[Congressional Record Volume 168, Number 194 (Wednesday, December 14, 2022)]
[Senate]
[Pages S7166-S7170]
From the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
Tribute to Richard Burr
Mr. THUNE. Madam President, it is hard to believe that my friend
Richard Burr is leaving Congress. He is someone I have known since my
days in the House of Representatives, and we have been friends from the
very beginning. So it is difficult to imagine serving in the Senate
here without him. We came to the Senate in the same year as well. Our
wives are very close friends, and we have had many wonderful times with
the Burrs.
In fact, I have enjoyed hosting Richard in South Dakota on a number
of occasions. Richard is an outdoors guy, as I am, and he fits right in
in my home State of South Dakota--perhaps except for the fact that he
is the only guy not wearing socks. Although I will say, I have found
occasions which have required him to get the socks out of his suitcase.
During one of our trips to South Dakota to hunt pheasants, we landed in
Sioux Falls. We got off the plane and it was 7 degrees and I noticed at
the next stop he had socks on. So there are limitations to his practice
of not wearing socks.
But anyway one of our favorite pastimes, of course, in South Dakota
is pheasant hunting, and I have had Richard out there a number of times
during pheasant season. He is a great shot, I will say.
He has a favorite place to eat. It is Al's Oasis in Chamberlain, SD,
which is known for, among many things, homemade pies.
I discovered when Kimberly and I visited Richard and Brooke in North
Carolina, he is also a great handyman. Apparently, he thinks his guests
should be as well, since he put me right to work on a new door that he
was installing. We hung a door at his house. I was the grunt labor. He
was the architect, the designer, and just said: Hold this and that sort
of thing. So that was my job. But I was well paid for my trouble
because Richard also, in addition to his assets and his attributes of
being a handyman, is also an excellent cook. Many of you probably
perhaps here don't know that. But one of the privileges that I have
enjoyed in visiting Richard is getting to enjoy his cooking, and he
really can make just about anything--breakfast, lunch, dinner. I am not
saying he ought to open a restaurant in his retirement, but if he did,
I would certainly be the first in line at the opening.
Richard has certainly left his mark on Washington. His car, a 1974
Volkswagen Thing, often parked outside the Russell Building with the
top down no matter the season and adorned with his colleagues' campaign
stickers, I think everybody knows is a fixture here on Capitol Hill.
Richard, who as well as being a handyman is a capable mechanic, could
often be found working under the Thing's hood to keep it running, which
has become a true labor of love, particularly here in the last few
years.
But I would say that in this Chamber, of course, Richard is best
known and really known for being an outstanding legislator. And I have
to say thank you as he did to his outstanding staff. I mean there isn't
anybody here who works here who doesn't know that the heavy lifting in
this place gets done by staff. And so we appreciate your many years of
service to him and making him such an effective and accomplished
legislator. He mentioned the Capitol staff, the Capitol Police, who are
here on a daily basis protecting us, just saying how much we appreciate
everything you have done.
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Richard has always been someone who knows how to get something done.
In addition to building a great team and staff around him, he knows how
to build coalitions. He knows how to get legislation across the finish
line, and that is evident in his record of accomplishment here in the
Senate. He talked a little bit about that. Promoting medical research
and innovation has been a passion of his; supporting veterans, changing
the way student loan interest rates are set to save families money;
working to ensure that childcare settings are safe and high quality;
establishing ABLE accounts for individuals with disabilities to help
better their lives, and the list goes on.
Long before COVID, Richard was working to prepare our Nation to
respond to the threat of a disaster or a pandemic; and since COVID, he
has worked to ensure that our Nation's future pandemic response
reflects the lessons that we have learned.
Of course, as he mentioned, his longtime work on the Intelligence
Committees of both the House and Senate and as chairman here of the
Senate Intelligence Committee, the number of hours I know he sat in
padded rooms in classified settings making sure that our country was
prepared, working with our intelligence community, as he mentioned, to
protect Americans from the threats that we face here at home and around
the world.
Richard has been a strong advocate for his home State of North
Carolina, particularly for veterans. He has worked to bring new VA
facilities to North Carolina to ensure that veterans and their families
who were exposed to contaminated water at Camp Lejeune receive VA
medical care.
I think all of us get into this life in the hope that we can one day
leave Congress knowing that we have done something to make life better
for our fellow Americans. Richard can leave Congress with that
assurance.
I am going to miss him. It is a privilege and a blessing that you are
able to serve with a friend for so long. I will miss our daily
interactions. But I know that in Congress or not, our friendship will
endure, and I look forward to seeing all that Richard is going to do in
his next chapter in life.
I want to thank, as he said, Brooke, his sons and daughters-in-law
and now grandkids for the many sacrifices that they have made through
the years. I think we all know that this doesn't work unless you have
got a partner, and Brooke has been a partner for all these 28 years to
Richard and a part of everything that he has been able to accomplish
here.
So I wish him and his family many more happy hours in the years ahead
and congratulate him on his retirement and on a farewell speech that I
think we all ought to take to heart.
I yield the floor.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from Virginia.
Mr. WARNER. Madam President, it is with a mixture of sorrow and pride
that I rise today to pay tribute to my good friend the senior Senator
from North Carolina.
I was thinking about the fact that Senator Blunt, who is sitting in
front of you, we were here for his farewell speech the other day, and
our good friend Rob Portman, who is behind you, we will be here for
his--we are losing a lot of great Members this Congress, and the folks
who are going to follow them will not replace them. They have got big
shoes to fill.
I mean, we are celebrating Richard's 18 years in the Senate and 10
years in the House--28 years of doing this stuff. Senator Burr and I
first got to know each other actually through a mutual friend early on
in my Senate career in kind of a strange set of circumstances. I had
become really good friends with Saxby Chambliss, and Saxby and Richard
were running buddies. I would run along with them sometimes.
And John Thune, as you know, Richard is a pretty open-minded guy. But
I got to acknowledge, and I shouldn't probably do this in front of
everyone, but I am not sure he initially took to me that well. Now, my
staff has occasionally called me slightly intense, and Richard has more
than a few times asked whether I was getting my daily meds to stay on
that equilibrium. So much for that.
But in contrast, Richard Burr is a low-key kind of guy. As Senator
Thune has already mentioned, and every Senator has made mention or
noticed or made fun of his lack of socks. We have seen the migration of
his Thing from outside the Russell Building to maybe its permanent
resting place now in the garage at Hart. I park next to it almost every
day, and I hope that you will leave it there in perpetuity.
But despite where we started off, with us being a little bit of an
odd couple, we have formed an enormously strong partnership, and for me
it was, more importantly, a strong friendship.
For 5 years, Richard preceded me as chairman of the Intelligence
Committee. He had been on the Intelligence Committee since he came to
Congress. I have learned so, so much from him, not only on the
substance, which is terribly important, but there are a whole series of
issues and extraordinarily important work where I never really got up
to speed because I trusted his judgment.
But really what he did is he set the tone for how the committee ought
to operate--a committee that frankly doesn't get as much attention as
most because so much of what we do is behind closed doors. The reason
why the Senate Intelligence Committee has stayed bipartisan, the reason
why it is so productive, the reason why we get year after year an
intelligence authorization bill out virtually unanimously--never more
than one or two votes against--has a lot to do with Richard Burr.
My friend whom he served with in the House, the dean of the Virginia
delegation, Congressman Bobby Scott, has often referred to, around
Virginia, that the Senate Intelligence Committee is an ``oasis of
dignity.'' I think that is a pretty darn good description. And that
dignity would not have come about without Richard Burr's leadership.
He has made mention of his staff. I want to echo that, particularly
those folks I have had the opportunity to work with on the Intelligence
Committee staff. This does not have to be the case. This is not always
the model, and I won't make more than a passing reference to HIPSCI in
that comparison. If you don't have--you have to have not only Members
agreeing, you have to have staff agreeing, and sometimes staff come
with their notion that we have got to start with conflict. That was
never the way that Richard chaired the committee. He knew my staff as
well as he knew his own. Nowhere was that more evident than when he
took on one of the greatest challenges and one where we kind of got
battle-hardened together on the Russia investigation. And one of the
things I know he had pride in and I had pride in, there were an awful
lot of folks who had to be interviewed. And without exception, folks
who interviewed didn't know whether the interviewees were Republicans
or Democrats. It was that kind of professionalism and the notion that
we were going to follow the truth, and I think that work product will
clearly stand the test of time.
The other thing that I think Richard taught me, and this was
something that he has been just relentless about, is to recognize the
courage and the patriotism of the men and women who work in the
intelligence community. They are never going to get the recognition.
Public officials get the recognition but not the men and women who
serve in our military. But no matter where you travel with Senator
Burr, there were generally two things that you could guarantee would
take place. One is that at some moment during the trip he would find a
way to get a couple hours at wherever the local bazaar was and go buy
stuff until Brooke finally said: No more rugs ever again.
But what was equally important that he taught me, and he taught all
of us on the committee who has come in after, is that when you are out
in the field, you make sure you go see the station and not just the
station chief but make sure you see all the members of the station and
personally meet them and thank them. And in every hearing that we have
had--and I have tried to continue this tradition--and we may not get
along and we may not agree with the briefers--but at the end of that
hearing, no matter how tough it may have been, he thanks the briefers,
he thanks the folks who are in the back row, oftentimes not getting to
the
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front table, and he makes sure to say: Go back and tell the men and
women you work with back at headquarters, back at station, how much we
respect you and will have your back. He has shared with me a little bit
in these last few weeks the kind of outpouring of support that he has
had from intelligence community members both here and around the world,
and we are going to have him back in January with the leadership in the
intelligence community to celebrate that again.
The other thing that is a little unusual about Senator Burr--and I
will say this for a few of our friends in the press--is that most of us
actually like to talk to the press--or at least do it. This has never
been high on Senator Burr's list. I have never seen anybody manage with
complete politeness to give more nonanswers to the questions in the
hallway as the press pool follows after him on so many occasions, but
it is because it is all about the work.
Others have mentioned and he has mentioned that he was and has been
the leading voice on disease preparedness. If we had listened more to
him earlier on on things like COVID, I think part of this tragedy could
have been even further averted.
I mentioned already the Russia investigation. We both took incoming
on that. Both of our sides wanted us to do it differently. He said: We
are going after the truth. I can assure you, there is no one I would
rather be in a foxhole with than Richard Burr because when the incoming
kept coming in, he said: Let's buckle down, do the work. He empowered
the staff to do that in a way that was remarkable, and, again, that
product will stand the test of time.
I am sad to lose a colleague. I think his admonitions to us were
great. I think his recognition--again, this is so Richard Burr in that
he has got so many staff here, and he put the staff not in a passing
reference but as one of the major themes of his speech. We all would
not be here without the kind of men and women who have supported you
and who support each of us who have the honor of standing on this
floor.
I am going to be really sad to at least lose the daily back-and-forth
as a friend. He is a little bit quirky. He is not shy about giving
somebody grief.
I am not sure there will ever be another Senator with the same tastes
in footwear or sockwear or lack thereof. He clearly has been one of the
Senate's true characters in the best sense of the word.
I have had the occasion to get to know Brooke and his kids. I have
seen lots and lots of pictures of the grandkids, and I am glad some of
them live in Richmond. We will visit there and on the Outer Banks.
He has a great next chapter in front of him. I think he is going to
continue to contribute to this Nation in the business world. I look to
see where that path leads, and I look to making sure this friendship
that we have built will be maintained long into the future, into our
each increasing dotages in going forward.
With that, I yield the floor and salute my dear friend Richard Burr.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from Maine.
Mr. WARNER. Madam President, my apologies to the distinguished senior
Senator from Maine.
Senator Burr knows the one thing he was also extraordinarily critical
of was whenever members of the Intel Committee were late to an Intel
meeting, and we have one at 2:30.
So, Senator Burr, I hope I have your ability, and Senator Collins
will give me a rundown on her comments today.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from Maine.
Ms. COLLINS. Madam President, how heartwarming it has been today to
witness Richard Burr's farewell speech to his colleagues, his staff,
the Members of the Senate, his constituents, and, indeed, all
Americans, and equally heartwarming it has been to listen to the
heartfelt tributes that he is receiving from those of us who have been
privileged to share with him.
During his 28 years in Congress as both a Member of the House and of
the Senate, Richard has been a strong voice for responsible government
and bipartisanship.
I join my colleagues in thanking him for his truly extraordinary
service not just to the people of his beloved North Carolina but to all
of our country. Throughout his service, Richard has consistently
reached across the aisle to meet challenges and to move our Nation
forward.
As the leader of the Senate's Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions
Committee, he has supported innovations in our healthcare system that
have made a real difference for his fellow Americans. These
advancements include enhancing the ability of cutting-edge treatments
and medications to reach patients as well as advocating for historic
funding increases for biomedical research.
Richard has also left a lasting mark on education policy for
Americans of all ages. He has worked to ensure that the very youngest
learners have the best possible opportunities in life by supporting
early education through Head Start and quality childcare and by
supporting afterschool programs through the child care and development
block grant.
He has sought to increase the affordability of higher education by
authoring the Bipartisan Student Loan Certainty Act, and he has helped
Americans obtain good-paying jobs by strengthening workforce
development programs.
Richard was also a member of the bipartisan group that shepherded the
Great American Outdoors Act through Congress. Two years ago, I was
proud to join him when that bipartisan bill was signed into law. This
historic legislation fully funds the Land and Water Conservation Fund
that supports access to the great outdoors for all Americans. It is
preserving and creating recreational opportunities from the Outer Banks
to the Pacific coast.
Perhaps less well-known but also important is the fact that Richard
has been a champion of civil rights. He spearheaded the passage of the
ABLE Act--one of the most important laws for individuals with
disabilities since the Americans with Disabilities Act.
He partnered with Congressman John Lewis, the late civil rights icon,
to reauthorize the Emmett Till Unsolved Civil Rights Crimes Act to
right the wrongs committed against African Americans that were never
investigated.
When in 2010 former Senator Joe Lieberman and I led the fight to
repeal the discriminatory don't ask, don't tell law that prohibited
patriotic Americans from serving in the military due to their sexual
orientation, Richard stepped forward to help ensure that successful
repeal.
As chairman of the Senate Intelligence Committee, Richard oversaw the
Agencies that helped to keep our Nation safe and ensured that they had
the tools needed to guard against foreign threats.
In addition, as Senator Warner has mentioned, at a time of intense
partisanship, he led the investigation into Russian attempts to meddle
in U.S. elections. He deserves enormous credit for keeping our
committee focused on the task at hand and for producing a fact-based
account of the events surrounding the 2016 election.
There is a final story that I want to end with about Richard, and it
is repeating in many ways what our chairman, Mark Warner, has said.
I, too, have accompanied Richard Burr as he has visited with our men
and women of the intelligence community at stations around the world.
He doesn't just receive the intelligence briefings, as you would
expect. No. He goes beyond that. He makes the effort to thank each and
every one of our intelligence community's staff, who are serving in
stations, sometimes in dangerous conditions, often being separated from
their families or enduring hardship. He thanks each and every one of
them. That tells you a lot about who Richard Burr is.
Richard, thank you for your countless contributions to the U.S.
Congress and to our Nation. I join your friends and colleagues in
wishing you and Brooke all the best in the years to come.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from Missouri.
Mr. BLUNT. Madam President, in calculating, it may be possible that I
have served on the Intel Committee longer than anybody besides Richard
Burr currently on the committee, with some time in the House--but not
all of the time in the House--and in the Senate. It is truly amazing
the depth of understanding he has of programs, of
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capacity, of the places we are all over the world.
I think he and Senator Warner have done a great job of maintaining
that committee as a bipartisan committee, working together,
understanding that most of what we do and that most of what we talk
about is only seen by us and the staff of that committee. It is an
important responsibility to ask questions and hear answers that others
Members can't. Richard's leadership has been incredible.
I want to spend a few minutes talking about the other portfolio he
has that I am also involved in as the appropriating chairman on the
Health and Education and Labor Committee.
In so many ways, particularly after COVID, Richard, we became the
team--the authorizing and the appropriating--so we could make this all
work together.
Efforts are extraordinary as well. We heard the long list of things
he did to create an understanding of what we needed to do--the whole
idea of rapid response, of BARDA, of having a stockpile. All of this
is--not only is so much of it Richard's idea, but also Richard has kept
the idea alive.
I will just tell you this is from absolute personal and occasional
knowledge in the press--they are wondering: Now, why are you still
spending that money on the stockpile? We didn't use it last year, and
we didn't use it the year before. Why do you think we need to have
things in that stockpile that are usable and have efficacy now?
Richard has been there. Often, the only people advocating for the
stockpile, advocating for being ready for things we hope don't happen,
are the manufacturers who are willing to manufacture this and Richard
Burr and others--that very small group of people who say: We have got
to be ready.
Now we are talking about, with Richard's leadership again, being
ready in other ways, where we are ready to manufacture and have a rapid
response like we did with COVID, where we now, maybe, have the capacity
to figure out very quickly what we need and produce that, but you have
to have the kind of relationship to have that rapid production.
You know, when something like this happens, everybody is willing to
do everything, and, frankly, everybody is willing to spend everything,
but that is likely too late. You have to be willing to plan everything
and be prepared to execute a plan rather than ``Now we have a problem;
let's do whatever it takes.'' Richard Burr has been there in thinking
about how we plan, how we prepare, what kind of relationships we need
to have.
On top of that, the biomedical research and the new interest in
synthetic biology--so much of that leaves this building and this floor
when Richard leaves. I think there are so many ways he can be and will
be available to the country and will be a service to the country, but
showing up every day, in every Congress, in every session, and to every
meeting with the knowledge he has brought to those issues is incredibly
important.
We see the possibility of health used in a warlike way. We see the
interest and the need to look into this to see what has happened or
what could happen. Let me just say that, from the Health, Education,
and Labor job that I have had, I have been able to see, maybe like
nobody else has, the Health, Education, and Labor commitment and
understanding he has. I am grateful for that. I am grateful for his
friendship.
I look forward to things he and I could continue to find to do
together, but I am grateful for the fact that he has been here when he
was so needed and stepped up in such a significant way.
Our good friend Lamar Alexander on that committee, in the height of
COVID, also very close to both of us, was very dedicated to this work.
When Lamar left, I said one of the things I am most grateful for is
that I got to serve in the Senate that included Lamar Alexander. I am
also grateful that I got to serve in the Senate that included Richard
Burr.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from Ohio.
Mr. PORTMAN. Madam President, I am here on the floor to congratulate
my friend from North Carolina, the Tar Heel State.
We go back a few years. He is from Winston-Salem, where my wife is
from. Our spouses actually waitressed together back in Winston-Salem
during high school, and they are still buddies. Brooke and Richard are
dear friends.
More importantly for today, Richard has been a terrific
representative of the State of North Carolina--first, in the House of
Representatives, where I served with him when I was a Member there from
Ohio; and then he snuck over to the Senate, a little bit ahead of me,
and kind of laid the groundwork.
We have had the opportunity to work on so much together, Richard.
I think of every major bipartisan achievement in this place, and you
will see Richard's fingerprints on it.
So to his staff who are here, I know those are your fingerprints as
much as his; so congratulations.
They haven't always been easy issues. Sometimes they have put Richard
in a difficult political position, but he did what he thought was right
for his beloved State of North Carolina and for the country.
Today, I have heard a lot about healthcare. I like healthcare. That
is great to talk about it, but I want to talk about something else. But
first, on healthcare, I must say, on Operation Warp Speed, it was
remarkably successful. I think everyone has to acknowledge that now. No
one in this Chamber was more responsible for laying the groundwork for
that than Richard Burr. I am not sure people understand that. But on
all the discussion about Richard's innovation and your work on
healthcare, I think that is one that perhaps needs to be emphasized.
You have also done a good job in other areas, as we talked about
today, and the Intelligence Committee, in particular. I will tell you
that Richard and I have traveled the world a little bit together. We
will go to some hot spot, and I will be dutifully going to the
meetings, you know, with the political leadership of the country, and
Richard will disappear, and he will show up a few days--no, a few
hours--later. We will have a good conversation about things he is not
allowed to tell me about. So he doesn't tell me everything. But the
bottom line is, he is in touch with intelligence people not just here
in Washington but around the world and expressing our support for them
and our encouragement for them for the difficult jobs that they do on
behalf of our country and, really, you know, keeping the world a less
dangerous and less volatile place.
Richard, I have seen you in action on that, but I want to talk about
something else, which is his love of the outdoors and his work on
conservation.
We are cochairs of what is called the International Conservation
Caucus. This is a group of Members, two Democrats and two Republicans--
Senator Whitehouse and Senator Coons for the Democrats, Senator Burr
and I for the Republicans--who talk about international conservation
issues around the world. These are issues that are directly related to
economic development, directly related to security, to terrorism.
When you think about it, the wildlife trafficking that goes on in
places like Africa, where people are trafficking in ivory or rhino
horns and so on, so much of that is related to providing funding for
terrorist groups over there and causing a lot of insecurity in those
areas.
It is the same thing in terms of economic development. Many of these
natural areas, once destroyed, don't provide the ability for clean
water, for food, for ecotourism, which brings in money for these
countries. So it is all related.
But, ultimately, I think Richard got involved because of his love of
nature and the outdoors. And the biodiversity that he has helped to
maintain around the world, not just here in this country, has been one
of the beneficiaries.
There is a piece of this that I think also hasn't gotten enough
notice today--that is my job to sort of clean up here--and that is not
just his work on what is called the Great American Outdoors Act, and
there were a number of provisions in there. One of mine was on the
national parks, which Richard helped me with, restoring our national
parks. But there is one piece in there that I believe would not have
been successful without Richard's advocacy over many years.
He really wanted to make sure that we put our money where our mouth
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was in terms of the Land and Water Conservation Fund, or LWCF. If you
don't know what that is, then ask any of your county commissioners or
Governors or others who take advantage of it, township trustees,
community leaders, and, certainly, conservation groups, because this is
funding that helps with matching funding--typically, local, State,
sometimes other Federal funding--to ensure that areas are protected,
that parks can be built, and so on.
Congress is very good about saying: We are all for that. We are going
to--what we call around here--authorize the legislation to do that, but
then we didn't provide the money.
What Richard said over the years was: Well, if this is such a good
idea, why don't we fund it like we are supposed to?
That was actually falling on deaf ears for quite a while, I think it
is fair to say, but Richard was persistent.
I recall being at the White House signing ceremony for that larger
legislation, the Great American Outdoors Act, knowing that one of the
most significant elements of that was full funding of the Land and
Water Conservation Fund. That was because of one Senator, and that is
Richard Burr.
So, Richard, it has been a pleasure to serve alongside of you. I wish
you and Brooke, William, and Tyler the very best going forward.
I suspect if you want to see Richard, you are going to have to go to
his beloved North Carolina shore, particularly, the Outer Banks, where
you might see him fishing for tuna or doing something else very
productive.
So Godspeed, my friend.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from North Carolina.
Mr. TILLIS. Madam President, we have heard a lot of great comments.
First, we heard great words from Senator Burr. I hope that people yield
and learn from the lessons.
We have also learned a lot about his body of work over the 28 years
that he has been in the House and the Senate.
He mentioned Speaker Boehner earlier, who was probably crying as he
listened to Richard's comments. I have a tendency, when I see a friend
leaving, to get a little sappy too. So to make sure that we keep
Speaker Boehner on the leaderboard for the one who cries the most, I
want to talk a little bit about our relationship.
We knew each other before I came here. I was speaker of the house
when I first met him. But I learned a lot from him over the last 8
years, and I have seen him work in a way that is unique among many
Members.
I feel like you sum up Richard Burr by his patience, his
practicality, and his persistence.
He is a very patient person. He doesn't think in terms of, we have
got to get this done this Congress. He looks at the reality of the
situation, and he just continues to build support until he gets it
done.
He is practical. He looks at something, the face of the policy, and
he decides whether it makes sense. And he is willing to take the
political hits to get good policy done--policy, to use Richard's words,
that has purpose and meaning.
And, man, is he persistent. We have had a lot of people talk about
the Land and Water Conservation Fund. I watched him work this, and he
worked it for quite some time. And when it was finally set up to get
passed, he was making a few people and his own conference a little bit
uncomfortable because of his encyclopedic knowledge of procedure.
I can remember one scene when he was walking down this aisle, when we
were working to get agreement, that it reminded of me of a scene in a
western comedy from many years ago.
People down there were saying: Don't shoot him; it will just make him
mad.
He knows how to get things done. I have learned a lot from him, and I
am going to miss him. But with all due respect to John Boehner, I am
going to have your friendship for the rest of my life.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from Texas.