[Congressional Record Volume 167, Number 201 (Thursday, November 18, 2021)]
[Senate]
[Page S8454]
From the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]





                         SUBMITTED RESOLUTIONS

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    SENATE RESOLUTION 456--EXPRESSING SUPPORT FOR A FREE, FAIR, AND 
           PEACEFUL DECEMBER 4, 2021, ELECTION IN THE GAMBIA

  Mr. DURBIN (for himself, Mr. Risch, Mr. Leahy, Mr. Coons, Mr. Rounds, 
Mr. Boozman, and Mr. Cardin) submitted the following resolution; which 
was referred to the Committee on Foreign Relations:

                              S. Res. 456

       Whereas, in 1965, The Gambia became independent from Great 
     Britain;
       Whereas, in 1970, The Gambia became a republic following a 
     public referendum, and Dawda Jawara was elected president and 
     subsequently reelected an additional five times;
       Whereas, from 1970 to 1994, The Gambia was one of Africa's 
     longest running democracies and home to the continent's human 
     rights body, the African Commission on Human and People's 
     Rights;
       Whereas, in 1994, President Jawara was forcibly removed 
     from office in a coup by the Armed Forces Provisional Ruling 
     Council (AFPRC), led by Lieutenant Yahya Jammeh;
       Whereas, after two years of direct AFPRC rule that was 
     heavily criticized by the international community, a flawed 
     constitutional reform process occurred and The Gambia 
     scheduled a new presidential election;
       Whereas, in the lead up to the September 1996 presidential 
     election, the Jammeh military government outlawed the 
     country's main opposition parties, restricted media freedom, 
     prohibited meetings between rival candidates and foreign 
     diplomats, and used soldiers to attack opposition rallies;
       Whereas Jammeh won the 1996 presidential election in a 
     process widely regarded as flawed by international observers;
       Whereas President Jammeh won reelection in 2001, 2006, and 
     2011 in electoral processes marred by political repression, 
     intimidation, and technical flaws;
       Whereas Jammeh's presidency saw targeted violence and 
     widespread gross human rights violations, particularly 
     against members of the media, including the murder of editor 
     Deyda Hydara and the disappearance of journalist Ebrima 
     Manneh;
       Whereas President Jammeh personally ordered the kidnapping 
     and torture of individuals he accused of ``witchcraft'' and 
     threatened others over their sexual orientation;
       Whereas thousands of Gambians fled into exile out of 
     concern for their safety, becoming refugees in Africa at 
     large and elsewhere;
       Whereas the Jammeh government's human rights record was 
     widely criticized by regional and international human rights 
     groups, as well as the United States, European Union, and 
     members of the United States Senate;
       Whereas, in December 2016, opposition grand coalition 
     candidate Adama Barrow, who campaigned on the promise of 
     electoral and constitutional reform, won an upset election 
     victory against President Jammeh;
       Whereas, immediately after the 2016 election, Jammeh 
     publicly accepted the defeat, but then later rejected the 
     results and refused to depart the presidency;
       Whereas Jammeh's refusal to accept defeat was widely 
     condemned, with the African Union refusing to recognize him 
     as president and the Economic Community of West African 
     States deploying an international intervention force to The 
     Gambia;
       Whereas, on January 19, 2017, Barrow was sworn in as 
     president at the Gambian Embassy in Senegal;
       Whereas, on January 20, 2017, Jammeh and his family 
     departed The Gambia, reportedly stealing more than 
     $1,000,000,000 from state coffers, eventually to appear in 
     Equatorial Guinea, where he remains in political exile with 
     impunity;
       Whereas President Barrow initially agreed to limit his term 
     to a three-year transition ending on January 19, 2020, but 
     later stated his intent to serve the full five-year 
     constitutional term;
       Whereas the Gambian Truth, Reconciliation, and Reparations 
     Commission (TRRC) was established by an act of the Gambian 
     Parliament to examine abuses committed during the Jammeh era 
     and make recommendations as to whom to hold accountable;
       Whereas more than 370 victims and former government 
     officials testified at widely viewed TRRC hearings that 
     documented widespread human rights abuses;
       Whereas the TRRC's anticipated September 2021 final report 
     submission to President Barrow was delayed; and
       Whereas The Gambia will hold the first post-Jammeh era 
     presidential election on December 4, 2021, which will include 
     six presidential candidates: Now, therefore, be it
       Resolved, That the Senate--
       (1) congratulates the Gambian people on the successful 2016 
     presidential election;
       (2) supports the courageous and necessary work of the 
     Truth, Reconciliation, and Reparations Commission to bring 
     accountability, healing, and reconciliation to the nation;
       (3) calls on all parties and presidential candidates to 
     participate in a free, fair, credible, and peaceful December 
     4, 2021, presidential election in The Gambia; and
       (4) expresses the support of the American people in The 
     Gambia's continued and noteworthy democratic path forward.

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