[Congressional Record Volume 169, Number 9 (Wednesday, January 11, 2023)]
[House]
[Pages H195-H198]
From the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]




        WHY THE FISCAL HOUSE OF THE UNITED STATES IS COLLAPSING

  The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mr. Fry). Under the Speaker's announced 
policy of January 9, 2023, the gentleman from Arizona (Mr. Schweikert) 
is recognized for 60 minutes as the designee of the majority leader.
  Mr. SCHWEIKERT. Mr. Speaker, I don't know if I can top my friend from 
California's great white shark attack or talking about airline delays, 
but we are going to do something that is particularly amusing and fun. 
We are going to talk about why the fiscal house of the United States is 
collapsing.
  For a number of folks who have watched my floor presentations, a lot 
of this is going to be familiar.
  This is a primer, particularly for our new Members. Right now, we 
have hundreds and hundreds of new staff with the new Members here in 
the House of Representatives. Hopefully, on the thousand-some 
televisions around the campus where you have C-SPAN on, please, if you 
actually are interested, if you really want to understand how much 
trouble we are in, give me a few minutes of your time. Actually, give 
me almost an hour of your time.
  Let's sort of walk through the reality. I am going to walk through 
some of the solutions that are absolutely wrong, and then we are going 
to talk a little bit about the reality of the math; and the punch line 
we are going to come back to multiple times, is really simple.

  The primary driver of U.S. sovereign debt is our demographics. Those 
of us who are baby boomers, we got old. And the political class here, 
unless we are willing to tell the truth, there is no path to saving us 
from a failed bond auction, a failed debt crisis, a world where we all 
live dramatically poorer. And it doesn't have to be that way.
  Look, I know I am a broken record, but damn it, somehow, we have got 
to get this to start to sink in. So let's actually walk through some of 
the reality.
  I always start with this chart because it is just easy to get your 
head around. This is 2022.
  Now, the funny thing is, it looks like 2023, the percentage that is 
mandatory, that means it is on autopilot. Members here, people like me, 
we won't vote on it. This is Social Security, Medicare, Medicaid. These 
things that are a formula.
  This percentage actually went down in this budget year. It is not 
going down because we are spending less money; it is because we are 
spending so much more money on discretionary, it actually took several 
points more of the percentage of spending.
  Now, a lot of that was one-time spending. We will fade back down, but 
you got to get your head around the majority. The vast majority of U.S. 
spending is what we call mandatory. It is entitlements. It is you get 
because you work so many quarters. It is because you turned a certain 
age, because you are a certain Tribal group, because you are a certain 
level of poverty, you get these benefits, and they are automatic. It is 
a formula.
  And then over here, you see this little green part, that is 
discretionary. That is what we call nondefense discretionary. This is 
what everyone thinks of as government. That is your foreign aid, that 
is your FBI, that is the IRS, that is all of those things.
  And here the blue, that is defense. I am going to show you in some 
charts later, my brothers and sisters on the left, will often throw out 
rhetoric of cut out defense, get rid it.
  Believe it or not, it is not even enough money to keep us in balance. 
You could get rid of every dime of defense. There needs to be an 
understanding of reality. Your government is an insurance company with 
an Army. I know that sounds like trying to be somewhat humorous, but it 
happens to be the truth.
  Think of it that way. So what is the primary drive, if I came to you 
right now and said, you are a new Member of Congress, you have made a 
passionate pitch to your voters that you are going take on the deficit.
  Did you stand in front of your voters and tell them over the next 30 
years, 100 percent of the deficit is Medicare and Social Security? The 
rest of the budget, according to the Congressional Budget Office, 
actually has a positive balance.
  Over the next 30 years, and this is based on the 2022 numbers, with 
inflation some of this is actually worse today. And we are not going to 
get the updated numbers till probably mid-February using the 
Congressional Budget Office.
  Functionally, the shortfall of Medicare is about 75 percent of all of 
our borrowing. The shortfall of Social Security--and the reason you put 
that on there, understand, look at the Social Security actuary report. 
It is not Republican; it is not Democrat. These are people that 
actually own calculators.
  With the COLA that was just given, you lost almost a full year of 
life. So there is this trust fund. Yes, it is Social Security money 
that we have paid in over the years. It is in loan to the Treasury. The 
Treasury gives special Social Security T bills and then when Social 
Security needs money, they cash them in with Treasury. Fine.
  And then, actually, the Treasury goes out and borrows other money. 
That money runs out in about 10 years. Two years ago, I believe, the 
Social Security actuary report said, when the trust fund runs out, our 
brothers and sisters who are 65 and older or who are 62 and older or 
whoever are just taking a Social Security check will get about a 27 
percent cut.
  I think last year's actuary report said about 25 percent cut. It is 
based on--here is our projection of the revenue and FICA taxes we take 
in today, and then it goes out the door.
  There is some data out there that says 10 years from now, unless we 
fix Social Security, you are going to double poverty among seniors. 
What is the moral aspect there? How many of this body are ready to 
actually deal with the political nightmare cascade of the trolls who 
lie--oh, excuse me--the politicians, trying to tell the truth about a 
multi-multi-multi-multitrillion-dollar system that is out of money and 
the negative shortfall. You do understand, I think the model said like 
in the next 60 years, 65 years, it is like $212 trillion short.

[[Page H196]]

  That is just the Social Security trust fund, and it is gone in about 
10 years. It lost almost a full year of actuarial life with this year's 
COLA.
  These are the things that we are here to fix instead of the trite 
crap we come behind these microphones and talk about. These are the 
things that destroy a society because it breaks our promises.
  Don't laugh at me. My wife and I are both 60 and I have a 6-month-
old. We adopted another child. When my 6-month-old is 25 years old, two 
things: We either blow up the debt and deficit, which we are probably 
going to do that, too, or double the U.S. taxes.
  When he is 25 years old, we have to double corporate taxes, import 
fees, tariffs, everything else, every we call a receipt, we got to 
double.
  It means top marginal rates like 70-something percent. That is just 
the Federal. Do you understand what these numbers mean? This was based 
on having $114 trillion of borrowing in today's dollars, and these 
calcs were done before this inflationary cycle.
  This is what takes down a republic. How serious is this body really 
about telling the truth about the math?

                              {time}  1715

  Let's walk through the fragility. Once again, I am doing this 
substantially for the new Members and the new staff here to understand 
what reality is. All day long, you are going to get pitched by people 
with shiny objects or: ``I need you to regulate this so I don't get 
competition in my business in the home district.'' ``I want some free 
money.'' ``I want you to give me a grant.'' We get this inbound all day 
long.
  We get the crazy conspiracy theory that has nothing to do with 
reality, and that consumes our time instead of thinking about this math 
and coming up with actual solutions.
  We have come to this floor over and over with solutions, except it 
seems to terrify our brothers and sisters here because it means, A, 
telling the truth about the math, and then it means we have to do 
things really differently. You have to legalize technology. You have to 
legalize the disruption because it is not about changing who pays.
  Before I do this, let me see if I can explain this. For my fans on 
the left who love ObamaCare, the ACA, understand that it is a financing 
bill. It just moves the money around. I get subsidized over here, but 
this group has to pay.
  The brilliant Republican alternative was a financing bill. Now, we 
actually did a more elegant job of spreading it along the curve so you 
got some efficiency, but it was still a financing bill. It is who had 
to pay and who got subsidized.
  Medicare for All is a financing bill.
  None of those ideas in regard to healthcare change what we pay. They 
just move around who pays. Until the conversation becomes about what we 
pay, you can't save us because the debt doesn't change.
  With my very last board, I am going to do something that is a little 
cranky and a little mean. I am going to make fun of some of my own 
work, but I am going to tell the truth that a lot of times when we talk 
10 years to balance, you do realize one of the things we are doing is 
saying we are going to take this portion of the spending and are just 
going to give it back to the State.
  We are going to take this portion of the spending and make the users 
of Medicare, or users of this group, we are going to make the 
individuals pay. We are going to take it off the Federal books, but we 
don't change the spending as you would do the calculation as a 
percentage of the GDP, or gross domestic product.
  That is what is so important here. Unless we legalize the disruption, 
and do this quickly--I had a meeting earlier in my office today with 
someone that is really smart. He has been here for a long time. He is a 
medical doctor. He is one of my favorite Members: David, you have to go 
slower. People aren't going to embrace it. The bureaucracy is going to 
fight you. Do you know how many vested interests there are in the 
lobbyist class and down on K Street?
  We are watching the numbers erode. I am going to show you a slide 
here that, structurally, 10 years from now, we may have a structural $2 
trillion a year deficit. That is the structural deficit, and half of 
that will be just interest.
  Is this body ready to tell the truth about the math? Because the math 
will always win.
  One of the other things that terrifies me here is that we are not 
telling the truth about the fragility of interest rates. I am going to 
do two or three slides here, but you start to look at what happens if 
interest rates are up. Rising interest rates could push up the national 
debt toward 300 percent.
  Get this. If the mean interest is 3 points over what CBO projected 
last year, which, believe it or not, is actually closer to the mean of 
interest we have paid over the last 30 years, so we go back to what was 
normal for the last 30 years, we are at 345 percent of debt to GDP. It 
is all gone.
  If you care about the poor, there is no more money for them. If you 
care about defense, there is no more money. Basically, every dime is 
just covering interest. Government is gone.
  The fantasy that goes on around here of let's talk about shiny 
objects but avoid the real crisis ahead of us--I am going to show a 
bunch of slides that the Democrats' proposals of raising taxes doesn't 
work and a bunch of the Republican ideas of let's get rid of waste and 
fraud. We will get rid of foreign aid.
  Do you realize every dime of foreign aid covers about 12 days of 
borrowing? Last year, we borrowed $43,600 a second.
  How much of the conversation here is about my little Matthew, who is 
6 months old? What is his future like?
  Does anyone here give a damn about your kids, your grandkids, your 
own retirement?
  This is everything. This will take us down. Will this body take it 
seriously?
  You start to look at the charts. This is where we are at right now. 
Understand, the CBO model is now starting to look at that 10 years from 
now, 2032. That may seem like forever, but it is 10 years. What were 
you doing 10 years ago? Do you remember? It wasn't that long ago.
  We are heading toward a structural cost just over $1 trillion, just 
in interest, just the interest cost. Now, add on another $1 trillion 
interest in spending, and remember, in that 10 years, just Medicare and 
a portion of Medicaid go up $1.1 trillion. The total budget 10 years 
from now goes up, I think, just a little less. The CBO model from a 
year ago was about $2 trillion more that we are spending.
  We take in about half a trillion-plus more on due tax receipts. It 
basically means you are heading toward a structural deficit close to $2 
trillion a year, and that is the baseline.
  Now, how many of you ran for office here and said, ``I am going to 
balance the budget''? Okay. Your structural deficit 10 years from now 
is $2 trillion. What are you about to do? ``I am going to move it to 
the States and let them pay for it. I am going to play a shell game. I 
am going to tell my voters it is waste and fraud. I am going to tell my 
voters I need to tax businesses more.''

  We got old. I am sorry, but go back to that second slide. Every dime 
of the borrowing for the next 30 years is three-quarters Medicare, one-
quarter Social Security.
  Look at the comments that will be on the video of this and people 
say: ``Oh, that is not true. Get rid of Ukraine.'' Fine, strip it, but 
you just got rid of 12 days, 14 days of borrowing.
  It is this lack of ability to do math here, but I am glad everyone 
gets their feelings satiated.
  You have to understand this is the baseline we are at right now. 
Thirty years from now, half of all tax receipts go just to interest. In 
Ways and Means, we call it tax receipts, tax revenues, whatever you 
want to call it. Half of it.
  There is a model out there that if we are 2 points higher than the 
CBO model, in 30 years--it actually comes closer to 25 years--all 
receipts, if we kept the same tax code so all the things expire, all 
the tax reforms, we go back to the bad old days, and we have 2-point 
higher interest rates, so that is still lower than the previous 30-year 
mean. Every dime of tax receipts in about 25, 28 years, every dime goes 
just to cover interest. There is no more government. We are nothing 
more than a bond house paying out interest.
  Does anyone here understand this? Doesn't this make anyone nervous? 
Am I the only idiot getting up here and

[[Page H197]]

trying to point it out, saying we are going to fall off the cliff? Does 
anyone else care?
  This is the stuff that is real, but we are going to have a great 
conversation of virtue signaling probably over the next couple of 
weeks.
  The math is out there for everyone. Anyone that is watching, just go 
to CBO, some of the other groups that give a darn about the debt. It is 
all over the charts. You can get emails every single day talking about 
what is happening and the differentials.
  We all ignore it because it is really uncomfortable to go home and 
stand in front of an audience of your voters and tell them the truth 
because we have lied to them for so long.
  The Federal Government has a spending problem. Now, this may not look 
like a lot, but you start to look at average tax receipts. I have two 
or three slides that if you ever want to argue this--I have done this 
with leftist groups trying to show when we raise taxes and when we 
lower taxes, we always get within a certain band of about 18 to 20 
percent of tax receipts in as part of the size of the economy.
  There is just this sort of law of physics and taxes. You raise taxes 
really high; the economy and growth slows down; you get 18 to 20 
percent of GDP in taxes. You lower taxes; economy grows; you get about 
18 to 20 percent in taxes to GDP. It is just about 100 years' worth of 
data, okay? It is what it is.
  What is happening is our spending, you see this huge spike there. 
That is COVID. We went to crazy town. It became an excuse to fund every 
dream, every group, trying to buy the vote for you.
  Then, you go back to our baseline, and that baseline grows and grows. 
You have to understand that spending here, in just about 10 years, 
crosses about 25 percent of the entire economy. Yet, our best model is 
we might be getting 18, 19 percent of the economy in taxes. That 
differential year after year buries us.
  It is not falling revenues. Look at it. Even in the long term, the 
best CBO data still has us hovering around 19 percent of the economy in 
tax receipts, and it is within the mean of functioning since the 1960s.
  There were years here where we had very high marginal tax rates, some 
years where we had very low marginal tax rates, and look at the band.
  Do you see, if I go way out, if I go out to 30 years, our spending 
hits 30 percent of the entire economy? Thirty percent of the entire 
economy is spending, and every dime of this growth out here is 
demographics. It will be the shortfall of Social Security and Medicare.
  Why is that so hard? It is not Republican or Democrat. We got gray. 
Look at my hair.
  There are fixes. I have come here dozens of times. I have walked 
through innovative solutions that disrupt the price of healthcare, that 
disrupt the bureaucracy, that make us more efficient, that make us 
grow. We ignore them because, it turns out, complex problems require 
complex solutions, and it is not one magic bullet.
  I am sorry. Am I allowed to say ``bullet''? It is not one magic 
solution.
  It turns out you have to do a dozen things, and you have to do them 
all at once. Yes, you have to fix immigration. You have to legalize 
technology. You have to change the way bureaucracies work so that 
bureaucracies start using these supercomputers to collect data instead 
of making you fill out paperwork.
  There are solutions out there, but damn it, this place needs to get 
rid of its 1990s solution and join this century.
  I bring this board just to knock down one of my leftist friends who 
always said, ``But you guys did tax reform, and you cut receipts.'' We 
are taking in $1 trillion more a year today than we did the year after 
tax reform.
  It is spending $1 trillion more today, so that is like a 25 percent 
growth in receipts, in revenues, in tax receipts post-tax reform 
within, functionally, 4 years.
  Don't tell me it is the tax reform because the tax reform grew the 
size of the economy. Do you remember what it did to the Social Security 
trust fund? It saved us for a couple of years because there were so 
many people working.
  Could you imagine if we hadn't had the tax reform when we hit the 
pandemic? Could you imagine, if we hadn't had that healthy economy, 
what the numbers would have looked like?
  I am sorry, I know this is repetitive, but there is a reason I am 
saying it over and over. I am trying to break through to people who 
have never really thought about the truth of the math.
  Eliminating every dime of defense, in the long term, does nothing. 
Think about that. Here is defense. Defense is going to be sitting 
around 2.7 percent of GDP, and we are heading toward a time where just 
Social Security and the healthcare entitlements out here are over 15 
percent of the size of the economy.

                              {time}  1730

  So defense is under 3 percent of the size of the economy, just Social 
Security and the health entitlements are over 15.
  Does anyone see the issue?
  But, yet, I will have my brothers and sisters on the left say: It is 
defense, we need to cut it. Fine. It doesn't do anything. The scale of 
the dollars is so out of control, we have got to stop living in a 
fantasy world.
  I know it is good politics. I know it is good virtue signaling. You 
get your reporters and constituents at home going: Yay, that is true. 
None of them own a calculator and if they do there are no batteries in 
it.
  You have got to understand, entitlement programs--I don't like it 
when you call these entitlement programs; call them anything you want; 
call them mandatory spending; Call them earned benefits, they are 
earned benefits--it is a societal problem. I don't give a damn what you 
call them, it is still about the spending.
  You need to take a look at what it is driving. Over here is the 
growth over those years: defense, just Social Security, other 
mandatory, Medicare, all these, the growth in these mandatories here.
  How many Members here are bold enough to tell the truth?
  Because when you tell the truth on this stuff you get attack adds, 
you get groups that raise money, lie about it, beat the crap out of you 
if you are a Member of Congress. I can't talk about that, David. In 
that case, you can't actually talk about the debt and deficits.
  Medicare. Medicare. Medicare. Much of my life I have done healthcare 
finance. As a child, I was in my State legislature for a couple terms 
and I was working on our Medicaid system. Even then, you'd have the 
experts come sit you down, and say: You do realize how much trouble we 
are in.
  Well, here we are 30 some years later. Look at the curve. The curve. 
This isn't that long from now. We are looking at numbers that are only 
functionally a decade from now. This drives all policies. If you are a 
Member and say: I care about the environment.
  Where are you going to get the money?
  I care about defense.
  Where are you going to get the money?
  Healthcare is consuming everything.
  I believe CBO in a couple weeks is going to update these numbers and 
they are going to look much uglier. We have some of the back-of-the-
napkin math we have done with the Joint Economic Committee, but I used 
last year's CBO number for this chart.
  Here is my point, once again: Over the next decade there is 
functionally a trillion dollars of additional spending on Medicare. If 
you add in Medicare and Medicaid, it is one-something. Take a look 
here. When you get out here, this is a $1.1 trillion increase, that is 
nine budget cycles from now. It is not 10 years. It is nine budget 
cycles from now.
  So if I came to you and you saw the earlier chart, it said, okay, a 
decade from now if the nominal interest rates stay where they are at, 
our interest cost is $1 trillion a year a decade from now. Now my 
additional spending on Medicare and Medicaid is an additional trillion 
dollars.
  Does anyone start to see where a structural deficit of $2 trillion a 
year is?
  Now, you promised your voters you are going to balance the budget.
  What are you going to do?
  Just stop paying the interest on our debt? Okay.
  Stop paying Medicare? Stop paying Medicaid? Fine.
  How about Social Security?

[[Page H198]]

  Because remember, 10 years from now the trust fund is gone. Our 
brothers and sisters who are on Social Security that rely on it are 
going to take what, around a 25 percent cut.
  Are we going to let that happen?
  It is coming. The math is real. You can't pretend it away. And you 
start to look at some of the lunacy that we get from our friends on the 
left. Oh, let's just tax more. Even a 100 percent tax rate on small 
businesses and upper-income families, you can't even come close. So 
take all their money, and just assume that you live in some magic 
fantasy world where everyone keeps working. Let's live in fantasy.
  This is what you get. My spending in 30 years is--my borrowing is 
about 12.4 percent of GDP. If I take every dime of someone who makes 
$500,000 or more, the next dollar, we just take it, you get about 5 
percent of GDP, and that is pretending people would keep working. The 
math is the math, and we need to stop lying.
  Look, if you don't believe me, you go look up CBO. Go to Brian Riedl, 
Manhattan Institute, he does a beautiful job of taking OMB data, CBO 
data, some of the others out there, and puts it on charts so that it is 
absorbable. He walks through all of your solutions.
  What if we repeal the tax cuts and raise the taxes on low-income 
people?
  How about if you get rid of every tax idea that is out there?
  All the Democrat solutions. You still fall incredibly short. You get 
a fraction of what is required. You go on some of the other solutions 
that have been offered. No easy pay-fors for Social Security or 
Medicare programs. Everything falls short. I need more than 6 percent 
of GDP. And if I take almost every solution, I only pick up a fraction 
of that. The math is the math, and the math will win.
  Now, here is the point where I am going to make some of my own 
friends on my side a little cranky; I am going to tell the truth. Many 
of the solutions we run around here and tout: We are going to balance 
in 7 years. We are going to balance in 10 years.
  Do you understand the fraud?
  We say: Well, we are going to cut Medicare. Okay. We are going to 
shift it to the individual. We are going to do this. We are going to 
take Medicaid and we are just going to cut our spending because we 
handed it back to the States. They are shell-gaming the math. They 
are not willing to actually tell the system we are going to legalize 
technology.

  This exists today. The thing that looks like a large kazoo, you can 
blow into it, it tells you you have a virus. It bangs off your phone to 
know you are not allergic to certain antivirals, and orders your 
antivirals, allowing that algorithm, that technology, to write a 
prescription.
  You can't do that?
  Why?
  Do you know anyone with a diabetic pump?
  All day long that algorithm is prescribing to them.
  We have got to get this out because if you can't have that type of 
technology disruption--my other idea is a much grander theory.
  Five percent of our brothers and sisters who have multiple chronic 
conditions are over half of our healthcare spending. We are in the time 
of miracles where we are seeing cures. We, as a body, need to basically 
do an Operation Warp Speed as a way to save ourselves from our own 
crushing debt. Bring those cures.
  If it is true that a San Diego company--which has just been bought up 
and was working with CRISPR--has now cured about a half a dozen people 
of type 1 diabetes--and we are trying to bring out one of their 
researchers to come talk to us in February--if it is true, if there is 
just the slightest opening of a door, there is a path there.
  I know that is type 1. I know type 2 we have our health issues. What 
we do in our farm bill--the fact that so much of our society has become 
almost self-destructive with obesity--yes, I may have just hurt your 
feelings--but dammit, when government has to pay 70 percent of all 
healthcare costs, we as a society should care.
  I represent the population of probably the second highest per capita 
diabetes in the world, one of my Tribal communities in Arizona. When I 
meet people who are blind in that community, who have lost parts of 
their feet, is that compassion?
  So what would happen if we can marry up legalizing the technology 
that will make your life easier and more convenient and make you 
healthier?
  Yes, it means that you don't walk into the urgent care center, 
because you have a breath biopsy in your home medicine cabinet. 
Legalize the technology.
  Then we push as hard as we can, if we are in the age of miracles, 
cure, cure, cure because that is more moral and compassionate. And, 
dammit, it has an amazing effect on U.S. debt.
  Do you remember how many times I showed you that 31 percent of all 
Medicare spending is related to diabetes? What would happen if you cut 
half of that?
  Yes, it is lifestyle. Yes, it is what people eat. Yes, it is 
exercise.
  What would happen if we can give people back islet cells that produce 
insulin again?
  We found a way to cure hepatitis C. When I first got here, this body 
was getting ready to try to figure out how to have hundreds of 
thousands of people get liver transplants, and it was going to bankrupt 
Medicaid systems all over the country. Then someone came up with a 
hepatitis C cure. It was really expensive, and we bitched about the 
cost of it, except for the fact that it cured them. And 7 months later 
there was a second drug that crashed the price.
  Was that moral?
  Of course it was.
  Was it really good economics?
  Was it just compassion?
  Yes.
  I need this to become part of our lexicon that the solution is 
disruption through technology. Optionality. But it is also the morality 
of we need to push those cures out because it is really good economics.
  Instead of giving lists of things of here is how we are going to cut 
the debt and deficit, we are just going to shift it to someone else to 
spend.
  Is this body--and particularly to the freshmen and the freshmen staff 
that I have been trying to talk to with this speech--this will be the 
most important stuff you deal with in your time here. It is not the 
shiny object that may get you on FOX News tonight. It is not the shiny 
object that gets you applause when you go into your townhall meeting. 
Oh, we did this.
  This stuff is hard. It is complicated. You are going to be lobbied 
like a war. They are going to spend money in your district beating the 
crap out of you because you are taking away their money.
  It also saves this country and gives my little Matthew, who is 6 
months old, a future. That is the morality.
  Mr. Speaker, I yield back the balance of my time.

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