[Congressional Record Volume 170, Number 66 (Tuesday, April 16, 2024)]
[Senate]
[Pages S2762-S2765]
From the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]




   EXHIBITION OF ARTICLES OF IMPEACHMENT AGAINST ALEJANDRO NICHOLAS 
                MAYORKAS, SECRETARY OF HOMELAND SECURITY

  At 2:38 p.m., the managers on the part of the House of 
Representatives of the impeachment of Alejandro Nicholas Mayorkas, 
Secretary of Homeland Security, appeared below the bar of the Senate, 
and the Sergeant at Arms, Karen Gibson, announced their presence, as 
follows:

       Madam President and Members of the Senate, I announce the 
     presence of managers on the part of the House of 
     Representatives to conduct proceedings on behalf of the House 
     concerning the impeachment of Alejandro Nicholas Mayorkas, 
     Secretary of Homeland Security.

  The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The managers on the part of the House will 
be received and escorted to the well of the Senate.
  The managers were thereupon escorted by the Sergeant at Arms of the 
Senate, Karen Gibson, to the well of the Senate.
  The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Sergeant at Arms will make the 
proclamation.
  The Sergeant at Arms, Karen Gibson, made the proclamation, as 
follows:

       Hear ye! Hear ye! Hear ye! All persons are commanded to 
     keep silent, on pain of imprisonment, while the House of 
     Representatives is exhibiting to the Senate of the United 
     States articles of impeachment exhibited by the House of 
     Representatives against Alejandro Nicholas Mayorkas, 
     Secretary of Homeland Security.

  The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The managers on the part of the House will 
proceed.
  Mr. Manager GREEN of Tennessee. Madam President, the managers on the 
part of the House of Representatives are present and ready to present 
the Articles of Impeachment, which have been preferred by the House of 
Representatives against Alejandro Nicholas Mayorkas, Secretary of the 
Department of Homeland Security.
  The House adopted the following resolution, which, with permission of 
the Senate, I will read, H. Res. 995:
    Resolved, That Mr. Green of Tennessee, Mr. McCaul, Mr. Biggs, Mr. 
Higgins of Lousiana, Mr. Cline, Mr. Guest, Mr. Garbarino, Ms. Greene of 
Georgia, Mr. Pfluger, Ms. Hageman, and Ms. Lee of Florida, are 
appointed managers to conduct the impeachment trial against Alejandro 
Nicholas Mayorkas, Secretary of Homeland Security, that a message be 
sent to the Senate to inform the Senate of these appointments, and that 
the managers so appointed may, in connection with the preparation and 
the conduct of the trial, exhibit the articles of impeachment to the 
Senate and take all other actions necessary, which may include the 
following:
  (1) Employing legal, clerical, and other necessary assistants and 
incurring such other expenses as may be necessary, to be paid from 
amounts available to the Committee on Homeland Security under 
applicable expense resolutions or from the applicable accounts of the 
House of Representatives.
  (2) Sending for persons and papers, and filing with the Secretary of 
the Senate, on the part of the House of Representatives, any pleadings, 
in conjunction with or subsequent to, the exhibition of the articles of 
impeachment that the managers consider necessary.
  Mr. Manager GREEN of Tennessee. With permission of the Senate, I will 
now read the Articles of Impeachment, H. Res. 863:
  Resolved, That Alejandro Nicholas Mayorkas, Secretary of Homeland 
Security of the United States of America, is impeached for high crimes 
and misdemeanors, and that the following articles of impeachment be 
exhibited to the United States Senate:
  Articles of impeachment exhibited by the House of Representatives of 
the United States of America in the name of itself and of the people of 
the United States of America, against Alejandro N. Mayorkas, Secretary 
of Homeland Security of the United States of America, in maintenance 
and support of its impeachment against him for high crimes and 
misdemeanors.


     article i: willful and systemic refusal to comply with the law

  The Constitution provides that the House of Representatives ``shall 
have

[[Page S2763]]

the sole Power of Impeachment'' and that civil Officers of the United 
States, including the Secretary of Homeland Security, ``shall be 
removed from Office on Impeachment for, and Conviction of, Treason, 
Bribery, or other high Crimes and Misdemeanors''. In his conduct while 
Secretary of Homeland Security, Alejandro N. Mayorkas, in violation of 
his oath to support and defend the Constitution of the United States 
against all enemies, foreign and domestic, to bear true faith and 
allegiance to the same, and to well and faithfully discharge the duties 
of his office, has willfully and systemically refused to comply with 
Federal immigration laws, in that:
  Throughout his tenure as Secretary of Homeland Security, Alejandro N. 
Mayorkas has repeatedly violated laws enacted by Congress regarding 
immigration and border security. In large part because of his unlawful 
conduct, millions of aliens have illegally entered the United States on 
an annual basis with many unlawfully remaining in the United States. 
His refusal to obey the law is not only an offense against the 
separation of powers in the Constitution of the United States, it also 
threatens our national security and has had a dire impact on 
communities across the country. Despite clear evidence that his willful 
and systemic refusal to comply with the law has significantly 
contributed to unprecedented levels of illegal entrants, the increased 
control of the Southwest border by drug cartels, and the imposition of 
enormous costs on States and localities affected by the influx of 
aliens, Alejandro N. Mayorkas has continued in his refusal to comply 
with the law, and thereby acted to the grave detriment of the interests 
of the United States.
  Alejandro N. Mayorkas engaged in this scheme or course of conduct 
through the following means:
  (1) Alejandro N. Mayorkas willfully refused to comply with the 
detention mandate set forth in section 235(b)(2)(A) of the Immigration 
and Nationality Act, requiring that all applicants for admission who 
are ``not clearly and beyond a doubt entitled to be admitted . . . 
shall be detained for a [removal] proceeding . . .''. Instead of 
complying with this requirement, Alejandro N. Mayorkas implemented a 
catch and release scheme, whereby such aliens are unlawfully released, 
even without effective mechanisms to ensure appearances before the 
immigration courts for removal proceedings or to ensure removal in the 
case of aliens ordered removed.
  (2) Alejandro N. Mayorkas willfully refused to comply with the 
detention mandate set forth in section 235(b)(1)(B)(ii) of such Act, 
requiring that an alien who is placed into expedited removal 
proceedings and determined to have a credible fear of persecution 
``shall be detained for further consideration of the application for 
asylum''. Instead of complying with this requirement, Alejandro N. 
Mayorkas implemented a catch and release scheme, whereby such aliens 
are unlawfully released, even without effective mechanisms to ensure 
appearances before the immigration courts for removal proceedings or to 
ensure removal in the case of aliens ordered removed.
  (3) Alejandro N. Mayorkas willfully refused to comply with the 
detention set forth in section 235(b)(1)(B)(iii)(IV) of such Act, 
requiring that an alien who is placed into expedited removal 
proceedings and determined not to have a credible fear of persecution 
``shall be detained . . . until removed''. Instead of complying with 
this requirement, Alejandro N. Mayorkas has implemented a catch and 
release scheme, whereby such aliens are unlawfully released, even 
without effective mechanisms to ensure appearances before the 
immigration courts for removal proceedings or to ensure removal in the 
case of aliens ordered removed.
  (4) Alejandro N. Mayorkas willfully refused to comply with the 
detention mandate set forth in section 236(c) of such Act, requiring 
that a criminal alien who is inadmissible or deportable on certain 
criminal and terrorism-related grounds ``shall [be] take[n] into 
custody'' when the alien is released from law enforcement custody. 
Instead of complying with this requirement, Alejandro N. Mayorkas 
issued ``Guidelines for the Enforcement of Civil Immigration Laws'', 
which instructs Department of Homeland Security (hereinafter referred 
to as ``DHS'') officials that the ``fact an individual is a removable 
noncitizen . . . should not alone be the basis of an enforcement action 
against them'' and that DHS ``personnel should not rely on the fact of 
conviction . . . alone'', even with respect to aliens subject to 
mandatory arrest and detention pursuant to section 236(c) of such Act, 
to take them into custody. In Texas v. United States, 40 F.4th 205 
(2022), the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit 
concluded that these guidelines had ``every indication of being `a 
general policy that is so extreme as to amount to an abdication of . . 
. statutory responsibilities' '' and that its ``replacement of 
Congress's statutory mandates with concerns of equity and race is 
extralegal . . . [and] plainly outside the bounds of the power 
conferred by the INA''.
  (5) Alejandro N. Mayorkas willfully refused to comply with the 
detention mandate set forth in section 241(a)(2) of such Act, requiring 
that an alien ordered removed ``shall [be] detain[ed]'' during ``the 
removal period''. Instead of complying with this mandate, Alejandro N. 
Mayorkas issued ``Guidelines for the Enforcement of Civil Immigration 
Laws'', which instructs DHS officials that the ``fact an individual is 
a removable noncitizen . . . should not alone be the basis of an 
enforcement action against them'' and that DHS ``personnel should not 
rely on the fact of conviction . . . alone'', even with respect to 
aliens subject to mandatory detention and removal pursuant to section 
241(a) of such Act.
  (6) Alejandro N. Mayorkas willfully exceeded his parole authority set 
forth in section 212(d)(5)(A) of such Act that permits parole to be 
granted ``only on a case-by-case basis'', temporarily, and ``for urgent 
humanitarian reasons or significant public benefit'', in that:
  (A) Alejandro N. Mayorkas paroled aliens en masse in order to release 
them from mandatory detention, despite the fact that, as the United 
States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit concluded in Texas v. 
Biden, 20 F.4th 928 (2021), ``parol[ing] every alien [DHS] cannot 
detain is the opposite of the `case-by-case basis' determinations 
required by law'' and ``DHS's pretended power to parole aliens while 
ignoring the limitations Congress imposed on the parole power [is] not 
nonenforcement; it's misenforcement, suspension of the INA, or both''.
  (B) Alejandro N. Mayorkas created, re-opened, or expanded a series of 
categorical parole programs never authorized by Congress for foreign 
nationals outside of the United States, including for certain Central 
American minors, Ukrainians, Venezuelans, Cubans, Haitians, 
Nicaraguans, Colombians, Salvadorans, Guatemalans, and Hondurans, which 
enabled hundreds of thousands of inadmissible aliens to enter the 
United States in violation of the laws enacted by Congress.
  (7) Alejandro N. Mayorkas willfully exceeded his release authority 
set forth in section 236(a) of such Act that permits, in certain 
circumstances, the release of aliens arrested on an administrative 
warrant, in that Alejandro N. Mayorkas released aliens arrested without 
a warrant despite their being subject to a separate applicable 
mandatory detention requirement set forth in section 235(b)(2) of such 
Act. Alejandro N. Mayorkas released such aliens by retroactively 
issuing administrative warrants in an attempt to circumvent section 
235(b)(2) of such Act. In Florida v. United States, No. 3:21-cv-1066-
TKW-ZCB (N.D. Fla. Mar. 8, 2023), the United States District Court of 
the Northern District of Florida noted that ``[t]his sleight of hand--
using an `arrest' warrant as a de facto `release' warrant--is 
administrative sophistry at its worst''. In addition, the court 
concluded that ``what makes DHS's application of [236(a)] in this 
manner unlawful . . . is that [235(b)(2)], not [236(a)], governs the 
detention of applicants for admission whom DHS places in . . . removal 
proceedings after inspection''.
  Alejandro N. Mayorkas's willful and systemic refusal to comply with 
the law has had calamitous consequences for the Nation and the people 
of the United States, including:
  (1) During fiscal years 2017 through 2020, an average of about 
590,000 aliens each fiscal year were encountered as inadmissible aliens 
at ports of entry on the Southwest border or apprehended

[[Page S2764]]

between ports of entry. Thereafter, during Alejandro N. Mayorkas's 
tenure in office, that number skyrocketed to over 1,400,000 in fiscal 
year 2021, over 2,300,000 in fiscal year 2022, and over 2,400,000 in 
fiscal year 2023. Similarly, during fiscal years 2017 through 2020, an 
average of 130,000 persons who were not turned back or apprehended 
after making an illegal entry were observed along the border each 
fiscal year. During Alejandro N. Mayorkas's tenure in office, that 
number more than trebled to 400,000 in fiscal year 2021, 600,000 in 
fiscal year 2022, and 750,000 in fiscal year 2023.
  (2) American communities both along the Southwest border and across 
the United States have been devastated by the dramatic growth in 
illegal entries, the number of aliens unlawfully present, and 
substantial rise in the number of aliens unlawfully granted parole, 
creating a fiscal and humanitarian crisis and dramatically degrading 
the quality of life of the residents of those communities. For 
instance, since 2022, more than 150,000 migrants have gone through New 
York City's shelter intake system. Indeed, the Mayor of New York City 
has said that ``we are past our breaking point'' and that ``[t]his 
issue will destroy New York City''. In fiscal year 2023, New York City 
spent $1,450,000,000 addressing Alejandro N. Mayorkas's migrant crisis, 
and city officials fear it will spend another $12,000,000,000 over the 
following three fiscal years, causing painful budget cuts to important 
city services.
  (3) Alejandro N. Mayorkas's unlawful mass release of apprehended 
aliens and unlawful mass grant of categorical parole to aliens have 
enticed an increasing number of aliens to make the dangerous journey to 
our Southwest border. Consequently, according to the United Nations's 
International Organization for Migration, the number of migrants 
intending to illegally cross our border who have perished along the 
way, either en route to the United States or at the border, almost 
doubled during the tenure of Alejandro N. Mayorkas as Secretary of 
Homeland Security, from an average of about 700 a year during the 
fiscal years 2017 through 2020, to an average of about 1,300 a year 
during the fiscal years 2021 through 2023.
  (4) Alien smuggling organizations have gained tremendous wealth 
during Alejandro N. Mayorkas's tenure as Secretary of Homeland 
Security, with their estimated revenues rising from about $500,000,000 
in 2018 to approximately $13,000,000,000 in 2022.
  (5) During Alejandro N. Mayorkas's tenure as Secretary of Homeland 
Security, the immigration court backlog has more than doubled from 
about 1,300,000 cases to over 3,000,000 cases. The exploding backlog is 
destroying the courts' ability to administer justice and provide 
appropriate relief in a timeframe that does not run into years or even 
decades. As Alejandro N. Mayorkas acknowledged, ``those who have a 
valid claim to asylum . . . often wait years for a . . . decision; 
likewise, noncitizens who will ultimately be found ineligible for 
asylum or other protection--which occurs in the majority of cases--
often have spent many years in the United States prior to being ordered 
removed''. He noted that of aliens placed in expedited removal 
proceedings and found to have a credible fear of persecution, and thus 
referred to immigration judges for removal proceedings, ``significantly 
fewer than 20 percent . . . were ultimately granted asylum'' and only 
``28 percent of cases decided on their merits are grants of relief''. 
Alejandro N. Mayorkas also admitted that ``the fact that migrants can 
wait in the United States for years before being issued a final order 
denying relief, and that many such individuals are never actually 
removed, likely incentivizes migrants to make the journey north''.
  (6) During Alejandro N. Mayorkas's tenure as Secretary of Homeland 
Security, approximately 450,000 unaccompanied alien children have been 
encountered at the Southwest border, and the vast majority have been 
released into the United States. As a result, there has been a dramatic 
upsurge in migrant children being employed in dangerous and 
exploitative jobs in the United States.
  (7) Alejandro N. Mayorkas's failure to enforce the law, drawing 
millions of illegal aliens to the Southwest border, has led to the 
reassignment of U.S. Border Patrol agents from protecting the border 
from illicit drug trafficking to processing illegal aliens for release. 
As a result, during Alejandro N. Mayorkas's tenure as Secretary of 
Homeland Security, the flow of fentanyl across the border and other 
dangerous drugs, both at and between ports of entry, has increased 
dramatically. U.S. Customs and Border Protection seized approximately 
4,800 pounds of fentanyl in fiscal year 2020, approximately 11,200 
pounds in fiscal year 2021, approximately 14,700 pounds in fiscal year 
2022, and approximately 27,000 pounds in fiscal year 2023. Over 70,000 
Americans died from fentanyl poisoning in 2022, and fentanyl is now the 
number one killer of Americans between the ages of 18 and 45.
  (8) Alejandro N. Mayorkas has degraded public safety by leaving wide 
swaths of the border effectively unpatrolled as U.S. Border Patrol 
agents are diverted from guarding the border to processing for unlawful 
release the heightening waves of apprehended aliens (many who now seek 
out agents for the purpose of surrendering with the now reasonable 
expectation of being released and granted work authorization), and 
Federal Air Marshals are diverted from protecting the flying public to 
assist in such processing.
  (9) During Alejandro N. Mayorkas's tenure as Secretary of Homeland 
Security, the U.S. Border Patrol has encountered an increasing number 
of aliens on the terrorist watch list. In fiscal years 2017 through 
2020 combined, 11 noncitizens on the terrorist watchlist were caught 
attempting to cross the Southwest border between ports of entry. That 
number increased to 15 in fiscal year 2021, 98 in fiscal year 2022, 169 
in fiscal year 2023, and 49 so far in fiscal year 2024.
  Additionally, in United States v. Texas, 599 U.S. 670 (2023), the 
United States Supreme Court heard a case involving Alejandro N. 
Mayorkas's refusal to comply with certain Federal immigration laws that 
are at issue in this impeachment. The Supreme Court held that States 
have no standing to seek judicial relief to compel Alejandro N. 
Mayorkas to comply with certain legal requirements contained in the 
Immigration and Nationality Act. However, the Supreme Court held that 
``even though the federal courts lack Article III jurisdiction over 
this suit, other forums remain open for examining the Executive 
Branch's enforcement policies. For example, Congress possesses an array 
of tools to analyze and influence those policies [and] those are 
political checks for the political process''. One such critical tool 
for Congress to influence the Executive Branch to comply with the 
immigration laws of the United States is impeachment. The dissenting 
Justice noted, ``The Court holds Texas lacks standing to challenge a 
federal policy that inflicts substantial harm on the State and its 
residents by releasing illegal aliens with criminal convictions for 
serious crimes. In order to reach this conclusion, the Court . . . 
holds that the only limit on the power of a President to disobey a law 
like the important provision at issue is Congress' power to employ the 
weapons of inter-branch warfare . . .''. As the dissenting Justice 
explained, ``Congress may wield what the Solicitor General described as 
`political . . . tools'--which presumably means such things as . . . 
impeachment and removal''. Indeed, during oral argument, the Justice 
who authored the majority opinion stated to the Solicitor General, ``I 
think your position is, instead of judicial review, Congress has to 
resort to shutting down the government or impeachment or dramatic steps 
. . .''. Here, in light of the inability of injured parties to seek 
judicial relief to remedy the refusal of Alejandro N. Mayorkas to 
comply with Federal immigration laws, impeachment is Congress's only 
viable option.
  In all of this, Alejandro N. Mayorkas willfully and systemically 
refused to comply with the immigration laws, failed to control the 
border to the detriment of national security, compromised public 
safety, and violated the rule of law and separation of powers in the 
Constitution, to the manifest injury of the people of the United 
States.
  Wherefore Alejandro N. Mayorkas, by such conduct, has demonstrated 
that he will remain a threat to national and

[[Page S2765]]

border security, the safety of the United States people, and the 
Constitution if allowed to remain in office, and has acted in a manner 
grossly incompatible with his duties and the rule of law. Alejandro N. 
Mayorkas thus warrants impeachment and trial, removal from office, and 
disqualification to hold and enjoy any office of honor, trust, or 
profit under the United States.


                   article ii: breach of public trust

  The Constitution provides that the House of Representatives ``shall 
have the sole Power of Impeachment'' and that civil Officers of the 
United States, including the Secretary of Homeland Security, ``shall be 
removed from Office on Impeachment for, and Conviction of, Treason, 
Bribery, or other high Crimes and Misdemeanors''. In his conduct while 
Secretary of Homeland Security, Alejandro N. Mayorkas, in violation of 
his oath to well and faithfully discharge the duties of his office, has 
breached the public trust, in that:
  Alejandro N. Mayorkas has knowingly made false statements, and 
knowingly obstructed lawful oversight of the Department of Homeland 
Security (hereinafter referred to as ``DHS''), principally to obfuscate 
the results of his willful and systemic refusal to comply with the law. 
Alejandro N. Mayorkas engaged in this scheme or course of conduct 
through the following means:
  (1) Alejandro N. Mayorkas knowingly made false statements to Congress 
that the border is ``secure'', that the border is ``no less secure than 
it was previously'', that the border is ``closed'', and that DHS has 
``operational control'' of the border (as that term is defined in the 
Secure Fence Act of 2006).
  (2) Alejandro N. Mayorkas knowingly made false statements to Congress 
regarding the scope and adequacy of the vetting of the thousands of 
Afghans who were airlifted to the United States and then granted parole 
following the Taliban takeover of Afghanistan after President Biden's 
precipitous withdrawal of United States forces.
  (3) Alejandro N. Mayorkas knowingly made false statements that 
apprehended aliens with no legal basis to remain in the United States 
were being quickly removed.
  (4) Alejandro N. Mayorkas knowingly made false statements supporting 
the false narrative that U.S. Border Patrol agents maliciously whipped 
illegal aliens.
  (5) Alejandro N. Mayorkas failed to comply with multiple subpoenas 
issued by congressional committees.
  (6) Alejandro N. Mayorkas delayed or denied access of DHS Office of 
Inspector General (hereinafter referred to as ``OIG'') to DHS records 
and information, hampering OIG's ability to effectively perform its 
vital investigations, audits, inspections, and other reviews of agency 
programs and operations to satisfy the OIG's obligations under section 
402(b) of title 5, United States Code, in part, to Congress.
  Additionally, in his conduct while Secretary of Homeland Security, 
Alejandro N. Mayorkas has breached the public trust by his willful 
refusal to fulfill his statutory ``duty to control and guard the 
boundaries and borders of the United States against the illegal entry 
of aliens'' as set forth in section 103(a)(5) of the Immigration and 
Nationality Act. Alejandro N. Mayorkas inherited what his first Chief 
of the U.S. Border Patrol called, ``arguably the most effective border 
security in our nation's history''. Alejandro N. Mayorkas, however, 
proceeded to abandon effective border security initiatives without 
engaging in adequate alternative efforts that would enable DHS to 
maintain control of the border and guard against illegal entry, and 
despite clear evidence of the devastating consequences of his actions, 
he failed to take action to fulfill his statutory duty to control the 
border. According to his first Chief of the U.S. Border Patrol, 
Alejandro N. Mayorkas ``summarily rejected'' the ``multiple options to 
reduce the illegal entries . . . through proven programs and 
consequences'' provided by civil service staff at DHS. Despite clear 
evidence of the devastating consequences of his actions, he failed to 
take action to fulfill his statutory duty to control the border, in 
that, among other things:
  (1) Alejandro N. Mayorkas terminated the Migrant Protection Protocols 
(hereinafter referred to as ``MPP''). In Texas v. Biden, 20 F.4th 928 
(2021), the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit 
explained that ``[t]he district court . . . pointed to evidence that 
`the termination of MPP has contributed to the current border surge' . 
. . (citing DHS's own previous determinations that MPP had curbed the 
rate of illegal entries)''. The district court had also ``pointed out 
that the number of `enforcement encounters'--that is, instances where 
immigration officials encounter immigrants attempting to cross the 
southern border without documentation--had `skyrocketed' since MPP's 
termination''.
  (2) Alejandro N. Mayorkas terminated contracts for border wall 
construction.
  (3) Alejandro N. Mayorkas terminated asylum cooperative agreements 
that would have equitably shared the burden of complying with 
international asylum accords.
  In all of this, Alejandro N. Mayorkas breached the public trust by 
knowingly making false statements to Congress and the American people 
and avoiding lawful oversight in order to obscure the devastating 
consequences of his willful and systemic refusal to comply with the law 
and carry out his statutory duties. He has also breached the public 
trust by willfully refusing to carry out his statutory duty to control 
the border and guard against illegal entry, notwithstanding the 
calamitous consequences of his abdication of that duty.
  Wherefore Alejandro N. Mayorkas, by such conduct, has demonstrated 
that he will remain a threat to national and border security, the 
safety of the American people, and to the Constitution if allowed to 
remain in office, and has acted in a manner grossly incompatible with 
his duties and the rule of law. Alejandro N. Mayorkas thus warrants 
impeachment and trial, removal from office, and disqualification to 
hold and enjoy any office of honor, trust, or profit under the United 
States.
  Mr. President, that completes the exhibition of the Articles of 
Impeachment against Alejandro Nicholas Mayorkas, Secretary of the 
Department of Homeland Security.
  The managers request the Senate take order for the trial, and the 
managers now request leave to withdraw.
  The PRESIDENT pro tempore. That would be ``Madam President.''
  Thank you, Mr. Green.
  The Senate will duly notify the House of Representatives when it is 
ready to proceed.
  You may proceed to depart.
  The managers were thereupon escorted by the Sergeant at Arms of the 
Senate, Karen Gibson, from the well of the Senate.
  The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The majority leader.

                          ____________________