[Congressional Record Volume 168, Number 198 (Tuesday, December 20, 2022)]
[Senate]
[Pages S7793-S7803]
From the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]



                         Farewell to the Senate

  Mr. LEAHY. Mr. President, I thank the Presiding Officer for the 
recognition, and I thank all who are here.
  There are some things we experience in life that we can never prepare 
for no matter how hard we try. Embarking on a life with the person you 
love is one. Having, raising, and loving a child is another. And then 
there is this one today.
  I have been here 48 years. Perhaps to the dismay of hundreds of 
distinguished Presiding Officers, I have delivered many floor 
statements--some more eloquent than others, some less--but I have never 
delivered a speech like this, and I so appreciate all of you indulging 
me.
  My friends and colleagues, Marcelle and I have such warm and lasting 
memories of so many who have served in this Chamber, now and through 
many years, including mentors from the first day I arrived here, like 
Republican Senator Bob Stafford. He was our State's senior Senator when 
I arrived here, and I watched him in awe. But he was a person who 
looked me in the eye and said to this 34-year-old freshman: Patrick, 
you are not my junior Senator; from here on, you are my Senate partner. 
And what a difference that made.
  In the last 48 years, the Senate has become a family to both Marcelle 
and me. Here, we have found friends--some of our best friends--and 
relationships that will last throughout our lifetime. It is also the 
place where I had the privilege of fighting for Vermont--the place 
where I was born, where I met Marcelle; the place where we started our 
family; and the place to which, early in the new year, we will return 
together, the State of our birth.
  But I have a reverence for this place and its history, its 
constitutional role that, as people, I know we all share. I have had 
this sense of awe about the Senate from an early age. I used to walk to 
the Capitol in my time here as a law student at Georgetown University 
Law Center. I would sit in the Gallery. I would watch, transfixed, as 
the Senate debated the most pressing issues of the day. Back then, I 
could have never imagined that I would one day etch my name into one of 
these desks, let alone that I would have the opportunity to cast well 
over 17,000 votes, that I would serve with 400 Senators during my time 
here.
  Eight times the voters of Vermont--my neighbors, my friends, my 
family--gave me the great gift of their faith in sending me here to be 
their voice in the United States Senate, but what propelled me to run 
was the belief that I understood the needs and values of Vermont and 
thought it was time for a new generation to address them.
  Dublin-born Parliamentarian Edmund Burke's speech to the Electors of 
Bristol serves as my North Star. He said:

       Your representative owes you, not his industry only, but 
     his judgment.

  Burke also said that a representative ought not to sacrifice to you 
his conscience.
  After what many described at that time as an improbable win in a 
State that had never elected a Democrat, never elected anybody as young 
as I was, I began my time in the Senate in the aftermath of a 
constitutional crisis. We faced a nation broken by the Watergate 
scandal, the resignation of President Nixon, and an endless war in 
Vietnam. As I leave in a few days, the Nation is coping with strains 
and challenges of other kinds, including very real threats to the whole 
concept of a working democracy, the sanctity of our Constitution, our 
elections, and the strength of the rule of law.
  Another thing I could never have imagined as that young law student 
sitting up there in the Gallery was that one day this Chamber itself 
and the Capitol would be stormed by a lawless and violent mob.
  Now, the Senate can be the conscience of the Nation. Being elected 
three times as President pro tempore, I felt I was entrusted as one of 
many stewards of the time-honored norms and traditions which were 
passed down over the years, which helped build trust, which helped the 
Senate, when possible, to work through problems to get difficult things 
done and to allow the Senate, at its best, to rise to the occasion and 
serve as the collective conscience of the Nation. I have seen the 
importance of acts of grace and political self-restraint that make the 
Senate work.

  When I arrived here, bipartisan cooperation was the norm, not the 
exception. It was engrained in the fabric of what it means to be a U.S. 
Senator.
  Now, make no mistake, the Senate of yesterday was far from perfect. I 
came here in 1975, and I realize several of you were not old enough to 
vote at that time. In that body, there were still Senators who signed 
the Southern Manifesto, who filibustered landmark civil rights laws. It 
was a Senate of 99 people because there had been a tied race in New 
Hampshire. So I was sworn in to serve alongside 98 other men--all men, 
not a single woman out of 100--and I thought, boy, progress was a long 
way away.
  But the Senate I entered had one remarkable, redeeming quality: The 
overwhelming majority of Senators of both parties believed they were 
here to do a job, not just score political points or reduce debate 
oratory to bumper sticker slogans. Issues like budgets and farm bills 
and transportation bills had nothing to do with whether a Senator was a 
Republican or a Democrat; it was all about the nature of our home 
States.
  Now, no one would accuse Bob Dole or Ted Kennedy or George McGovern 
or Howard Baker or Paul Laxalt or so many others of being closet 
Democrats or closet Republicans, but each one of them understood that, 
to do our jobs the right way, we had to work together. And we did.
  Republican leader Senator McConnell and I have worked together on the 
Appropriations Committee. We passed our gavel back and forth on the 
Foreign Ops Subcommittee depending upon who was in the majority, and we 
worked together passing complex bills, but we worked with a sense of 
common purpose and respect and incredible productivity because we had 
that common purpose.
  Now, of course, that did not mean there weren't times when both sides 
fought like cats and dogs on the Senate floor, in an election campaign. 
That was understood. But there were unwritten rules that applied, quite 
different than they are today. Senators didn't engage in scorched-earth 
politics because they knew they would return the day after the election 
to a Senate that only worked if you found and stood on common ground. 
The person you battled today might be someone you need to work with on 
a different issue tomorrow.
  Now, I will share something easily forgotten but something I learned 
on the Agriculture Committee. I once overheard someone say in the 
cloakroom that they had been out driving in the middle of nowhere. 
Well, I thought to myself, if you are one of the people who live there, 
you know it is always the middle of somewhere. And that was a bit of a 
brainstorm.
  For years, I had been traveling, when Senate recesses allowed, to try 
to understand the world a little better, traveled to build some 
relationships with other leaders in other countries, allies and 
adversaries alike. From that very first codel onward, I found that 
almost without fail, when Senators of both parties travel together, 
their partisan differences dull and their shared perspective grows. You 
see a country, and you see the country through each other's eyes, not 
just your own.

[[Page S7794]]

  So Dick Lugar and I came up with a new idea: Let's have a codel here 
at home in the United States to help Senators understand that rural 
States--whether they are north, south, east, or west--had a lot in 
common, to make it clear that everywhere was somewhere and ``nowhere'' 
was just a place on a map you hadn't experienced yet. So we explored 
those States together, having codels in each of the States--Republican 
States and Democratic States--and would hear from the people there, but 
more importantly, we got to know each other. We all became invested in 
each other's success, legislative and personal.
  I fear those days may be gone, but I pray just temporarily because if 
we don't start working together more, if we don't know and respect each 
other, the world's greatest deliberative body will sink slowly into 
irrelevance and, Heaven forbid, become our own version of the House of 
Lords.
  I am especially proud of the work I have been able to do for Vermont 
and for Americans across the Nation. Our distinguished leader here, 
Senator Schumer, has heard more about Vermont than anybody from New 
York ever has, and I thank him--I thank him, as a lifelong Vermonter, 
for listening. Among them are things that came from Vermont--the 
organic standards and labeling act. It was first blocked because it 
would be crunchy granola. Well, it is a $60 billion industry in this 
country now. Some crunch. Some granola.
  We also enacted in this body the world's first ban on the export of 
anti-personnel landmines. I started off having three votes backing me, 
three or four votes. When it came to a vote--every desk carrying a 
publication I helped write--the vote was 100 to 0 across the political 
spectrum. I am very, very proud of that.
  There were decades of work here to protect our beloved Lake 
Champlain; supporting our farmers and forging new markets; revitalizing 
historic town centers across our State; greatly expanding the Green 
Mountain National Forest by more than 140,000 acres, protecting one of 
Vermont's and actually one of America's greatest treasures; and 
bringing resources to rebuild after disasters, from the devastation of 
Tropical Storm Irene to the ravage of the COVID pandemic. I can never 
thank enough the Senators of both parties who joined with me on that.
  The Leahy War Victims Fund is helping innocent victims of war across 
the globe. The Innocence Protection Act and the Kirk Bloodsworth 
Program facilitate use of DNA evidence to convict the guilty and 
exonerate the innocent. And there are the human rights protections of 
the Leahy Law. I will be forever grateful that I had an opportunity to 
be here to put those laws in place.
  We strengthened and extended the Violence Against Women Act. I was 
joined on that by colleagues on both sides of the aisle so we could do 
it, making it the act it is today.
  Then there is the work on the Voting Rights Act and the Freedom of 
Information Act, where I joined with a prominent Republican, and I as a 
Democrat said: Americans have a right to know what their government is 
doing no matter which party is in control of the government; a longtime 
effort to restore diplomatic relations with Cuba; and a landmark 
program to remediate toxic sites in Vietnam left over from the use of 
Agent Orange in the Vietnam war and to care for those who were exposed. 
I thank the Presidents of both parties who backed me on doing that and 
brought relief to a country that so desperately needed it.
  We made our copyright laws more effective--the bill we were able to 
write updated the copyright laws for the first time in 50 years--and 
protected Americans' privacy from government overreach.
  I mentioned the strengthening of the Freedom of Information Act 
several times and in several ways. No matter what party we belong to, 
we ought to know what our government is doing.
  I have often been asked for the formula that I have used to get laws 
like these across the finish line. I must admit, I allowed a little bit 
of humor this morning at 1 or 1:30 when we filed the omnibus bill. I 
should probably release what I told Chairman Schumer. I do it very 
fairly. I treat every State the same, alphabetically starting with the 
letter V--no. Let me be serious for a moment in case anybody thinks 
that is what we do. We do it because Democrats and Republicans learn to 
work together, and each side knows that they don't get every single 
thing they want, but they can get most of the things the American 
people need. It is far more important that the American people are 
helped than any one of us individually.
  It feels like yesterday that I walked into my first meeting with the 
person who would become my first majority leader, ``Iron Mike'' 
Mansfield. The majority leader put a fundamental question to every new 
Senator: Why do you want to be here--for the title or to make a 
difference, to make lives better?
  Although he was a soft-spoken man who listened more than he spoke and 
rarely gave speeches on the Senate floor, Leader Mansfield dispensed 
one piece of advice that made as enduring an impression as the question 
he left to each Senator to answer for themselves. He said: ``Senators 
should always keep their word.'' And I think of that every single time 
I look at his portrait in the Mansfield Room.
  It struck me that across all those weighty debates, navigating the 
complicated and contradictory politics of a Senate and a caucus that 
included everything from--remember when I came in--social conservatives 
and segregationists to civil rights icons and prairie populists, 
Mansfield succeeded because he understood that the currency of the 
institution was actually trust, not ideology. ``Senators should always 
keep their word.'' It was a simple formula, but it worked.
  If you knew what commitments colleagues had made to each other, you 
could count the votes. If you could count the votes, you could set the 
agenda. If you knew the agenda, you could set the schedule. If you 
could set the schedule, you could pass legislation and still send the 
Senators home to be present in their States when it counted. And if 100 
Senators were invested in keeping their word to one another, then 
together we could keep our word to this institution and to the 
Constitution.
  So, Mr. President, I am going to leave here with the satisfaction of 
knowing that I answered Leader Mansfield's question the best way I 
could, in keeping with my conscience, and that I did what I could to 
make a difference. And I leave here knowing above all that, right or 
wrong, difficult or easy, I kept my word to Vermont and to each of you.
  I want to thank my current staff and my staff throughout those 48 
years. They have steadfastly stood by me and our shared goals to 
deliver for Vermonters, for Vermont, and for all of our country.
  I want to thank my family--our children, their spouses, our 
grandchildren, my parents, who were here with me to start this journey 
in my first Senate election, who I know watch over the entire Leahy 
family today, as do Marcelle's parents, who were also there. What a 
gift. What a gift to have had a mother and father who passed down to 
their children and grandchildren not privilege but a powerful example.

  One of the problems of being half Irish and half Italian is that 
sometimes your emotions get under you.
  And, of course, Marcelle. I was 19 and she was 17 when we met. I took 
one look at Marcelle, and I knew I wanted to go on every journey 
together. Sixty-three years later, we are still on that journey. She is 
still my closest friend, my partner, and my anchor.
  I have been uniquely blessed to have served with fellow Vermonters 
who share my deep love and commitment to Vermont: Senator Bob Stafford, 
Senator Jim Jeffords, Senator Bernie Sanders, Representative Peter 
Smith, and, of course, Representative and now Senator-elect Peter 
Welch. I couldn't be more grateful that Congressman and Senator-elect 
Peter Welch will be carrying on after me with his own agenda.
  I might mention, you are going to like and respect your new fellow 
Senator. I think people will on both sides of the aisle. Our collective 
efforts are why in so many ways Vermont continues to set an example for 
the Nation to follow.
  Marcelle and I will leave with the same conviction that brought us to 
Washington in the first place: that the brighter horizons of tomorrow 
hold the hope of the future. I leave still carrying that same sense of 
reverence

[[Page S7795]]

about the place I felt as a law student. I have had and still have so 
many ``pinch-me'' moments, and one of the last ones will be etching my 
name inside my desk.
  I will forever carry with me the enduring bond of my fellow 
Vermonters, whose common sense and goodness are what I have tried to 
match as their representative.
  ``What a place this is.'' I wrote those words in the margin of my 
legal pad as I rode back to our house late one evening after a very 
full Senate session last year when we were working out COVID relief for 
people who were still hurting. But what a place this is still.
  I wondered what this 82-year-old President pro tempore of the United 
States Senate would love to say to the 33-year-old version of myself 
nervously walking for the first time onto the Senate floor. The 82-
year-old President pro tempore would say to that 33-year-old brand new 
Senator from Vermont: Don't lose that sense of awe, kid. Hold on to it. 
Treasure it. Don't even for a minute forget what a privilege and a 
responsibility it is to serve here.
  I have never forgotten.
  Sometimes when I drive past the Jefferson Memorial and I look at 
Jefferson in his marble rotunda, I am reminded of the tension that was 
and is America: imperfect people struggling to make reality out of 
ideals that they fail themselves to meet but always, always keep on 
trying. I think of my father, the self-taught historian. He loved to 
share with me the twists and turns of times gone by, not to lift up 
heroes as idols or point out their feet of clay but to find meaning and 
purpose in the journey. Only first-generation immigrants like my 
mother, whose parents had left homes where such journeys of change and 
redemption were not possible, could have such a gleeful appreciation 
for the fact that America wasn't a place but an idea--an idea of 
unmatched possibilities ever in search of its own perfection, for new 
and next generations to write.
  I have so loved the privilege of being even a small part of this 
story, America's story, and I have loved the privilege of working with 
giants and heroes here in this Chamber.
  I think of John Glenn and the Senate he represented. We came in 
together. I wonder what he would think of how we carried the baton that 
he passed on to the next generation. And then my mind flashes back to 
John's internment at Arlington National Cemetery. In the chapel where 
we gathered, at the end, the marine bugler played ``Taps.'' Imagine a 
somber feeling. He paused and then, completing a request that Senator 
Glenn had made himself but kept as a surprise, burst into ``Reveille.'' 
The mood in that chapel. That was John Glenn. There was a time to mourn 
and remember what was lost, but there was always another mission, 
another call to serve, another day. And that is how it has to be for 
every one of us--every one of us--in this Chamber.
  Yes, the Senate is broken in too many places. No, our institutions 
are not what Mike Mansfield, Hugh Scott, Gerry Ford, Hubert Humphrey, 
Ted Kennedy, John Stennis, and Barry Goldwater knew them to be.
  But some of that change is good. A lot of it is tragic. It all is 
simply what it is. I tell my colleagues: You can point fingers, or you 
can point the way forward to something better. And that is America, 
isn't it?
  So I don't leave here today with a requiem for the Senate. I leave 
here with a recipe and request for its renewal--not taps, but 
reveille--always reaching, always repairing, never retreating, never 
retiring from the journey. America doesn't stop. The Senate just keeps 
turning. If we are lucky--if we are lucky--all of us get a chance to 
help tilt the trajectory forward. Just remember what Mike Mansfield 
said: Keep your word.
  Thirty years ago, I visited a refugee camp after a war in that 
country. I brought my cameras, as I do everywhere, so I can show people 
back in Washington the human toll of this issue. Always on visits like 
this, I would ask if it is OK to take someone's picture. To be a 
displaced person is to have endured enough without somebody invading 
your privacy. On this trip, a man encouraged me to take his picture. I 
looked at his worn, weary face with a rangefinder. We sat and talked 
afterward, and he said simply: Don't forget people like me. That black 
and white picture has hung above my desk for 30 years since. Every day 
I come to work, he is looking at me. He is saying: You don't know my 
name; you don't speak my language; there is nothing I can do to help 
you, but what are you doing to help people like me?
  Conscience--that is what people are hungry for governments to stand 
for. So now I am taking my ``conscience photo'' home with me, but I 
know that man's eyes will keep watching all of us and all of you.
  What a journey. What an abiding hope that someday after I am gone, 
the Senate and both parties will come back together and be the 
conscience of the Nation. You can build a Senate defined not by sound 
bites, but one strength in the women and men with a sense of history 
who insist our Republic move forward. For the sake of all those 
children and their children and all children and all Americans, it not 
only can be done, it has to be done.
  Serving with 400 different Senators has been an honor, but 
representing Vermonters has been the greatest honor. I am humbled and 
always will be by their support. I am confident what the future holds, 
but that is going to be up to all of you.
  I will submit a list of the staff that made it possible over the 
years for me to do this, people who deserve the credit for my 
accomplishment.
  I end with, to every one of my colleagues: Thank you.
  (Applause, Senators rising.)
  Mr. President, the Senate in a real sense is a family. I have come to 
know and work with so many staff members and their families, reporters 
and photographers, the Capitol Police--including the detail assigned to 
me in my current role--the Senate pages, and the many others whose work 
helps run and maintain this hallowed building.
  I have been blessed with talented aides who were drawn to public 
service for the right reasons--superb assistants like my current chief 
of staff, J.P. Dowd; legislative director Erica Chabot, who now assists 
Chairwoman Stabenow as the new staff director for the Agriculture 
Committee; my current legislative director, Sherman Patrick; my deputy 
chief of staff, Annette Gillis; my senior adviser, Kevin McDonald; my 
State director, John Tracy, and Chuck Ross, before him; my longtime 
chief foreign policy adviser, Tim Rieser; my longtime communications 
director, David Carle; my two top aides leading the Appropriations 
Committee staff, Charles Kieffer and Chanda Betourney; my press 
secretary on the Appropriations Committee, Jay Tilton; my chief counsel 
and staff director on the Judiciary Committee, Raj Venkataramanan; and 
Bruce Cohen and Kristine Lucius, my former chief counsels and staff 
directors on the Judiciary Committee; also former chiefs of staff Luke 
Albee, Ed Pagano, Ellen Lovell and Paul Bruhn; former deputy chief of 
staff Ann Berry, who now so ably serves as Secretary of the Senate; 
Clara Kircher was deputy chief of staff before her; and so many others.
  I will submit for the Record a full roster of those who have served 
on my staff over the years. Marcelle and I thank them all, and we will 
miss seeing them in the hallways and hearing rooms.
  I ask unanimous consent that the names of all those who served on my 
personal office and committee staff be printed in the Record.
  There being no objection, the material was ordered to be printed in 
the Record, as follows:

       Abare, Kimberly A; Abrams, Evan; Acheson, Emma R; Ackerman, 
     Kenneth D; Adcock, Alexandra Brooke; Adegbile, Debo P; Aden-
     Wansbury, Casey; Adkins, David C; Aeschliman, Katherine E; 
     Agnew, C.W. Lucas; Aguirre, John J; Aidun, Hillary; Aiken, 
     Gloria I; Aja, Lucille L; Albee, Luke S; Alberghini DiPalma, 
     Theresa; Alexander, Catherine C; Ali, Mohammad H; Allbee, 
     Ronald A.
       Allen, Emma Neelani; Allen, Kristen; Allendorf, Laura L; 
     Aloi, Elizabeth A; Amaya, John; Amestoy, Christina; Anderson, 
     Katherine S; Anderson, Nina R; Andrews, Dawn K; Anechiarico, 
     Dacey M; Angel, Carole; Apfeld, Luke; Arenos, Frieda L; Arfa, 
     Rachel M; Arms, Vanessa M; Ash, Katherine E; Ashley, Rebecca; 
     Atkinson, Corinne Louise; Audet, Autumn; Audet, Jeremy.
       Audet, Susan O; Audette, Jessie; Audibert, Matthew J; Axe, 
     Jessi K; Babb, Peter M; Backup, Ditra R N; Baenig, Brian T; 
     Bagley, Meredith M; Baglien, Brent A; Bahrenburg, Andrew J; 
     Baird, Stacy A; Baker, Benjamin I; Baker, David M; Baker, 
     Ross K; Ballard, Grady; Bambara, Alicia R; Bang-Jensen, Bree 
     L; Banister, Lauren Dorothy; Banks, Brian L; Bannigan, Clara 
     A.

[[Page S7796]]

       Barber, Judy E; Barham, Mary A; Barlowe, Alexandra C; 
     Barnes, Elizabeth H; Barnett, Lynette R; Barnhart, Elizabeth 
     C; Barrett, Debra S; Barrett, Gretchen M; Barrett, Michelle 
     L; Barron, Edward J; Barron, James W; Barros, Kathleen; 
     Barry, Elise; Barry, John W; Barry, Lydia Kennie; Bartlett, 
     Ellen J; Bashford, Jessica N; Bastin, Jennifer; Bates, Taylor 
     H; Bauers, Sarah.
       Bayer, Shannon J; Bean, Rebecca A; Bean, Walker T; Beaton, 
     Alex J; Beaudoin JR, Eugene W; Becker, Jonathan H; Becker-
     Pollet, Jennifer A; Beckert, John B; Bednarczyk, Michael C; 
     Bedoya, Alvaro M; Belforti, Michael; Belle Isle, Paul P; 
     Benedict, Margot G; Benjamin, Claire R; Benjamin, Karen; 
     Benner, Timothy C; Berger, Jonathan; Bergh, Thomas R; Berry, 
     Jessica M; Berry, Marsha E.
       Berry, Sonceria A; Berry, Thomas H; Bessette, Thomas A; 
     Betourney, Chanda M; Bettman, Randi L; Bhardwaj, Manu K; 
     Bhattacharya, Monica; Billings, Susanna S; Bird, Jennifer L; 
     Birmingham, Matthew T; Bisaccio, Derek P; Bishop, Douglas K; 
     Bittinger, William D; Blain, Natacha; Blaisdel, Michael E; 
     Bland, Zachary D; Blau, Zachary; Block, Alexandra K; Bloom, 
     Hamilton R; Bloom, Lauren H.
       Bludevich, Zoe N; Boardman, Somayina; Boehm, Eric W; Boggs, 
     Alexia C; Bolduc, Kathleen R; Bolivar, Sylvia E; Bomberger, 
     Elizabeth U; Bongiorno, Julianne R; Bookbinder, Noah D; 
     Bordonaro, Anne E; Borre, Mary Alisa; Bottome, Lydia D; 
     Bouchard, Maureen O; Bourne, Sarah H; Bowie, Gavin M; Bowles, 
     Katherine Jackson; Bowman, Scott; Boyd, John C; Brackett, 
     Lauren M; Braddock, Richard L.
       Brady, Claire B; Brady, Edward M; Brady, Jessica L; Bragg, 
     Janell L; Bragg, Lucia F; Brandt, David R; Brannigan, Susan; 
     Branon, Bryan J; Breslin, Janet E; Bresnahan, Jennifer; 
     Brewster, Hazel C; Brickey, Carolyn W; Brighenti, Lisa M; 
     Bright III, William E; Bright, Caroline W; Briglin, Timothy 
     C; Brosnan, Aaron N; Brosseau, Maria C.
       Brostrom, Molly; Brown, Coleman M; Brown, Geoffrey H; 
     Brown, Jennifer M; Brown, Joanne M; Brown, Kelly D; Brown, 
     Marjorie J; Brown, Roger; Bruchs, Amanda Kate; Bruhn, 
     Kathleen S; Bruhn, Paul A; Brundage, Nina R; Buchdahl, Jacob; 
     Buis, Thomas P; Burditt, Elise C; Burfeind, Leanna L; 
     Burgess, Brady; Burgess, Mary E; Burke, Caroline E; Burkins, 
     Melody B.
       Burroughs, Jeneva E; Byme, Mary L; Caalim, Angela-Gussi I; 
     Caffary, Robert G; Cain, Stephen J; Calabro, Lia; Calderon, 
     Marialejandra; Calhoun, Michael J; Callander, Sarah E; 
     Callands, Valerie J; Callison, James Patrick; Camp, Erik G; 
     Campbell JR, John B; Campbell, Charles M; Campbell, Eamonn; 
     Cangelosi, Allegra; Cannone, Kyle; Cantor, Max S; Carle, 
     David W; Camahan, Paul A.
       Cames, Alexander N; Carpenter, Thomas R; Carragher, Allison 
     M; Carrel, Marc; Carrese, Madeleine C; Carrier, Joyce H; 
     Carrigan, Joan H; Carroll, Patrick B; Carson, April R; 
     Carter, Erin E; Carter, Morgan R; Case, Emily Van Buren; 
     Casey, Angie L; Castro, George A; Cater, Natalie E; 
     Celentano, Katherine E; Chaffee, Louise C; Chandler, Crystal 
     L; Chant, Paul W; Chap, Helen.
       Charron, Samuel Leddy; Chauvin, Hannah C; Cheatham, Anne W; 
     Cheney, Bradford B; Cherington, Rachel M; Choukas, Michael A; 
     Christiansen, Anders; Ciamarra, Michael J; Claflin, Katherine 
     M; Clapp, Douglas C; Clark, Charity R; Clark, Miles N; Clark, 
     Thomas R; Clarke, John H; Clavelle, David A; Clavelle, Luke 
     F; Clementi, Michael P; Coates, Diane; Coates, Patricia M; 
     Coats, Elisabeth F.T.
       Coffin, Clarissa D; Cohen, Bruce A; Cohen, David A; Cohn, D 
     J; Cohn, Maya E; Colaianni, Lisa A; Collins, Maria A; 
     Collins, Patrick T; Collins, Seamus; Conlon, Terrence; 
     Conlon, William A; Conner, Charles F; Connor, Timothy G; 
     Cook, Deborah T; Cook, Jessica A; Cook, William Christopher; 
     Cookson, Cara L; Cooper, Aaron; Cooper, Jonathan G.
       Cope, Lindsey; Cosgrove, Thomas W; Cota, Gregory R; Cota, 
     Shirley F; Couillard, Kaitlin M; Cowen, Heather Lynne; Craig, 
     Catherine; Cramer, Amy M; Craven, Jasper C; Crawford, Sydney 
     C; Crawford, Tobias W; Cribben, Rosemary S; Crook, Colleen M; 
     Cross, Judith K; Crowel, Linda N; Crowley, Talia Lea; Cubie, 
     James M; Cummings, Meaghan M; Cupp, Sarah M; Curtin, Marese 
     A.
       Cutler, Allen R; Dach, Leslie A; Dahl, Kristopher A; Dakin, 
     Emily S; Daley, Timothy J; Daly, James J; Daly, Kathleen; 
     Danaher, William M; Danehey, John F; Daner, Brian R; Daniels, 
     Kelsey E; Daniels, Robert H; Daniels, Robert V; Darby, 
     Alberta N; Daumit III, Alexander J; Davey, Thomas B; Davies, 
     Susan M; Davis, Austin N; Davis, George; Davis, Shawn R.
       Davis, Thomas C; Day, Donna R; Day, Jodie L; Dayno, Zachary 
     M; De Gray, Sarah E; De Rosa, Mary B; De Wolfe, Reid J; Dean, 
     Megan D; Deck, Laura E; Declet, Brandon D; Delaney, William; 
     Demers, Megan E; Dempsey, Erica J; Dent, Elizabeth King; 
     Deoreo, Mary B; Der Garabedian, Rebecca; Derby, Diane; 
     Derosa, Carol J; Devlin, Mary E; Devlin, Regina M.
       Devoid, Issac Kyle; Diamond, Joshua R; Dickson, Donald E; 
     Diender, Rachel M; Dier, Cary L; Dilg, Helen Lane; Dillane, 
     Maia E; Dinklage, Charles N; Dittrich, Suzette M; Dixon, 
     Desyree A; Doane, Christina A; Doerr, Brian M; Doherty, Clare 
     C; Dole, Spencer M; Dominguez, Michelle; Donaghue, Michael; 
     Donnelly, Patrick J; Donoghue, Robert J; Donovan, Deirdre M; 
     Dourmashkin, Rebecca W.
       Dowd, John P; Doyle, Caitlin A; Ducharme, Terrance P; 
     Dudley, Drenan Elizabeth; Duell, Kim; Duhnke III, William 
     David; Dumez, Jacob Aaron; Dunbar, Mary M; Dunham, N 
     Meredith; Dunn, Laura L; Dunn, Madison T; Dunn, Michael V; 
     Dunne, Brigid M; Dupee, Michael K; Dupree, Emerald J; 
     Durborow, Kimberly E; Durrell, Suzanne E; Dwyer, Jackson T; 
     Dycus, Jamie S.
       Dyer, David R; Dysart, Elizabeth L; Dysart, Peter I; 
     Eccles, Joyce A; Ecker, Robert G; Edmonds, Margaret F; 
     Edwards, Faire R; Egger, Ryan J; Eisen, Jean Toal; Ellis, 
     Alexander M K; Ellis, Brian F; Engels JR, John; Erenhouse, 
     Chad M; Erickson, Lindsay Ann; Erlebacher, Rachel C; 
     Esckilsen, Kristin A; Eskra, Jennifer A; Espinel, Zulima L; 
     Ettlinger, Elysa; Evans, Rebecca Dane.
       Eversole, Kellye A; Ewell, Benjamin L; Ewing, John T; Eyre, 
     Ramsay W.B.; Faletti, Thomas; Farahmand, Kali A; Fariel, 
     Megan R; Farland, Bryant; Farnham, Lillian P; Farnham, 
     Madeline; Farrington, James P; Fast, Marvin B; Fastie, Galen 
     L; Fauth, Wade; Fay, Johanna P; Feinleib, Max H; Ferenc, 
     Samuel; Fernandez, Michael D; Ferro, Kevin T; Ferver, Emily.
       Fifield, Adam; Finer, Jonathan J; Finneran, Michaela; 
     Quinnbea; Finnie, Kathryn A; Fischer, Alexander M; Fischer, 
     Anna L; Fischer, David B; Fish, Andrew C; Fishman, Aryeh B; 
     Fitzpatrick, Mary C; Flanagan, Cody L; Flatow, Joel L; 
     Fletcher, Diane; Flickinger, Barbara J; Flint, Lara M; Flynn, 
     Kevin W; Flynn, Kiera M; Flynn, Ryan P; Flynn, Sean M.
       Flynt, Molly Clark; Forbes, John R; Ford, James E; Ford, 
     Jared D; Ford, Tyler J; Fordy, Camille L; Forgie, Anna C; 
     Forward, Graham; Foster, Alison; Foster, Meron E; Fox, Mark 
     R; Francavilla, Jane; Francis, Michael A; Franklin, Robert R; 
     Franks, M D; Frazier, Jacqueline D; Frech, James E; 
     Fredrickson, Caroline R; Friedel, Laura A; Friedman, Jill D.
       Frommer, Ross Andrew; Frosch, Elizabeth; Frost, Kelly; 
     Fuirst, Abigail Deborah; Funk, Jason Richard; Fyles, Adam M; 
     Gaffin, Michael A; Gaffney, Helen R; Gage, Margaret M; 
     Gagliardone, Lucia; Wetherbee; Gagne, David L; Gagne, Julia 
     S; Gallagher, Colleen; Gallagher, Colleen H; Gallagher, 
     Connell; Gallagher, Susan C; Galloway-Kane, Finnian C; 
     Ganghan, Michael C; Garland, Margaret P.
       Garland, Sara G; Gartner, Emily R; Gazley, Beth A; Gelb, 
     Rebecca A; Genderson, Elyse R; Gendron, Margaret R; Genetti, 
     Catherine L; Gentile, Michael; Gentry, Bradford S; George, 
     Peggy L; George-Wheeler, Leila S; Gerencser, Stephen J; 
     Gerhardt, Michael J; Getty, Matthew D; Giardina, Lane J; 
     Giknis, Courtney S; Gillis, Annette M; Gillis, Gena S; 
     Gillon, William A.
       Gilman, Jonathan B; Gilmore, Corey F; Ginsberg, Daniel B; 
     Girard, Lauren E; Givens, Alexandra R; Glenn, Cathy R; 
     Gluskoter, Leah L; Godlewski, Heather Rachel; Godwin, Amanda 
     A; Godwin, Laura M; Goggans, Miles M; Goldberg, David; 
     Goldberg, Joshua P; Goldner, Aaron P; Golovin, Henry; Gomory, 
     Owen W; Goodman, William T; Goodrow, John P; Goodstein, 
     Samuel G; Gordon, Robert M; Gossens, Joanne M; Gottlieb, 
     Sasha; Gourlay, Diana H; Graab, Alison C; Grace, Abigail C; 
     Graffeo, Jonathan J; Graham, Deborah L; Granda, Madeleine 
     E.S.; Grasso, Jacob R; Graves, Lisa R; Gray, Marion S; Gray, 
     Molly R; Greelegs, Ed C; Green, Max A; Green, Robert R; 
     Green, Susanne Lynn; Greene JR, James B; Greene, Anna C; 
     Greene, Christy.
       Greenfeld, Helaine A; Greenwood, Lee A; Greenwood, Terrance 
     P; Greer, Matthew; Gregoire, Logan L; Gregory, Janet E; 
     Griggsby, Lydia K; Grimo, Matthew; Gross, Margaret; Grout, 
     Leah M; Grove, Paul C; Guerra, Alexander; Guidugli, Thomas F; 
     Guilardi, Amanda J; Guile, Aaron S; Guillot, John D; Guillot, 
     Mary L; Guiltinan, Rosemary B; Gully, Kevin M; Gupta, Utsav.
       Haber, Jon; Hackerson, Cecilia S M; Hackett, Sarah A; 
     Hagan, Sara K; Hall, Andrea R; Hall, Ann T; Hall, Kent S; 
     Hall, Noah R; Halpert, Juliana S; Halverson, Mark B; Hamill, 
     Kimberly D; Hamilton, Anna J; Hamilton, Brea; Hamilton, 
     Katherine R; Hammond, Benjamin L; Hampton, Ryan Jay; Hanauer, 
     Jill S; Hanley, Margaret E; Hannon, Matthew; Hansen, Mary F.
       Harbaugh, Diana Lynn; Harberg, Jade N; Harlow, Frederick D; 
     Harper, Justin H; Harris, Kyra A; Harris, Olivia S; Harris-
     Warrick, Thomas M; Hart, Reeves M; Hasazi, Sarah M; Hassett, 
     Andrew P; Hassett, Claire; Hastings III, John A; Hayes, 
     Leslie L; Hazen, Trevor H; Hebert, Thomas R; Heffner, Judith 
     C; Hegg, Dabney P; Heim, Laurie Freeman SchultzHeinrichs, 
     Hanz C; Heiss, Rosemary.
       Henry, Michael S; Herrero, David; Herring, Joan; Herwig, 
     Paige L; Hewitt, Elizabeth M; Hickling, Christopher W; 
     Hickok, Chester J; Hilker, Lucas C.B.; Hill, Wendy K; 
     Hillman, Joshua M; Hines, Shannon; Hutcherson; Hoadley, 
     Jonathan ; Hockin, Brian ; Hoesing, Karrin; Hoff, Joanne 
     Cianci; Hoffuaus, Stacy W; Hollister, Morgan W.
       Holt, Jeffrey R; Holt, Mark E; Hong, Rachel L; Horan, 
     James; Horbar, Marie C; Houston, Greta J; Howard, Katherine 
     M; Howe, Tobias B; Howell, Beryl A; Howell, Matthew; 
     Howrigan, Kaitlin A; Hsu, Josh; Hubbard, Benjamin L; Hudson, 
     Repps B; Huebner, Benjamin T; Huessy, Margaret M; Hughes, 
     Caitlin G; Hughes, Robert T; Hughey, Shanna S; Hunt, Frances 
     A.
       Hunt, John L; Hunt, Ryan D; Hurley, Emma K; Hutchinson, 
     Kathryn W; Hutchinson, Randi F; Hutton, Valerie A; Indorf, 
     Andrew C; Ireland, Samuel S; Irvine, Leslie M; Iscoe, Adam R; 
     Iseman, Frederick J; Iversen, Shawn L; Jackson, Christina; 
     Jacobius, Rose-Marie; Jacobson, Rachel M; Jacome, Edward R; 
     Jaffe, Harry S; Jamele

[[Page S7797]]

     JR, Joseph; Jamele, Stephen P; Jarvis, Joseph Mark.
       Jensvold, Darcie R; Jessup, Kimberly K; Jette, Karen F; 
     Jiang, Chun Y; Jimerson, Rebecca; Johnson, Chance L; Johnson, 
     David L; Johnson, Emily Scott; Johnson, Kaylee T; Johnson, 
     Paul W; Jolovitz, Herbert A; Jones JR, Roscoe; Jones, Diane 
     S; Jones, Ellen L; Jones, Jefferson J; Jones, Lillian B; 
     Joyal, Georgia L; Joyal, Jessica; Julyan, David S; Kaigle, 
     Aaron R.
       Kaiser, Katherine M; Kartzmer, Melanie L; Katzman, Julie E; 
     Kaufer, Katherine M; Kavanagh, Michael J; Kazati-Morgan, Zev 
     Jacob; Keam, Mark Lee; Kearns, Elizabeth E; Keefe, Meagan G; 
     Keenan, Alex S; Kelley, Kathleen A; Kelly, Stephen D; 
     Kendall, Jane S; Kenney II, Frederick S; Kenney, Edward M; 
     Kernoff, Joshua A; Kervick, Paul A; Keyser, Chelsea Larkin; 
     Khalil, Nora Francis.
       Kieffer, Charles E; Kielman, Roland S; Kimbell, Charles F; 
     King, Robert J; Kingston, Maureen A; Kinzer, Kimberly D; 
     Kinzer, Mary P; Kinzer, Sanford G; Kirby, Sean P; Kircher, 
     Clara J; Kireker, Bennett J; Kirk, Jerry W; Kirker, Rebecca 
     A; Kisonak, Lane; Kittell, Vanessa B; Kitzmiller, Amy E; 
     Klepper, Leesa M; Knight, Jennifer A; Knipe, Michael J; Knox, 
     Elizabeth K.
       Knutsen, Maxwell I; Kobelt, Kelsey A; Kolish, Brigid D; 
     Kononan, Jennifer L; Kordowski, Matthew D; Koshgarian, 
     Samantha M; Kowalski, Tanya E; Krattli, Verna Kay; Kraus, 
     Hannah E; Krause, Steven F; Kravitz, Joshua L; Kreckel, John; 
     Kremer, Aaron L; Krieger, David J; Krueger, Mary R; Kruesi, 
     Jonathan E; Kulkarni, Vikram; Kupperman, Tamara; Kwon, Hae J; 
     Kyriacou, Elizabeth S.
       Labun, Sarah H; Lacey, Stephen L; Lachs, Aileen L; Lackey, 
     Miles M; Lafayette, Edward M; Laisch, Mark P; Laman, David M; 
     Lampron, Katherine Q; Lamy, Jonathan L; Landis, Andrew J; 
     Landon, Henry H; Landry, Marissa K; Langevin, Josef R; Lari, 
     Rita G; Larivee, Karen; Larson, Seth M; Laurie, Adrienne N; 
     Lauter, David S; LaViale, Dillon Meyer; Lawson, Michael S.
       Leamy, Ryan J; Lecours, Richard D; Leene, Kara E; Legeyt, 
     Curtis J; Leonard, Robert T; Leopold, Christopher B; 
     Lesofski, Emelyn Faulkner; Letteri, John C; Levin, Garrett; 
     Lewis, Matthew; Lewis, Sarah A; Lieber, David; Liebman, 
     Daniel Lee; Lifton, Jesse D; Lilley, Stephen; Linder, Kestrel 
     A; Lippert, Mark W; Liszt, Michelle Sarah; Littleton, Rachel 
     E.
       Livernash, Robert T; Livingston, Emily K; Loati, Justin L; 
     Locke, Aaron; Locket, Stephani D; Logan, Leslie J; Long, 
     Katherine A; Lovald, Ruth K; Love, Marguerite Lea; Lovell, 
     Ellen M; Lovell, Jesse; Lucas, Roland; Lucio, John; Lucius, 
     Kristine; Lusk, Katharine A; Lynch, Peter S K; Lynch, Timothy 
     J; Lynn, Alexander S; Lynn, Jean M; Macdonald, Mona.
       Madden, Laura L; Madkour, Abraham; Magill, Laurence A; 
     Magner, Tara K; Magnuson, Patrick R; Maher, Christina A; 
     Maher, Paul T; Mahon, Maureen T; Mahoney, M Lynne; Mahood, 
     Alexis G H; Maiola, Joseph; Major, Pollaidh F; Mancini, Laura 
     L; Manitsky, David M; Mann, Paul; Marcoullier, Catherine 
     Rose; Marine, Sharon A; Markowitz, Sandra R; Markwart, Terri 
     Snow.
       Marshall, Malissa M; Martin, Charles W; Martin, Ian M; 
     Martin, Kathleen C; Mashon, Kristi K; Mason, Colleen L; 
     Mason, Meredith O; Mathews, Charles R; Mathews, Nancy; 
     Mathur, Rajat; Matthews, Olivia C; Maxwell, Alexis R; 
     Maxwell, D Gray; Mazel, Nancy R; Mazloom, Maryam; McCann, 
     Adrienne W; McCarvill,John R; McCauley, David; McConaghy, 
     Moira F C; McCormack, Blythe.
       McCoy, Finn; McCoy, Nona S; McCray, Kimberly H; McDonald, 
     Kerry Ann; McDonald, Kevin J; McDonald, Kinnon J; McDonough, 
     Devin M; McDougall, Michael; McDougall, Peter J; McFarland, 
     Katharine B; McFeeters, Amy L; McGaraghan, Neil G; McGovem, 
     Brendan P; McInnis, Katherine; McKennerney, Christin L; 
     McKenzie, Mary A; McLaughlin, Earle B; McMahon, Elizabeth M; 
     McMahon, Jason C.
       McMurray, Anya L; McNally, Catherine; McPherran, Caitlin S; 
     McQuesten, Gary D; McQuillen, Karen L; McQuillen, Molly A; 
     Meany, Megan R; Medina, Olga; Mehta, Nazneen D; Mencher, 
     Daniel; Mensah, Kofi A; Merone, William M; Merrigan, Kathleen 
     A; Merulla, Robert S; Metz, Robert; Meyer, Mary Kate; Meyer, 
     Sara E; Meyers, Jeffrey A; Michaud, Michael M.
       Mickenberg, David A; Mihan, Noah S; Milas, Annalisa M; 
     Miller, Betsy A; Miller, Caitlin; Miller, Christopher J; 
     Miller, Jeremy T; Miller, Mary P; Mingo, Antoinette H; 
     Mishra, Subodh; Mitchell, Maya E; Mock, Haley R; Moghari, 
     Leili A; Molina, Cynthia E; Molino, Timothy A; Monahan, James 
     W; Monroe, Christina M; Monroe, Michelle M; Monsarrat, J 
     Alexander; Mooney, Alexander W.
       Moore, Curtis A; Moore, John T; Moore, Korinne D; Moore, 
     Meghan; Moorehouse, Douglas A; Moran, Molly M; Moran, Monique 
     T; Morgan, Nancy E; Morrill, Ashley M; Morris, Alexandra H; 
     Morrison, Jeffrey Jamele; Morton, Andrew S; Morton, Kristen 
     L; Mosley, Carolyn D; Mott, Meghan; Moulton JR, Hugh G; 
     Moynihan, Helen A; Mulhall III, James A; Muller, Thomas; 
     Mulvaney-Stanak, Emma J; Murphy, Liam L.
       Murphy, Sean A; Murphy, Troy A; Murray, Ellen G; Murray, 
     Jennifer W; Murtha, Elizabeth M; Murtha, William Garvan; 
     Musinski, Thomas R; Mutz, Marla S; Myers, Keri A; Myers, 
     Mindy E; Nance, Jeffrey S; Nardi, Elizabeth J; Nehring, 
     Susan; Neises, Eric J; Nellor, Dianne M; Nelson III, Douglas 
     A; Nelson, Garrison; Nelson, Hilary A; Nelson, Miriam E.
       Neuwalder, Cynthia M; Newsom, Eric D; Newsom, Joel A; 
     Newton, Andrew T; Newton, Anna N; Nguyen, Anh L; Nguyen, Hong 
     T; Nguyen, Nhan; Nicholls, Kiernan J; Nielson, Emily L; 
     Nieratko, Jennifer; Nintemann, Terri A; Nishida-Costello, 
     Lianne S; Noel, Patrick J; Noel, Rebecca R; Nolan, Parker S; 
     Nolan, Seamus T; Norris, John; Norton, Kit Y; Nosse-Leirer, 
     Emily R.
       Nugent, Malachy; Nunnally, Lauren Page; Obbagy, Justin T; 
     Oboyle, Marcy A; Obrien JR, Leo; O'Brien, Cameron C; Obrien, 
     Douglas L; O'Brien, Fiona T; Obrien, Michael R; Obrien, Molly 
     A; Obrine, Kimberly L; Oconnor, David J; Odonnell, Bridget M; 
     Oellermann, Charles M; Olinsky, Benjamin C Omalley, Regen; 
     Oneill, Erin E; O'Neill, Katherine; Orbach Lachman Sherry E; 
     Orourke, Margaret A.
       Orrick, Sara R; Ostojic, Katja C; Owens, Tyler D; Oxford, 
     Warren B; Pachman, Brandon H; Pagano, Jules Edward; Paige, 
     Ann Marie; Palmer, Ashley M; Papineau, Gwen M; Paquin, 
     Christine M; Paquin, Robert G; Paradis, Joseph A; Paris, 
     Jeremy A; Parise, Andrew M; Park III, Joel T; Park, Chan; 
     Parkes, Nancy Ann; Parry, Elizabeth A; Parsons, Paulina G; 
     Pascarella, Stephanie E.
       Pastner, Rebecca M; Patrick, Sherman; Paul, Betsy B; Paul, 
     George V; Paul, Scott N; Pavek, Ryan S; Payne-Funk, Matthew 
     T; Peabody IV, Endicott; Pease, Alison A; Peddie, Heather; 
     Peek, Lincoln D; Pelham, Rachel; Peltier, Sheramy J; Pena, 
     Olivia A; Penar, Peter H; Pendle, David; Penry, Charles D; 
     Perry, Jed M; Petersen, Anna Zoe Lynn; Peterson, Aline G.
       Peterson, Jeffrey A; Peterson, Zoe M; Petrou, Laura; 
     Philips, Andrew; Phillips, Dean; Phillips, John R; Phillips, 
     Ronald B; Phillips, Todd K; Piatt, Jennifer; Pickering, 
     Bruce; Pierce, Kenneth J; Pion, Elizabeth N; Piper, Thomas A; 
     Pisanelli, Andrew L; Pisanelli, Kristina M; Plan, Maile Z; 
     Platt, Andrew J; Ploof, Pamela M; Plunkett, Jack T; Poalino, 
     Eric O.
       Podesta, John D; Podesta, Mae S; Podsiadly, Nicholas J; 
     Poe, Leslie C; Poole, Katherine S; Post, Anna Lindley; Post, 
     Ingrid E; Potter, George Ann; Powell, Laura C; Power, Maeve 
     F; Prado, Caroline B; Preston, Brooks B; Price, Jennifer M; 
     Puller, Travis L; Puopolo, Nicolle M; Purinton, Brooke; 
     Quinn, Elizabeth A; Quinter, Neil F; Racine, Douglas A.
       Racine, William T; Raeder, Joseph L; Rainone, Amy; Raleigh, 
     Christopher J; Raphael, Mara B; Rasch, Tyler Josef; Raven, 
     Erik K; Ray, Patrick B; Raymond, Laurel A; Ready, Ethan M; 
     Reaves, Elizabeth K; Reczek, Jeffrey M; Reichert, Ronald E; 
     Reid Breyette, Willis O; Reilly, Joseph J; Rejman, Jacqueline 
     M; Renner, Thomas A; Reynolds, David A. V.; Rice, Laura D.
       Richards Peelle, Reginald; Richards, Gary S; Richards, 
     Jacob C; Riegelman, Katherine E; Riemenschneider, Charles H; 
     Rieser, Timothy S; Rifkin, Marina R; Riley, John P; Riley, 
     Leigh; Ristau, Gina M; Rita, Patrick M; Robbins, Robert A; 
     Roberts, Kathleen; Roberts, Martha G; Roberts, Tracey C; 
     Rocheleau, Dale A; Rogers, Edward D; Rogers, Glenn F.
       Rogers, Rebecca Felsinger; Rogers, Ronald W; Romano, John 
     P; Rome, Narric W; Rooney, Megan D; Rose, Carl P; Rosen, 
     Jeremy M; Rosenberg, Alexander; Rosenberg, Sarah H; 
     Rosenfeld, Jared H; Roskam, William C; Ross JR, Charles R; 
     Ross, Benjamin H; Ross, Halley; Ross, Priscilla A; Rosser, 
     Lauren W; Rotenberg, Marc S; Rothstein, Jeffrey D; Rothstein, 
     Joe; Rouille, John E.
       Rowe, Nancy J; Rowell, Anne L; Roy, Andra M; Ruane, Melissa 
     B; Rubel, Dave; Rubenstein, Andrew L; Rubin, Samuel S; 
     Rucker, Christopher A; Ruffo, Peter; Rugg, Molly M; Russell, 
     Brenda L; Russell, Jacqueline A; Ryan, Janice M; Ryan, 
     Michael J; Ryan, Parker S; Ryan, Stephen K; Ryan, Valerie A; 
     Ryen, Rebecca M; Saadi, Joyce C.
       Sadoski, Nicholas A; Safdie, Laura A; Samuelson, Betsy R; 
     Sando, Sophie I; Sands, Jeffrey R; Saperstein, Craig J; 
     Sapirstein, Sarah; Sarcone, Christine M; Sargent, Brenda C; 
     Saries, Gretchen M; Sarle, Robert Edmund; Sarri, Kristen J; 
     Sathe, Smrthi M; Saunders, Bernice C; Saunders, Chris; 
     Saurman, Ann H; Saward, Elizabeth; Saxe, Elizabeth; 
     Schadinger, Sonia.
       Schenck, Jennifer A; Scherr, David A; Schiffmann, Jean E; 
     Schmaler, Tracy A; Schmalz, Peter N; Schmidek, Robyn E; 
     Schmidt, Frederick E; Schmidt, Rebecca M; Schneider, Brandon 
     C; Schoenfelder, Catherine A; Schroeder, Theodore; Schulte, 
     Melissa L; Schurman, Linda S; Schwertner, Deborah D; Scott, 
     Mary Ann; Scully, Colleen M; Seager, Matthew G; Sedillo, 
     Anthony C; Sefert, Wendy K; Segal, Carly S; Seger, Julia J.
       Seibert, Kirsten A; Seideman, Daniel J; Seligman, Erin M; 
     Seman, Amelia Rose; Semmel, Andrew K; Sena, Janet L; 
     Sessions, Benjamin P; Sessions, Myra W; Shaffer, Rachel; 
     Shapiro, Walter E; Sharp, Frederick P; Sharp, Kristin T; 
     Sheahan, Patrick G; Sheinkman, Joshua L; Shelton, Todd D; 
     Sher, Julia B; Sher, Michael S; Sheridan, Blaise M; Shifrin, 
     Jon S; Shiman, B Gail.
       Shinn, Shannon Lee; Shipman, Wanda R; Shipp, Doris E; 
     Shore, John E; Shyaka, Simon Pierre; Sieber, Mariah S; 
     Siegars, Mark; Silverman, Jodie L; Singiser, Dana E; 
     Singleton, Jessica E; Sirotkin, Jacob H; Skea, Andrew Duncan; 
     Slack, Emily; Slaiman, Charlotte S; Slayton, Elizabeth; 
     Sloan, Douglass; Sloss, Michelle M; Smith, Allison E; Smith, 
     Althea O; Smith, Ariel T.
       Smith, Charles; Smith, Jacqueline R; Smith, Juliet H; 
     Smith, Lashawnda M; Smith, Matthew R; Smith, Patricia M;

[[Page S7798]]

     Smith, Suzanne E; Smith, Thomas; Snow, Eric P; Snowdon, Jill 
     A; Soderborg, Laurel; Sojourner, Lily M; Solomon, Zivah J; 
     Solsaa, Greta Rose; Soltis, Elizabeth M; Somaini-Dayer, 
     Pearl; Spalding, Christian T; Spangler, Claire M; Spears, 
     Pamela Mcafee; Speno, Lisa.
       Spiridakis, Nicole S; Squires, Cindy L; St Arnauld, Lydia 
     M; St George, Laura M; St. John, Rebecca C; Stackpole, Kerin 
     E; Stannard, Mary B; Stanton, Elizabeth S; Stearns, Dylan J; 
     Stebbins, David M; Steele, Alexander D; Steffens, Donald C; 
     Stein, Alesia Kaye; Stein, Elizabeth M; Stein, Emma Muir; 
     Steiner, Maximilian Winter; Stek, Charles A; Stephany, David; 
     Stewart, Douglas L.
       Stitzel, Elizabeth; Stoll, Tina; Stout, Helen M; Strauss, 
     Ari J; Strom, Shayna L; Strzelec, Scott; Studer, Paul; Sturm, 
     Robert E; Suarez, Audrey K; Sudbay, William L; Sullivan, 
     Marcia Z; Sullivan, Mary M; Sullivan, Ted D; Sun, Jessica L; 
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     R.
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     Isabelle M; Thanassi, Cara L; Thies, Gregory A; Thomas, 
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     Kathleen N; Till, Brian M; Tilton, John A; Tofferi, Jenna L.
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     Towne, Jeffrey P; Tracy, John P; Traficant, Kathleen G; 
     Trainor, Laura A; Trezise, Patrick B; Trocchio, Clinton A; 
     Trombley, Andrea L; Tuchmann, E Thomas; Turner II, Derrick; 
     Turner, Lauren A; Tutt, William D; Ulin, Maxwell E.P.; Ulven, 
     Mark; Urie, Esther J; Vachon, Brian P; Vachon, Mary J; 
     Valdivieso, Juan P; Valente, Thomas S; Valentine, Rebekah A; 
     Valsangiacomo, Jon; Van Breen, Annelies C M; Van Heuven, 
     Catherine M; Van Horne, William K; Van Oot, Jeffrey P; Van 
     Oot, Peter D; Van Susteren, Emma C; Vance, Charles H P; 
     Vanka, Sarita; Vanlandingham, Andrew Ray; VanSickle, Allie 
     Lyn; Vaughan III, Woodrow W; Vaughn, Ann S; Venkataramanan, 
     Rajiv; Vermilye, Andrew; Vincent, Miriam E; Violette, Carol 
     A.
       Virkstis, Richard M; Vitzthum, Lynne M; Voight, David K; 
     Vojtisek, John-Paul G; Volin, Natalie P; Vrooman, Bruce M; 
     Wachtel, William B; Wagner, David E; Wagner, Lynnett M; 
     Walsh, Brady A; Walsh, Juliet C; Walsh, Martin; Waples, Lane 
     S; Warren-Shriner, Lindsey C; Watson, Katherine E; Wear, 
     Terrance J; Weatherly, Keith H; Webber JR, Daniel G; Weber, 
     Rebekah S; Weinberger, Miro L; Weinstein, Anna K; Welch, 
     Victoria M; Wells, Steven J; Werbel-Sanborn, Samuel A; 
     Werner, David L; Westhoff, Patrick; Weston, Isabella LP; 
     Wheeler, Kevin R; Wheeler, Patrick S; Wheeler, Thomas E; 
     Whitcomb, James T; White JR, Duboise; White, Kamela G; 
     Whitlock, Sylvia G; Whitney, Margaret; Wiles II, Harry G; 
     Wiles, Margaret P; Wilhelm, Bradley K; Wilich, Haley; 
     Wilkins, Dana L; Williams II, Edward H; Williams, Emily S; 
     Williams, Genna; Williams, Kathleen A; Willis, Madeline G; 
     Wilson, Benjamin L; Wilson, Jennifer E; Wilson, Scott B; 
     Windauer, Daniel K; Wingate, Meghan H; Winski, John B; Wise, 
     Robert E; Wisehart, Gretchen S; Witting, William N; Wolf, 
     Carole L; Wolf, Julie L; Womble, Matt R; Woodfield, Mila A.
       Woodfin, Jane D; Woodside, Meredith G; Woolwine, Jason T; 
     Wright, David P; Wright, Lauren E; Yadav, Anuradha; 
     Yarbrough, Benjamin Allen; Yaworske, Jason A; Yerby , Erin D; 
     Yezerski, Adam M; Yoder, Lyle E; Young II, Robert E; Young, 
     Courtney B; Young, Grace; Young, Kelly M; Yozell, Sally; 
     Zablocki, Anna R; Zahn, Matthew V; Zamore, Leah; Zayas, David 
     M; Zimmer, Kurt F; Zimmerman, Melissa E; Ziolkowski, John J; 
     Ziter, Rhonda M; Zuri, Sharman A; Zvarova, Zuzana.

  The PRESIDING OFFICER. Leader Schumer.
  Mr. SCHUMER. Well, it is never easy to bid farewell to a retiring 
colleague, but, boy, this one is hard. It is even harder to bid 
farewell to a friend; and everyone is Pat's friend. But today, we say 
thank you not to just a colleague and not just a dear friend, but to an 
institution all his own.
  Pat, we are here to say we honor you. We are here to say we will miss 
you. Most of all, we are here to say we are happy for you on your well-
earned retirement.
  We all just heard Pat speaking so eloquently, so beautifully from the 
heart, from his good soul. And it took a lot of strength for all of us 
to keep this together. I saw lots of misty eyes in different parts of 
his speech--lots of misty eyes.
  It is the conclusion of an era here in the Senate. We will call this 
the Leahy era for all you have done. It is an era that began in the 
aftermath of Watergate and now concludes nearly 50 years and 8 terms 
later, a legacy that includes so much--Appropriations chair, Judiciary 
chair, President pro tempore. And to be sure, he is finishing his 
tenure precisely the way we all expect him to, by being up at 1:30 a.m. 
this morning--it kept getting later--to file the omnibus.
  If you looked up the word ``Senator'' in the dictionary, you wouldn't 
be crazy to expect a picture of Pat included alongside that word. His 
name is synonymous with everything good, dignified, and admirable in 
the upper Chamber. Pat learned so much in the years he has been here, 
and Pat was everything.
  One accomplishment that he mentioned that just shows the mettle of 
the man was the work he did on land mines, anti-personnel land minds. 
He did an amazing job. There are thousands and thousands of people 
across the world--children, old people, and everyone in between--who 
are not maimed, who are alive because of his persistence, his 
dedication. It took all of his skills, his knowledge of policy, his 
bipartisan chops, eloquence on the floor, his stubborn relentlessness, 
and most of all, his sense of duty to the people of world. He so aptly 
concluded with the picture we have all seen in his office over his 
desk.
  Of course, Pat will be the first to shun these accomplishments as his 
alone. After all, he is just one half of the equation. The other half, 
of course, is Marcelle, an amazing, amazing person. And we love you, 
Marcelle. We love you.
  (Applause.)
  So, folks, it is the end of an era. Pat has done an amazing job in so 
many different ways. He could have sat here all day and all night if he 
were to delineate everything he has done for us and the American 
people.
  Folks, in closing, let me return to a serious thought on duty from a 
source I suspect is near and dear to Pat's heart, the great poet Robert 
Frost. For those unfamiliar, the title of Pat's new memoir, ``The Road 
Taken,'' which everyone should read, is a play on Frost's famous poem 
``The Road Not Taken.'' Like Pat, Frost lived in Vermont, at least for 
much of his life. He was a great lover of nature, a bold voice for a 
generation confounded by war, depression, and disruptions of modernity.
  But there is another Frost poem I want to cite today, ``Stopping by 
Woods on a Snowy Evening.'' It is about a man torn between his sense of 
duty to get home to his family and stopping to bask in the beauty of 
the countryside:

       Whose woods these are I think I know.
       His house is in the village though;
       He will not see me stopping here
       To watch his woods fill up with snow.
       The woods are lovely, dark and deep,
       But I have promises to keep,
       And miles to go before I sleep,
       And miles to go before I sleep.

  Pat, you have walked the miles; you kept your promises; and when you 
get home to your beautiful tree farm up in northern Vermont, you have 
earned more than a few extra hours of sleep. But I have no doubt when 
you get up each morning, you will be going, striving, keeping on 
finding new ways to make Vermont a better place, just as you made the 
Senate a better place for all of us.
  Thank you, dear friend. We love you. We love you. We are going to 
miss you and Marcelle so very, very much.
  (Applause.)
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from Vermont.
  Mr. SANDERS. Mr. President, as the other Senator from our small State 
of 630,000 people, I want to thank Senator Leahy on behalf of all 
Vermonters and people throughout this country for his 48 years of 
service here in the U.S. Senate.
  On a personal note, obviously, Senator Leahy and I have worked 
together for many, many decades. He was very helpful to me when I was 
mayor of the city of Burlington. We worked together when I was a member 
of the House. Obviously, we worked together for Vermont since I have 
been in the Senate.
  And I think if you drive around our beautiful State--and we want you 
all to visit us, maybe not this weekend where there is a snowstorm but 
come in the spring--you will see many of the impacts Senator Leahy has 
had on our State, really from one end of the State to the other.
  But it is not only the impacts he has had on Vermont, it is the 
impacts he has had on the Nation and, in fact, as Senator Schumer said, 
on the entire world. As a U.S. Senator, Senator Leahy has been a great 
chairman of

[[Page S7799]]

the Committee on the Judiciary, dealing with some of the major issues 
that committee has dealt with over the decades. He has been a great 
chairman of the Agricultural Committee. And now, as we all know, he has 
done an outstanding job as chairman of the Appropriations Committee, 
along with Senator Shelby. In the middle of the night, I gather, they 
finally finished this omnibus bill, and we thank them very much for 
that.
  As I think we have heard, Senator Leahy is known internationally for 
his efforts to ban the export and the use of land mines. That, in fact, 
has saved the lives of God knows how many people and prevented the 
maiming of many, many more. We thank Senator Leahy for that.
  We thank him for the work that he has accomplished to end the use of 
these terrible weapons and also his creation of the Leahy War Victims 
Fund to get relief for those harmed by these terrible weapons. Beyond 
that, Senator Leahy, very importantly, worked to pass what has become 
known as the Leahy War, a human rights law to prohibit the U.S. from 
providing equipment and training for foreign military suspected of 
gross human rights violation. In that sense, he is standing up for the 
values of this country.
  His international accomplishments are impressive, but in Vermont, our 
constituents know Senator Leahy for the work he has done on the issues 
that are much closer to home, like his support for agriculture, dairy, 
and organics. In 1990, as chairman of the Senate Agricultural 
Committee, Senator Leahy championed the Organics Foods Production Act. 
At that time, as he indicated, organics was not understood to be what 
it is today. But Senator Leahy understood that farmers in Vermont and 
around this country deserve to have standards in place to ensure a fair 
playing field. As a result of that, the organics industry has exploded.
  Today, in our rural agricultural State of Vermont, its small farmers 
struggle to compete against corporate agriculture, organic production, 
and organic standards have helped many stay afloat to this day, in no 
small part thanks to Senator Leahy.
  Beyond organic agriculture, Vermont dairy producers have also 
benefited from Senator Leahy's efforts to enact a Northeast Interstate 
Dairy Compact and establish the Milk Income Loss compensation bargain. 
All of us from agricultural States know how important it is to maintain 
family-based agriculture, and Senator Leahy has certainly been a leader 
on that.
  Just as important as his work on agricultural issues for Vermont has 
been Senator Leahy's work supporting Vermont's rural landscape and our 
beautiful environment. Senator Leahy has fought to protect wildlife 
refuges across the United States, including the Missisquoi National 
Wildlife Refuge in Vermont, as well as national forest land, like Green 
Mountain National Forest.
  But perhaps the environmental work Senator Leahy is best known for in 
Vermont is his work as a champion of our beautiful Lake Champlain, 
which we consider one of the Great Lakes. Is that right, Senator Leahy?
  Through his work on the Appropriations Committee, Senator Leahy has 
secured funding for cleaning up and protecting Lake Champlain, as well 
as to study the lake to learn more about how to protect it for our kids 
and future generations.
  Throughout these last 48 years, Senator Leahy has had dozens of staff 
who have worked by his side, both in Vermont and in Washington, who 
have been dedicated to all of the many efforts he has championed. All 
of us who have served in the Senate know that we cannot do this work 
alone, and Senator Leahy's staff deserves the sincere thanks of all of 
us--including all Vermonters--for their hard work and dedication over 
these last many years.
  But as we have heard this morning, staff may come and go, but there 
has been one person by Senator Leahy's side every single day of his 48 
years of service to Vermont, and that is his wife Marcelle. And I have 
had the privilege of knowing Marcelle for many of those 48 years, and 
Jane and I wish Marcelle and Pat the very best on their retirement 
years.
  While much has been said today about Senator Leahy's time in the 
Senate, those words cannot be said without adding the important role 
that Marcelle has played in his life. This year, the Senator and 
Marcelle celebrated their 60th wedding anniversary, and I can tell you 
that, just as all Vermonters know the name Pat Leahy, they also know 
Marcelle.
  And if there is such a thing as being ``First Lady of Vermont,'' 
Marcelle, that is you. So thank you very much for all you have done for 
our State.
  So with that, let me once again thank Senator Leahy so much for his 
years of service to Vermont and the country. We wish him and Marcelle 
the very best in the future.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. Lujan). The Senator from Alabama.
  Mr. SHELBY. Mr. President, I, along with many others, want to thank 
Senator Pat Leahy for a remarkable 48 years of service here in the 
Senate. As chairman of the Appropriations, Judiciary, and Agriculture 
Committees and President pro tempore of the Senate, I believe it is 
more than fair to say that Pat has had a profound impact on this 
institution.
  First elected to the Senate in 1974, Senator Leahy has served Vermont 
for eight terms and ranks first in seniority, as we know, in the U.S. 
Senate. There are not many people in history whom you can say that 
about, as it requires a great deal of hard work, patience, and 
commitment.
  Before coming to Washington, Senator Leahy served for 8 years as the 
State's attorney in Vermont. In 1974, he was elected as one of three 
outstanding prosecutors in the United States. Clearly, his degree from 
Georgetown Law School has served him well over the years.
  Senator Leahy has dutifully served on the Committee on Appropriations 
for more than 40 years, and I have had the honor of serving alongside 
him for 28 years. We have gone back and forth as chairman and vice 
chairman in recent years, and while it is never easy to relinquish the 
title of chairman, I would not wish to do so with anyone other than Pat 
Leahy.
  I am deeply proud of all that Senator Leahy and I have been able to 
accomplish together on the Appropriations Committee. Just last night, 
as all of you know, we reached an agreement and filed the 2023 Omnibus 
appropriations package, containing all 12 appropriations measures. This 
would not have been possible had Senator Leahy not been at the table.
  Pat has several passions outside of the Senate, as a lot of you 
probably know. He is an accomplished photographer and an avid family 
man. He also has a deep appreciation for the ``Batman'' movies, even 
garnering a few cameos on the big screen, as we know.
  Everything Senator Leahy does, in my judgment, he does well. The 
State of Vermont has benefited from his service in the Senate, and so 
has the Nation.
  By no means do we agree on everything, but we respect each other and 
our constitutional duty a great deal.
  The Senate will not be the same without you, Pat--without your 
leadership, effectiveness, and kindness.
  And I will miss working together with him for the betterment of the 
country.
  I want to thank, again, Senator Leahy for his many contributions to 
this body, as well as his wonderful wife Marcelle. They have built an 
incredible life together, and they are pillars in our Senate community. 
My wife Annette and I have enjoyed their friendship over the years. We 
wish them every happiness in their next chapter. They have certainly 
earned their retirement.
  I yield the floor.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from Michigan.
  Ms. STABENOW. Mr. President, I rise today to honor, as all of my 
colleagues do, someone whom I have had the good fortune to work with my 
entire time in the U.S. Senate, 22 years. It is hard for me to believe 
that.
  But Senator Pat Leahy really is more than a friend. He really is more 
than a leader. As my colleagues have said, he is an institution, and it 
is really hard to picture the U.S. Senate without him.
  I was thinking that maybe the only time that we have disagreed was 
when he wanted to name Lake Champlain a Great Lake. It may be a big 
lake. It may be a beautiful lake. It is not a Great Lake.

[[Page S7800]]

  Senator Leahy has literally made our Nation and our world a freer and 
fairer place. Through his leadership on the Judiciary Committee, 
Senator Leahy has fought, as we know, for a fair criminal justice 
system and greater civil rights protections. One example is his 
tireless work that he spoke about to restore the landmark Voting Rights 
Act after the horrific Shelby County decision in 2013.
  And he hasn't limited his fight for justice to the United States. Pat 
Leahy is a champion for human rights around the world, and I have had 
the great fortune to travel with him and see this up close.
  Some of my fondest memories of Senator Leahy and Marcelle were when 
we traveled to Cuba in 2013 and then again in 2015. What an adventure 
that was. We met with Cuban officials to discuss opportunities for 
greater cooperation and reformers and activists who bravely pushed back 
against the Castro regime.
  And in 2019, Senator Leahy led a large congressional delegation--a 
bipartisan delegation--to South Korea and Vietnam. It was so incredibly 
moving to see the people of Vietnam honor my friend for his long legacy 
of leadership on landmines and the effort to clean up areas 
contaminated with dioxin during the Vietnam war.
  They actually have a plaque. There was this huge ceremony, literally 
rolling out the red carpet on the military base where they were 
announcing their efforts on cleanup. A plaque was set up primarily for 
Senator Leahy, but all of us on the trip had the good fortune of having 
our names on it with him as well. But the reverence shown for Senator 
Leahy was really inspiring.
  Senator Leahy is also a legend on the Agriculture Committee, as 
everyone has said. He was chairman and ranking member of the committee. 
His work was guided by the same bipartisan principles that guide 
Senator Boozman and me today. We have learned from his leadership and 
his being a role model to us.
  He is the father of the organic farm bill created over 30 years ago, 
which now has created a $60 billion industry--$60 billion industry.
  He has been a leader on conservation initiatives.
  He is the author of the Farm to School Program, which has been an 
overwhelming success, showing children that, actually, food doesn't 
come from the grocery store--you actually plant it and harvest it and 
grow it--and creating so much excitement for children in school.
  And anyone familiar with dairy policy knows that our Nation's family 
dairy farms have had no greater champion than Senator Leahy.
  And, of course, you can't talk about Senator Leahy without mentioning 
his love of everything Batman. I understand he started reading Batman 
comics as a young boy and grew up to voice a character in an animated 
series and appear in five Batman movies.
  He looked like he was having so much fun that I decided to join him 
in the last one, which was filmed in Michigan, and I might say his 
character got blown up; mine didn't.
  Pat, we are going to miss you so much, so much. I hope you enjoy many 
wonderful days and years ahead with Marcelle and your grandkids and 
your camera.
  Thank you for a job well done. You have made Vermont, our country, 
and our world a better place.
  I yield the floor.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from Maine.
  Ms. COLLINS. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that the 
following Senators be permitted to complete their remarks prior to the 
scheduled vote: Senator Collins, Senator Reed, Senator Cardin, and 
Senator Coons.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without objection, it is so ordered.
  Ms. COLLINS. Mr. President, I rise to pay tribute to a fellow New 
Englander and a truly extraordinary Senator, our friend Patrick Leahy.
  In his memoir, Senator Leahy said that one word came to him time and 
again as he prepared to announce his retirement. That word is 
``conscience.'' The Senate, at its best, he wrote, has been the 
Nation's conscience--a place where Members keep their word and work 
together for the good of our country.
  We heard him expound on that today when he talked about the currency 
of the Senate being trust.
  He went on to say: It has been a place where the minority has not 
just had a seat at the table but a voice as well. It has been a place 
where leaders join together across party lines to protect and 
strengthen our precious democracy.
  For 48 years, Patrick Leahy has been such a leader. As we celebrate 
the fact that he is the longest serving current Senator and the longest 
serving in Vermont's history, we know that this remarkable longevity is 
a consequence of his character.
  It has been such a pleasure to learn from Patrick Leahy during many 
years and to work with him. The legislation that we introduced in 2013 
to end straw purchasing and the illegal trafficking of firearms was 
incorporated into the Bipartisan Safer Communities Act that was signed 
into law this year.
  We have worked together to better protect runaway and homeless youth 
with legislation to help thousands of homeless young people nationwide.
  We stood together at the signing ceremony for the reauthorization of 
the Violence Against Women Act.
  My fellow New Englander has been a champion for the Northern Border 
Regional Commission, which supports job creation and economic growth in 
the rural areas of the Northeast.
  As the former chairman and current member of the Senate Agriculture 
Committee, Pat has been such an effective advocate for our family 
farms. I have had the pleasure of working with Senator Leahy on many 
agricultural issues, including support for our dairy industries and 
vital nutrition programs.
  And while Vermont and Maine may disagree on which State produces the 
best maple syrup, Pat has worked hard to protect an industry that is 
part of our region's heritage.
  Above all, as we have heard today, Pat has been a stalwart champion 
of human rights. He has said that the accomplishment of which he is 
most proud is the Leahy Law of 1997 that works to prevent egregious 
human rights violations by American allies.
  His determination, which we also heard about today, to end the 
deployment of antipersonnel landmines around the world has saved 
innocent lives.
  Patrick has many talents, and he is endlessly curious. Many of us 
have been the beneficiaries of his wonderful photographs, but this 
story shows that that curiosity started at a very early age. After all, 
who else but a 6-year-old Pat Leahy would have pedaled his tricycle 
into the Vermont Governor's office simply because the door was open and 
he had to see what was inside? As a photographer, he is both an artist 
and a chronicler of history and, as has also been mentioned, his 
recurring role in Batman movies suggests that this former State 
prosecutor has a bit of ``The Dark Knight'' within him.

  In his memoir, and again this morning, Pat laments that the Senate 
too often has descended into hyperpartisanship and political advantage. 
But he has faith, as we were inspired by his remarks today, that the 
Senate can once again be what it once was. He writes: ``Because it is 
the people, not the rules, who give the Senate its conscience.''
  The title of Pat's memoir, ``The Road Taken,'' is a twist on the 
famous poem by Robert Frost, Vermont's poet laureate. Pat, you have 
taken the road less traveled by, and it truly has made all the 
difference, not just for your beloved Vermont but for our Nation. It 
has been such an honor and privilege to serve with you and to learn 
from you, and I wish you and your wonderful wife Marcelle all the best 
in the years to come.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from Rhode Island.
  Mr. REED. Well, Mr. President, let me start with the obvious. I have 
always looked up to Pat Leahy.
  (Laughter.)
  But we all know and we have all heard what an extraordinary 
legislator and public servant he has been for 48 years. But the most 
impressive and the most enduring aspect of Pat Leahy is that he is a 
gentleman of decency and dignity and selfless dedication to this 
Nation, and in doing that he has inspired and sustained all of us who 
have known him and who have had that privilege.
  His legislation has been extraordinary. He has filled every moment of

[[Page S7801]]

his service dedicated to helping the American people, helping those who 
need a chance, and helping particularly the people of Vermont and 
globally, reaching out to project from this country our best values and 
to transform those values into action across the globe.
  He helped lead the effort to create and fund the Bulletproof Vest 
Partnership Grant Act, which now bears his name, allowing police 
departments to purchase over 1.5 million bulletproof vests and saving 
thousands of lives over the last two decades.
  He authored the Innocence Protection Act, which ensures that law 
enforcement officials have the DNA testing tools to find and convict 
criminals, while improving access to DNA testing for the wrongly 
convicted. At the heart of what he has done and what he does every day 
is justice.
  He has been a champion for the Second Chance Act, which helps 
individuals returning from incarceration to transition successfully 
into society.
  As chairman of the Judiciary Committee, he shepherded the critical 
reauthorization for the Violence Against Women Reauthorization Act.
  As Pat commented, when he arrived here there were no women in the 
Senate. There are now, fortunately, many of our colleagues who are 
women, but there is one gentleman who understood what this country had 
to do to ensure that women receive all the rights and opportunities 
that they deserve.
  As chairman of the Agriculture Committee, he helped New England 
agriculture significantly, promoting small local farms and organic 
crops. He championed important agriculture conservation programs, 
including the Forest Legacy Program.
  And in his own backyard, as many have said, he has done more to 
protect Lake Champlain than Champlain.
  He is an extraordinary gentleman.
  He has translated his local values, his concern for average people, 
and his innate sense of justice, as I mentioned before, to the 
international arena. He has worked across the world to safeguard human 
rights and human dignity. He fought to enact the Leahy Law, which 
requires the United States to withhold assistance to agencies of 
foreign governments that violate the human rights of their own people.
  He has worked to repair the damage of the Vietnam war, the hazardous 
legacy of Agent Orange and landmines. Indeed, he has worked tirelessly 
to ban the use, stockpiling, and production of antipersonnel landmines 
around the world and worked to support demining operations in former 
war zones.
  He has also been at the center in efforts to improve relations with 
Cuba. As a new Senator in 1990, it was my privilege to travel with 
Senator Leahy as one of the first trips in an effort to engage that 
nation. Of course, I acted as translator, and we had an extremely 
successful trip, I must add.
  Now as the top Democrat on the Senate Appropriations Committee, 
Chairman Leahy led the efforts to get us out of the Budget Control Act 
and back on a path of much more astute and smarter investment for the 
Nation in the future. He fought to put back into Congress the power of 
the earmark, with the sense that individual Senators and Members of 
Congress know just as well--in fact, better--the needs of their 
district or State than a Washington administrator.
  Well, let me conclude with the obvious too. Pat Leahy is OK, but 
Marcelle is great.
  (Laughter.)
  There has never been a more remarkable combination of friendship and 
love and commitment, which is manifested every time we see them and 
that, too, inspires us all.
  So we will miss you, Pat and Marcelle, but you have left us with so 
much, and you have given us so much that we will carry on for you. 
Thank you.
  I yield the floor.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from Maryland.
  Mr. CARDIN. Mr. President, when I left home this morning, I told 
Myrna I was going to be speaking in regards to Patrick's speech on the 
floor. She wanted to make sure that I expressed our deep love and 
appreciation to Marcelle and to you, Patrick, for your friendship and 
for your genuine concern.
  You call this the Senate family, and I can tell you that, for the 
Cardin family, the Leahy family is part of our family. And your deep 
concern about our challenges really helped us get through some very 
difficult moments.
  So, first, I just want to express my appreciation to the Leahys for 
what they have meant to the Cardins.
  It was 16 years ago when I came to the U.S. Senate. I knew Patrick 
Leahy from my service in the House. I knew he was an incredible leader 
on the Judiciary Committee, and I asked the then-majority leader, Reid, 
whether I could serve on the Judiciary Committee because of Patrick 
Leahy's leadership. What I didn't expect was a chairman embracing a 
first-year member of the committee with responsibility and resources to 
make a difference.
  He brought every member of the Judiciary Committee into the process. 
He gave us an opportunity to be Senators, and my first year was so 
rewarding because of Senator Leahy's confidence in each of us 
contributing and giving us the resources to do that.
  I have sought Senator Leahy's advice over my 16 years in the Senate 
with him, and our friendship has grown stronger each year.
  Senator Leahy is special for many reasons. Yes, the longevity--48 
years is an incredible record to serve in this crazy place and to put 
up with this schedule and to put up with all we have to. But it is what 
Senator Leahy has done over those 48 years that makes him so special to 
all of us. His love and respect for our democratic institutions, his 
love and respect of the U.S. Senate, are the hallmarks of his service. 
You have heard him speak about that today on the floor of the U.S. 
Senate. He has encouraged us to stick by our convictions and debate the 
issues, and, yes, disagree with each other, but to do it in a collegial 
way. At the end of the day, we have results to reflect the work that we 
are doing. That is the Patrick Leahy legacy for our democracy in the 
U.S. Senate.
  On his values, we talked a great deal about that. You know a person 
by his values. I know what he has meant with regard to his 
international crusade for human rights. We have talked about the Leahy 
Law frequently, but the Leahy Law is incredibly important for America's 
foreign policy and to be embraced in our values. The Leahy Law, I have 
seen it work firsthand in protecting the rights of individuals, and the 
landmine legislation that have we talked about frequently, which has 
been the model to the world.
  And, yes, I also had a chance to travel with Senator Leahy to Cuba. 
It is amazing to be in Cuba with him because he embraces America's 
values as making a difference by engagement, which is what Senator 
Leahy believes in.
  And, yes, the one thing that he said, which is not exactly accurate, 
is that he treats all States equally. I don't think any of us will ever 
believe that. What he has done for Vermont is incredible, and we all 
respect that, because there are so many things Senator Leahy has done 
for the economy, but what he has done for the environment in Vermont is 
really a model for the entire country.
  Yes, Lake Champlain is a great lake. The Chesapeake Bay is great 
water body. And we have patterned many of your efforts that we do in 
our region, and the people of Vermont and America are better off as a 
result of your environmental championship.
  Senator Leahy has used every opportunity, whether it is recently as 
chairman of the Appropriations Committee or the President pro tempore 
of this distinguished Body or chairman of the Judiciary Committee or 
chairman of the Agriculture Committee or chairman of the Appropriations 
subcommittee dealing with foreign policy. He has used every one of 
those opportunities to advance the right values.
  He is also a naturalist, we have heard, and he used that to express 
emotion. He is a photographer. I say that because a photographer 
doesn't just take pictures. A photographer looks at people and places 
and captures emotion. And you see in Senator Leahy's photography the 
hope for our future, his vision that we can do better in all 
communities around the world.
  He has strengthened, by his service in this great Body, the U.S. 
Senate. He leaves us with a great legacy. He has a great love for this 
U.S. Senate. He has a great love for the State of Vermont.

[[Page S7802]]

And his life partner Marcelle--that incredible relationship has 
strengthened not only the two of you but all of us.
  You might not be surprised to learn that Patrick talks frequently 
about his family--all of his family--because he finds strength in his 
family and that strength is shown here in the U.S. Senate.
  So we say not only thank you, Patrick, for what you have done, but 
your public service will be a model that you have established that will 
guide us for generations to come. Job well done. Thank you for your 
service to our Nation.
  I yield the floor.
  Mr. DURBIN. Mr. President, we are witnessing the end of an era. After 
nearly five decades of principled service to his beloved State of 
Vermont, to our Nation, and to the cause of peace and justice 
throughout the world, Patrick J. Leahy is leaving the U.S. Senate. His 
departure feels like a bit of a personal loss for me. As long as I have 
served on the Senate Judiciary Committee, Senator Leahy has been there. 
He joined that committee in January 1979. And for more than two decades 
of his tenure on the committee, he served as the chair or ranking 
member.
  He has been a champion of the right to vote, of civil liberties, of 
freedom of information, of intellectual property, and of upholding and 
defending the Constitution. He chaired the historic confirmation 
hearings of the first Black Attorney General, Eric Holder, as well as 
the confirmation hearings of Justices Elena Kagan and Sonia Sotomayor, 
the first Latina Justice. He also presided over the historic markup of 
bipartisan comprehensive immigration legislation in 2013, and I want to 
assure Senator Leahy that I will continue pushing to reform our broken 
immigration system. During his service on the Judiciary Committee, 
Senator Leahy has been a voice of calm and reason when tempers have 
flared. And he has been a mentor to Members, including me, and to the 
many staffers who have served him over the years. Just as you can never 
know a person's life until you walk a mile in their shoes, you can't 
know the patience and skills it takes to chair an important Senate 
committee like the Judiciary Committee until you bang that gavel. Thank 
goodness, I had Senator Leahy as a teacher and example.
  He was elected to the U.S. Senate in 1974--part of that big new class 
of Senators known as the ``Watergate Babies.'' They came to Washington 
to try to restore people's faith in government and in America itself. 
Today, Pat Leahy is the last ``Watergate Baby'' still serving in 
Congress. It seems fitting that his very first vote in this Senate was 
to authorize the Church Committee, the precursor to today's Senate 
Select Committee on Intelligence. The Church Committee was created to 
investigate possible abuses of power and illegalities by the CIA, the 
FBI, and the National Security Agency--and it resulted in major 
reforms. In the decades since, Patrick Leahy has never shied away from 
the hard votes. He has voted time and again to uphold the values of our 
Constitution, even when doing so contained political risk. I have the 
greatest respect for his fidelity to the rule of law and his determined 
efforts to safeguard the independence and integrity of America's 
Federal judiciary. I was informed recently that Senator Leahy has been 
in the Senate for the confirmation of every single article III judge 
serving in active status across the Nation. That is an incredible 
statistic. He is a statesman and a humanitarian whose commitment to 
human rights--at home and abroad--is revered throughout the world.
  I am particularly grateful for his longstanding commitment to funding 
the Paul Simon Water for the Poor and Water for the World Acts, the 
latter of which I authored and named for my closest friend in politics, 
the man whose seat I now hold. These two bills and the ensuing critical 
funding have spurred a historic American effort to bring greater 
health, dignity, economic opportunity, and access to school--especially 
for girls--by providing approximately 57 million of the world's poor 
with either improved or first time access to clean water and more than 
38 million with sanitation services over the last 11 years.
  Pat Leahy has gone from ``Watergate Baby,'' to senior statesman, to 
President pro tempore of the Senate--third in line to the Presidency. 
He has helped shape some of our Nation's most important laws for two 
generations. He is a champion of human rights and the rule of law, at 
home and abroad. And yet, somehow, he has never lost his sense of awe 
about our democracy. You can see that in the way he still carries his 
old, 35-millimeter camera to record historic moments.
  The great photographer Annie Leibovitz said that if her photos have a 
hallmark, it is ``that I was not afraid to fall in love with these 
people.'' The hallmark of Pat Leahy's service to America is also love--
love for our Constitution, love for fairness and decency, and love of 
people, especially those who are so often overlooked.
  Last but not least, Patrick's life has been shaped and enriched by 
his love for his wife Marcelle and their family. My wife Loretta and I 
wish Patrick and Marcelle may more years of happiness together. May 
they be filled with good health and good purpose. And don't forget to 
send us a few photos every once in a while.
  Ms. KLOBUCHAR. Mr. President, I rise to celebrate the incredible 
legacy of Senator Patrick Leahy of Vermont.
  In his eight terms in the U.S. Senate, he racked up some incredible 
accomplishments. He established himself as Congress' most prolific 
photographer. He appeared in more Batman films than any of our other 
colleagues. And on one amusing occasion, he became the only politician 
to ever get a call from the President of the United States while on 
stage at a Grateful Dead concert.
  But when Senator Leahy wasn't on screen or onstage, he could always 
be found working behind the scenes, standing up for Vermonters. You 
can't drive around Vermont without seeing Senator Leahy's impact. I 
mean that literally. There is the ECHO Leahy Center for Lake Champlain, 
The Leahy Center for Digital Forensics and Cybersecurity, Leahy Way, 
Leahy Road, the other Leahy Road--just to name a few.
  Those examples represent just a small fraction of what he has done 
for Vermont. He has gotten critical Federal investments in the iconic 
Lake Champlain. He successfully fought for resources to help Vermonters 
rebuild and restore their lives after Hurricane Irene. He got funding 
to revitalize downtowns, fund opioid treatment programs, support dairy 
farmers, and add more than 140,000 acres to the Green Mountain National 
Forest. Senator Leahy made it his priority to give Vermont a seat at 
the table, and that is just what he did.
  And on the national stage, he was always looking out for people, even 
and especially in the face of heartbreaking circumstances. He stood up 
for Alan Gross, the U.S. citizen who spent years withering away in a 
Cuban prison cell surrounded by rats and roaches. Senator Leahy played 
a key role in getting him released and back home with his family.
  During his decades of service on the Senate Judiciary Committee, he 
championed funding for law enforcement and led the creation of the 
Patrick Leahy Bulletproof Vest Partnership to stop preventable 
tragedies. As a result, we have been able to provide more than 1.5 
million bulletproof vests for law enforcement. He also successfully 
spearheaded the reauthorization of the Violence Against Women Act in 
2013, providing crucial protections to countless women throughout the 
country.
  Senator Leahy has been a clear and consistent voice on human rights, 
especially on landmines. In 1989, he started a fund to get medical aid 
to landmine victims, and he later single-handedly got the first 
legislation in the world to stop the export of landmines through the 
U.S. Senate. He is an internationally recognized leader on this issue.
  In all his time in Washington, Senator Leahy never lost his sense of 
purpose or his fundamental belief in the power of our government to 
make life better for people. As a leader, that is what he has always 
done.
  Senator Leahy has a legacy that anyone would be proud of--and I am 
proud to call him a friend. I wish him and Marcelle all the best in 
this next chapter.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from Delaware.
  Mr. COONS. Mr. President, on behalf of some of the 400 Senators with 
whom Senator Leahy, Chairman Leahy, has

[[Page S7803]]

served, I just wanted to rise as one of the most junior to have served 
with him to express my gratitude for what he has done for so many of 
his colleagues as a mentor, a role model, and a friend.
  Annie and I are so grateful to you and Marcelle for the warm welcome 
you gave us when we first arrived a dozen years ago, and I will never 
forget our first encounter.
  Some know that when I was elected in 2010, I was nicknamed ``the 
accidental Senator'' because I had an opponent who had said something 
awkward on television about being a witch, and I won by a decisive 
margin, despite being initially viewed as a real, real long shot.
  So, when I had been here just a few weeks, I was summoned to the 
office of the chairman of the Judiciary Committee--the President pro 
tem. As I sat there, he had a fire burning in the fireplace of this 
majestic office.
  He thundered at me for a few minutes: I am thinking of an obscure 
county-elected official--someone no one thought could win, someone with 
none of the qualifications or experience for a U.S. Senator, someone 
99th in seniority. Who am I thinking about?
  I shrank back in my chair and said: Why--why, Mr. Chairman, clearly, 
you are thinking of me.
  He goes: No. Me.
  When I first got here as a 33-year-old former county prosecutor, 
everyone said I was an accidental Senator. Today, you call me chairman 
and President pro tem. Don't ever forget this moment and how it feels--
your awe of this place. In every election, promise me you will go find 
someone who is a long shot--an unexpected winner--and invest some time 
and effort in them.
  Then, to make the meeting more memorable, he handed me a generous 
check with which to hire staff counsel for my Judiciary subcommittee.
  Patrick, I will never forget that first encounter. It would be enough 
if that were the only time you had shown me generosity and kindness, 
but there are dozens and dozens more, like the codel that Annie and I 
joined you and Marcelle on when we went to Haiti, to Cuba, and to 
Colombia. We got to go to a mountaintop and see the remarkable Kogi 
people, who are pre-Colombian, and they witnessed to us about the 
impact of climate change in a moment I will never forget.
  You took me along with you to visit Alan Gross in a Cuban prison.
  You showed me what this place can do and what an American who is 
dedicated to leading with our values can accomplish.
  As your successor in chairing the State and Foreign Operations 
Subcommittee, I am passionate about continuing your work to ban 
landmines and to fund the victims of war; to ensure that our commitment 
to clean up the legacy we left behind in Vietnam is carried out; and to 
ensure the Leahy Law--one of the many things you have done that bears 
your name--is justifiably moved forward.
  In those first 6 months, you gave me a chance to do a field hearing 
in Delaware with you, as a new member of the Judiciary Committee. In 
some of these last weeks together, you have shown us, yet again, what 
it means to be committed to your State; to leave a legacy of decency, 
kindness, persistence, thoughtfulness; and to insist on a Senate where 
Senators keep their word.
  You have had an incredible staff who has been wonderful to work with. 
You have honored your family in your service, and you have inspired a 
younger generation of Senators to continue in the way that you have 
led.
  While I know I will never cast 17,000 votes, it is only my hope that, 
someday, many years from now, I can thunder at some very junior Senator 
and share with him the story of this most seasoned and most admirable 
President pro tem, my friend.
  Thank you, Patrick.
  Thank you, Marcelle.
  You are wonderful colleagues and friends.
  With that, I yield the floor.