriate variations in approach depending on the size of
the entity, the potential risks and potential benefits of the
artificial intelligence system, and the role of the entity
(such as developer, deployer, or user) relating to artificial
intelligence systems.
(D) Building upon the Artificial Intelligence Risk
Management Framework to incorporate guidelines on generative
artificial intelligence systems.
(E) Developing a companion resource to the Secure Software
Development Framework to incorporate secure development
practices for generative artificial intelligence and for
foundation models.
(F) Developing and publishing cybersecurity tools,
methodologies, best practices, voluntary guidelines, and
other supporting information to assist persons who maintain
systems used to create or train artificial intelligence
models to discover and mitigate vulnerabilities and attacks.
(G) Coordinating or developing guidelines, metrics,
benchmarks, and methodologies for
[[Page S5370]]
evaluating artificial intelligence systems, including the
following:
(i) Cataloging existing artificial intelligence metrics,
benchmarks, and evaluation methodologies used in industry and
academia.
(ii) Testing and validating the efficacy of existing
metrics, benchmarks, and evaluations, as well as TEVV tools
and products.
(iii) Funding and facilitating research and other
activities in a transparent manner, including at institutions
of higher education and other nonprofit and private sector
partners, to evaluate, develop, or improve TEVV capabilities,
with rigorous scientific merit, for artificial intelligence
systems.
(iv) Evaluating foundation models for their potential
effect in downstream systems, such as when retrained or fine-
tuned.
(H) Coordinating with counterpart institutions of
international partners and allies to promote global
interoperability in the development of research, evaluation,
testing, and standards relating to artificial intelligence.
(I) Developing tools, methodologies, best practices, and
voluntary guidelines for identifying vulnerabilities in
foundation models.
(J) Developing tools, methodologies, best practices, and
voluntary guidelines for relevant agencies to track incidents
resulting in harm caused by artificial intelligence systems.
(2) Implementation.--The following functions relating to
implementation:
(A) Using publicly available and voluntarily provided
information, conducting evaluations to assess the impacts of
artificial intelligence systems, and developing guidelines
and practices for safe development, deployment, and use of
artificial intelligence technology.
(B) Aligning capability evaluation and red-teaming
guidelines and benchmarks, sharing best practices, and
coordinating on building testbeds and test environments with
allies of the United States and international partners and
allies.
(C) Coordinating vulnerability and incident data sharing
with international partners and allies.
(D) Integrating appropriate testing capabilities and
infrastructure for testing of models and systems.
(E) Establishing blue-teaming capabilities to develop
mitigation approaches and partner with industry to address
risks and negative impacts.
(F) Developing voluntary guidelines on--
(i) detecting synthetic content, authenticating content and
tracking of the provenance of content, labeling original and
synthetic content, such as by watermarking, and evaluating
software and systems relating to detection and labeling of
synthetic content;
(ii) ensuring artificial intelligence systems do not
violate privacy rights or other rights; and
(iii) transparency documentation of artificial intelligence
datasets and artificial intelligence models.
(G) Coordinating with relevant agencies to develop or
support, as the heads of the agencies determine appropriate,
sector- and application-specific profiles of the Artificial
Intelligence Risk Management Framework for different use
cases, integrating end-user experience and on-going
development work into a continuously evolving toolkit.
(3) Operations and engagement.--The following functions
relating to operations and engagement:
(A) Managing the work of the Institute, developing internal
processes, and ensuring that the Institute meets applicable
goals and targets.
(B) Engaging with the private sector to promote innovation
and competitiveness.
(C) Engaging with international standards organizations,
multilateral organizations, and similar institutes among
allies and partners.
(f) Artificial Intelligence Safety Institute Consortium.--
(1) Establishment.--
(A) In general.--Not later than 180 days after the date of
the enactment of this Act, the Under Secretary shall
establish a consortium of stakeholders from academic or
research communities, Federal laboratories, private industry,
including companies of all sizes with different roles in the
use of artificial intelligence systems, including developers,
deployers, and users, and civil society with expertise in
matters relating to artificial intelligence to support the
Institute in carrying out the functions set forth under
subsection (e).
(B) Designation.--The consortium established pursuant to
subparagraph (A) shall be known as the ``Artificial
Intelligence Safety Institute Consortium''.
(2) Consultation.--The Under Secretary, acting through the
Director, shall consult with the consortium established under
this subsection not less frequently than quarterly.
(3) Report to congress.--Not later than 2 years after the
date of the enactment of this Act, the Director of the
National Institute of Standards and Technology shall submit
to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of
the Senate and the Committee on Science, Space, and
Technology of the House of Representatives a report
summarizing the contributions of the members of the
consortium established under this subsection in support the
efforts of the Institute.
(g) Artificial Intelligence System Testing.--In carrying
out the Institute functions required by subsection (a), the
Under Secretary shall support and contribute to the
development of voluntary, consensus-based technical standards
for testing artificial intelligence system components,
including, as the Under Secretary considers appropriate, the
following:
(1) Physical infrastructure for training or developing
artificial intelligence models and systems, including cloud
infrastructure.
(2) Physical infrastructure for operating artificial
intelligence systems, including cloud infrastructure.
(3) Data for training artificial intelligence models.
(4) Data for evaluating the functionality and
trustworthiness of trained artificial intelligence models and
systems.
(5) Trained or partially trained artificial intelligence
models and any resulting software systems or products.
(h) Gifts.--
(1) Authority.--The Director may seek, accept, hold,
administer, and use gifts from public and private sources
whenever the Director determines it would be in the interest
of the United States to do so.
(2) Regulations.--The Director, in consultation with the
Director of the Office of Government Ethics, shall ensure
that authority under this subsection is exercised consistent
with all relevant ethical constraints and principles,
including--
(A) the avoidance of any prohibited conflict of interest or
appearance of impropriety; and
(B) a prohibition against the acceptance of a gift from a
foreign government or an agent of a foreign government.
(i) Rule of Construction.--Nothing in this section shall be
construed to provide the Director of the National Institute
of Standards and Technology any enforcement authority that
was not in effect on the day before the date of the enactment
of this Act.
SEC. 102. PROGRAM ON ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TESTBEDS.
(a) Definitions.--In this section:
(1) Appropriate committees of congress.--The term
``appropriate committees of Congress'' means--
(A) the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation
and the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the
Senate; and
(B) the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the
House of Representatives.
(2) Director.--The term ``Director'' means the Director of
the National Science Foundation.
(3) Institute.--The term ``Institute'' means the Artificial
Intelligence Safety Institute established by section 101.
(4) Secretary.--The term ``Secretary'' means the Secretary
of Energy.
(5) Under secretary.--The term ``Under Secretary'' means
the Under Secretary of Commerce for Standards and Technology.
(b) Program Required.--Not later than 180 days after the
date of the enactment of this Act, the Under Secretary shall,
in coordination with the Secretary and the Director,
establish and commence carrying out a testbed program to
encourage collaboration and support partnerships between the
National Laboratories, the National Institute of Standards
and Technology, the National Artificial Intelligence Research
Resource pilot program established by the Director of the
National Science Foundation, or any successor program, and
public and private sector entities, including companies of
all sizes, to conduct research and development, tests,
evaluations, and risk assessments of artificial intelligence
systems, including measurement methodologies developed by the
Institute.
(c) Activities.--In carrying out this program, the Under
Secretary shall, in coordination with the Secretary--
(1) use the advanced computing resources, testbeds, and
expertise of the National Laboratories, the Institute, the
National Science Foundation, and private sector entities to
run tests and evaluations on the capabilities and limitations
of artificial intelligence systems;
(2) use existing solutions to the maximum extent
practicable;
(3) develop automated and reproducible tests, evaluations,
and risk assessments for artificial intelligence systems to
the extent that is practicable;
(4) assess the computational resources necessary to run
tests, evaluations, and risk assessments of artificial
intelligence systems;
(5) research methods to effectively minimize the
computational resources needed to run tests, evaluations, and
risk assessments of artificial intelligence systems;
(6) consider developing tests, evaluations, and risk
assessments for artificial intelligence systems that are
designed for high-, medium-, and low-computational intensity;
and
(7) prioritize identifying and evaluating scenarios in
which the artificial intelligence systems tested or evaluated
by a testbed could be deployed in a way that poses security
risks, and either establishing classified testbeds, or
utilizing existing classified testbeds, at the National
Laboratories if necessary, including with respect to--
(A) autonomous offensive cyber capabilities;
(B) cybersecurity vulnerabilities in the artificial
intelligence software ecosystem and beyond;
(C) chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, critical
infrastructure, and energy-security threats or hazards; and
(D) such other capabilities as the Under Secretary
determines necessary.
(d) Consideration Given.--In carrying out the activities
required by subsection (c), the
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Under Secretary shall, in coordination with the Secretary,
take under consideration the applicability of any tests,
evaluations, and risk assessments to artificial intelligence
systems trained using primarily biological sequence data,
including those systems used for gene synthesis.
(e) Metrics.--The Under Secretary, in collaboration with
the Secretary, shall develop metrics--
(1) to assess the effectiveness of the program in
encouraging collaboration and supporting partnerships as
described in subsection (b); and
(2) to assess the impact of the program on public and
private sector integration and use of artificial intelligence
systems.
(f) Use of Existing Program.--In carrying out the program
required by subsection (a), the Under Secretary may, in
collaboration with the Secretary and the Director, use a
program that was in effect on the day before the date of the
enactment of this Act.
(g) Evaluation and Findings.--Not later than 3 years after
the start of this program, the Under Secretary shall, in
collaboration with the Secretary--
(1) evaluate the success of the program in encouraging
collaboration and supporting partnerships as described in
subsection (b), using the metrics developed pursuant to
subsection (e);
(2) evaluate the success of the program in encouraging
public and private sector integration and use of artificial
intelligence systems by using the metrics developed pursuant
to subsection (e); and
(3) submit to the appropriate committees of Congress the
evaluation supported pursuant to paragraph (1) and the
findings of the Under Secretary, the Secretary, and the
Director with respect to the testbed program.
(h) Consultation.--In carrying out subsection (b), the
Under Secretary shall consult, as the Under Secretary
considers appropriate, with the following:
(1) Industry, including private artificial intelligence
laboratories, companies of all sizes, and representatives
from the United States financial sector.
(2) Academia and institutions of higher education.
(3) Civil society.
(4) Third-party evaluators.
(i) Establishment of Foundation Models Test Program.--In
carrying out the program under subsection (b), the Under
Secretary shall, acting through the Director of the Institute
and in coordination with the Secretary of Energy, carry out a
test program to provide vendors of foundation models the
opportunity to voluntarily test foundation models across a
range of modalities, such as models that ingest and output
text, images, audio, video, software code, and mixed
modalities, relative to the Artificial Intelligence Risk
Management Framework, by--
(1) conducting research and regular testing to improve and
benchmark the accuracy, efficacy, and bias of foundation
models;
(2) conducting research to identify key capabilities,
limitations, and unexpected behaviors of foundation models;
(3) identifying and evaluating scenarios in which these
models could pose risks;
(4) establishing reference use cases for foundation models
and performance criteria for assessing each use case,
including accuracy, efficacy, and bias metrics;
(5) enabling developers and deployers of foundation models
to evaluate such systems for risks, incidents, and
vulnerabilities if deployed in such use cases;
(6) coordinating public evaluations, which may include
prizes and challenges, to evaluate foundation models; and
(7) as the Under Secretary and the Secretary consider
appropriate, producing public-facing reports of the findings
from such testing for a general audience.
(j) Rule of Construction.--Nothing in this section shall be
construed to require a person to disclose any information,
including information--
(1) relating to a trade secret or other protected
intellectual property right;
(2) that is confidential business information; or
(3) that is privileged.
SEC. 103. NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY AND
DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY TESTBED TO IDENTIFY, TEST,
AND SYNTHESIZE NEW MATERIALS.
(a) Testbed Authorized.--The Secretary of Commerce, acting
through the Director of the National Institute of Standards
and Technology, and the Secretary of Energy shall jointly
establish a testbed to identify, test, and synthesize new
materials to advance materials science and to support
advanced manufacturing for the benefit of the United States
economy through the use of artificial intelligence,
autonomous laboratories, and artificial intelligence
integrated with emerging technologies, such as quantum hybrid
computing and robotics.
(b) Support for Accelerated Technologies.--The Secretary of
Commerce and the Secretary of Energy shall ensure that
technologies accelerated using the testbed established
pursuant to subsection (a) are supported by advanced
algorithms and models, uncertainty quantification, and
software and workforce development tools to produce benchmark
data, model comparison tools, and best practices guides.
(c) Public-Private Partnerships.--In carrying out
subsection (a), the Secretary of Commerce and the Secretary
of Energy shall, in consultation with industry, civil
society, and academia, enter into such public-private
partnerships as the Secretaries jointly determine
appropriate.
(d) Resources.--In carrying out subsection (a), the
Secretaries may use resources from National Laboratories and
the private sector.
SEC. 104. NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION AND DEPARTMENT OF
ENERGY COLLABORATION TO MAKE SCIENTIFIC
DISCOVERIES THROUGH THE USE OF ARTIFICIAL
INTELLIGENCE.
(a) In General.--The Director of the National Science
Foundation (referred to in this section as the ``Director'')
and the Secretary of Energy (referred to in this section as
the ``Secretary'') shall collaborate to support new
translational scientific discoveries and advancements for the
benefit of the economy of the United States through the use
of artificial intelligence, including artificial intelligence
integrated with emerging technologies, such as quantum hybrid
computing and robotics.
(b) Public-Private Partnerships.--In carrying out
subsection (a), the Director and the Secretary shall enter
into such public-private partnerships as the Director and the
Secretary jointly determine appropriate.
(c) Resources.--In carrying out subsection (a), the
Director and the Secretary may accept and use resources from
the National Laboratories, resources from the private sector,
and academic resources.
SEC. 105. PROGRESS REPORT.
Not later than 1 year after the date of the enactment of
this Act, the Director of the Artificial Intelligence Safety
Institute shall, in coordination with the Secretary of
Commerce and the Secretary of Energy, submit to Congress a
report on the implementation of this subtitle.
Subtitle B--International Cooperation
SEC. 111. INTERNATIONAL COALITION ON INNOVATION, DEVELOPMENT,
AND HARMONIZATION OF STANDARDS WITH RESPECT TO
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE.
(a) In General.--The Secretary of Commerce, the Secretary
of State, and the Director of the Office of Science and
Technology Policy (in this section referred to as the
``Director''), in consultation with the heads of relevant
agencies, shall jointly seek to form an alliance or coalition
with like-minded governments of foreign countries--
(1) to cooperate on approaches to innovation and
advancements in artificial intelligence and ecosystems for
artificial intelligence;
(2) to coordinate on development and use of interoperable
international standards or harmonization of standards with
respect to artificial intelligence;
(3) to promote adoption of common artificial intelligence
standards;
(4) to develop the government-to-government infrastructure
needed to facilitate coordination of coherent global
application of artificial intelligence safety standards,
including, where appropriate, putting in place agreements for
information sharing between governments; and
(5) to involve private-sector stakeholders from partner
countries to help inform coalition partners on recent
developments in artificial intelligence and associated
standards development.
(b) Criteria for Participation.--In forming an alliance or
coalition of like-minded governments of foreign countries
under subsection (a), the Secretary of Commerce, the
Secretary of State, and the Director, in consultation with
the heads of relevant agencies, shall jointly establish
technology trust criteria--
(1) to ensure all participating countries that have a high
level of scientific and technological advancement;
(2) to ensure all participating countries commit to using
open international standards; and
(3) to support the governance principles for international
standards as detailed in the World Trade Organization
Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade, done at Geneva
April 12, 1979, on international standards, such as
transparency, openness, and consensus-based decision-making.
(c) Consultation on Innovation and Advancements in
Artificial Intelligence.--In forming an alliance or coalition
under subsection (a), the Director, the Secretary of
Commerce, and the Secretary of State shall consult with the
Secretary of Energy and the Director of the National Science
Foundation on approaches to innovation and advancements in
artificial intelligence.
(d) Security and Protection of Intellectual Property.--The
Director, the Secretary of Commerce, and the Secretary of
State shall jointly ensure that an alliance or coalition
formed under subsection (a) is only formed with countries
that--
(1) have in place sufficient intellectual property
protections, safety standards, and risk management approaches
relevant to innovation and artificial intelligence; and
(2) develop and coordinate research security measures,
export controls, and intellectual property protections
relevant to innovation, development, and standard-setting
relating to artificial intelligence.
(e) Rule of Construction.--Nothing in this section shall be
construed to prohibit anyone from participating in other
international standards bodies.
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SEC. 112. REQUIREMENT TO SUPPORT BILATERAL AND MULTILATERAL
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE RESEARCH
COLLABORATIONS.
(a) In General.--The Director of the National Science
Foundation shall support bilateral and multilateral
collaborations to facilitate innovation in research and
development of artificial intelligence.
(b) Alignment With Priorities.--The Director shall ensure
that collaborations supported under subsection (a) align with
the priorities of the Foundation and United States research
community and have the potential to benefit United States
prosperity, security, health, and well-being.
(c) Requirements.--The Director shall ensure that
collaborations supported under subsection (a)--
(1) support innovation and advancement in research on the
development and use of artificial intelligence;
(2) facilitate international collaboration on innovation
and advancement in artificial intelligence research and
development, including data sharing, expertise, and
resources; and
(3) leverage existing National Science Foundation programs,
such as the National Science Foundation-supported National
Artificial Intelligence Research Institutes and Global
Centers programs.
(d) Coordination of Security Measures and Export
Controls.--When entering into agreements in order to support
collaborations pursuant to subsection (a), the Director shall
ensure that participating countries have developed and
coordinated security measures and export controls to protect
intellectual property and research and development.
Subtitle C--Identifying Regulatory Barriers to Innovation
SEC. 121. COMPTROLLER GENERAL OF THE UNITED STATES
IDENTIFICATION OF RISKS AND OBSTACLES RELATING
TO ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND FEDERAL
AGENCIES.
(a) Report Required.--Not later than 1 year after the date
of the enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General of the
United States shall submit to Congress a report on regulatory
impediments to innovation in artificial intelligence systems.
(b) Contents.--The report submitted pursuant to subsection
(a) shall include the following:
(1) Significant examples of Federal statutes and
regulations that directly affect the innovation of artificial
intelligence systems, including the ability of companies of
all sizes to compete in artificial intelligence, which should
also account for the effect of voluntary standards and best
practices developed by the Federal Government.
(2) An assessment of challenges that Federal agencies face
in the enforcement of provisions of law identified pursuant
to paragraph (1).
(3) An evaluation of the progress in government adoption of
artificial intelligence and use of artificial intelligence to
improve the quality of government services.
(4) Based on the findings of the Comptroller General with
respect to paragraphs (1) through (4), such recommendations
as the Comptroller General may have for legislative or
administrative action to increase the rate of innovation in
artificial intelligence systems.
TITLE II--ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT, CAPACITY
BUILDING ACTIVITIES
SEC. 201. PUBLIC DATA FOR ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE SYSTEMS.
(a) List of Priorities.--
(1) In general.--To expedite the development of artificial
intelligence systems in the United States, the Director of
the Office of Science and Technology Policy shall, acting
through the National Science and Technology Council and the
Interagency Committee established or designated pursuant to
section 5103 of the National Artificial Intelligence
Initiative Act of 2020 (15 U.S.C. 9413), develop a list of
priorities for Federal investment in creating or improving
curated, publicly available Federal Government data for
training and evaluating artificial intelligence systems.
(2) Requirements.--
(A) In general.--The list developed pursuant to paragraph
(1) shall--
(i) prioritize data that will advance novel artificial
intelligence systems in the public interest; and
(ii) prioritize datasets unlikely to independently receive
sufficient private sector support to enable their creation,
absent Federal funding.
(B) Datasets identified.--In carrying out subparagraph
(A)(ii), the Director shall identify 20 datasets to be
prioritized.
(3) Considerations.--In developing the list under paragraph
(1), the Director shall consider the following:
(A) Applicability to the initial list of societal,
national, and geostrategic challenges set forth by subsection
(b) of section 10387 of the Research and Development,
Competition, and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 19107), or any
successor list.
(B) Applicability to the initial list of key technology
focus areas set forth by subsection (c) of such section, or
any successor list.
(C) Applicability to other major United States economic
sectors, such as agriculture, health care, transportation,
manufacturing, communications, weather services, and positive
utility to small and medium United States businesses.
(D) Opportunities to improve datasets in effect before the
date of the enactment of this Act.
(E) Inclusion of data representative of the entire
population of the United States.
(F) Potential national security threats to releasing
datasets, consistent with the United States Government
approach to data flows.
(G) Requirements of laws in effect.
(H) Applicability to the priorities listed in the National
Artificial Intelligence Research and Development Strategic
Plan of the National Science and Technology Council, dated
October 2016.
(I) Ability to use data already made available to the
National Artificial Intelligence Research Resource Pilot
program or any successor program.
(4) Public input.--Before finalizing the list required by
paragraph (1), the Director shall implement public comment
procedures for receiving input and comment from private
industry, academia, civil society, and other relevant
stakeholders.
(b) National Science and Technology Council Agencies.--The
head of each agency with a representative included in the
Interagency Committee pursuant to section 5103(c) of the
National Artificial Intelligence Initiative Act of 2020 (15
U.S.C. 9413(c)) or the heads of multiple agencies with a
representative included in the Interagency Committee working
cooperatively, consistent with the missions or
responsibilities of each Executive agency--
(1) subject to the availability of appropriations, shall
award grants or otherwise establish incentives, through new
or existing programs, for the creation or improvement of
curated datasets identified in the list developed pursuant to
subsection (a)(1), including methods for addressing data
scarcity;
(2) may establish or leverage existing initiatives,
including public-private partnerships, to encourage private
sector cost-sharing in the creation or improvement of such
datasets;
(3) may apply the priorities set forth in the list
developed pursuant to subsection (a)(1) to the enactment of
Federal public access and open government data policies;
(4) in carrying out this subsection, shall ensure
consistency with Federal provisions of law relating to
privacy, including the technology and privacy standards
applied to the National Secure Data Service under section
10375(f) of the Research and Development, Competition, and
Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 19085(f)); and
(5) in carrying out this subsection, shall ensure data
sharing is limited with any country that the Secretary of
Commerce, in consultation with the Secretary of Defense, the
Secretary of State, and the Director of National
Intelligence, determines to be engaged in conduct that is
detrimental to the national security or foreign policy of the
United States.
(c) Availability of Datasets.--Datasets that are created or
improved by Federal agencies may be made available to the
National Artificial Intelligence Research Resource pilot
program established by the Director of the National Science
Foundation in accordance with Executive Order 14110 (88 Fed.
Reg. 75191; relating to safe, secure, and trustworthy
development and use of artificial intelligence), or any
successor program.
(d) Rule of Construction.--Nothing in this subsection shall
be construed to require the Federal Government or other
contributors to disclose any information--
(1) relating to a trade secret or other protected
intellectual property right;
(2) that is confidential business information; or
(3) that is privileged.
SEC. 202. FEDERAL GRAND CHALLENGES IN ARTIFICIAL
INTELLIGENCE.
(a) List of Priorities for Federal Grand Challenges in
Artificial Intelligence.--
(1) List required.--Not later than 1 year after the date of
the enactment of this Act, the Director of the Office of
Science and Technology Policy shall, acting through the
National Science and Technology Council and the Interagency
Committee established or designated pursuant to section 5103
of the National Artificial Intelligence Initiative Act of
2020 (15 U.S.C. 9413), in consultation with industry, civil
society, and academia, establish a list of priorities for
Federal grand challenges in artificial intelligence that
seek--
(A) to expedite the development of artificial intelligence
systems in the United States; and
(B) to stimulate artificial intelligence research,
development, and commercialization that solves or advances
specific, well-defined, and measurable challenges.
(2) Contents.--The list established pursuant to paragraph
(1) may include the following priorities:
(A) To overcome challenges with engineering of and applied
research on microelectronics, including through integration
of artificial intelligence with emerging technologies, such
as machine learning and quantum computing, or with respect to
the physical limits on transistors, electrical interconnects,
and memory elements.
(B) To promote transformational or long-term advancements
in computing and artificial intelligence technologies
through--
(i) next-generation algorithm design;
(ii) next-generation compute capability;
(iii) generative and adaptive artificial intelligence for
design applications;
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(iv) photonics-based microprocessors and optical
communication networks, including electrophotonics;
(v) the chemistry and physics of new materials;
(vi) energy use or energy efficiency;
(vii) techniques to establish cryptographically secure
content provenance information; or
(viii) safety and controls for artificial intelligence
applications.
(C) To develop artificial intelligence solutions, including
through integration among emerging technologies such as
quantum computing and machine learning, to overcome barriers
relating to innovations in advanced manufacturing in the
United States, including areas such as--
(i) materials, nanomaterials, and composites;
(ii) rapid, complex design;
(iii) sustainability and environmental impact of
manufacturing operations;
(iv) predictive maintenance of machinery;
(v) improved part quality;
(vi) process inspections;
(vii) worker safety; and
(viii) robotics.
(D) To develop artificial intelligence solutions in sectors
of the economy, such as expanding the use of artificial
intelligence in maritime vessels, including in navigation and
in the design of propulsion systems and fuels.
(E) To develop artificial intelligence solutions to improve
border security, including solutions relevant to the
detection of fentanyl, illicit contraband, and other illegal
activities.
(3) Periodic updates.--The Director shall update the list
established pursuant to paragraph (1) periodically as the
Director determines necessary.
(b) Federal Investment Initiatives Required.--Subject to
the availability of appropriations, the head of each agency
with a representative on the Interagency Committee pursuant
to section 5103(c) of the National Artificial Intelligence
Initiative Act of 2020 (15 U.S.C. 9413(c)) or the heads of
multiple agencies with a representative on the Interagency
Committee working cooperatively, shall, consistent with the
missions or responsibilities of each agency, establish 1 or
more prize competitions under section 24 of the Stevenson-
Wydler Technology Innovation Act of 1980 (15 U.S.C. 3719),
challenge-based acquisitions, or other research and
development investments that each agency head deems
appropriate consistent with the list of priorities
established pursuant to subsection (a)(1).
(c) Timing and Announcements of Federal Investment
Initiatives.--The President, acting through the Director,
shall ensure that, not later than 1 year after the date on
which the Director establishes the list required by
subsection (a)(1), at least 3 prize competitions, challenge-
based acquisitions, or other research and development
investments are announced by heads of Federal agencies under
subsection (b).
(d) Requirements.--Each head of an agency carrying out an
investment initiative under subsection (b) shall ensure
that--
(1) for each prize competition or investment initiative
carried out by the agency under such subsection, there is--
(A) a positive impact on the economic competitiveness of
the United States;
(B) a benefit to United States industry;
(C) to the extent possible, leveraging of the resources and
expertise of industry and philanthropic partners in shaping
the investments; and
(D) in a case involving development and manufacturing, use
of advanced manufacturing in the United States; and
(2) all research conducted for purposes of the investment
initiative is conducted in the United States.
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