[Congressional Record Volume 168, Number 41 (Tuesday, March 8, 2022)]
[Senate]
[Pages S1031-S1048]
From the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]




              POSTAL SERVICE REFORM ACT OF 2022--Continued

  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The senior Senator from Arkansas.


                    Honoring Sergeant Joshua Caudell

  Mr. BOOZMAN. Madam President, I have the privilege of being with my 
fellow Senator, Tom Cotton, as we rise today to honor two Arkansans who 
gave their lives in service to others recently.
  Arkansas Department of Corrections Officer Sergeant Joshua Caudell 
was a member of the department's K-9 team who responded to a call to 
assist his fellow law enforcement officers with a disturbance call.
  During the course of searching for a suspect, Sergeant Caudell was 
shot and later died from his injuries. Born in Little Rock and raised 
in Redfield and White Hall, Sergeant Caudell was a White Hall High 
School graduate of the class of 2011.
  Service was something that defined his life. In high school, he 
participated in the school's ROTC program. He then went on to serve in 
the Army National Guard and is a 10-year veteran of the Arkansas 
Department of Corrections with a variety of units.
  He also served his family with deep care and devotion. As a loving 
husband and father, Sergeant Caudell put his wife and children above 
all else. They shared a special bond and never left any doubt about how 
much they meant to each other.
  His friends describe Sergeant Caudell as a kind, generous person who 
was a real-life hero. He loved to fish and grill, cheer on his 
daughter's softball team, ride horses with his fellow Department of 
Corrections field officers, and support the Arkansas Razorbacks.
  His sacrifice in the name of protecting the community and enforcing 
the rule of law will never be forgotten.
  We are so grateful for his example and willingness to do the tough 
and dangerous job of ensuring public safety.


                          Honoring Jason Lang

  Madam President, sadly, the Natural State lost another first 
responder in

[[Page S1032]]

the last few days, West Memphis firefighter Jason Lang.
  Lang was traveling to another city for an EMT training class when he 
stopped to provide assistance to others involved in a traffic accident. 
He was struck by an 18-wheeler while rendering aid.
  Originally from Iowa, Jason Lang was an Eagle Scout and a volunteer 
firefighter who was just starting his adult life. We were fortunate 
that his path brought him to Arkansas, where he was eager to begin 
serving the West Memphis community.
  Lang was an enthusiastic and promising young man who, on day one, 
wanted to be an integral part of the important work that first 
responders do to help support those in need. He learned that example 
from his own family, with a father who served as a police officer for 
decades and a brother who is a volunteer firefighter.
  He may have only been with the West Memphis Fire Department for a few 
months, but his chief recalled viewing him as a future leader in the 
organization from the first time that they met. His heroic and selfless 
actions will be admired and appreciated for years to come.
  Those who perform such acts do so without regard for their own 
safety, which is the hallmark of public service. So today, we remember 
both Sergeant Joshua Caudell and firefighter Jason Lang for what they 
gave to their respective communities: themselves, totally and 
unflinchingly.
  We regret that their actions were necessary, but we will be forever 
grateful that these two men did not hesitate to put their own safety 
aside in the name of protecting and helping others.
  I join with Senator Cotton and so many others to share our gratitude 
and admiration for these heroes, as well as our sorrow that they paid 
the ultimate price in the line of duty.
  We pray for their loved ones and colleagues as they mourn these 
fallen guardians who served others to the very end.

  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from Arkansas.
  Mr. COTTON. Madam President, today, I stand with a heavy heart, 
alongside Senator Boozman, to mourn the deaths of two great Arkansans, 
Arkansas Department of Corrections Sergeant Joshua Caudell and West 
Memphis firefighter Jason Lang. They both died as they lived: serving 
their fellow Arkansans.
  Like every State, Arkansas is suffering terribly from the crime wave 
that has crashed across the country in the past 2\1/2\ years. Our men 
and women in law enforcement are on the frontline of this crisis, 
fighting against the forces of disorder, ridding our streets of 
poisonous drugs, facing down evil itself.
  Sadly, too many in law enforcement have paid the ultimate price while 
protecting the innocent and fighting the guilty.


                    Honoring Sergeant Joshua Caudell

  Madam President, last Monday, another Arkansan lost his life as an 
officer in the line of duty.
  The other week, Pulaski County Sheriff's deputies were asked to check 
on a woman who hadn't shown up to work that day. Her friends were 
concerned about her well-being and wanted to make sure she was safe. 
When the deputies arrived at the woman's house, an armed assailant 
opened fire, forcing them to take cover and call backup. The shooter 
managed to escape, and deputies then called in canine officers to find 
the would-be cop killer.
  One of the officers assigned to this dangerous job was Sergeant 
Joshua Caudell. Sergeant Caudell helped track the shooter to a trailer 
not far away. Tragically, unknown to the officers, the shooter was 
lying in wait underneath the trailer. He once again opened fire on the 
police, this time hitting Sergeant Caudell and killing him.
  Sergeant Caudell was 29 years old. He had a wife and three children. 
My prayers and Senator Boozman's prayers reflect the prayers of all 
Arkansans going out to his family. We can only imagine their heartbreak 
and pain.
  The heinous criminal who committed this murder is now in custody. He 
will face justice--stern, swift, and fair. And he must face the 
sternest justice possible because an attack on a law enforcement 
officer is also an attack on the rule of law, on order, on civilization 
itself.
  Sadly, the slaying of Sergeant Caudell was not the only tragedy that 
befell our State in the last 2 weeks.


                          Honoring Jason Lang

  Madam President, on Saturday, February 26, 20-year-old West Memphis 
firefighter Jason Lang was on his way to an EMT class when he saw that 
a stranger had gotten into a car accident. Exactly as you would expect 
from such a fine public servant, he pulled over, and he tried to help 
the crash victim. As he was selflessly helping the stranger, Jason was 
tragically struck by an 18-wheeler and killed.
  Jason's death is a heartbreaking loss for our State. When Jason saw a 
fellow Arkansan in distress, he ran toward the danger. Every young boy 
and girl should aspire to serve their community with the same sense of 
bravery.
  Today, all of Arkansas weeps red and blue. My heart and Senator 
Boozman's heart goes out to all Arkansas firefighters and police 
officers who do so much for our State each and every day.
  President Reagan said in his first inaugural address that ``those who 
say that we're in a time'' without heroes ``just don't know where to 
look.'' Jason Lang and Joshua Caudell were, indeed, heroes; and we can 
look to them, and we can honor their legacy. God bless them, God bless 
their families, and God bless the State of Arkansas.
  I yield the floor.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from Utah.


             Unanimous Consent Request--Amendment No. 4936

  Mr. LEE. Madam President, the U.S. Postal Service is in dire trouble. 
The Government Accountability Office has listed its financial viability 
as high risk, and it has been in that status since 2009.
  From 2007 until 2020, the Postal Service had losses of $86 billion 
and over $188 billion in unfunded liabilities and debt. From October to 
December of last year alone--just a few months--it lost $1.3 billion.
  I think it is a mistake to rush postal reform now, when Congress 
should instead debate and consider the country's response to and role 
in the Ukraine-Russia situation. We could be responding to skyrocketing 
energy prices. Nevertheless, I do very much support dealing with the 
post office and reforming the post office. We have to do this.
  Unfortunately, this bill falls far short in much more than just its 
timing. It does nearly nothing to make the Postal Service solvent.
  I have offered 12 amendments. Sadly, my efforts, along with those of 
my Republican colleagues, have been blocked. But I can't just step 
aside without trying to make the bill better.
  Today, I would like to briefly speak about just 2 of the 12 
amendments I have filed, just two of them in particular, and ask that 
they be called up and voted on.
  The first strikes a provision in the bill that would require the 
Postal Service to ``maintain an integrated network for the delivery'' 
of postal products and would require the disclosure of the rates that 
the USPS charges private companies for the last mile delivery of 
packages.
  The term ``integrated network'' isn't defined in the bill, and it 
could be easily used to bundle or combine expenses, which would in turn 
allow the USPS to further disguise serious costs and make a proper 
accounting of certain products difficult or even impossible.
  The simple idea of an ``integrated delivery network'' may seem 
benign--and the term itself sounds friendly enough--but words do 
matter. Words in context and their meaning, these are things that 
matter.
  This particular legislative text with no clear definition is ripe for 
abuse. Because the Postal Service is required to deliver to every 
American, even on unprofitable routes, the Postal Service may be 
charging lower than market rates in its service contracts with private 
companies. This may not only shortchange the Postal Service, making 
further taxpayer bailouts likely, but it could also distort competition 
in the package delivery market.
  The American public deserves a proper accounting of Postal Service 
rates, and my amendment will ensure this disclosure is provided in a 
fully transparent manner.
  My second amendment prohibits the Postal Service from shipping any 
``abortion inducing drug.'' Chemical

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abortions have four times the complication rate of surgical abortions 
and are far more likely to send women to the emergency room. 
Unfortunately, in December of 2021--just a few months ago--the Food and 
Drug Administration permanently rescinded a longstanding regulation 
that required healthcare professionals to dispense chemical abortion 
pills to patients in person, allowing them to be sent through the mail 
without even basic precautions to protect the life and health of the 
mother.
  Not only does this policy change threaten the lives and the health of 
women, but it raises the disturbing possibility that perpetrators of 
sexual abuse may be further enabled to hide their crimes from legal 
authorities and health professionals through mail-order abortion.
  Furthermore, because taxpayer dollars--particularly, over the last 
few years--have funded the Postal Service's operations, American 
taxpayer resources are funding abortion and putting women at risk. 
Congress must put an end to this and exercise its authority to ensure 
that the U.S. Government does not encourage or facilitate the use of 
these dangerous and lethal abortion drugs.
  I also support the efforts of my many colleagues. Senator Scott's 
amendment would alleviate some of the financial burdens that this bill 
would impose on taxpayers and the Medicare Program by forcing the 
Postal Service to reimburse Medicare for all of the additional costs 
that would be created by requiring future postal retirees to enroll in 
Medicare.
  Congress and the Postal Service have historically made bad policy and 
business decisions, and now, instead of fixing those or otherwise 
meaningfully addressing them, it is simply shifting millions of workers 
from coverage historically provided by an independent Federal Agency 
onto taxpayers more broadly.
  The Postal Service and the American people deserve a thoughtful bill, 
one that reforms its key challenges, setting the Agency up for long-
term success.
  But without any amendments to change the trajectory, this bill only 
kicks the can down the road without making the serious changes that are 
needed today.
  Madam President, I ask unanimous consent to set aside the pending 
amendment and call up my amendment No. 4936. Further, I ask that the 
amendment be reported by number, that there be 2 minutes of debate 
equally divided on the amendment, and that the Senate then vote on 
adoption of the amendment with no intervening action or debate.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there objection?
  Mr. PETERS. Madam President, reserving the right to object.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from Michigan.
  Mr. PETERS. Madam President, the Postal Service Reform Act before us 
here today represents consensus on essential reforms for the U.S. 
Postal Service, overdue for over a decade.
  This legislation will ensure the Postal Service can provide long-
term, reliable, 6-day-a-week service across the country, and put it on 
stable financial footing.
  This amendment changes key service protections in the bill and adds 
new harmful provisions tailored to special interests of Postal Service 
competitors.
  Our bill requires the Postal Service to maintain its current standard 
of delivery at least 6 days per week. It is absolutely essential to 
protect 6-day delivery so the Postal Service can continue serving as a 
critical lifeline for countless communities that rely on the mail for 
medications, for rent payments, for critical supplies, for Social 
Security checks, and so much more.
  This amendment would change how the Postal Service operates today by 
altering their integrated network that allows mail and packages to be 
delivered together. This is more efficient for both the Postal Service 
and for their customers.
  Instead, this amendment seeks to undermine the Postal Service's 
ability to compete against private carriers that do not have the same 
requirements to deliver to every single community in the United States 
of America.
  The amendment would also force publication of contract information to 
Postal Service competitors. This would give away commercially sensitive 
information to private carriers and provide an unfair advantage, when 
the Postal Regulatory Commission already reviews every Postal Service 
contract to ensure both compliance as well as fairness.
  I appreciated Senator Portman's thoughtful comments against changing 
the key service protections in this bill. It is time to pass this 
bipartisan legislation as drafted and getting it signed into law.
  I object.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The objection is heard.
  The Senator from Utah.
  Mr. LEE. Madam President, it is unfortunate that we are not able to 
vote on this. It is a simple measure, and contrary to the 
characterization by my friend and distinguished colleague, the Senator 
from Michigan, this is a simple transparency measure.
  Look, the fact that there are people within the Postal Service 
reviewing the contracts doesn't solve the underlying problem. What we 
want is transparency. What we want to know is that the Postal Service 
isn't setting up contracts that are sweetheart deals to some companies, 
allowing them to be enriched on the backs of the American taxpayer and 
the consumer who uses the Postal Service. It is not too much to ask.
  So it is unfortunate that we can't. All I want is a vote on that. We 
ought to be able to vote on it. It makes me wonder: What are they 
afraid of? What is the Postal Service so afraid of? What is the harm 
that can come from the American people knowing how these things 
operate? What is the harm that can come from striking a provision that 
is vague and ripe with opportunities for abuse--strike that and replace 
it with transparency provisions? We would all be better off. So that is 
unfortunate.
  I do think we ought to consider that and also another amendment.


             Unanimous Consent Request--Amendment No. 4937

  Madam President, to that end, I ask unanimous consent to set aside 
the pending amendment and call up amendment No. 4937; further, that the 
amendment be reported by number, that there be 2 minutes of debate 
equally divided on the amendment, and that the Senate then vote on 
adoption of the amendment with no intervening action or debate.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there objection?
  Mr. PETERS. Madam President, reserving the right to object.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from Michigan.
  Mr. PETERS. Madam President, this bill is limited to absolutely 
essential, consensus, bipartisan reforms that are necessary to ensure 
that the Postal Service can survive and can continue delivering for the 
American people.
  Everything in this bill has bipartisan agreement. This bill passed 
the House by a vote of 342 to 92. It has broad support from the public, 
from the business community, and other stakeholders.
  In contrast, this amendment is inflammatory and unnecessary to the 
postal bill. It is meant to be a poison pill. It would add abortion-
inducing drugs to the list of nonmailable matter under postal law.
  Under current law, the list of nonmailable matter includes items 
ranging from grenades to explosives, to controlled substances and 
narcotics.
  However, the Postal Service is free to mail any FDA-approved drugs 
that are prescribed by healthcare providers and sent by either a 
pharmacy or a doctor.
  There are no other FDA-approved medications that are prohibited from 
being mailed to patients in need.
  This amendment is an attack on reproductive rights that would make it 
more difficult for women and families to safely access critical medical 
care, and it imposes an unnecessary hardship on women and families who 
are accessing their care using telemedicine, especially during a 
pandemic.
  This amendment simply has no place in a bipartisan postal reform 
bill.
  Madam President, I object.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. Objection is heard.
  The Senator from Utah.
  Mr. LEE. Madam President, here again is an amendment. The Senate has 
to get back to the practice of amending bills. I understand not 
everybody is inclined to agree on it. I understand the abortion issue 
is tough for a

[[Page S1034]]

lot of people. They don't want to talk about it. But, look, until a few 
months ago, these weren't available through the mail system anyway. 
They still shouldn't be. I believe those who made that decision to 
allow that over the last few months were overlooking the health and 
safety concerns that had previously prohibited those things from 
happening.
  Regardless, it really is unfortunate we can't even vote on this. I 
understand not everybody agrees on the substance of the amendment, but 
what previously made the Senate the world's greatest deliberative 
legislative body was the ability of any one Member to bring up an 
amendment and have it voted on. I think that is unfortunate.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from Florida.


             Unanimous Consent Request--Amendment No. 4933

  Mr. SCOTT of Florida. Madam President, first, I want to thank my 
colleague Senator Lee from Utah for his leadership on these issues, 
trying to make sure that the legislation we pass is legislation that we 
all have the opportunity to participate in.
  I have been disappointed that I am on the committee that deals with 
the Postal Service and we didn't even have a vote on this. I didn't 
have any opportunity in the committee to propose an amendment. It 
doesn't look like I am going to have an opportunity here to have my 
colleagues vote on an amendment, and I don't think that is right.
  The amendment I am going to talk about today is cosponsored by 
Senators Johnson, Grassley, Braun, and Lankford, and I want to thank 
them for their support.
  I absolutely support getting something done to reform the Postal 
Service and ensure more accountability to taxpayers. Unfortunately, the 
bill before us doesn't do that.
  This legislation would add at least $6 billion in new costs to 
Medicare without any plan to pay for it--$6 billion and no plan to pay 
for it--and at least $5 billion to our Federal debt, a debt that is 
already surging above $30 trillion. I think we all should say that is 
unacceptable.
  This bill doesn't reduce costs; it just shifts them from one unfunded 
government program to another unfunded government program.
  Let's remember, Medicare costs are already skyrocketing. Further 
jeopardizing Medicare is a disservice to the 60 million Americans, 
including 4.5 million Floridians, who rely on it. My amendment would 
fix this. It would just require the Postal Service to pay for any new 
costs to Medicare that this bill will bring. This would ensure that 
Medicare isn't used like a piggy bank and that the taxpayer and future 
nonpostal retirees aren't forced to bear the burden of this postal 
bailout. And the Postal Service should pay their fair share.
  I want to make this next point very clear. My amendment is germane. 
It deserves a simple majority vote. It deserves a vote. I am thankful I 
have the support of groups like 60 Plus and the Association of Mature 
American Citizens that represent the interests of America's seniors.
  I urge my colleagues to support this.
  Madam President, I ask unanimous consent to set aside the pending 
amendment and call up amendment No. 4933; further, that the amendment 
be reported by number, that there be 2 minutes of debate equally 
divided on the amendment, and that the Senate vote on adoption of the 
amendment with no intervening action or debate.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there objection?
  Mr. PETERS. Madam President, reserving the right to object.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from Michigan.
  Mr. PETERS. Madam President, I oppose the Scott amendment, which 
would gut the bipartisan Postal Service Reform Act by nullifying the 
Medicare integration proposal.
  Medicare integration is an absolutely key part of this bipartisan 
bill to provide long-term financial stability for the Postal Service. 
My colleague Senator Portman spoke recently about why these criticisms 
of Medicare integration are simply unfounded.
  This bill simply provides for future postal retirees, who have 
already paid into Medicare throughout their entire careers, to enroll 
in Part B and Part D. Roughly a quarter of postal retirees do not 
enroll in Medicare even though they are eligible. This means the Postal 
Service is stuck paying higher premiums.
  This bill simply allows the Postal Service to do what other 
businesses and employers already do all across our country by 
integrating these retirees into Medicare. This saves the Postal Service 
money and saves taxpayer money. This bill reduces the deficit over 10 
years by nearly $1.5 billion.
  CBO has also made clear that the bill does not affect the Part A 
trust fund and will not have any effect on Medicare Part B or Part D 
premiums.
  Postal workers are already eligible for Part A, and the number of new 
postal workers going into Part B will be fewer than 40,000 individuals, 
and that compares to 62 million people currently in the program.
  The Postal Service Reform Act does not harm Medicare. It provides 
savings to the Postal Service and to taxpayers. It allows the Postal 
Service to survive, regain stable financial footing, and keep 
delivering for every single American. We need to stop delaying this 
bill. We need to pass the bill.
  I object.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. Objection is heard.
  The Senator from Florida.
  Mr. SCOTT of Florida. Madam President, reserving the right to object, 
here is what I believe: We need to do everything possible to protect 
Medicare recipients and stop bankrupting our essential programs.
  Senator Johnson has told me repeatedly that he has been asking for 
years. The Postal Service says they are putting all this money into 
Medicare, and he has had a simple request: How much money is the Postal 
Service paying for Medicare, and what are the recipients at the Postal 
Service receiving in benefits? No one can ever give an answer.
  I asked for a CBO score. They said this is going to cost at least $6 
billion, and it is going to increase our deficit by at least $5 
billion.
  So we have an unfunded program in the Postal Service, and we are 
going to move it and hurt our Medicare recipients.
  My amendment--and I was told that this would not cost Medicare 
anything, so my amendment is pretty simple: whatever the incremental 
costs to Medicare are should be paid by the Postal Service. I mean, it 
is the Postal Service retirees; they are the ones who ought to pay for 
it.
  So I don't understand why we wouldn't want to do this. I was told it 
was not going to cost anything.
  By the way, the CBO score that is out there already says it is going 
to increase our deficit, and it is going to put our Medicare Program in 
worse shape. They can only give us numbers for the first 10 years. 
After 10 years, the numbers are going to be worse than the numbers I 
told you about.
  So what I don't get is, one, why didn't we vote on this in the 
committee? Why didn't we have an opportunity to do an amendment there? 
Why don't we have an amendment vote on this on the floor? It is common 
sense.
  I would think all of us would want to make sure we are not going to 
bankrupt Medicare, and all of us want to make sure that if it is going 
to cost Medicare anything, the Postal Service should pay for it.
  I yield the floor.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from Illinois.


                  Nomination of Ketanji Brown Jackson

  Mr. DURBIN. Madam President, late last month, President Biden 
announced the nomination of Judge Ketanji Brown Jackson, the next 
Associate Justice of the Supreme Court.
  As I said the day her nomination was announced, it is hard to think 
of a better jurist to replace highly regarded Justice Stephen Breyer. 
Over the past 10 days, we have all had a chance to learn about her 
record, and last week I met with her in my office. I would like to 
share what impressed me the most about her.
  First is her breadth of experience. A graduate of Harvard Law School, 
she has worked in private legal practice. She served as a Federal 
public defender and served on the U.S. Sentencing Commission. She has 
clerked at every level of the Federal judiciary: for Judge Patti Saris 
on the District of Massachusetts, Judge Bruce Selya on the First 
Circuit, and Justice Breyer on the Supreme Court. That is an amazing 
resume.

[[Page S1035]]

  She went on to serve as a Federal district court judge. Currently, 
she sits on the DC Circuit, often regarded as the second highest court 
in the land. And once confirmed, she will be only the second current 
Supreme Court Justice with experience as a trial court judge.
  That means Judge Jackson will bring to the Court insights into the 
issues confronting Federal district courts every single day. And these 
same questions often make it to the Supreme Court for final review.
  Second, I was impressed with her character and temperament. They are 
unimpeachable. During our conversation last week, we spoke about her 
family, her daughters, her upbringing, and the highlights of her 
career. I particularly enjoyed one story, which she has told before, 
about a letter that her daughter wrote to President Obama a few years 
ago. In it, she asked the President to appoint her mother to the 
Supreme Court. Well, it may have taken a bit longer than Judge 
Jackson's daughter anticipated, I can only imagine how proud she is 
today.
  My conversation with Judge Jackson also made clear that she has the 
exact temperament we need on the Court. She is personable, humble, 
approachable. That last attribute is particularly important for a 
Supreme Court Justice.
  The Supreme Court should not be shrouded in secrecy and mystery. Its 
process and its decisions should be clear and easily understood for the 
people in the Court as well as for the American public. With Judge 
Jackson on the Court, we can trust that will be true.
  Third, Judge Jackson is clearly--clearly--within the judicial 
mainstream. She has a record of evenhandedness and impartiality, guided 
by the Constitution, the law, and the facts of the case. She is not a 
partisan or an ideologue. She is independent in her thinking, and she 
will maintain the Court's proper role.
  Don't take my word for it. Judges and lawyers from across the 
political spectrum have said the same thing. Consider the support Judge 
Jackson enjoys from David Levi, who was appointed by President George 
H. W. Bush to serve on the Eastern District of California.
  He wrote to the committee, and he said a Supreme Court nominee ``must 
be neutral, nonpartisan, exercise self-restraint, model civility, and 
approach each case with an open mind and with a determination to reach 
as just, wise, and correct a result as possible.''
  And he concluded that ``[b]ased on what I know of Judge Jackson . . . 
I believe she has been that kind of a judge and will be that kind of a 
Justice.''
  I could not agree more. Often, I have seen my colleagues on the other 
side of the aisle in their initial reaction to the judge--Judge 
Jackson--have said, well, I want to know more about her judicial 
philosophy. Certainly, they can draw their own conclusions, but I hope 
that they will read what David Levi had to say as well as other 
conservative jurists.
  Sadly, Judge Jackson has already been subject to a number of baseless 
attacks so let's set the record straight. First, she has drawn 
criticism for refusing to comment when asked whether the Supreme Court 
should remain at its current size. Well, Judge Jackson's exactly right 
not to offer an opinion. As a nominee to the Supreme Court and a 
sitting judge on the DC Circuit, it would be totally inappropriate for 
her to opine on a public policy decision that only we can make in 
Congress.
  Indeed, Judge Jackson's handling of this question mirrors the 
approach taken by Justice Amy Coney Barrett just a few months back when 
she was nominated to the Court.
  At her hearing, when then-Judge Barrett was asked about the size of 
the Court, she then responded, it is ``a question left open to 
Congress'' and that if there were a ``specific constitutional 
question'' about the Court's size, she ``could not opine on it.''
  Judge Jackson also has faced offensive questions from figures on the 
far right about her qualifications. This past Wednesday, FOX News 
talking head Tucker Carlson demanded that President Biden produce Judge 
Jackson's score on the LSAT exam.
  Mr. Carlson said he wanted to see Judge Jackson's LSAT score to gauge 
if she was, in fact, ``a once in a generation legal mind.''
  Isn't it interesting that Mr. Tucker Carlson never once asked for 
LSAT scores of President Trump's nominees to the Court: Neil Gorsuch, 
Brett Kavanaugh, or Amy Coney Barrett. He never once questioned their 
qualifications to sit on the Court or their academic credentials.
  Let's be clear: Judge Jackson graduated magna cum laude from Harvard 
University and cum laude from Harvard Law School. Not bad. As an 
undergrad, she received the Harvard College Scholarship for Academic 
Achievement. Let me repeat that--academic achievement. And she served 
as supervising editor on the Harvard Law Review.

  Mr. Carlson, of course, is notorious for his outrageous comments. I 
don't expect he is going to offer any apology to Judge Jackson, but I 
would urge all my Republican colleagues to disavow his remarks and 
disassociate themselves from the innuendo.
  We also continue to hear false allegations that Judge Jackson was 
handpicked by so-called liberal dark money groups. Once again, that 
claim is completely divorced from reality. The truth is this: President 
Biden undertook a rigorous process to select Justice Breyer's 
successor, seeking the advice of a bipartisan group of Senators. And 
after weeks of consideration, he, and he alone, chose Judge Jackson.
  President Biden's selection process was deliberative, collaborative, 
and it took seriously the Senate's advice and consent role. It did not 
involve dark money groups. I can't help but note the irony of this line 
of attack coming from the other side of the aisle.
  After all, it was President Donald Trump who bragged--bragged--that 
groups like the Federalist Society and Heritage Foundation actually 
drove his selection process for the Supreme Court.
  As a candidate, Trump said:

       We're going to have great judges, conservative, all picked 
     by the Federalist Society.

  Trump, never at a loss for words, made it very clear where he went to 
find his nominee.
  And Don McGahn, the Trump administration's first White House Counsel, 
said about the Federalist Society in judicial selection:

       I've been a member of the Federalist Society since law 
     school. Still am. So, frankly, it seems like it has been 
     insourced.

  ``Insourced'' was his word.
  And it is worth adding that Republicans, including Senator McConnell, 
have blocked every single effort to address the presence of hard 
money--dark money in our political system. We should have full 
disclosure. I support that. We are ready to vote on the floor. The 
leader on the Republican side resists.
  Judge Jackson also has faced baseless claims that she is a partisan 
Democrat just nominated to rubberstamp the Biden agenda. These claims 
have no basis in fact. She is evenhanded and impartial, confirmed by 
the Senate on a bipartisan basis three different times, including last 
year.
  If Judge Jackson were such a partisan, why would so many prominent 
conservatives be supporting her? The short answer is they wouldn't.
  But she has that support and plenty of it, including from former 
Republican Speaker of the House Paul Ryan; retired DC Circuit Judge 
Thomas Griffith, a George W. Bush retiree; retired Fourth Circuit Judge 
Michael Luttig, a George H. W. Bush appointee; Bill Burck, a prominent 
Republican attorney who worked in the George W. Bush administration; 
Charles Fried, who served as Solicitor General during the Reagan 
administration, and many more.
  These conservative jurists and attorneys have endorsed her precisely 
because she is independent and fairminded. She will not rubberstamp any 
President's agenda. These conservative leaders know that on the Court, 
Judge Jackson will be faithful to the Constitution and the rule of law.
  Finally, we hear the false allegation that Judge Jackson will be 
``soft on crime.'' Look at her life, look at her record and at the 
support she now has from the law enforcement community.
  As Judge Jackson noted in accepting the President's nomination, she 
has two uncles and a brother who serve as police officers. One of her 
uncles was chief of police in Miami.
  On the bench, she has approached each criminal case in a manner that 
we

[[Page S1036]]

would ask of every judge. Look at the law; look at the facts.
  It is not surprising that she has garnered the support of multiple 
law enforcement groups. This nominee, who is attributed as being soft 
on crime, has the endorsement of the Fraternal Order of Police. They 
wrote the following about her:

       We are reassured that, should she be confirmed, she would 
     approach her future cases with an open mind and treat issues 
     related to law enforcement fairly and justly.

  Wouldn't we all be proud to have that endorsement for our pursuits?
  Superintendent David Brown of the Chicago Police Department wrote:

       I have no doubt that if confirmed, Judge Ketanji Brown 
     Jackson's appointment will make history by adding a powerful, 
     moderate, and informed voice to the highest court in the 
     land.

  As Senators and the American people continue to learn more about 
Judge Jackson and her amazing record, I hope and expect they will reach 
the same conclusion that leaders have reached all across America's 
political spectrum. Judge Jackson will be a strong, fair, principled, 
evenhanded, and impartial Supreme Court Justice.
  In closing, let me say that we have scheduled the hearings of the 
Judiciary Committee to begin on March 21. That is 24 days after 
President Biden announced his nominee.
  The previous Justice nominated for the Supreme Court, Amy Coney 
Barrett, under President Trump, was brought to the committee for a 
hearing in 16 days. So we are certainly within the window and beyond it 
in producing Judge Jackson on the 24th day.
  We are also providing materials that have been requested, including 
documents from the U.S. Sentencing Commission, of which Judge Jackson 
was a member.
  She will produce 12,000 pages of documents that are going to 
chronicle what happened in the Commission while she was serving. They 
include minutes and the Board's discussions of the important issues 
that are before us.

  Lucky for all of us, it is a very transparent Agency, and they have 
lived up to that transparency with this disclosure.
  In the meantime, the judge is going to do her best to meet with as 
many Senators as possible. She has prioritized those members of the 
Senate Judiciary Committee on the right and on the left, Democrats and 
Republicans, as well as other leaders in the U.S. Senate.
  She is available, and I am certain that if my colleagues are fair in 
their appraisal, they will come to the same conclusion that I have come 
to. She is an excellent choice to be Justice Breyer's successor on the 
Supreme Court.
  I yield the floor.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from Texas.


                                 Energy

  Mr. CORNYN. Madam President, over the last few decades, globalization 
has completely reshaped the international economic order. Economies 
around the world have become interconnected, relying on one another 
from agricultural products to energy, to manufacturing capabilities.
  It seemed to be the rule of thumb that whoever could produce a 
product at the lowest price got the business and the jobs that went 
along with it.
  But we are increasingly seeing vulnerabilities that this 
interdependence creates with some of the clearest examples surfacing 
during the COVID-19 pandemic.
  The United States, for example, leans heavily on China for masks, 
gloves, and gowns, personal protective equipment, and for ventilators--
all of which were absolutely necessary during the beginning of the 
pandemic and continuing on until today. But for a long time, that 
wasn't a problem, until COVID-19 showed up.
  I still remember the phone call I had with the Governor of Texas, my 
friend Greg Abbott. At the beginning of the pandemic, I said, 
``Governor, what do you need?'' He said, ``We need testing and we need 
PPE,'' personal protective equipment, almost all of which is made 
overseas in China.
  China, as it turns out, held on to most of the supply for its own 
hospitals and healthcare workers, leaving the rest of the world to 
compete for the limited supply that remained.
  Suddenly, we were unable to provide our healthcare providers with the 
personal protective equipment they needed to protect themselves while 
they served others--namely, the rest of us, their patients.
  As supply chain struggles grew and expanded, it wasn't just medical 
equipment that proved to be a problem. Everything from cleaning 
products to automobiles were impacted.
  We began to realize that one of the biggest vulnerabilities is 
semiconductors, which are critical components for our most used 
products: things like smart phones, computers, televisions, cars, 
airplanes, cell towers, and just about everything else with an off-and-
on switch.
  Again, the source of our chip supply didn't used to be a problem. 
About three decades ago, the United States manufactured 37 percent of 
the world's semiconductors. But as our reliance on these chips has gone 
up, our production has gone down; and today, instead of 37 percent of 
the world's semiconductors, the United States produces only 12 percent 
of the global share.
  Again, these microcircuits have become invaluable in this 
technological age because, literally, everything with an off-and-on 
switch requires semiconductors--and I mean everything.
  The lion's share of semiconductor manufacturing--more than 60 percent 
of the world's supply--is in Taiwan, which, as we know, is being 
threatened with invasion by the People's Republic of China. But it is 
not just the threat of armed invasion that risks that supply chain; it 
is also the possibility of another pandemic or a natural disaster.
  This flashing red light has prompted the Senate to take action by 
passing the CHIPS for America Act, which I introduced along with the 
senior Senator from Virginia, Mr. Warner, which was designed to 
incentivize U.S. semiconductor manufacturing.
  And in the coming weeks, I hope we can finally get a bill to the 
President's desk that funds these critical programs and puts us on a 
path to more domestic semiconductor manufacturing because of those 
risks to the supply chain.
  In short, a crisis hit, it exposed our vulnerabilities, and we acted.
  That is exactly what we need to do now regarding energy security. Let 
me explain.
  In many ways, the risks we are seeing with the global energy supply 
today are similar to those risks we experienced with critical 
components like semiconductors. Much of the world relies on a single 
country for a critical product, and decisions made by a dictator could 
lead to that supply being cut off at a moment's notice.
  When our allies are looking to adversaries for our most basic needs 
like heating, electricity, fuel, it creates huge vulnerabilities and 
sky-high prices at the same time.
  This was underscored in January of 2009, when Russia effectively 
turned the gas off to Ukraine for almost 3 weeks. This affected at 
least 10 countries in Europe whose natural gas traveled through 
Ukraine. Russia is still the dominant gas supplier for Europe, 
including Ukraine. Last year, Russia supplied 40 percent of Europe's 
natural gas.
  In 2020, Russia was the third largest producer of petroleum and other 
liquid fuels and the second largest producer of natural gas. This gives 
Vladimir Putin a tremendous amount of not only power but ready cash. 
And as we are seeing on our TV screens, that money is being used for 
the most nefarious of purposes: to kill innocent Ukrainian civilians.
  After coming under intense pressure by both Democrats and 
Republicans, I am glad that the administration has finally announced a 
ban on Russian oil imports into the United States.
  We know exactly where the money they get from selling this commodity 
is going, and we cannot continue to supply Putin with blood money.
  I am disappointed it did take a while for the President to see the 
merits of this action and only after it was clear that Congress, on a 
bipartisan basis, was prepared to act.
  Our colleagues in both Chambers have produced numerous proposals to 
ban Russian imports, while pushing the administration to take action.
  Over the weekend, Democrats on the House Ways and Means Committee 
announced a bipartisan bill to do just that, but the press release, 
once posted on the website, was quickly taken

[[Page S1037]]

down, strangely enough. Reporting indicates that the White House 
intervened to get that press release taken down off the House Ways and 
Means website because it didn't want to look like it was being boxed 
into taking action on Russian oil imports.
  But to his credit, once the President saw the writing on the wall, he 
decided to take action, but he made it seem like it was his idea, even 
though we all know his hand was forced by bipartisan support in the 
Congress.
  There has never been a more critical moment to reevaluate our 
reliance on rogue regimes for our energy supply. If we want to protect 
ourselves and our allies from the whims of a power-hungry dictator, we 
need to get serious about energy security.
  In recent years, conversations about energy policy have been consumed 
by debates about the environmental impact of fossil fuels, which are 
important, but often, they are not well informed.
  Some of our colleagues have proposed everything from fracking bans in 
the Green New Deal to net-zero carbon deadlines.
  Well, those efforts may bring down America's share of global 
emissions, but it would come at a grave cost to global energy security. 
And the truth is, whether it is the Russians or the Chinese or India, 
developing nations with growing economies, they may pay lip service to 
some of the goals of a carbon-free future; but this is at the same time 
that China is building more coal-fired powerplants than any other 
nation on Earth.
  So they really say one thing and do another, for fairly obvious 
reasons. They understand that constraining your own energy supply will 
have a negative impact on their economy and job growth and stability in 
each of those countries.
  But I want to be clear: I support efforts to diversify our energy 
sources and reduce emissions. That is why in Texas we embraced what is 
called ``all of the above'' as an energy strategy that includes oil and 
gas, nuclear, wind, solar, you name it. We embrace all of it.
  But we have learned a long time ago that solar and wind energy are 
dependent on the weather, for example, or the time of day, because the 
Sun doesn't always shine and the wind doesn't always blow. That is why 
you need a reliable base load of electricity and energy, primarily fuel 
from natural gas, some from nuclear and the like.
  On top of that diversification of your energy supply which has proven 
to be so important and so successful in reducing emissions yet 
maintaining energy security, Texas companies are also making serious 
strides in energy innovation. We are finding new ways to sequester 
carbon emissions, for example, and other ways to make our most 
available and affordable energy sources cleaner.
  I believe we need to do more to encourage innovation and 
diversification of our energy sources, but those efforts must not come 
at the cost of security.
  Our top priority must be to ensure that the United States and our 
allies have reliable access to energy needed to keep the lights on and 
their economy running. And we need to stop Putin and other dictators 
from getting rich off of our dependence and holding democracies like 
Ukraine hostage.
  Suffice it to say that the Biden administration has not addressed a 
plan to do that. From day one, the administration has taken actions 
that undermine America's energy security and send even more business to 
Russia and Saudi Arabia.
  Only hours after being sworn in, President Biden cancelled the permit 
to the Keystone XL Pipeline and halted all new energy leasing and 
permitting on public lands and waters.
  His administration has effectively discouraged investments in new 
production here at home, and the U.S. is producing significantly less 
oil. It is now down by 1.2 million barrels per day from pre-Biden 
administration days.
  Without question, the most logical response to the current global 
energy crisis is to boost production of U.S. energy sources. We can 
reap the economic benefits of strong production here at home and supply 
our friends and allies with reliable energy around the world and, in 
the process, enhancing their energy security, making them less 
dependent on people like Vladimir Putin.
  But producers aren't able to turn on a dime. They are not able to 
increase their capacity overnight; but it is important for us to begin 
to take the steps now to strengthen our domestic energy production in 
light of the developments in Ukraine and in Europe.
  The sooner the Biden administration views oil and gas producers as 
necessary rather than expendable, the better off we will all be.
  That is not what the White House has suggested, by the way. In fact, 
they seem to be suggesting a completely different route.
  The Biden administration doesn't want to supply Europe with more 
American energy; he wants to help them shift their reliance from one 
oil-rich dictator to another. Good-bye, Russia; hello, Iran; hello, 
Venezuela. The administration is looking to other rogue regimes to 
supply the energy that should be produced here in America.
  The White House is trying to revive the ill-considered Iran nuclear 
deal, and the White House press secretary acknowledged that a new deal 
would mean more oil from Iran for global markets.
  It is reportedly considering a trip to Saudi Arabia to ask the 
Kingdom to pump more oil--not here in America, but go to Saudi Arabia, 
hat in hand, and say: Will you please produce more oil to help us bring 
down the price of gasoline?
  We even hear that the Biden administration is trying to ease 
sanctions on Venezuela and funnel Putin's profits to Maduro.
  The fact the Biden administration is beating down the doors of the 
Ayatollah, the Crown Prince, and Maduro rather than easing burdens on 
American producers is a bad joke. It is absurd. It makes no sense 
whatsoever.
  Now, ideologues may oppose American fossil fuels, but the 
administration's reflexive opposition to U.S. producers is creating 
serious risks for our security, not to mention the high prices that 
consumers pay at the pump.
  We are blessed to live in a resource-rich country, and there is no 
reason to put the energy security of the United States and our allies 
at risk because President Biden worries about angering the progressive 
radical left of his own political party.
  If the Biden administration continues to wage war on American fossil 
fuels, it will create huge vulnerabilities for the United States and 
our allies.
  Now, I am not suggesting we revive the 1970s oil export ban and 
implement isolationist energy policies, but we do need to take decisive 
action to reduce the world's reliance on authoritarian regimes.
  Just as the pandemic led us to reevaluate vulnerable supply chains, 
this war in Ukraine has opened our eyes and, hopefully, given us the 
opportunity to reevaluate global energy security.
  I hope this crisis will serve as a reset button for those energy 
security efforts, and I hope we can find some common ground between 
Democrats and Republicans to reconsider the ideological and reflexive 
opposition to American fossil fuels because the consequences in terms 
of world peace and energy security are too serious not to revisit those 
preconceived notions before the Ukrainian invasion.
  I yield the floor.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from Wyoming.
  Mr. BARRASSO. Madam President, I come to the floor first to associate 
myself with the remarks of the distinguished senior Senator from Texas, 
and I agree completely with his comments regarding what is happening 
right now in Ukraine on the ground and what is happening with energy in 
America and our need to become energy independent again. To go from 
this current position of what had previously been energy dominance to 
now energy dependence--we need to return to the days of energy 
dominance for the United States because it is not just about our 
national security, it is about security for our friends and allies 
around the world so they don't have to be dependent on the likes of the 
killer and the thug Vladimir Putin.
  So I come to the floor today to talk about what is going on in 
Ukraine and the war in Ukraine and the global implications thereof.
  Right now, the world is watching in horror as Vladimir Putin 
continues

[[Page S1038]]

with his onslaught. Russia has now shelled two nuclear facilities. 
Russia continues to attack civilian targets. Russia has allegedly used 
cluster bombs near schools and hospitals. We know that dozens of 
children have been killed. Russian troops have even attacked an 
orphanage and a kindergarten. It is heartbreaking, and it is also 
barbarism straight out of Hell.
  The world is right to be outraged by these vicious attacks, and we 
know how these attacks have been paid for. We know how Vladimir Putin 
has funded his aggression. These atrocities were all paid for through 
Russian energy. Energy is the reason that Vladimir Putin can afford to 
invade Ukraine. It is the cash cow that drives his military--oil and 
gas from Russia. Half of Russia's economy is based on energy, and 
nearly half of Europe's imports of energy come from Russia. So, as I 
said, energy is the cash cow that has funded the war.
  Russia is the No. 2 producer of crude oil in the world, and Putin is 
the No. 1 rival to the United States in terms of energy production. 
Well, under Joe Biden as President, there has been a lot less 
competition for Vladimir Putin. It is not for lack of American energy 
resources, and it certainly is not for lack of American energy workers. 
No, it is because of the reckless policies of President Joe Biden and 
this administration.
  On Friday last week, I was in Cheyenne, WY, at the State capital, 
where I spent 5 years as a State senator prior to coming to the U.S. 
Senate. Every member of the Wyoming Legislature, Republican and 
Democrat alike, understands fully that the resources we need to power 
our country are here in the United States. We have the energy in the 
ground. Yet this administration is not allowing us to use it. We have 
the workers ready to go, plenty in Wyoming and around the country. The 
Biden administration continues to block us from producing more American 
energy.
  Those legislators I talked to on Friday--they know. Every one of them 
knows that on Joe Biden's first day in office, he killed the Keystone 
XL Pipeline. They know because they follow the news, and they know 
because Joe Biden bragged about it. He said: Look at me, I am going to 
kill the Keystone XL Pipeline. And he did with an Executive order on 
day No. 1.
  Since then, he has blocked oil and gas leases on public land. Quarter 
after quarter after quarter--we are now in the fifth quarter in a row 
where he has blocked all oil and gas leases on public land. No auctions 
for those leases have been held.
  He also stopped exploration in the Arctic. The Russians are exploring 
for energy in the Arctic, but, no, not Joe Biden. Nope. After you, Mr. 
Putin. You go get it and sell it. And we know how he is using the 
money. So Joe Biden decides he wants to handcuff America from doing the 
same thing--exploring for energy in the Arctic.
  At the same time, it has become nearly impossible to build a natural 
gas pipeline in the United States. You say: No, it can't be possible. 
Well, the President's lackeys--lackeys--on the Federal Regulatory 
Commission recently decided to change their approval process for 
natural gas pipelines. As Putin's army surrounded Ukraine, Joe Biden's 
lackeys on the FERC changed the way they approved pipelines. They did 
it as inflation hit record-high numbers, with war looming in Europe. It 
is astonishing. Joe Manchin called them, as did I, as the chairman and 
ranking member of the Senate Energy Committee--called them in front of 
the committee last week, a hearing last Thursday--and asked them to 
explain themselves, why this attack on American energy.
  You know, our country produced lots of oil before COVID. We are 
producing some now, but we are still a million barrels a day below 
where we were during the peak prior to COVID. So when supply and 
production at home is down, prices go up.
  Earlier today, gasoline prices hit the highest price ever--ever--but 
prices were way up even before Russia invaded Ukraine. The day Joe 
Biden took office, gas prices were $2.38 per gallon nationwide. Today, 
the average is $4.17. It cost more than $5 a gallon in leftwing 
California. They may be happy to pay the price. People in Wyoming are 
not, where they drive lots of miles to and from work. In Wyoming, the 
number of miles driven is the highest per capita anywhere in the 
country.
  We know what happens to families when gas prices go up and they have 
to put more money in the tank that could have otherwise been used for 
food, for clothing, for school supplies for the kids.
  I understand that a gallon of gas in Los Angeles now is at $7.
  Last year, a typical working family paid about $1,000 more to fill 
their tank over the course of the year than they did the year before 
Joe Biden became President. It is a direct result of the policies of 
this administration. And this year, it is likely to be a lot higher 
because this administration's policies, environmental-extremist driven, 
are making energy at home much more expensive.

  So today, after 2 weeks into the war, Joe Biden has announced a ban 
on Russian oil. It is about time.
  On Saturday, a number of us were in a Zoom call with President 
Zelenskyy, the brave, heroic, courageous President of Ukraine. He said:

       If [we] had started sanctions months ago, there would not 
     have been a war.

  Now the question is, What is going to replace the Russian oil? 
Because up until today, Joe Biden was eager to buy Russian oil--eager. 
So the question is, What is going to replace the Russian oil? Well, it 
darn well ought to be American oil. Democrats have basically floated a 
couple of proposals. Buy it from Iran, they say; buy it from Venezuela, 
they say; or don't buy any at all.
  On Thursday, the Secretary of Transportation said a possibility was 
``working out something with Iran.'' Remember those people? They are 
the ones who every Friday have a demonstration where they chant ``death 
to America'' and burn the American flag. He wants to work something out 
with them.
  Let me remind the people who are watching that Iran is the No. 1 
state sponsor of global terrorism. Iran is on the verge of a nuclear 
weapon. Now Democrats want to give Iran a windfall of American dollars.
  The last time Democrats bribed Iran, the Secretary of State was John 
Kerry. He admitted right out that some of the money would go to 
terrorists, and we know that some of it did. Democrats signed the check 
anyway. Pallets of cash were delivered to Tehran. Now Democrats are 
talking about doing it all over again.
  Oh, and think about John Kerry. What did he say in an interview with 
the BBC just a week and a half ago, as Russian troops were on the 
border surrounding Ukraine? He said he hoped that what was happening 
there ``did not distract''--``did not distract''--from the climate 
agenda. Oh yeah, we wouldn't want the death of all those people to 
distract from your agenda, Mr. Kerry, former Senator Kerry, former 
Secretary of State. But he is not just the former, he is the current 
climate spokesman for this administration. He is the voice of climate 
in this administration. So that must mean that Joe Biden doesn't want 
it to distract from his climate agenda either.
  It is time to wake up.
  Over the weekend, the Biden administration officials went to 
Venezuela. According to media reports, they discussed easing sanctions 
on Venezuelan oil.
  Nicolas Maduro is one of the world's biggest cheerleaders for you 
know who? Vladimir Putin. He supports Russia's war in Ukraine. He 
apparently called the Kremlin to say that just this past week.
  This means that the Biden administration is actually actively 
considering and pursuing, as they were on Saturday, replacing oil from 
Russia with oil from a Russian client state in our own hemisphere. It 
is bad energy policy. It is bad foreign policy. It almost seems to be 
something out of ``Alice in Wonderland.'' Yet, it still makes more 
sense than the third idea that Democrats are floating: Let's just let 
energy prices go higher and higher.
  The White House Press Secretary said that we should just stop using 
oil altogether. She says the solution to high gas prices and war in 
Europe is just stop using gas. This is delusional. The idea that we can 
immediately transition away from oil and gas is a fairy tale. It is a 
dangerous fairy tale at that.
  None of these three solutions proposed by the Democrats is in the 
best

[[Page S1039]]

interest of our Nation, our Nation's energy security, or our Nation's 
national security. Oil from Iran and oil from Venezuela is just as 
dangerous as oil from Russia. Changing our entire economy overnight is 
not an option in the real world.
  There is only one answer that works, and that is the answer that the 
American people are pleading for. The solution to Russian oil is more 
American oil. We must replace Russian oil with American energy. To do 
that, we need to produce more. We have the resources. We have the 
workers. We have the expertise. What we need is the leadership out of 
the White House in Washington, DC, and we are not getting it.
  We ought to produce enough American energy to supply our allies and, 
above all, to bring down prices for people here at home. That is why I 
have introduced legislation called the ESCAPE Act, to escape what is 
happening with this control of our energy and the increase in prices. 
It stands for Energy Security Cooperation With Allied Partners in 
Europe. This bill expedites the sale of American natural gas to our 
NATO allies.
  I also led a letter with every Republican on the Energy Committee and 
sent it to President Biden the morning after his State of the Union 
Address. Our letter details 10 specific plans, 10 specific actions the 
President can take today to produce more American energy.
  We are much better off producing and selling energy to our friends 
than being forced to buy it from our enemies.
  What President Biden and the Democrats don't seem to believe is the 
undeniable truth that energy security is national security. For 
ourselves and for our allies, we need more American energy.
  I yield the floor.
  I suggest the absence of a quorum.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The clerk will call the roll.
  The bill clerk proceeded to call the roll.
  Mr. SCHUMER. Madam President, I ask unanimous consent that the order 
for the quorum call be rescinded.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without objection, it is so ordered.


                           Order of Procedure

  Mr. SCHUMER. Madam President, I ask unanimous consent that, at 4:50 
p.m. today, all postcloture time be considered expired on H.R. 3076; 
that amendment No. 4955 be withdrawn; that the bill be considered read 
a third time; that if a budget point of order is raised and a motion to 
waive made, the Senate vote on the motion to waive; that if waived, the 
Senate vote on the passage of the bill; further, that upon disposition 
of H.R. 3076 that, notwithstanding rule XXII, the Senate proceed to 
executive session and vote on the motions to invoke cloture on Calendar 
Nos. 547 and 719; that if cloture is invoked on any of these 
nominations, the Senate vote on confirmation of the nominations at a 
time to be determined by the majority leader or his designee following 
consultation with the Republican leader; finally, that there be 2 
minutes for debate, equally divided in the usual form, prior to each 
vote, all without further intervening action or debate.
  Also, in an effort to speed up the votes, I ask unanimous consent 
that all votes after the first vote be 10-minute votes. Members should 
be notified to get here and to stay around so we can get this done.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there objection?
  Without objection, it is so ordered.
  Mr. SCHUMER. I yield the floor to the Senator from Iowa.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from Iowa.


                        Prescription Drug Costs

  Mr. GRASSLEY. Madam President, many Iowans rely on pharmacists who 
operate independently or as part of a small community pharmacy chain. 
This is especially true in rural Iowa, but I will bet it is true in a 
lot of other rural States as well. In Iowa, we have over 300 
independent pharmacists, and many work in multiple rural communities. 
These pharmacies are small businesses serving Iowa communities like 
Muscatine and Sioux City.
  These pharmacies want a level playing field to compete with anyone 
whether that is a big chain or whether it is another independent 
pharmacy. Yet the pharmacists I hear from are being hurt by retroactive 
direct and indirect remunerations. I am going to refer to them as 
``DIR'' fees. They have to work with pharmaceutical benefit managers in 
regard to those fees, and there are conflicts between them that I hear 
about all the time. This all deals with Part D Medicare plans. What I 
am talking about with regard to direct and indirect remunerations and 
these negotiated fees with PBMs are what are sometimes known as 
clawbacks.
  Every day, seniors go to the drug store, and they probably always pay 
a copay. These seniors then rightfully believe that they are paying the 
lowest amount possible, but that is not always the case. After the 
patient pays and leaves the pharmacy, the Part D Medicare plan or a 
PBM, a pharmacy benefit manager, contacts the local pharmacist to claw 
back a certain amount paid. That is where this DIR fee comes in. This 
action actually lowers the cost of the drug, but the patient doesn't 
know it. Because of these DIR fees, seniors pay a lot more than they 
need to for the pills they get at the pharmacy.
  One Iowa rural pharmacist told me that DIR fees, clawbacks, are not 
only costing the patient more in the form of a higher copay, they are 
also costing that local pharmacy. From 2010 to 2020, Part D Medicare 
plans and the PBMs increased the DIR fees by over--can you believe 
this?--104,000 percent. DIR fees now total over $9 billion a year. 
Pharmacists, especially those operating independently in rural areas 
but particularly in rural Iowa, whom I hear about, have told me, if DIR 
fee clawbacks do not get under control, pharmacists will not survive. 
Of course, we hear--maybe not every day, but we hear quite often--about 
those small pharmacists going out of business, and these DIR fees are 
often cited to us as one of the reasons. This will then leave Iowans 
without access to the local pharmacy for medication therapy management 
and for other care.
  I have a bipartisan solution to solve this problem that ends DIR fee 
clawbacks.
  In 2019, the senior Senator from Oregon and I negotiated and 
introduced a bill that we entitled the ``Prescription Drug Pricing 
Reduction Act,'' also known as Grassley-Wyden. I don't even care if it 
is known as Wyden-Grassley. The Grassley-Wyden ends DIR fee clawbacks. 
This will reduce out-of-pocket expenses and provide pharmacies with 
financial predictability. This move may even keep rural pharmacies 
viable.

  On top of my legislative efforts in Grassley-Wyden, I commend the 
Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services for issuing a proposed rule 
to end DIR fee clawbacks. I am not sure that that proposed rule exactly 
does what the Grassley-Wyden bill does, but it is still a step in the 
right direction, and I welcome that. In welcoming it, I have submitted 
comments, asking the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services to 
strengthen the proposed provision as much as the existing statute 
allows. Of course, we ought to finalize that proposed rule without 
delay.
  In addition to ending DIR fee clawbacks, I am committed to passing 
Grassley-Wyden. I hope, now that Democrats worked on Build Back Better 
last year with provisions that they thought would reduce pharmaceutical 
drugs--and it doesn't seem to be moving--that, instead of going the 
partisan way, they would take a look at a bipartisan way of trying to 
get something done on prescription drugs and, at the same time, end the 
DIR fee clawback.
  This bill, as a whole, besides dealing with the clawbacks, will lower 
prescription drug costs in a comprehensive manner. It actually takes on 
Big Pharma. You probably know that, in this body, there are some people 
who say we should just leave Big Pharma alone, but I know that they do 
wonderful work. I know they have to have their money for research, and 
I know they have to be able to market their products in a free market 
way, but when you have these big pharmaceutical price increases maybe a 
couple of times a year, it is time we do something about it.
  Besides this clawback provision, Grassley-Wyden caps out-of-pocket 
expenses, eliminates the doughnut hole, and in dealing with these price 
increases every year, it caps rising prices at the inflation price 
index. It also

[[Page S1040]]

brings more sunshine and accountability, particularly to the pharmacy 
benefit managers.
  Nobody seems to be able to tell us anything as to what goes on 
between the health insurance companies, the pharmaceutical companies, 
the PBMs, and the local pharmacists and then how that affects the 
consumer. We ought to know exactly where those moneys go and what those 
negotiations are, and Grassley-Wyden does something about that.
  So I urge my colleagues to join Wyden and me in that effort.
  I yield the floor.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from Kansas.


                               H.R. 3076

  Mr. MORAN. Madam President, I have taken the opportunity--well, all 
the time I have been in Congress--to speak in support of Congress 
acting to reform and improve the Postal Service. I am here again today, 
and I am pleased with what I think is going to transpire here within 
the next hour. I again express my strong support for the Postal Service 
Reform Act, and I urge my colleagues to support this critical, 
important piece of legislation.
  The U.S. Postal Service is an indispensable piece of American 
infrastructure nationwide. Back in my home State of Kansas, the rural 
communities are especially reliant on the Postal Service for the 
essential public services the Agency and its employees provide.
  However, due to the closure of numerous rural processing facilities 
in Kansas and post office consolidations and closures, the quality of 
service and efficiency of the Postal Service has significantly 
declined. The reduced effectiveness of the Postal Service hurts 
Americans across the board, but it has the most detrimental impact on 
rural places like Kansas.
  For as long as I have served in Congress, Kansans have detailed to me 
the adverse impact the declining quality of the U.S. Postal Service has 
had on their lives and have expressed the need for reforms to improve 
its efficacy.
  The concerns I hear from Kansans are characteristic of the larger 
picture. The Postal Service is struggling to keep up with its service 
commitments while still maintaining fiscal stability. Over the past 
decade, the Postal Service has slowly--and sometimes quickly--
eliminated services; and in that elimination of services, it created 
what I call a death spiral: shorter hours, fewer post offices, mail 
processing facilities further away and fewer of them.
  This makes life extremely difficult for Kansans, especially rural and 
highly rural Kansans who rely upon the Postal Service to deliver 
essential items like medications because there simply isn't a pharmacy 
for pickup delivery nearby. And the customer looks for delivery 
services outside the U.S. Postal Service when the service is 
insufficient, and the Postal Service continues then to lose more 
revenue.
  For as long as I have been in Congress, I think I have met with every 
Postmaster General, and I have really delivered two messages--one 
related to this point I am making right now, which is the solution to 
the Postal Service's financial condition can't simply be reducing the 
services. I have also suggested that instead of hiring high-priced 
consultants, the Postmaster General and the Postal Service should 
consult with their own employees about suggestions of how to deliver 
better service in a more effective and efficient way and save revenue.
  Serving rural States like my own, I understand well the crippling 
impact that losing postal service would have on rural communities 
across the country; that is why I have repeatedly acted on my 
conversations with Kansans by encouraging congressional focus on Postal 
Service issues and have worked to get postal reform legislation passed 
for nearly a decade.
  My colleague on the Senate floor with me this afternoon, Senator Tom 
Carper of Delaware, I have joined him on many occasions in the past 
several sessions of Congress. We are cosponsors--lead Republican and 
lead Democrat--in reform legislation, and I have met with him and the 
Postmaster General of the U.S. Postal Service numerous times. We 
recognize that smart reforms were needed to make certain the Postal 
Service could compete in this digital age, increase revenue, and not 
become a taxpayer liability.
  Several provisions of the legislation that Senator Carper and I have 
introduced are included in the Postal Service Reform Act we are 
considering today: the elimination of the prefunding requirements of 
retiree health benefits, allowing the Postal Service to enter into 
agreements with other governmental entities for new avenues of revenue, 
and making 6-day delivery permanent by law.
  In so many instances in my conversations with Kansans at a townhall 
meeting or on the street or talking to the newspaper editor, the lack 
of timely delivery of the mail has become increasingly a problem; and 
what would one expect when the Postal Service is closing post offices, 
shortening its hours and, most importantly, closing processing 
facilities?
  I hope to make the case to the U.S. Postal Service after passage of 
this legislation that the postal processing facilities that have been 
closed in Kansas should be considered for reopening--in fact, should be 
reopened. Today, the mail will leave a rural community, go to some 
neighboring State--Nebraska or Texas or Missouri--only to be returned 
to the postal patron who lives a block from the person who mailed the 
letter to begin with. We need the return of those postal processing 
facilities, and their departure had dramatic and consequential effects 
upon the Postal Service.
  I am pleased that the efforts of my colleagues and I have culminated 
now in the Postal Service Reform Act. From listening to Kansans, I have 
recognized for years that Congress must act with the Postal Service on 
a more sustainable path, and this week, the Senate will finally address 
this longstanding issue--address it in a way that a bill will become 
law.
  Congressional action on postal reform will allow the Postal Service 
to continue serving rural America without the possibility of imminent 
service reductions and the uncertainty of the future of the Agency.
  From the veterans waiting on critical medications to be delivered 
from the VA, to the farmer in rural Kansas needing a part for his or 
her machinery, to the grandparent just waiting to send a birthday card 
to a grandchild, this legislation puts us on a path to making certain 
the Postal Service can continue to be relied on to deliver when it 
matters most.
  I thank those who work in the post office and the Postal Service in 
my home State of Kansas, many of whom I know, and--despite the 
challenges presented because of the U.S. Postal Service's decisions 
over the past decade--have worked hard to make sure that the mail is 
delivered and delivered on time and make sure that their customer, the 
postal patron, is cared for.
  To ensure the Postal Service maintains its vital public services, I 
urge my colleagues in the Senate to support the Postal Service Reform 
Act when it arrives on the Senate floor shortly for a vote.
  Madam President, I yield the floor.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from Delaware.
  Mr. CARPER. Madam President, I stand in solidarity with my friend 
from Kansas. I say to Senator Moran: Thank you for your great 
leadership and for allowing me to be your wingman as we do our best, 
not just to save the Postal Service, but to make sure that they are 
robust and germane to the futures--germane to the future and integral 
to the future of our country as they have been for the last 200-plus 
years.
  When folks in Delaware gathered--we had about 25 men who gathered in 
a place called Dover, DE, on December 7, 1787. We voted, after debating 
for 3 days a draft Constitution. We adopted it unanimously and sent it 
off to the other 12 Colonies.
  One element in the Constitution that was sent to us from Philadelphia 
by our Founding Fathers was the creation of a Postal Service--a Postal 
Service. It has been mentioned before that the first Postmaster General 
was Ben Franklin, of all people. What the Founding Fathers had in mind 
was a way to bind us together as a country--to bind us together as a 
country. The idea of being able to communicate through the mail, that 
was important; the idea of fostering greater economic growth, that was 
important. But they also were looking for a way to pull us together as 
a new nation, and the Postal Service was integral to doing that.

[[Page S1041]]

  Over the years, the Postal Service has changed. For the most part, I 
think it has changed in good ways. It used to be people got their mail 
by going to post offices that were maybe in the community where they 
lived or close to the community where they lived, but they had to go to 
the post office to get it.
  Eventually, the mail was delivered to farms and to homes and to 
businesses across the country, and people didn't have to leave their 
homes to get the mail. There was a time, not that long ago, when we 
didn't have the internet, and if we wanted to communicate--we wanted to 
send letters to people or cards to people, a lot of gifts to people--we 
would use the Postal Service.
  Today, we can use the internet. The internet doth taketh from the 
Postal Service--taketh and giveth away. A lot of folks, well, they just 
hit a ``send'' button for a birthday card or a Christmas card or any 
kind of holiday card. They used to send the actual cards; a lot of 
people don't do that anymore.
  If you look at the financial condition of the Postal Service, one of 
the things that has happened most noticeably in the last 10, 15, 20 
years is a drop in first class mail, and a large part of that is from 
the internet. I would like to say again the internet taketh and it 
giveth away.
  One of the great things that comes out of the internet is that a lot 
of people are ordering items over the internet for purchase. A lot of 
people order food, but a lot of people order clothes; they order shoes; 
they order all kinds of things. And you know who has a chance to 
deliver it? The Postal Service. The Postal Service delivers, not just 1 
day a week, but 7 days a week. They are omnipresent.
  And as we hear Johnny Cash--every time I turn on my TV, I hear Johnny 
Cash singing ``I've Been Everywhere, Man,'' and the Postal Service 
still goes everywhere, man.
  They also have a great partnership with--believe it or not--UPS and a 
great partnership with FedEx. FedEx and UPS, they don't want to go to 
every mailbox in the country every day. The Postal Service does it at 
least 6 days a week. And what the Postal Service does in a partnership 
with UPS and FedEx is take a handoff and deliver the last mile, last 5 
miles, last 10 miles to the places that the Postal Service is going to 
go to anyway.
  I mean, one of the challenges that the Postal Service has had to try 
to balance their books, their finances, comes--I remember when I was 
Governor of Delaware and going to the rating agencies, and the rating 
agencies said to us--before they lowered our credit rating a long time 
ago--they said: You don't have a pension fund. You haven't funded your 
pension costs for your pensioners. And so we created a pension fund 
fully funded.
  After we had done that--later on, we finally got a AAA credit rating 
years later. One of the things they said is: You still haven't fully 
offset the healthcare costs for your pensioners. For us, that was a 
concern, but not an enormous concern, because our pensioners had 
access--they were covered under Medicare.
  Unfortunately, for the Postal Service--the Postal Service has paid 
into Medicare for years for their employees. Unfortunately, when those 
retirees reach the age of 65, they don't have full access to the full 
benefits of Medicare. That is not right. These are benefits paid for by 
the employee of the Postal Service, and this legislation fixes that to 
make sure that the right thing is done. The benefits that have been 
paid for through Medicare are actually inured to and flow to the 
pensioners of the Postal Service.
  The other thing that I would mention is 6-day service. I used to 
see--good service by the Postal Service would be maybe 1-day service 
for local maybe in the same city, 2-day service maybe to other parts of 
the State, 3-day service coast-to-coast; and the legislation that is 
before us today calls for delivery within 6 days. For me, that is not 
good enough, and my hope is we can come back and somehow better replace 
or better restore the term service.
  Having said that, the Postal Service has a Board of Governors; and 
every now and then, Presidents have the opportunity to nominate people 
to serve on the Board of Governors. We have the opportunity to vote 
them up or down. We need people on the Board of Governors who are very 
good at figuring out: How do we help the Postal Service monetize the 
burden of going to every single mailbox in the country 6 days a week? 
How do we do that? How do we help the Postal Service turn that into 
financial opportunity, much as they have with UPS and FedEx? And are 
there other ways, as well? Delivering medicines is a great example 
there, and there are other examples--vote by mail. I think we are only 
scratching the surface on vote by mail. Those are all ideas that help 
the Postal Service monetize and realize revenue from this 
responsibility to go to every mailbox in the country.

  One last thing I would mention that is not in this legislation is 
postal vehicles--postal vehicles. There are a bunch of them--I think 
well over 150,000 across the country. Almost every one is gas- and 
diesel-driven.
  You have seen others--UPS, FedEx, Amazon, others with big fleets--are 
transitioning away from gas and diesel, and they are doing it rather 
quickly. We are seeing the same kind of transformation in the vehicles 
that we drive. Why is it important? Because we have way, way, way too 
much carbon dioxide in the air. It is creating not just climate change, 
but it is creating a climate crisis.
  My State--we are the lowest lying State in the country. My State is 
sinking. The seas around us are rising. Down in Louisiana, every 100 
minutes, they lose a piece of land to the ocean the size of a football 
field--every 100 minutes. If you go out on the West Coast, you had 
wildfires each year--last year bigger than my State. Temperatures in 
the Arctic Circle reached, I think, last year, 90 degrees--90 degrees. 
There were more named hurricanes in the last year than any year in 
history. The hottest summers on record.
  Something is going on here, and what it is, is way too much carbon in 
the air. A lot of that carbon is coming from mobile sources, including 
the vehicles we drive, including the fleets like the Postal fleet. The 
Postal Service's fleet is about 25 years old on average. They have the 
opportunity here to update that. The cost of moving to electric 
vehicles and having charging stations is a cost that the Postal Service 
says--I think somewhat generously--that we, as taxpayers, need to help 
underwrite that cost.
  Having said that, the Postal Service and their calculation for buying 
gas and diesel-fired vehicles to replace their fleet, I believe--my 
understanding is they are using, as an assumption for the cost of gas 
and diesel fleet, $2 a gallon charge for gas and diesel going forward--
$2. We would like to see $2, wouldn't we? That is just basically 
understating by half the cost of gas and diesel for future of the 
fleet, and that needs to be fixed.
  We have a great opportunity to make sure that the Postal Service is 
not just delivering the mail rain, snow, or shine, but they are also 
doing so in a way that helps us on the climate crisis side. We can do 
both, and we need to do both.
  I will close by saying this: I want to thank and applaud the 
leadership of our chair and ranking member of the committee of 
jurisdiction here--our chair, Gary Peters, and ranking member, Rob 
Portman. Thank you and your staffs for your work on this and for a lot 
of other folks who have worked on this before--most certainly, Jerry 
Moran and his team.
  I especially want to thank the members of my staff who have worked on 
these issues forever.
  And my friend Susan Collins--Susan is not on the floor right now, our 
Senator from Maine--but she has spent, God knows, plenty of time and 
effort working with me and others on these issues.
  This is not the end. This is not the end in terms of what we need to 
do on Postal. This is maybe the beginning of the end; this the end of 
the beginning, but it is a good end of the beginning. We need to build 
on this and go forward on this, and I hope and pray that that is 
exactly what we do.
  I yield the floor.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. Murphy). The Senator from Rhode Island.
  Mr. REED. Mr. President, I notice the arrival of Senator Hawley. I 
think we are both prepared at this point for me to make a unanimous 
consent request, and I would like to do so now.

[[Page S1042]]

  



             Unanimous Consent Request--Executive Calendar

  Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that the Senate proceed to 
executive session to consider the following nominations: Calendar Nos. 
599, 477, and 472; that the nominations be confirmed; the motions to 
reconsider be considered made and laid upon the table with no 
intervening action or debate; that no further motions be in order to 
the nominations; that any related statements be printed in the Record; 
and that the President be immediately notified of the Senate's action 
and the Senate resume legislative session.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there objection?
  Mr. HAWLEY. Mr. President.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from Missouri.
  Mr. HAWLEY. Mr. President, reserving the right to object, I want to 
say at the outset that it is always a privilege to work with Senator 
Reed on the Armed Services Committee in every capacity we get to work 
together, and I look forward to that going forward.
  What we are being asked to do--the Senate is being asked to do today, 
however, is to fast-track nominees for leadership positions in the 
Department of Defense to carry out a foreign policy that is manifestly 
failing. This administration is careening from one crisis to another, 
endangering the security of the American people, endangering the 
security of the world.
  When the Senator mentioned just a moment ago the situation in 
Ukraine, you don't have to look any further than there to see the 
crisis--the latest crisis that the Biden administration has led this 
Nation into.
  To begin with, the administration failed to deter Vladimir Putin and 
his Russian invasion before it happened. They failed to actually check 
Putin when it would have really mattered.
  How did they do this? Well, for starters, when President Biden came 
to office, he opened up Russia's pipelines, and then he shut down 
America's pipelines. He handed our energy independence that the Senator 
was just mentioning--he handed our energy independence away. He gave it 
away. And who stepped in to fill the void? The Russians.
  What is Russia? It is not so much a country as it is a gas station, 
and Putin is pumping and pumping and pumping. What is financing his war 
in Ukraine? It is not least our energy policies that are giving away 
our energy independence, giving away our energy dominance, and green-
lighting his energy production. That is what Joe Biden did when he 
first came to office--green-lighting his production, shutting down our 
production.
  But what else? President Biden had the opportunity to provide lethal 
military aid to Ukraine last spring when the Ukrainians first requested 
it. He said no. In fact, I believe he said no repeatedly for much of 
the year last year. That turns out to have been a very poor decision.
  Now, today, deterrence having failed, the Russians engaged in an 
illegal invasion of a sovereign nation, threatening the stability of 
Europe, the security of Europe, and, of course, endangering our own 
national security, what is the President doing? What is President Biden 
doing? Is he turning back on American energy production? Is he 
sanctioning the Russian energy sector? No.
  Just today, finally, he was dragged kicking and screaming to finally 
agree that this country will no longer import Russia's blood oil. 
Remember, he had us importing over 670,000 barrels of Russian oil every 
single day. Today, he announced finally, belatedly, we won't do that 
anymore. But what is he doing instead? He is going to every petty 
dictator on the face of the map and begging them to make up the 
difference. We learned that the President's team has been in touch with 
Maduro's regime--the murderous Maduro regime--in Venezuela and is 
preparing to offer them a special package that will ease the 
restrictions, ease the sanctions, ease the punishment on that outlaw 
regime and get them to make up the difference in oil production from 
Russia.

  We learned that the President is potentially planning a trip to Saudi 
Arabia to ask the Saudis to increase their oil production to make up 
the difference from the Russians. I wonder if the topic of Jamal 
Khashoggi will come up in those meetings. I certainly hope it will.
  President Biden once said that he would make Saudi Arabia ``pay the 
price, and make them in fact the pariah that they are.'' I guess that 
is no longer the policy of the U.S. Government because here is what we 
are reduced to under this administration: We are reduced to begging our 
enemies--our enemies, the dictators of the world--we are reduced to 
begging them to bail out a foreign policy that is failing, not least 
because this administration will not allow American workers to turn on 
American energy.
  I take it from the President's remarks and from the President's 
policy that he has no objection in principle to pumping more oil and 
gas. Apparently he doesn't, so this can't be about climate change. He 
is fine with more oil production but not in this country, not by 
American workers. Heaven forbid American workers be put back to work. 
Heaven forbid American workers actually earn more. Heaven forbid the 
American people be able to pay less at the pump, as Joe Biden's prices 
drive gas prices through the roof. No, this is the policy of weakness, 
fecklessness that this President has given us.
  Let's not forget where it began. It began with Afghanistan. And that 
is the reason I am here on the floor today in particular.
  It has been months now--months--since the fall of Afghanistan. This 
administration has lost two nations in the space of barely 6 months. 
The Afghanistan debacle is the worst foreign policy debacle in this 
country's history since Vietnam--although stay tuned, the way this 
administration is going--and what has this Congress done about it? Who 
has been held accountable for it?
  I have come to this floor over and over and over to ask for 
accountability. Has someone been fired? No. Has someone been relieved 
of duty? No.
  I was here just a few weeks ago after the Washington Post reported on 
a 2,000-page investigation done by Central Command into the fall of 
Afghanistan. Since that time, my team and I have been through all 
2,000-plus pages.
  I would just like to point out that we learned about this 
investigative report not from a hearing conducted by this body but from 
an investigative report by a newspaper. I am glad somebody has some 
interest in what happened in Afghanistan. Sadly, it seems not to be 
this Chamber.
  Here are some of the things that we learned in this 2,000-page 
investigative report about Afghanistan:
  We learned from GEN Scott Miller, who was the commander of U.S. 
forces in Afghanistan in early 2021, that he was extremely worried from 
May 2 onward as he saw key districts fall. In fact, General Miller 
testified to us that he warned Secretary Austin and General Milley, 
Chairman of the Joint Chiefs, as early as March or April that the 
Afghan security forces might collapse rapidly once we withdrew forces.
  Now this report documents it and says, indeed, there is evidence that 
he was very worried, that he was warning that the collapse of 
Afghanistan would come quickly, he was warning that it would be 
imminent. But what did the Biden administration do? Did they order the 
evacuation of our civilians? Did they plan for the possible fall of the 
Afghan Government? No. The report goes on to detail that the National 
Security Council and the State Department showed a total lack of 
urgency right up until the final hours before the fall of Kabul.
  We learned that RDML Peter Vasely, who took over for General Miller 
last spring and commanded U.S. forces in Afghanistan during the final 
stages of the withdrawal, provided assessments weeks before the fall of 
Kabul that the trajectory of Afghanistan was in a downward spiral--this 
is a quote from the report--and was likely not recoverable.

  The report goes on to say this: Rear Admiral Vasely ``was trying to 
get the Ambassador to see the security threat for what it really was.'' 
There were as many as 10 districts falling every day, getting closer 
and closer to Kabul. ``The embassy needed to position for withdrawal, 
but the Ambassador didn't get it.''
  These are just a few of the details in this 2,000-page report showing 
that our military commanders warned over and over and over that Kabul 
was on the

[[Page S1043]]

verge of collapse, that the security dangers were mounting, that 
civilians needed to be evacuated, and that we needed to change course, 
and this administration did nothing. What happened as a result? 
Thirteen servicemembers are dead, including one from my own State.
  I will never forget talking to his family, his father, less than 48 
hours after this young man, LCpl Jared Schmitz, lost his life, along 
with 12 others who bravely served this country, giving the uttermost of 
their devotion. But it didn't have to be that way.
  Here is my point: This body should be hearing from these commanders, 
from these men and women who have testified in this report, who have 
given evidence about what happened in Afghanistan. We should be hearing 
from them in public, under oath--no more private briefings; no more 
closed-session briefings. We should hear from Secretary Austin. We 
should hear from General Milley. We should hear from the commanders--
General Miller--under oath. They should come and testify about this 
report.
  We should do our job, and until we do, I will not consent to allow 
the Senate to bypass regular order and fast-track the nominations of 
yet more leadership positions to continue carrying on a failed policy. 
I will not do it.
  There is a crisis in Ukraine. There is a crisis in Afghanistan. 
Crises multiply across the world at the hands of this administration, 
and still, this Congress refuses to reverse course and refuses to 
provide the most basic oversight that it is charged with providing.
  I don't think it is too much to ask, in the face of this, in the face 
of these disasters, that we have the curiosity to at least have an open 
hearing, to at least ask who should be accountable and what should be 
done.
  So I want to say again, I appreciate Senator Reed's earnestness on 
this issue. I appreciate the fact that he doesn't control the floor.
  My final point, I would note, as I look toward the clock here, last 
week, if my memory serves, of the 4 days we were in session, we took a 
total of four votes in the U.S. Senate last week. If these nominees 
were as important as they say they are, we could have voted last week. 
We could have voted earlier today.
  Now, Senator Reed doesn't control the floor, but I might just note to 
the majority leader that maybe instead of taking a vacation tomorrow, 
which I gather is the plan, that maybe the Senate ought to be here and 
working, and maybe we ought to be here and voting, because until there 
is some accountability for what happened in Afghanistan, for what is 
happening with this administration's foreign policy, I am going to ask 
the Senate to observe regular order and do its job and to vote.
  With that, I object.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The objection is heard.
  Mr. REED. Mr. President, I think one of the messages that the Senator 
from Missouri was trying to convey is ``do our job.'' One of our 
fundamental jobs is to review, vote on, and confirm or not confirm 
nominees to critical positions in the Department of Defense, and this 
effort has completely frustrated that goal of doing our job.
  We have seen repeated blockage of nominees who are fully qualified, 
forcing votes--and the gentleman from Missouri is talking about we 
should have had votes this week--forcing votes because one or two 
people object. And, of course, the final outcome is 90 votes, 85 votes 
in favor of the nominee.
  The will of the Senate was very clear: These people should be in 
their office, doing their jobs, helping us maintain our security, not 
subject to the whims and the will of one or two people.
  The nominees I just referred to are three individuals nominated to 
critical positions within the Department of Defense. The Armed Services 
Committee held hearings on all three of these nominations months ago, 
and all three were reported out of the committee by voice vote. I am 
unaware of any objections to these nominees relating to their 
qualifications for the positions for which they have been nominated.
  I need not remind my colleagues that with Russia's invasion of 
Ukraine, a war of choice against a modern, functioning democracy, how 
critical it is to have people in place in the Department of Defense.
  It is very difficult to complain about the policy of the 
administration when there has been a deliberate attempt for more than a 
year to delay critical nominees from taking their position in that 
Department.
  And, more importantly, I think this is a trend that was observed by 
the Commission on the National Defense Strategy under President Trump. 
It said:

       The implementation of the National Defense Strategy must 
     feature empowered civilians fulfilling their statutory 
     responsibilities, particularly regarding issues of force 
     management. . . . Strong civilian oversight is an essential 
     hallmark of civil-military relations codified in the 
     Constitution and embraced throughout the nation's history.

  What is frustrating that principle? Actions like today, where fully 
qualified individuals who pass by voice vote through the committee are 
held up. If there is a weakness--that has been identified by other 
sources in the National Defense Strategy at the Department of Defense--
it is in one case the lack of sufficient civilian leadership and 
continuity, and that is exactly what this action today will continue to 
foster.
  For example, Mr. Ashish Vazirani was reported out of committee on 
December 8 and would become the Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for 
Personnel and Readiness, the No. 2 official in the Department in charge 
of military and civilian policy and the readiness of our Armed Forces.
  Mr. Alex Wagner was reported out of the committee in October of last 
year, and he would become the Assistant Secretary of the Air Force for 
Manpower and Reserve Affairs, the senior official within the Department 
of the Air Force with responsibility for military and civilian 
personnel policy and the readiness of Air Force and Space Force 
personnel.
  Ms. Rachel Jacobson was reported out of the committee in October of 
last year, and she would become the Assistant Secretary of the Army for 
Energy, Installation, and the Environment. She will be responsible for 
managing the Army's physical footprint and, particularly, she will 
oversee contracts that would increase installation resilience and the 
modernization of Army infrastructure, particularly with regard to 
energy, which is one of the issues that we are talking about with great 
emphasis today and in the proceeding several weeks.
  All of these positions are critically important to the Department of 
Defense. And I am unaware of any substantive objection to these 
nominees on the basis of their qualifications. The sooner they assume 
their offices, the better for the Department's ability to tackle the 
challenges on behalf of servicemembers and their families.
  I also think it is important to recognize some of that discussion 
about the situation in Ukraine. The Biden administration sent $650 
million in aid--military assistance and aid--to the Ukrainian 
Government in the last year, far surpassing anything that was done in 
the Trump administration. In fact, we spent many hours here on the 
floor of the U.S. Senate in an impeachment proceeding based on what 
many of us thought was the attempt by then-President Trump to use 
military aid to extract a political concession from President 
Zelenskyy. That is quite a stark difference than what President Biden's 
administration has been doing for the last year.
  There was a reference made to dealing with Saudi Arabia. Well, 
President Trump's first trip overseas was to Saudi Arabia to cavort 
with his friends, the Kings and Princes of Saudi Arabia. His son-in-law 
made multiple trips over there, and it wasn't in the spirit of 
condemnation; it was in the spirit of businesslike behavior, I would 
say. Khashoggi was killed by agents of MBS, the Crown Prince, but the 
details of the report were never released by the Trump administration. 
President Biden released those details, earning, I think, the enmity of 
the Crown Prince. So this story of the ineffectuality of the Biden 
administration is completely, in my view, without basis.
  What we have seen--and I think the Presiding Officer recognizes it as 
a member of the Foreign Relations Committee--is probably the most 
sophisticated development of an alliance to oppose tyranny that we have 
seen in many, many years.
  When the whole world is united by the diplomacy of this 
administration to stand up against Vladimir Putin--

[[Page S1044]]

and I must say practically the whole world. That is an amazing 
demonstration of diplomacy and statesmanship. And it happened because 
of the leadership of the President, the leadership of Secretary 
Blinken, the leadership of Secretary Austin. And, again, when you have 
Switzerland joining in sanctioning a country--the greatest neutral 
nation in the world--that is a remarkable accomplishment.
  We still have a long way to go. The outcome is still very much 
uncertain, but to date, the President and his administration has done 
an extraordinary job.
  Afghanistan is an issue that we have dealt with for 20 years. One of 
the first things we did was to ensure that in the National Defense 
Authorization Act, there was an independent study which will be 
conducted, but it is not going to focus on the last 2 weeks; it is 
going to focus on 20 years. It is going to assess whether the decision 
to invade Iraq was a critical strategic mistake--which I think it was. 
That is why I opposed it originally.
  It is going to look at the Doha agreement, in which the Trump 
administration basically said, ``We are leaving,'' which gave the 
Taliban one of their greatest psychological and, indeed, in a way, 
military weapons because they went from village to village and said: 
Here it is, signed, sealed, and delivered. They are going. And when 
they go, who are you going to be with, Ghani or us?
  So in any way to estimate the culpability, the responsibility of our 
role in Afghanistan, it will take that kind of 20-year look by 
independent experts who are concerned to find the truth, not to find a 
political argument.
  I am just very disappointed that we are going to continue to avoid 
our duty to ensure that there are civilians in the Department of 
Defense who are able to carry out the policy of the United States, 
which is the basic principle of civil and military relations in the 
United States and in the Constitution of the United States.


                                 Energy

  Mr. President, retaining my time, I would now like to resume my 
comments with respect to the energy situation and the United States.
  As I indicated previously, the invasion of Ukraine has revealed the 
vulnerability that our dependence on oil creates for our economy and 
for average Americans trying to fill up their cars and pay their 
heating bills.
  The fact is, the United States has sufficient domestic production to 
meet our energy needs today. We are producing more oil and refined 
product than ever before. Oil production was up more than half a 
million barrels a day from January to December of last year and is 
expected to rise even more this year, which I would assume would mean 
that more and more Americans are working in the oilfields and 
elsewhere. In fact, I believe, last year, the workforce grew about 6.6 
million jobs, which we hadn't seen in the last year or two of the Trump 
administration.
  Unemployment now is hovering around 4 percent. Gross domestic product 
has been significant and much more so than the preceding several years. 
But we do have problems economically, and some of those problems are 
related to the international oil supply. Now, we certainly don't need 
Russian oil and I have said we should stop importing it and I am glad 
that this morning the President announced the United States will 
officially ban the importation of oil from Russia, denying Putin a key 
revenue source for his illegal war. This is something both Democrats 
and Republicans have called for, and the American people should know 
this policy choice will likely affect the price of gasoline.
  But even if we don't use Russian oil, everyone needs to know that 
petroleum is traded on the world market, and the United States is part 
of that world market. The chaos Putin is sowing in Europe will continue 
to have an effect here regardless of where we get our oil. Our energy 
policy of overreliance on fossil fuels is a matter of national 
security, and it is time we embrace all that it entails.
  The reality of a world market, combined with the impact on regular 
Americans who need to fill up their cars, means the United States will 
have to make some tough choices on whom we buy from if we are not 
buying from Russia. We will have to more carefully consider what we are 
exporting, how we will prevent profiteering, and what pain people 
should expect at the pump.
  If the climate crisis, raging fires, historic droughts, and flooding 
aren't enough to convince our colleagues on the other side of the aisle 
of the need to kick our oil addiction, I hope the national security and 
economic vulnerabilities exposed by Russia's invasion of Ukraine will 
be enough. As long as we base our energy future on oil, we choose to 
make ourselves vulnerable.

  Unfortunately, many of my Republican colleagues don't seem to 
recognize that reality. Instead, they focus on never-built pipelines 
geared toward exporting our oil, not using it here in the United 
States. Most of the oil that was going through the pipeline that 
President Biden--I think, because of many, many considerations--decided 
against was destined for exportation, not for use here in the United 
States, or they make claims about energy production under Democratic 
Presidents that either contort or suspend reality. It is time--to 
borrow the phrase from my Rhode Island colleague, Senator Whitehouse--
it is time to wake up. Indeed, their solution to higher gas prices is 
more oil dependency.
  The bottom line is that we need to accelerate the transition to 
clean, renewable energy sources that aren't subject to worldwide 
scarcity and manipulation by our adversary. There are, however, things 
we should do in the short term to help consumers.
  Again, the advocates for the oil companies, the advocates for special 
tax arrangements, the advocates to continue to pump oil and pump oil 
and pump oil are playing right, in my sense, into the hands of Putin 
because if our world economy is based on hydrocarbons, then Russia is 
going to make some money. If our world economy is based on other 
sources of power--alternative sources of power--then his cash register 
is going to ring close to zero.
  I am pleased that President Biden listened to me and others in 
Congress and decided to tap into the Strategic Petroleum Reserve to 
help bring down the price of oil. He wisely coordinated the release of 
60 million barrels with our international partners. The action sends a 
reassuring signal to markets, but we may need to release more to tamp 
down prices. We also need to insist that our Middle East partners do 
more to increase production to help stabilize prices and meet demand in 
Europe.
  We should also ask domestic oil and gas producers to pitch in. 
Despite the other side of the aisle's claims about the economy, Big Oil 
is earning some of its highest profits in years. They are not simply 
passing on the cost--additional cost--to the consumer reluctantly and 
grudgingly and sadly. ExxonMobil and Chevron, for example, reported a 
combined net annual profit of nearly $38.6 billion in 2021, but are 
they investing those profits in new production, particularly when they 
have 14 million acres in unused leases? No. Instead, they are issuing 
higher dividends and buying back stock to boost share prices. These 
windfall profits should be used to help consumers, not their 
billionaire investors.
  Of course, the easiest way to insulate ourselves from higher costs is 
to become more energy efficient. When we consume less, we pay less. 
That is why I have long advocated better fuel economy standards for 
cars and trucks, something that the last administration worked against. 
Yes, the Trump administration tried to derail an increase in gas 
mileage that the automobile companies were in favor of. Even when 
automakers said we should keep the tougher standards, Trump said no. 
Why? Let's be more dependent on gasoline. It is not only to this 
country's oil-producing benefit. Guess what. Putin benefits and others 
benefit.
  Fortunately, the Biden administration has a broader vision for a 
clean energy future that eases the burden on consumers.
  While there is much more to do, the bipartisan infrastructure law 
took important steps on this front. It invested $7.5 billion to build 
out a national network of electric vehicle charges, $5 billion for 
electric buses, and $90 billion to improve public transit systems.
  It also includes $65 billion to upgrade our power infrastructure, 
including by building thousands of miles of new, resilient transmission 
lines to facilitate the expansion of renewable energy. And

[[Page S1045]]

we can't just look at transportation because consumers are also facing 
the pinch on home energy prices.
  Now, last year, I worked to secure $4.5 billion in the American 
Rescue Plan for the Low-Income Home Energy Assistance Program to help 
consumers pay their energy bills. In the coming days, we will pass an 
omnibus appropriations bill to provide base funding for that program, 
which still lacks the resources to help all who qualify for assistance. 
But we need to do more.
  We also need to make other long-term investments. In his State of the 
Union Address last week, President Biden emphasized the need to 
weatherize homes and businesses to be more energy efficient, which in 
turn lowers energy costs and reduces greenhouse gases and emissions, 
and I cannot agree more.
  It is why I have led the fight to fund the Weatherization Assistance 
Program, which received $3.5 billion in the bipartisan infrastructure 
law. This program has helped more than 7 million low-income families 
reduce their energy bills by making their homes more energy efficient.
  It saves participants nearly $300 in energy bills a year, and a 
Department of Energy study found that in 1 year, it reduced carbon 
emissions by more than 2.2 million metric tons, the equivalent to 
taking more than a half a million cars off the road.
  To make the most of this investment, this week, I introduced the 
Weatherization Assistance Program Improvement Act along with Senators 
Collins, Coons, and Shaheen. Our bill would make critical updates, 
including increasing eligibility, raising the per unit funding level 
for weatherization projects, and setting aside funding to make critical 
health and safety repairs in conjunction with weatherization projects. 
Together, these reforms will make the program more effective and will 
help it serve even more households across the country.
  These are significant steps, but we need the full package of climate 
energy reforms that the President has been calling for, including tax 
credits and grants that would make clean energy, clean vehicles, and 
other clean technologies more affordable and better.
  If we do these things, we will make a huge difference in the lives of 
Americans today and for generations to come.
  Just a final thought, I think one of the greatest nightmares that 
Vladimir Putin has is a world that is powered by electricity, not 
generated by hydrocarbons, a world in which the gasoline and oil that 
he has in Russia is not worth $150 a barrel but $1.50 a barrel.
  We can do it, and it will be one of the most significant national 
security endeavors when we accomplish that.
  I yield the floor.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from Ohio.


                               H.R. 3076

  Mr. PORTMAN. Mr. President, I appreciate the comments from my 
colleague from Rhode Island. I would say ``all of the above'' energy, 
so I do support the energy efficiency he was talking about and other 
opportunities to ensure we have the ability to be energy independent. 
But at a time when the price per gallon is over $4, on average, we also 
need to produce more in this country.
  And here we are at a time where we have an Executive order from the 
President, saying we are going to freeze all leases on public lands and 
waters. We have an Executive order from the President, obviously, 
stopping Keystone XL Pipeline.
  We have an Executive action by the President to rewrite the policies 
with regard to permitting that are in the waters of the United States 
that are very important to energy projects. So we have got to do it all 
because, otherwise, without certainty, we are not going to get the oil 
and gas production we should have here to be able to substitute what we 
are getting from places like Russia.
  The President did the right thing by banning the Russian oil, but we 
ought to also be doing the right thing with regard to North American 
production.
  I stand today to support the Postal Service bill that is before us. 
We are nearing the end of a long journey to help the Postal Service and 
to help the Postmaster General to be able to implement needed reforms.
  Last year, Senator Peters--who I see is on the floor here--and I 
introduced the Senate version of the Postal Reform Act. We had 28 
cosponsors, equally divided between Republicans and Democrats.
  Why? Because the Postal Service is not a partisan issue. It is 
something that all of us should agree on. We need to save our Postal 
Service; otherwise, we are going to be in big trouble. In the next few 
years, I believe it would go insolvent otherwise. I believe we would be 
here talking about a big bailout. This is not a bailout. In fact, there 
is no appropriation in this legislation.
  The post office is really important to my constituents--young, old, 
rural, urban, everybody. That is why we have seen such strong 
bipartisan support when this bill passed the House of Representatives 
by a vote of 342 to 92--that rarely happens in the House--and strong 
bipartisan support last night when the Senate cloture vote was 74 to 
17.
  Saving the post office is the right thing to do. Let's face it. The 
fact of the matter is, the Postal Service is delivering less and less 
more profitable first-class mail to more and more places. That economic 
model just does not work, and that is a recipe for ruin if we don't 
adjust to this new reality and make some necessary changes.
  Is it hard to make changes? Of course, it is, but it is the right 
thing to do. We have talked about it for years here. Finally, we came 
together, Republican and Democrat, neither of us got exactly what we 
wanted, both had to make concessions, but we were actually doing the 
right thing for the country here in saving the post office.
  And I regularly hear about this from my constituents across Ohio; I 
am sure you hear the same. You hear it from your veterans. You hear it 
from some of your rural residents who depend on the post office for a 
lot, including their lifesaving medications. Families rely on the post 
office to deliver their rent checks on time, to pay their utility 
bills, to get their Social Security checks.
  In Ohio, we have got no-excuse absentee voting. That has worked 
really well for over a decade now. But if you are a voter in Ohio, you 
want to get your application in time, and you want to get your ballot 
in, in time. That all depends on the post office. Small businesses in 
Ohio reach their customers primarily through direct mail now; that is 
through the post office.
  So this is really important that we put the post office on a sound 
financial footing. And, by the way, it can't be done just with an act 
of Congress.
  What we are doing is complementing what the Postmaster General and 
the postal Board is doing in terms of serious reforms at the post 
office. They work together. In fact, the Postmaster General said this 
bill he strongly supports because it gives him the headroom he needs, 
the financial breathing room he needs to make the other important 
reforms to save the post office.
  What do we do? First, we eliminate a very burdensome prefunding 
requirement for retiree health benefits. Congress mandated this a 
decade or so ago. Regardless of age, current employees have to be 
prefunded. This has crippled the post office financially. By the way, 
no other Federal Agency has to do this, and private sector companies 
don't do this. This is prefunding. The money will be there, but it is a 
matter of having to prefund it that is crippling the post office 
financially.
  Second, we require the post office employees who are retiring, who 
have been paying into Medicare their entire careers, to enroll in 
Medicare Part B and to access Part D--something, by the way, that 
almost every private sector employer does. They are already in Part A.
  Third, we require the Postal Service to maintain its current standard 
of a 6-day-a-week delivery through an integrated delivery network of 
mail and packages together so that those who rely on the Postal Service 
for their medications and other important needs are properly served. 
That 6-day-a-week delivery, by the way, is really important to my 
constituents and to a lot of your constituents if you talk to them 
about it, particularly in the rural areas.
  The Congressional Budget Office estimates that after all of this, 
this bill will result in a savings to the taxpayer. The savings over 
the next 10 years is $1.5 billion.
  I would also like to note what this bill does not do because there 
has been

[[Page S1046]]

some misinformation out there. One, it does not appropriate new funds 
to the post office, period. Two, it does not change the accounting or 
costing structure for packages and letters so it does not disadvantage 
private-sector carriers. That is very important to me. This is the 
status quo that we are putting in place here. It does not change the 
accounting or costing structure for packages and letters.

  Third, it does not allow the Postal Service to enter into new 
commercial services like postal banking. That is also very important to 
me.
  And contrary to the claims of this bill's opponents, this bill does 
not impact the solvency of the Medicare hospital trust fund. That is 
the trust fund we all talk about. It is going belly-up in 2026. It does 
not affect it, period. CBO has actually written us something saying 
that, but it just makes sense. People are already in Part A. And this 
bill does not increase the Medicare Part B and Part D premiums based on 
the CBO analysis. Why? Partly because it is such a small number of 
people. Only 25 percent of postal employees were not already in Part B 
and Part D, so additional ones make very little difference. But part of 
it is they are paying their premiums.
  So let's pass this bill. We also have a budget point of order before 
us that is coming up next. I want to be clear, again, CBO's estimated 
$1.5 billion savings over the 10-year budget window that we have to use 
around here. However, CBO has estimated that this legislation would 
likely increase on budget deficits by $5 billion or more in at least 
one of the four 10-year periods beginning in 2032.
  I would like to make three quick points: First, none of this deficit 
is related to the Medicare hospital insurance trust fund for Part A. 
Again, that is the trust fund that we talk about a lot here because we 
are concerned about it, and it could be exhausted as early as 2026. CBO 
has said that trust fund will not be affected. Second, CBO's deficit 
only addresses on-budget direct spending. It actually excludes all 
future savings to the post office, which are off-budget.
  Let me give you an example of that. The premiums that Postal Service 
employees are going to pay, that is not part of the calculation.
  Third, and finally, this budget point of order ignores that postal 
workers are entitled to Medicare Part B and Part D like any other 
eligible American worker. The bill simply requires future Postal 
Service retirees to access these benefits; the 25 percent that don't 
already do it. Private-sector employers require their retirees to do 
the same thing. Of course, no one raises these budget points of orders 
on them.
  Right now, the post office is in trouble, folks, and if we don't do 
something and do something significant, working with the post office to 
make their own internal reforms, we are going to be in big trouble as I 
said earlier.
  Let's move forward on this bill. Let's make sure the post office is 
healthy going forward for all of our constituents.
  I yield the floor.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from Michigan.
  Mr. PETERS. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent to be recognized 
for 5 minutes of remarks.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without objection, it is so ordered.
  Mr. PETERS. Mr. President, in just a few moments, each of our 
colleagues will have the opportunity to cast a historic vote to pass 
groundbreaking legislation that will ensure that the U.S. Postal 
Service can continue its nearly 250-year tradition of delivering 
service to the American people.
  The Postal Service is one of our Nation's most trusted and storied 
institutions. Since the founding of the United States, the Postal 
Service has become a vital part of the fabric of our Nation for 
generations.
  It has served as an indispensable public service that not only 
delivers critical mail, like medications and financial documents, but 
also helps families all across the country stay connected with each 
other.
  The Postal Service is the only mail carrier that delivers to every 
community across our Nation and serves more than 160 million 
households--no matter how remote.
  However, in recent years, we have seen how burdensome financial 
requirements drove the Postal Service to use cost-cutting measures that 
compromised delivery services. And that is why this bipartisan 
bicameral bill is so vital. It will help the Postal Service overcome 
unfair policies that threaten its ability to effectively service the 
American people.
  Since introducing this bill, I have worked closely with my ranking 
member, Rob Portman, and our 26 other Senate cosponsors from both sides 
of the aisle, as well as Chairwoman Maloney and Ranking Member Comer on 
the House Committee on Oversight and Reform, to craft these consensus 
reforms and secure the strong bipartisan support we have seen in both 
the House and, hopefully soon, in the Senate.
  I am grateful to each of my colleagues for their hard work and for 
their cooperation and their willingness to compromise during this 
process.
  Our legislation, which it has been 15 years in the making, will 
eliminate the unnecessary requirement for the Postal Service to prefund 
the cost of retiree health benefits and will integrate postal retirees 
healthcare with Medicare.
  Together, these reforms will save the Postal Service more than $49 
billion and ensure this essential public service, which is dependent on 
revenues from products and service fees to fund its operations, is set 
on a path for long-term financial stability.
  This historic legislation will also ensure every American knows what 
is going on with the mail in their community by requiring the Postal 
Service to post weekly local performance data online.
  It will also ensure this vital institution continues to deliver mail 
at least 6 days a week. By passing the Postal Service Reform Act, we 
can ensure the Postal Service is able to provide reliable service to 
families and small businesses, veterans, seniors, and rural communities 
who rely on this essential service each and every day for years to 
come.
  By passing this legislation tonight and quickly sending it to 
President Biden's desk, this body can show the Nation that Congress can 
indeed build consensus; we can work on a bipartisan basis and get 
things done for the American people. Together, we can enact historic, 
meaningful change and improve the lives of our constituents.
  I urge my colleagues to vote in support of this long-overdue bill so 
that we can take a historic and significant step to bring the Postal 
Service into the future and ensure it can continue providing essential 
services to the American people, as it has done for nearly 250 years.
  I yield the floor.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. Markey). Under the previous order, all 
postcloture time is expired, amendment No. 4955 is withdrawn, and the 
bill is considered read a third time.
  The amendment (No. 4955) was withdrawn.
  The bill was ordered to a third reading and was read the third time.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from Florida.


                             Point of Order

  Mr. SCOTT of Florida. Mr. President, the pending measure, H.R. 3076, 
Postal Service Reform Act of 2022, would increase on-budget deficits by 
$5 billion or more in at least one of the four 10-year periods 
beginning in 2032.
  This increase violates section 3101 of the 2016 budget resolution, 
which prohibits consideration of legislation that would cause a net 
increase in on-budget deficits in any of the four 10-year periods 
beyond the current budget window.
  I raise a point of order under section 3101(b) of S. Con. Res. 11, 
the concurrent resolution on the budget for fiscal year 2016.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from Vermont.


                            Motion to Waive

  Mr. SANDERS. Mr. President, pursuant to section 3101(c) of the fiscal 
year 2016 budget resolution, I move to waive section 3101 of that 
resolution for purposes of the pending measure, and I ask for the yeas 
and nays.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there a sufficient second?
  There appears to be a sufficient second.
  The yeas and nays are ordered.
  There will be now 2 minutes of debate equally divided prior to a vote 
on the motion to waive.
  The Senator from Florida.

[[Page S1047]]

  

  Mr. SCOTT of Florida. Mr. President, as I have said repeatedly, I 
absolutely support getting something done to reform the Postal Service, 
but it cannot come at the expense to American taxpayers.
  The Federal debt has already surged above $30 trillion, and it just 
keeps growing and growing.
  I wrote to the Congressional Budget Office, asking what the future 
cost of this bill would be to Medicare and how it would impact the 
debt. While they could tell me there would be at least $5 billion in 
new deficits, they couldn't provide data past 2031, when Medicare will 
be most affected by this proposal.
  Here is what we know for certain: This bill doesn't reduce costs; it 
just shifts them from one unfunded government program to another.
  This bill adds at least $6 billion in new costs to Medicare, with no 
way to pay for it, and adds at least $5 billion to long-term Federal 
deficits. That is unacceptable. It is why I am raising a point of order 
today. We have to stop driving America deeper into debt and finally be 
accountable to the American taxpayers.
  I urge my colleague to vote no on the budget point of order.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from Vermont.
  Mr. SANDERS. Mr. President, let me congratulate Senator Peters and 
Senator Portman for their work.
  This is a bill that has been looked at and worked on for a very long 
time, and I am glad that in a few moments we are going to pass it.
  I know that the people of Vermont and all over this country are 
increasingly concerned about the long delays they are experiencing in 
getting the mail they need. Senior citizens and veterans are not 
getting the prescription drugs they need on time. Working families have 
been forced to pay late fees because it is taking much longer than 
normal with the Postal Service to mail their bills. The Postal Service 
Reform Act is a step forward in addressing those concerns, and I am 
very proud to support this bill.
  This is a bill that will save the Postal Service billions of dollars 
a year by ending the absurd Bush-era mandate forcing the Postal Service 
to prefund 75 years of future retiree health benefits for employees who 
haven't even been born yet. It protects 6-day delivery service and 
gives the Postal Service the ability to offer new consumer products and 
services.
  The bottom line is, the Postal Service is enormously important to 
people all over this country. This bill strengthens the Postal Service 
and will guarantee that the people of our country get the quality 
service they demand.
  I yield the floor.


                        Vote on Motion to Waive

  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The question is on agreeing to the motion.
  The clerk will call the roll.
  The legislative clerk called the roll.
  Mr. THUNE. The following Senators are necessarily absent: the Senator 
from Tennessee (Mr. Hagerty) and the Senator from Oklahoma (Mr. 
Inhofe).
  The yeas and nays resulted--yeas 68, nays 30, as follows:

                      [Rollcall Vote No. 70 Leg.]

                                YEAS--68

     Baldwin
     Bennet
     Blumenthal
     Blunt
     Booker
     Boozman
     Brown
     Burr
     Cantwell
     Capito
     Cardin
     Carper
     Casey
     Cassidy
     Collins
     Coons
     Cortez Masto
     Cotton
     Cramer
     Daines
     Duckworth
     Durbin
     Feinstein
     Gillibrand
     Hassan
     Hawley
     Heinrich
     Hickenlooper
     Hirono
     Kaine
     Kelly
     King
     Klobuchar
     Leahy
     Lujan
     Manchin
     Markey
     Marshall
     McConnell
     Menendez
     Merkley
     Moran
     Murkowski
     Murphy
     Murray
     Ossoff
     Padilla
     Peters
     Portman
     Reed
     Rosen
     Rounds
     Sanders
     Schatz
     Schumer
     Shaheen
     Sinema
     Smith
     Stabenow
     Tester
     Tillis
     Van Hollen
     Warner
     Warnock
     Warren
     Whitehouse
     Wicker
     Wyden

                                NAYS--30

     Barrasso
     Blackburn
     Braun
     Cornyn
     Crapo
     Cruz
     Ernst
     Fischer
     Graham
     Grassley
     Hoeven
     Hyde-Smith
     Johnson
     Kennedy
     Lankford
     Lee
     Lummis
     Paul
     Risch
     Romney
     Rubio
     Sasse
     Scott (FL)
     Scott (SC)
     Shelby
     Sullivan
     Thune
     Toomey
     Tuberville
     Young

                             NOT VOTING--2

     Hagerty
     Inhofe
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. On this vote, the yeas were 68, and the nays 
were 30. Three-fifths of the Senators duly chosen and sworn having 
voted in the affirmative, the motion is agreed to.
  The motion was agreed to.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. There will now be 2 minutes of debate equally 
divided prior to a vote on passage of the bill.
  The Senator from Ohio.
  Mr. PORTMAN. Mr. President, I rise in support of the Postal Service 
bill before us. It is important reform. People know this needs to be 
done. The vote in the House of Representatives was 342 to 92. It has to 
be done because the Postal Service's business model just doesn't work--
having to deliver more and more packages and fewer and fewer more 
profitable first-class mail pieces to more and more addresses. So we 
have got to do something to reform it.
  Let me tell you what this bill does do and what it doesn't do--first 
of all, what it does not do. It is not an appropriation, so there is no 
money here going into the Postal Service from the taxpayer. It does not 
change the accounting or the cost structure for packages and letters. 
That way, it does not disadvantage the private sector carriers some 
were worried about. It also does not allow the Postal Service to enter 
into new commercial services like postal banking that we are against. 
Contrary to claims of some of the opponents, it actually does not 
impact the solvency of the trust fund. So the Medicare hospital trust 
fund we all worry about, predicted to expire in about 2026, this does 
not affect it at all. Postal Service employees are already in Part A. 
And it does not increase the Part B or the Part D premiums.
  What this does do is it saves the post office, which is incredibly 
important to all of our constituents--to our veterans who get their 
prescription drugs through the mail, to people who are voting by mail, 
and to people who are relying on the Postal Service to provide them 
with what they need to be able to survive.
  This is an important bill that has been worked on for 15 years. I 
thank my colleague Senator Peters from Michigan for working on a 
bipartisan basis on this.
  Let's get it done tonight.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senate majority leader.
  Mr. SCHUMER. Mr. President, every day, the U.S. Postal Service 
faithfully delivers for the American people. Today, the Senate is 
finally delivering for the post office.
  Today, we can happily say that the postal reform is now signed, 
sealed, and delivered for the American people. Because of today's bill, 
the Postal Service will be stronger, more efficient, and better able to 
serve more people, and we did it on a bipartisan basis.
  For over a decade, the USPS--one of the most important institutions 
in American life--has been on an ominous trajectory: shrinking 
revenues, fewer delivery routes, and finances in desperate need of a 
revamp. These problems led to late deliveries, reduced hours, and 
increased costs. And when the Postal Service suffers, America suffers.
  Today, after much hard work, the Senate is providing the Postal 
Service a much needed reset. The legislation we are about to pass is 
the most significant step that Congress has taken in a long time to 
strengthen USPS. It will guarantee delivery services 6 days a week, put 
the Postal Service on a path to solvency, and will ensure that we care 
for our dedicated postal workers, all while saving dollars.
  This postal reform bill is a win-win-win: a win for bipartisanship, a 
win for our postal workers, and most importantly, a win for the tens of 
millions of Americans who rely on the Postal Service every single day, 
from seniors to veterans, to small businesses, to rural Americans, to 
everyone in between.
  I want to really give a special shout-out to my colleagues who made 
this possible for us to pass this bill. Senators Peters and Portman led 
the charge, Senator Carper worked long in the vineyards on this bill, 
and so many others as well.
  Of course, I want to thank the half a million postal workers who kept 
our country going every single day, especially during the pandemic. 
While so many other services were shut down

[[Page S1048]]

during COVID, the post office kept delivering goods and supplies and 
medicines across the economy. They are public servants of the highest 
order.
  So it is a great day for our postal workers, and it is a great day 
for the American people.
  The bill has been in the works for over a decade, and today, after so 
much work, we are all thrilled to have finally gotten it done.


                           Vote on H.R. 3076

  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The bill having been read the third time, the 
question is, Shall the bill pass?
  Mr. SCHUMER. I ask for the yeas and nays.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there a sufficient second?
  There appears to be a sufficient second.
  The clerk will call the roll.
  The bill clerk called the roll.
  Mr. THUNE. The following Senators are necessarily absent: the Senator 
from Tennessee (Mr. Hagerty) and the Senator from Oklahoma (Mr. 
Inhofe).
  The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Are there any other Senators in the 
Chamber desiring to vote?
  The result was announced--yeas 79, nays 19, as follows:

                      [Rollcall Vote No. 71 Leg.]

                                YEAS--79

     Baldwin
     Barrasso
     Bennet
     Blumenthal
     Blunt
     Booker
     Boozman
     Brown
     Burr
     Cantwell
     Capito
     Cardin
     Carper
     Casey
     Cassidy
     Collins
     Coons
     Cortez Masto
     Cotton
     Cramer
     Daines
     Duckworth
     Durbin
     Ernst
     Feinstein
     Fischer
     Gillibrand
     Graham
     Grassley
     Hassan
     Hawley
     Heinrich
     Hickenlooper
     Hirono
     Hoeven
     Kaine
     Kelly
     Kennedy
     King
     Klobuchar
     Leahy
     Lujan
     Lummis
     Manchin
     Markey
     Marshall
     McConnell
     Menendez
     Merkley
     Moran
     Murkowski
     Murphy
     Murray
     Ossoff
     Padilla
     Peters
     Portman
     Reed
     Rosen
     Rounds
     Sanders
     Schatz
     Schumer
     Shaheen
     Sinema
     Smith
     Stabenow
     Sullivan
     Tester
     Thune
     Tillis
     Van Hollen
     Warner
     Warnock
     Warren
     Whitehouse
     Wicker
     Wyden
     Young

                                NAYS--19

     Blackburn
     Braun
     Cornyn
     Crapo
     Cruz
     Hyde-Smith
     Johnson
     Lankford
     Lee
     Paul
     Risch
     Romney
     Rubio
     Sasse
     Scott (FL)
     Scott (SC)
     Shelby
     Toomey
     Tuberville

                             NOT VOTING--2

     Hagerty
     Inhofe
       
  The bill (H.R. 3076) was passed.

                          ____________________