[Congressional Record Volume 169, Number 55 (Monday, March 27, 2023)]
[House]
[Page H1443]
From the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]




                              {time}  1215
                 WORKING TOWARD A BETTER BANKING SYSTEM

  The SPEAKER pro tempore. The Chair recognizes the gentleman from 
California (Mr. Sherman) for 5 minutes.
  Mr. SHERMAN. Mr. Speaker, we seem to have escaped the critical stage 
of this bank meltdown. We have not escaped without cost.
  The FDIC announced today that they--and this is a vague estimate--
will have to spend $20 billion with regard to Silicon Valley Bank. That 
money will then be collected by fees that are on banks--basically, on 
depositors--in coming years.
  More importantly, our economy has faced a huge shock. Business loans 
that would have been made were not made in the last month and probably 
will not be made in months to come.
  The only silver lining there is the Fed was looking to slow down the 
economy, but this is one hell of a way to do it.
  We have a fundamentally undemocratic system for regulating banks.
  First, for the regional banks, the district Reserve banks, their 
Boards of Governors are not selected through a process of democracy. 
Elections are supposed to have consequences, but neither Congress nor 
the President has any role in selecting most of these directors. 
Instead, they are selected by the banks. In what way should we have 
governmental power vested that way?
  Then, we have the Financial Accounting Standards Board, which claims 
not to even be part of the government and, therefore, doesn't claim to 
be responsible to the voters of this country. Yet, it collects taxes 
and writes, in effect, accounting laws.
  Finally, we have a forum-shopping system that allows a bank to have a 
holding company, not have a holding company, be State regulated, be 
Federal regulated, and pit one regulatory group up against another.
  Many countries have had, for long periods of their history, zombie 
banks, where the government thinks it is best to hide the losses of the 
bank, and somehow, the economy can go on. It works for a while some of 
the time.
  Unfortunately, we have a similar system here. We have a system where 
losses on bonds are not recognized by the bank and often not even 
looked at adequately by the regulators, but losses on Main Street loans 
are recognized before they occur, even if they do not occur, on an 
anticipated basis.
  A bank whose bonds have gone up in value can classify those bonds as 
available for sale and recognize a profit. If the bonds have gone down 
in value, they just classify them as not available for sale but to be 
held to maturity, a mere bookkeeping entry, and they don't have to 
recognize the losses.
  Our banking system has $600 billion, at least, of unrecognized losses 
where we are hiding the losses in the footnotes. Our regulators don't 
regularly look at this.
  We have had stress tests where they looked for a number of stresses, 
but not the stress that interest rates will go up and bonds will go 
down in market value. That is like having a stress test on a building 
where you test it for a flood and don't bother to test it for an 
earthquake.
  We need stress tests that look at the most obvious stress that banks 
will always have. Interest rates can go up; interest rates can go down. 
Regulators know that. They have chosen to hide it from themselves.
  The FDIC insures deposits only up to $250,000. That is a major 
increase from where it was 15 years ago. We might want to go higher, 
but if we do, we should limit that additional insurance to non-
interest-bearing accounts.
  When businesses are using the bank as a payment system, as a utility, 
when businesses instead want to invest $1 million, $2 million, $3 
million of their money, they have a responsibility for finding an 
investment vehicle, whether it be a bank or otherwise, that is sound.
  We have to prohibit the exclusive banking relationships where 
companies were told by Silicon Valley Bank: ``You must have all your 
spare cash in our bank, which means we, the bank, take a risk on you, 
but you have to bet your whole company that our bank will survive.'' We 
need companies to diversify their deposits.
  Finally, cryptocurrency should not be listed on the balance sheets of 
any bank. It is simply way too speculative.
  I look forward to working for a better banking system. My fear is 
that, like the losses on bonds, we will simply put under the carpet the 
losses and problems, go on saying we will patch it together, and not 
tell the American people that there are fundamental problems that 
should be addressed.

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