[Congressional Record Volume 168, Number 190 (Wednesday, December 7, 2022)]
[Senate]
[Pages S7022-S7025]
From the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]



                                Ukraine

  Mr. PORTMAN. Mr. President, I come to the floor for the 27th 
consecutive week since the invasion of Ukraine to give another update 
to the American people on the brutal, illegal, and totally unprovoked 
attack by Russia on its neighbor Ukraine. This is at a time when brave 
Ukrainian freedom fighters continue to successfully fend off the third 
largest army in the world.
  What Russia thought was going to be a weeklong invasion, successfully 
occupying Ukraine, is now past the 9-month mark. Against all odds, 
Ukraine has not only survived, but they have pushed back a much larger 
Russian army--more than half of the land that Russia occupied in 
Ukraine. Remember, they were all up here in the area of Kyiv and all 
down here. More than half of the land has been liberated already.

[[Page S7023]]

  Here in the northeast part of Ukraine, near Kharkiv, in this 
province, the Kharkiv Oblast, the Ukrainian forces continue to make 
progress pushing back against the Russian forces.
  It has been slow--a combination of things. One is, it is mud season. 
It is very difficult for them to get through the mud with their armored 
vehicles. The second is, the Russian forces who were pushed back from 
here in September have now dug in along this line. So it is slower 
going, but they continue to fight.
  They are continuing with the momentum that started when they took 
over Kharkiv.
  Further south, near Bakhmut--and Bakhmut is in this area, and I was 
actually in Bakhmut back in 2018 at the so-called line of contact--
there is very intense fighting going on. This is where you have had 
months and months of fierce combat, lots of artillery. It has turned 
this area, the Bakhmut area where I was, into a battlefield reminiscent 
of what you might have seen during World War II--just total 
destruction, as you can see from this photograph.
  This is the Bakhmut area today. There you have the Russian forces, 
mostly the Wagner Group, which is a mercenary group, making steady but 
very slow progress. Ukraine has made them pay dearly for every meter, 
but that is, again, kind of in that central part of eastern Ukraine.
  In the south of Ukraine, near Kherson, they have also made good 
progress. You can see here in the blue where the Ukrainian forces, in 
the fall, earlier this fall, were able to liberate parts of occupied 
Ukraine.
  This is an interesting area. I think it is relatively quiet right 
now. We had a briefing today about that. But I don't think it is going 
to stay quiet for long. This is an area to watch. There are already 
reports of Ukrainian raids, actually, on a small peninsula there.
  This is a little closer look at this. Ukrainian raids have now been 
made on this peninsula which goes out into the Black Sea. Also, we know 
that Ukrainian forces have crossed the river here, the Dnipro River, 
and planted Ukrainian flags on the other side of the river, letting the 
Russians know they are not safe in this region; this is Ukraine.
  They have also started to evacuate, facilitate the evacuation of some 
of the Ukrainian civilians from this side, the occupied side of the 
river.
  All this indicates to me that the Ukrainians are continuing to send a 
clear signal to the Russians that they are not done in terms of 
liberating this part of Ukraine this winter.
  Unfortunately, while the nation of Ukraine has survived this war, so 
far not all Ukrainians have. These gains on the battlefield I have 
talked about have come at a tremendous cost. Casualty reports have been 
hard to come by, but we know that tens of thousands of Ukrainian 
soldiers have been killed during this liberation.
  But it is not just the men and women in uniform that are taking the 
brunt of Vladimir Putin's aggression. Since the first day of this war, 
it is innocent Ukrainians themselves who have been dying. They have 
been intentionally targeted by Russian forces.
  How many cities and villages have now become infamous for the war 
crimes committed by Russia? Bucha and Irpin, cities where I was 
visiting several weeks ago; Mariupol, Izium. Think of 4-year-old Liza. 
We had her photograph up here on the floor. She was killed in Vinnytsia 
in July. Think of 2-day-old Serhii, who was killed 2 weeks ago--2 days 
old, a newborn--at a maternity hospital in Vilniansk.
  The United Nations reports that at least 6,500 civilians have been 
killed in this senseless Russian war, then adds that ``the actual 
figures are considerably higher.'' We just don't know what they are. 
This is because we know so little about the horrors which are occurring 
behind enemy lines.
  So when you think about it, although we know more about the 
casualties that have occurred in the interior of Ukraine, what we don't 
know is how many casualties and war crimes and deaths are occurring in 
this Russian-occupied area, the red area.
  What we do know is that so many of the atrocities in this war are 
only brought to light months after they occur. They happen in silence, 
and then they are discovered when these territories are liberated by 
Ukrainian forces. That is the bittersweet pattern of this war: You have 
the Russians occupying a territory, committing heinous war crimes, 
atrocities. Then the area is liberated, and we discover these horrific 
crimes.
  And Russia's crimes are not just limited to the territory it 
occupies. Russian forces are losing on the battlefield, as we talked 
about, not making the progress they want, and they are sort of taking 
their frustration out on the rest of Ukraine. This is with cruise 
missiles and drones, bombing all of these other parts of Ukraine.
  They continue to strike noncombatants. A whole new wave of attacks 
occurred yesterday, as an example, mostly on Ukrainian infrastructure, 
energy infrastructure, but also on just civilian targets. They have 
destroyed neighborhoods, schools, hospitals. As this photo shows, they 
have really targeted civilian infrastructure. This is, again, some of 
the energy infrastructure that they have targeted.
  When I was in Kyiv with Senator Coons about 3 weeks ago--we were 
there several days after one of the powerplants had been attacked--
actually, the national utility--and these were targeted attacks on the 
infrastructure. But also Ukrainians, civilians, and workers were 
killed. It is not just collateral damage. These are targeted attacks on 
civilians--targeted and cruel.
  Russia's goal, of course, is to try to force a whole new wave of 
civilians to flee from their homes and head west. This massive 
displacement, of course, would further devastate Ukraine's economy, 
which is already expected to contract about 35 percent this year. We 
have seen this time and time again since the war has started. They 
can't defeat Ukraine on the battlefield, so they strike behind the 
battlefield to try to destroy Ukraine as a whole.
  The actions by the Kremlin to destroy these civilian areas and kill 
innocent Ukrainians are also, of course, meant to dampen the Ukrainian 
resolve. But what I have seen on my trips to Ukraine and my trips to 
the region is that every time there is a Russian atrocity, the resolve 
of the Ukrainian people doesn't weaken; it gets stronger--and for good 
reason.
  And the Ukrainian military certainly isn't backing down in their 
fierce defense of their homeland. In fact, a Ukrainian military 
spokesman recently said that Ukraine intends to continue, if not 
accelerate, its counteroffensive this winter in these areas we talked 
about--in particular here and here. So stay tuned because I think the 
Ukrainians are not done yet this winter in many places along the 
frontline, although the winter is bitterly cold for the infantry. The 
ground is also frozen solid, which makes mechanized warfare possible 
again.

  Additionally, on Monday and again today, there were explosions 
reported at military bases in Russia. These are military bases hundreds 
of miles behind the frontlines. So this is in Russian territory. There 
are military bases that are experiencing explosions. These bases happen 
to house the Tu-95 bombers, which have regularly taken part in Russia's 
deadly cruise missile strikes against Ukrainian civilians.
  According to the British Ministry of Defense, these explosions 
constitute, as they say, ``some of the most strategically significant 
failures of Russian force protection since [Russia's] invasion of 
Ukraine.''
  Ukraine is the shield defending freedom in the West. When I visited 
Ukraine in August and November, I heard from so many Ukrainians who see 
themselves that way. They are holding Russia at bay, essentially, for 
the rest of the world. For years--think about it--Russia has threatened 
Europe and other regions with military action. We have all witnessed 
their attack of the country of Georgia and their brutal tactics in 
Syria and Chechnya.
  In 2014, and then, of course, in February of this year, Ukraine 
became Russia's next target; and if Ukraine falls, Russia has promised 
other dominos will fall in Eastern and Central Europe. They have said 
openly they want to recreate the Soviet Union or the Russian Empire, 
which would include so many countries in the region.
  The brave soldiers of Ukraine, men and women in uniform, are holding 
back the forces of Russian tyranny, and we should honor their sacrifice 
and

[[Page S7024]]

their bravery. Fortunately, they are not in this fight alone. Over 50 
countries from around the world have stepped up to help Ukraine defend 
itself.
  Ukraine's freedom fighters have been trained and equipped not just by 
the United States but by dozens of other countries that believe in 
freedom. Ukrainians are well aware of this, and they are eternally 
grateful. I hear this gratitude every time I am with Ukrainians. 
Yesterday, I met with a bunch of Ukrainian Parliamentarians from their 
Rada here in Washington. But when I have been in Ukraine, I have heard 
it also.
  When I spoke with President Zelenskyy in Kyiv in August and again in 
November, the first thing he said to me was, ``Thank you to the 
American people.''
  The aid from the United States and our allies does not go unnoticed 
or unappreciated. Ukrainian soldiers are bearing the brunt of Russia's 
wrath, but because of the significant assistance provided by the West, 
President Zelenskyy speaks about this war against Russian aggression as 
a joint battle and that we should continue to strive together toward 
our joint victory.
  Ukrainians are well aware of the need to provide transparency to 
taxpayers here in the United States as to how this aid is being used. I 
think that is very important. During both my visits to Kyiv this year, 
I spoke with our diplomats at the U.S. Embassy about how they are 
ensuring proper oversight and accountability for military aid.
  I have also met twice with the 101st Airborne in Poland, the 
principal unit responsible for delivery of U.S. and allied military 
assistance. They have gone into great detail about how they are 
tracking and monitoring the U.S. military assistance through so-called 
end-use monitoring to ensure the military equipment actually ends up in 
the right hands.
  One thing interesting to me, confirmed again today, is that we have 
sent these HIMARS, which are these rocket-launching systems, to Ukraine 
that have been particularly effective and that, at least at this 
point--we have sent about 20 of them--not a single one, not a single 
one has been attacked and destroyed or has gotten into the wrong hands.
  We also believe, from what we know, unbelievably, that with all the 
weapons we are sending to Ukraine, we don't have any instances that are 
documented of these weapons getting into the wrong hands. Plenty of 
Russian weapons have gotten into Ukrainians' hands--I will tell you 
that--including lots of armored vehicles that they have left behind.
  So no one is advocating that this Congress or U.S. taxpayers give 
Ukraine a blank check. This aid is generously provided by taxpayers so 
it has got to be accountable to taxpayers. Ukraine knows that and, 
again, has gone to great lengths to provide transparency, even in this 
time of war.
  These resources fund not only Ukraine's military; they back the 
government and help maintain and repair civilian infrastructure. 
Ukraine's economy has been hit so hard by this conflict that, without 
help from its allies, the government there would be unable to provide 
many basic services to its citizens.

  The Europeans, Japanese, and others, of course, have stepped up here, 
as they should. This is particularly important this winter. As Russia 
attacks Ukraine's energy infrastructure to plunge the country into cold 
darkness, the humanitarian aid from the United States and dozens of 
other countries has ensured that innocent men, women, and children are 
able to survive the cold Ukrainian winter amidst these heinous Russian 
war crimes.
  Our economic aid, along with that of the European Union and dozens of 
other countries, has supported Ukraine's Government so that critical 
services to its citizens can continue. With regard to the economic 
assistance, by the way, the Ukraine budget support goes through the 
World Bank from the United States because, in addition to our own 
oversight, the bank adds a second layer of oversight and 
accountability, including issuing periodic reports and audits to both 
parties.
  Economic assistance is further monitored by a USAID contractor, the 
U.S. accounting firm Deloitte. They monitor all expenses, which is a 
good thing, in my view.
  We also need to ensure our constituents that what we are providing to 
Ukraine is actually working; it is making a difference. And it 
certainly is. When Ukraine took back the city of Kherson here, which 
was the first and only provincial capital taken by Russia, the key 
element to their success, I am told, was the military equipment 
provided by the United States--and others, but primarily the United 
States--and that was the HIMARS launchers we talked about a moment ago. 
These missile launchers were very effective at tearing down the Russian 
infrastructure that was providing the supplies to Russia--so the 
weapons, the food, and so on. By wearing down the Russian forces and 
forcing them to abandon the city, the American weapons were very 
effective in debilitating Russia's ability to command and resupply its 
forces.
  And the air defense systems provided by the United States and our 
allies have helped Ukraine shoot down hundreds of missiles and drones 
launched by Russia that otherwise would have killed innocent civilians.
  I do continue to believe that we can and should do more, by the way, 
particularly with regard to military assistance. I continue to urge the 
Biden administration to provide Ukraine with more of the weapons that 
the Ukrainians themselves have said they actually want and need and can 
use. This would include fourth-generation advanced fighter jets--not 
the latest and greatest but things like F-16s that we are not using 
that they could use, that other countries have that we could allow them 
to provide to Ukraine; Abrams tanks that other countries have that they 
are willing to provide; long-range missiles.
  If we are serious about helping Ukraine continue to win, as opposed 
to the possibility that this could just result in a stalemate, we 
should provide these weapons so that they can respond to the very real 
Russian threat.
  Let me pose this question to my colleagues who are skeptical about 
assistance: If we had not led our allies in supporting Ukraine during 
this fight for survival, what would have happened? What would have 
happened if we allowed this authoritarian regime to dominate and 
subjugate its neighbors by force of arms?
  Ukraine would have become an occupied state. Many more refugees, by 
the millions, would have fled to Europe, to the United States, and 
elsewhere. And even if the threat by Vladimir Putin to occupy all these 
other independent countries in the neighborhood that were once part of 
the Soviet Union had not yet become a reality, the United States would 
have mobilized thousands of troops and massive amounts of weapons at 
the borders of these NATO allies at a tremendous cost to the American 
taxpayer.
  I think we have to think about that, think about what the alternative 
would have been. It also would have resulted, of course, in the rules-
based international order that we have had in place for almost 80 
years, since World War II, crumbling in Ukraine. What would have 
happened then? What message would aggressive adversaries like China and 
Iran take from that?
  The world would have become a much more dangerous and volatile place, 
let's be honest. Countries would have armed up. This is why it is so 
important that we continue to support Ukraine. Our enemies and our 
adversaries alike are watching very carefully. We can't pull back now, 
not during this critical time. We cannot falter.
  In addition to working with our allies to help Ukraine win on the 
battlefield, we have got to continue to tighten the global sanctions 
and export controls on Russia. I believe it is only that combination--
success on the battlefield and making the Russian economy feel the 
pain--that is going to be successful in getting Russia to the peace 
table. Export controls already are blocking supplies, including 
semiconductors, needed to create military equipment in Russia. So that 
is having an effect. Sanctions must include better success at stopping 
the energy receipts to Russia that are fueling the war machine.
  I mentioned what is happening to the Ukrainian economy. The Russian 
economy has also gone down but not nearly as much as the Ukrainian 
economy.

[[Page S7025]]

Why? Largely because the economy depends on the energy receipts that 
are still coming in from Russia selling its oil and gas around the 
world.
  This week, there was some progress on that front. Back in June, the 
European Union decided to end all seaborne Russian oil imports by 
December 5. That was Monday. And the EU did, indeed, follow through on 
this promise. I applaud the European Union for taking that step.
  However, in June, the EU also committed to end financing and 
insurance services for all vessels carrying Russian oil, even to non-
European countries. This would be devastating to Russian oil exports 
since Europe dominates a large chunk of the maritime services market. 
Financing and insurance: Without financing and insurance from Europe, 
these ships would never embark and Russian oil sales would plummet.
  Unfortunately, in this case, the EU did not follow through on this 
promise made in June. Instead, on Friday, the EU, the United States, 
other G-7 countries, and Australia agreed to what is being called a 
``price cap'' scheme. Under this framework, the participating countries 
will continue to provide financing insurance for vessels selling 
Russian oil but only below a certain cost per barrel. So instead of 
ending these sales of seaborne Russian oil exports, we are enabling 
them at a lower price. What is more, as the Washington Post reports, 
the price cap, which was agreed to at $60 per barrel, ``is well above 
Russia's cost of production and close to where its oil is currently 
trading--meaning it may not have much of a direct impact.''
  That is my concern about it. I understand that there is another 
argument that the Russian oil price would, perhaps, be even higher at 
lower volumes if they didn't have these ships. But I think the first 
plan made in June would have been much more effective in helping to 
tighten these sanctions.
  Analysts, by the way, said the cap will have little immediate impact 
on the oil revenues that Moscow is currently earning. In fact, Russia 
itself said on Monday the cap is not going to hurt the financing of its 
special military operation, as they call it, in Ukraine--this deadly 
and unprovoked war.
  The price cap is ``an unhappy compromise that will do very little to 
cut Russia's oil revenue'' from current levels, said Ben Cahill, an 
energy security expert at the Center for Strategic and International 
Studies in Washington.
  I would ask the suffering people of Ukraine what they would think 
about it. Ukraine, Poland, and the Baltic States--who have consistently 
been right about the threat of Russian aggression--suggested a price 
cap of just $30 a barrel if they were going to do a price cap; so half 
of the $60 that the EU, the G-7, the U.S., and Australia ended up at. 
The one we agreed to, again, was twice as high.
  On a more positive note, at a meeting in Romania last week, the 
NATO's Secretary General reaffirmed that the door to membership remains 
open to Ukraine. This has been NATO's official policy for Ukraine, by 
the way, since 2008, but it was important that the alliance reaffirm 
that commitment last week in the context of Vladimir Putin's war on 
Ukraine.
  I encourage NATO to begin the steps to welcome Ukraine in the future. 
Despite all the atrocities and hardships now we have talked about 
tonight, I believe that Ukraine will eventually prevail in this 
conflict and survive as a country and that Ukraine will someday join 
NATO and the European Union to add the most important security 
guarantees they could get. No amount of Russian missiles can stop that, 
by the way, because the people of Ukraine will always have something 
that Russia does not: freedom and faith.
  Faith is what our Founding Fathers had so many years ago when they 
set out on a risky journey to chart America's own destiny--faith that 
freedom would work. Faith is what the Ukrainian people grasped onto as 
they embarked on their own Revolution of Dignity in 2014, abandoning a 
corrupt Russian-backed regime and choosing freedom, democracy, and free 
markets. Ukrainians chose to stand with us, with the European Union and 
the United States and other free nations.
  Faith is what gave the people of Ukraine the strength and resolve at 
the beginning of Russia's overwhelming invasion in February--faith that 
as a country, they would survive, and as a people, they would come out 
on the other end of this conflict--when the odds were so stacked 
against them--more unified than ever.
  Against all odds, again, that faith has been justified time and time 
again during this bloody war. Now, once again, it is time for us to 
join our allies in keeping the faith--faith in the proven Ukrainian 
bravery and perseverance and faith that freedom will win out over 
tyranny if we stay the course.
  I yield the floor.

                          ____________________