[Congressional Record Volume 168, Number 190 (Wednesday, December 7, 2022)]
[Senate]
[Pages S7018-S7019]
From the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]



                   National Defense Authorization Act

  Mr. TUBERVILLE. Mr. President, for more than 60 years, Congress has 
passed the NDAA to ensure our Armed Forces are able to keep Americans 
safe.
  The Armed Services Committee agreed on a robust, bipartisan bill in 
June--June. What I don't understand is why it took 6 months to schedule 
a vote on this critical bill. Waiting until the last minute to pass the 
NDAA is playing a game of chicken with our national security and with 
the American servicemember. I know most of my Democratic colleagues in 
both the House and Senate did not control the timing of this bill.
  But Senator Schumer did. And he decided to wait so long that our 
chairman and ranking member were forced to conference the bill prior to 
it coming to the Senate floor. So let's not wait until December 2023 to 
get the NDAA to the floor. Let's get the fiscal year 2024 NDAA to the 
floor in regular order--because the consequences of playing these games 
with the NDAA are severe.
  If Congress keeps the DOD guessing about when we might pass the NDAA, 
it hinders our ability to keep up with China, assert our dominance in 
space, keep command of the seas, and restock our missile defenses. If 
we fail to pass the NDAA or kick this to next year, we should keep in 
mind the consequences. There will be no raise for servicemembers and no 
spending increases to keep up with inflation. In short, we would be in 
a very dangerous situation. Providing for our common defense is one of 
the few responsibilities mandated by the Constitution for this body.
  As the House moves forward with the NDAA this week and the Senate 
considers the bill next week, I hope my colleagues will come together 
to put our common defense over partisan politics. Producing the 
military equipment and facilities outlined in the NDAA requires a huge 
supply chain. And the pandemic revealed America's concerning dependence 
on foreign adversaries for items we used to produce in the U.S.
  Our military is dependent on imported tungsten, cobalt, and rare 
earth elements. In addition to the military, our Nation's food supply 
depends on imported materials for fertilizer. Our energy supply chains 
are dependent on imported aluminum, copper, graphite and uranium. All 
of these have been listed by the U.S. Geological Survey as ``critical 
minerals'' in 2018 and most recently in 2022. Many of these maxed out 
at 100 percent imports to the U.S.
  In fact, we import 100 percent of our supply of 14 of the 35 critical 
minerals as defined by the Department of the Interior. That means our 
domestic production of those minerals is zero. And our dependence on 
foreign countries is growing.
  Where are we getting our imports? Mainly from Russia, China, and 
their surrogates. We are importing these materials from a country 
waging brutal and unprovoked war on one our allies and another country 
with a human rights abuse record that is too long to fit into my time 
today. All the while, America boasts these minerals in abundance right 
here in the U.S. This is a disgrace.
  America's enormous mineral wealth is sitting right under its 
citizens' feet in vast tracts of Federal and State lands. This is a 
tragic irony similar to the perceived oil ``shortages'' in the 1970s 
and skyrocketing energy prices we face today--even though America is 
endowed with near limitless oil and gas wealth. It is a self-inflicted 
crisis, and we are in the same boat with ``critical minerals.''
  Instead of using what we have at home, we are importing them by doing 
business with nations that run counter to everything we value. Two of 
our largest suppliers are China and Russia.
  As you can see on the chart, we depend on these adversaries for huge 
amounts of our supply of materials we need to produce everything from 
batteries to pharmaceuticals. That means, when it comes to critical 
minerals, we are buying from countries that don't have humane 
labor standards. Child labor, forced labor, slave labor--it all exists 
as I speak--and the American consumer is subsidizing it.

  We are buying from countries that don't value our high environmental 
standards. China consumes six times the amount of coal as the United 
States. And that figure is growing, not shrinking.
  We are buying from countries that don't value freedom and democracy. 
Both Russia and China use our courts, our laws, our press, and our 
freedoms to erode trust in our most sacred institutions.
  We are buying critical minerals from countries that are outright 
adversarial to the America, that seek to topple our place in the world. 
America earned her place in world affairs through blood and treasure. 
And we have maintained that world order to the betterment of human 
kind. The spread of American democracy and capitalism has lifted more 
humanity out of misery and poverty than any other system of government 
or finance the world has ever seen. In 6,000 years of recorded human 
civilization, no system has ever brought comfort, security, and dignity 
to so many.
  Yet our Nation's economic and national security apparatus is at 
serious risk today, just as in the 1970s, except the stakes are higher 
given today's unstable geopolitics. According to experts at the U.S. 
Geological Survey, other Western industrial economies--some of whom 
provide critical minerals to the U.S.--are also vulnerable to global 
mineral supply chain manipulation. Most of those countries are also 
reliant on imports, making their economies somewhat ``fragile''--but 
none more so than the United States.
  The U.S. shuns its mineral wealth rather than wisely and responsibly 
producing critical minerals from America's vast geologic bounty. It is 
possible to mine critical minerals in an environmentally responsible 
way, like they do in Canada and Australia. These two allies are wise 
environmental stewards because they know how to both extract needed 
minerals and protect their environments. We can protect our environment 
and the national interest at the same time.
  Just look at uranium. Clean nuclear energy powers 20 percent of 
America's power needs. In my home State of Alabama, it powers a full 
third of our homes and businesses. Uranium powers our aircraft carriers 
and submarine fleets, keeping America and our allies safe. America has 
uranium in abundance, but our nation's uranium mining industry is on 
life-support at 0.1 percent of global production.
  So where do we buy it from? America's uranium is almost totally 
imported from Russia, Kazakhstan, Namibia, and even from China. Over 
half of the world's uranium production is in the hands of our 
adversaries. The International Energy Agency reports that of the 31 
reactors built in the past five

[[Page S7019]]

years, 27 are of Russian or Chinese design. This is a completely 
avoidable national security emergency.
  Our minerals are wealth, real wealth--worthy of innovation and use 
for power generation, for medical practices, in university and national 
laboratory reactors, and for commercial fields of research. We need 
critical minerals to support and defend the world's largest, 
technology-based, environmentally friendly economy.
  We need 21st century critical mineral independence. To get there, we 
must disrupt the status quo of the permitting and over-regulation. We 
need to open modern, technology-driven, environmentally friendly mines.
  There is a fast-approaching day when we will no longer be able to 
count on foreign imports. The necessary sanctions we have placed on 
Russia highlight the dangers of foreign dependence. Natural resource 
issues matter to the American people.
  The mineral wealth located on vast tracts of federal lands belong to 
us all. This wealth gives us the ability to use our natural resource 
endowment to help secure America's critical mineral supply chains. It 
is essential to our economy, independence, and safety that this nation 
secure its critical mineral supply chains.
  I yield the floor.