[Congressional Record Volume 170, Number 115 (Thursday, July 11, 2024)]
[Senate]
[Page S4955]
From the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]

  SA 2622. Mr. WELCH submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by 
him to the bill S. 4638, to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 
2025 for military activities of the Department of Defense, for military 
construction, and for defense activities of the Department of Energy, 
to prescribe military personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and for 
other purposes; which was ordered to lie on the table; as follows:

       At the appropriate place in title XVI, insert the 
     following:

     SEC. ___. MANAGING RISKS RELATING TO MILITARY USE OF 
                   ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE.

       (a) Ledger of Use and Deployment.--
       (1) In general.--The Secretary of Defense shall create a 
     ledger of all uses by the Department of Defense of covered 
     systems.
       (2) Requirements.--The ledger created pursuant to paragraph 
     (1) shall be a structured, indexed database.
       (b) Risk Assessment Process.--
       (1) In general.--The Secretary shall establish a risk 
     assessment process that holistically evaluates each unique 
     deployment or implementation by the Department of a covered 
     system in the ledger required by such subsection.
       (2) Elements.--
       (A) In general.--The process required by paragraph (1) 
     shall, at a minimum, cover matters relating to the following:
       (i) Accuracy.
       (ii) Cybersecurity.
       (iii) Privacy.
       (iv) Bias.
       (v) Bias towards escalation.
       (vi) Deployment span.
       (vii) Risk of civilian harm.
       (B) Bias towards escalation.--For purposes of subparagraph 
     (A)(iii), the process shall cover assessment of bias relating 
     to whether technology ever deescalates conflict situations.
       (C) Deployment span.--For purposes of subparagraph (A)(v), 
     the process shall address changes in risk levels based on 
     whether covered systems are deployed singularly or in 
     clusters or swarms.
       (3) Annual assessments.--The Secretary shall ensure that 
     the process required by paragraph (1) requires reevaluation 
     of each covered system included in the ledger required by 
     subsection (a)--
       (A) not less frequently than annually; and
       (B) whenever--
       (i) the underlying foundation artificial intelligence model 
     receives an update that notably shifts the capabilities of 
     the covered system; and
       (ii) the Department procures any covered system that has 
     not previously been evaluated by the process.
       (c) Annotations Regarding Exports.--The Secretary shall 
     annotate in the ledger required by subsection (a) when--
       (1) a covered system developed or owned by the Department 
     is shared with a foreign country, exported to a foreign 
     country, or used by any foreign person or government; and
       (2) such sharing, exporting, or use presents additional 
     risk covered by the risk assessment process required by 
     subsection (b).
       (d) Submittal to Congress.--
       (1) In general.--Not later than one year after the date of 
     the enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall submit to 
     Congress the following:
       (A) The ledger required by subsection (a).
       (B) A report on the findings of the Secretary with respect 
     to the risk assessments conducted pursuant to the risk 
     assessment process established under subsection (b).
       (C) The annotations made under subsection (c).
       (2) Form.--Submittal pursuant to paragraph (1) shall be, to 
     the fullest extent possible, in unclassified form, but may 
     include a classified annex to the degree the Secretary 
     considers necessary.
       (3) Public availability.--The Secretary shall make 
     available to the public the unclassified portion of the 
     submittal under paragraph (1).
       (e) Covered System Defined.--In this section, the term 
     ``covered system'' includes the following systems that are 
     enabled by artificial intelligence:
       (1) A weapon system.
       (2) A targeting system.
       (3) A decision support system that aids a system described 
     in paragraph (1) or (2).
                                 ______