[Congressional Record Volume 167, Number 200 (Wednesday, November 17, 2021)]
[Senate]
[Pages S8386-S8390]
From the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]

  SA 4778. Mr. BOOKER (for himself, Mr. Cornyn, Mr. Coons, Mr. Portman, 
Mr. Graham, and Mr. Carper) submitted an amendment intended to be 
proposed to amendment SA 3867 submitted by Mr. Reed and intended to be 
proposed to the bill H.R. 4350, to authorize appropriations for fiscal 
year 2022 for military activities of the Department of Defense, for 
military construction, and for defense activities of the Department of 
Energy, to prescribe military personnel strengths for such fiscal year, 
and for other purposes; which was ordered to lie on the table; as 
follows:

        At the end of title X, add the following:

                Subtitle H--Preventing Future Pandemics

     SEC. 1071. SHORT TITLE.

       This subtitle may be cited as the ``Preventing Future 
     Pandemics Act of 2021''.

     SEC. 1072. DEFINITIONS.

       In this subtitle:
       (1) Wildlife market.--The term ``wildlife market''--
       (A) means a commercial market or subsection of a commercial 
     market--
       (i) where live mammalian or avian wildlife is held, 
     slaughtered, or sold for human consumption as food or 
     medicine whether the animals originated in the wild or in a 
     captive environment; and
       (ii) that delivers a product in communities where 
     alternative nutritional or protein sources are readily 
     available and affordable; and
       (B) does not include--
       (i) markets in areas where no other practical alternative 
     sources of protein or meat

[[Page S8387]]

     exists, such as wildlife markets in rural areas on which 
     indigenous people and rural local communities rely to feed 
     themselves and their families; and
       (ii) dead wild game and fish processors.
       (2) Commercial trade in live wildlife.--The term 
     ``commercial trade in live wildlife''--
       (A) means commercial trade in live wildlife for human 
     consumption as food or medicine; and
       (B) does not include--
       (i) fish;
       (ii) invertebrates;
       (iii) amphibians and reptiles; and
       (iv) the meat of ruminant game species--

       (I) traded in markets in countries with effective 
     implementation and enforcement of scientifically based, 
     nationally implemented policies and legislation for 
     processing, transport, trade, and marketing; and
       (II) sold after being slaughtered and processed under 
     sanitary conditions.

       (3) One health.--The term ``One Health'' means a 
     collaborative, multi-sectoral, and transdisciplinary approach 
     working at the local, regional, national, and global levels 
     with the goal of achieving optimal health outcomes that 
     recognizes the interconnection between--
       (A) people, animals, both wild and domestic, and plants; 
     and
       (B) the environment shared by such people, animals, and 
     plants.
       (4) Appropriate congressional committees.--The term 
     ``appropriate congressional committees'' means--
       (A) the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate;
       (B) the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate;
       (C) the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of 
     Representatives; and
       (D) the Committee on Appropriations of the House of 
     Representatives.

     SEC. 1073. STUDY ON RISK OF WILDLIFE MARKETS ON THE EMERGENCE 
                   OF NOVEL VIRAL PATHOGENS.

       (a) Study.--Not later than 30 days after the date of the 
     enactment of this Act, the Secretary of State, in 
     consultation with the Administrator of the United States 
     Agency for International Development, the Secretary of Health 
     and Human Services, the Secretary of the Interior, and the 
     Secretary of Agriculture shall enter into an agreement with 
     the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine 
     to evaluate the risk wildlife markets pose to human health 
     through the emergence or reemergence of pathogens and 
     activities to reduce the risk of zoonotic spillover. The 
     study shall evaluate--
       (1) the impact of physical proximity to and the role of 
     human use of terrestrial wildlife for food or medicine on the 
     emergence or reemergence of pathogens, including novel 
     pathogens;
       (2) the conditions at live wildlife markets and within the 
     associated supply chain that elevate risk factors leading to 
     such emergence, reemergence, or transmission of pathogens, 
     including sanitary conditions and the physical proximity of 
     animals;
       (3) animal taxa that present a high risk of contributing to 
     zoonotic spillover and the associated risk factors that 
     increase the emergence, reemergence, or transmission of 
     pathogens;
       (4) emerging pathogen risk reduction measures and control 
     options across wildlife markets and the associated supply 
     chain; and
       (5) the methods by which the United States might work with 
     international partners to effectively promote diversified, 
     culturally appropriate alternative sources of nutritious 
     food, protein, and related income in communities that 
     currently rely upon the human use of wildlife as food or 
     medicine for subsistence, while ensuring that existing 
     natural habitats are not fragmented, degraded, or destroyed 
     and that human pressure on natural habitats is not increased 
     by this process.
       (b) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of the 
     agreement under subsection (a), the Secretaries described in 
     such subsection shall submit a report on the findings of the 
     study described in such subsection to--
       (1) the appropriate congressional committees;
       (2) the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions 
     and the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of 
     the Senate; and
       (3) the Committee on Energy and Commerce and the Committee 
     on Agriculture of the House of Representatives.
       (c) Authorization of Appropriations..--There is authorized 
     to be appropriated such sums as are necessary for the 
     development of the study described in this section.

     SEC. 1074. DETERMINATION OF RISK.

       Not later than 90 days after the completion of the study in 
     section 1073, the Director of the Centers for Disease Control 
     and Prevention, in coordination with the heads of other 
     relevant departments and agencies, including the Department 
     of Agriculture, the Department of the Interior, and the 
     United States Agency for International Development, and after 
     consideration of such study after public notice and comment, 
     shall publicly release a list of taxa that the Director, 
     taking into account other risk factors examined in the study, 
     determines present a high risk of contributing to the 
     spillover of zoonotic pathogens capable of causing pandemics. 
     The list shall be reviewed annually and updated as necessary 
     by the Director, following additional public notice and 
     comment.

     SEC. 1075. SENSE OF CONGRESS.

       It is the sense of Congress that global institutions, 
     including the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United 
     Nations (FAO), the World Organisation for Animal Health 
     (OIE), the World Health Organization (WHO), and the United 
     Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), together with leading 
     intergovernmental and nongovernmental organizations, 
     veterinary and medical colleges, the Department of State, and 
     the United States Agency for International Development 
     (USAID), should promote the paradigm of One Health as an 
     effective and integrated way to address the complexity of 
     emerging disease threats, and should support improved 
     community health, biodiversity conservation, forest 
     conservation and management, sustainable agriculture, and 
     safety of livestock, domestic animals, and wildlife in 
     developing countries, particularly in tropical landscapes 
     where there is an elevated risk of zoonotic disease spill 
     over.

     SEC. 1076. STATEMENT OF POLICY.

       It is the policy of the United States to--
       (1) support the availability of scalable and sustainable 
     alternative sources of protein and nutrition for local 
     communities, where appropriate, in order to minimize human 
     reliance on the commercial trade in live wildlife for human 
     consumption;
       (2) support foreign governments to--
       (A) reduce commercial trade in live wildlife for human 
     consumption;
       (B) transition from the commercial trade in live wildlife 
     for human consumption to sustainably produced alternate 
     protein and nutritional sources;
       (C) establish and effectively manage and protect natural 
     habitat, including protected and conserved areas and the 
     lands of Indigenous peoples and local communities, 
     particularly in countries with tropical forest hotspots for 
     emerging diseases; and
       (D) strengthen public health capacity, particularly in 
     countries where there is a high risk of emerging zoonotic 
     viruses and other infectious diseases;
       (3) respect the rights and needs of indigenous peoples and 
     local communities dependent on such wildlife for nutritional 
     needs and food security; and
       (4) facilitate international cooperation by working with 
     international partners through intergovernmental, 
     international, and nongovernmental organizations such as the 
     United Nations to--
       (A) lead a resolution at the United Nations Security 
     Council or General Assembly and World Health Assembly 
     outlining the danger to human and animal health from emerging 
     zoonotic infectious diseases, with recommendations for 
     implementing the closure of wildlife markets and prevention 
     of the commercial trade in live wildlife for human 
     consumption, except where the consumption of wildlife is 
     necessary for local food security or where such actions would 
     significantly disrupt a readily available and irreplaceable 
     food supply;
       (B) raise awareness and build stakeholder engagement 
     networks, including civil society, the private sector, and 
     local and regional governments on the dangerous potential of 
     wildlife markets as a source of zoonotic diseases and reduce 
     demand for the consumption of wildlife through evidence-based 
     behavior change programs, while ensuring that existing 
     wildlife habitat is not encroached upon or destroyed as part 
     of this process;
       (C) encourage and support alternative forms of sustainable 
     food production, farming, and shifts to sustainable sources 
     of protein and nutrition instead of terrestrial wildlife, 
     where able and appropriate, and reduce consumer demand for 
     terrestrial and freshwater wildlife through enhanced local 
     and national food systems, especially in areas where wildlife 
     markets play a significant role in meeting subsistence needs 
     while ensuring that existing wildlife habitat is not 
     encroached upon or destroyed as part of this process; and
       (D) strive to increase biosecurity and hygienic standards 
     implemented in farms, gathering centers, transport, and 
     market systems around the globe, especially those 
     specializing in the provision of products intended for human 
     consumption.

     SEC. 1077. PREVENTION OF FUTURE ZOONOTIC SPILLOVER EVENTS.

       (a) In General.--The Secretary of State and the 
     Administrator of the United States Agency for International 
     Development, in consultation with the Director of the United 
     States Fish and Wildlife Service, the Secretary of 
     Agriculture, the Director of the Centers for Disease Control 
     and Prevention, and the heads of other relevant departments 
     and agencies, shall work with foreign governments, 
     multilateral entities, intergovernmental organizations, 
     international partners, private sector partners, and 
     nongovernmental organizations to carry out activities 
     supporting the following objectives, recognizing that 
     multiple interventions will likely be necessary to make an 
     impact, and that interventions will need to be tailored to 
     the situation to--
       (1) immediately close wildlife markets which contain taxa 
     listed pursuant to section 1074 and uncontrolled, unsanitary, 
     or illicit wildlife markets and prevent associated commercial 
     trade in live wildlife, placing a priority focus on countries 
     with significant markets for live wildlife for human 
     consumption, high-volume commercial trade and associated 
     markets, trade in and across

[[Page S8388]]

     urban centers, and trade for luxury consumption or where 
     there is no dietary necessity--
       (A) through existing treaties, conventions, and agreements;
       (B) by amending existing protocols or agreements;
       (C) by pursuing new protocols; or
       (D) by other means of international coordination;
       (2) improve regulatory oversight and reduce commercial 
     trade in live wildlife and eliminate practices identified to 
     contribute to zoonotic spillover and emerging pathogens;
       (3) prevent commercial trade in live wildlife through 
     programs that combat wildlife trafficking and poaching, 
     including by--
       (A) providing assistance to improve law enforcement;
       (B) detecting and deterring the illegal import, transit, 
     sale, and export of wildlife;
       (C) strengthening such programs to assist countries through 
     legal reform;
       (D) improving information sharing and enhancing 
     capabilities of participating foreign governments;
       (E) supporting efforts to change behavior and reduce demand 
     for such wildlife products;
       (F) leveraging United States private sector technologies 
     and expertise to scale and enhance enforcement responses to 
     detect and prevent such trade; and
       (G) strengthening collaboration with key private sector 
     entities in the transportation industry to prevent and report 
     the transport of such wildlife and wildlife products;
       (4) leverage strong United States bilateral relationships 
     to support new and existing inter-Ministerial collaborations 
     or Task Forces that can serve as regional One Health models;
       (5) build local agricultural and food safety capacity by 
     leveraging expertise from the United States Department of 
     Agriculture (USDA) and institutions of higher education with 
     agricultural or natural resource expertise;
       (6) work through international organizations to develop a 
     set of objective risk-based metrics that provide a cross-
     country comparable measure of the level of risk posed by 
     wildlife trade and marketing and can be used to track 
     progress nations make in reducing risks, identify where 
     resources should be focused, and potentially leverage a peer 
     influence effect;
       (7) prevent the degradation and fragmentation of forests 
     and other intact ecosystems to minimize interactions between 
     wildlife and human and livestock populations that could 
     contribute to spillover events and zoonotic disease 
     transmission, including by providing assistance or supporting 
     policies to, for example--
       (A) conserve, protect, and restore the integrity of such 
     ecosystems;
       (B) support the rights and needs of Indigenous People and 
     local communities and their ability to continue their 
     effective stewardship of their traditional lands and 
     territories;
       (C) support the establishment and effective management of 
     protected areas, prioritizing highly intact areas; and
       (D) prevent activities that result in the destruction, 
     degradation, fragmentation, or conversion of intact forests 
     and other intact ecosystems and biodiversity strongholds, 
     including by governments, private sector entities, and 
     multilateral development financial institutions;
       (8) offer appropriate alternative livelihood and worker 
     training programs and enterprise development to wildlife 
     traders, wildlife breeders, and local communities whose 
     members are engaged in the commercial trade in live wildlife 
     for human consumption;
       (9) ensure that the rights of Indigenous Peoples and local 
     communities are respected and their authority to exercise 
     these rights is protected;
       (10) strengthen global capacity for prevention, prediction, 
     and detection of novel and existing zoonoses with pandemic 
     potential, including the support of innovative technologies 
     in coordination with the United States Agency for 
     International Development, the Centers for Disease Control 
     and Prevention, and other relevant departments and agencies; 
     and
       (11) support the development of One Health systems at the 
     local, regional, national, and global levels in coordination 
     with the United States Agency for International Development, 
     the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and other 
     relevant departments and agencies, particularly in emerging 
     infectious disease hotspots, through a collaborative, 
     multisectoral, and transdisciplinary approach that recognizes 
     the interconnections among people, animals, plants, and their 
     shared environment to achieve equitable and sustainable 
     health outcomes.
       (b) Activities.--
       (1) Global cooperation.--The United States Government, 
     working through the United Nations and its components, as 
     well as international organization such as Interpol, the Food 
     and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, and the 
     World Organisation for Animal Health, and in furtherance of 
     the policies described in section 1076, shall--
       (A) collaborate with other member states, issue 
     declarations, statements, and communiques urging countries to 
     close wildlife markets, and prevent commercial trade in live 
     wildlife for human consumption; and
       (B) urge increased enforcement of existing laws to end 
     wildlife trafficking.
       (2) International coalitions.--The Secretary of State shall 
     seek to build new, and support existing, international 
     coalitions focused on closing wildlife markets and preventing 
     commercial trade in live wildlife for human consumption, with 
     a focus on the following efforts:
       (A) Providing assistance and advice to other governments in 
     the adoption of legislation and regulations to close wildlife 
     markets and associated trade over such timeframe and in such 
     manner as to minimize the increase of wildlife trafficking 
     and poaching.
       (B) Creating economic and enforcement pressure for the 
     immediate shut down of wildlife markets which contain taxa 
     listed pursuant to section 1074 and uncontrolled, unsanitary, 
     or illicit wildlife markets and their supply chains to 
     prevent their operation.
       (C) Providing assistance and guidance to other governments 
     on measures to prohibit the import, export, and domestic 
     commercial trade in live wildlife for the purpose of human 
     consumption.
       (D) Implementing risk reduction interventions and control 
     options to address zoonotic spillover along the supply chain 
     for the wildlife market system.
       (E) Engaging and receiving guidance from key stakeholders 
     at the ministerial, local government, and civil society 
     level, including Indigenous Peoples, in countries that will 
     be impacted by this subtitle and where wildlife markets and 
     associated wildlife trade are the predominant source of meat 
     or protein, in order to mitigate the impact of any 
     international efforts on food security, nutrition, local 
     customs, conservation methods, or cultural norms.
       (F) Promoting private sector engagement and public-private 
     partnerships with industry groups (such as the transportation 
     industry) to address transport and movement of live wildlife 
     to supply the commercial trade in live wildlife for human 
     consumption.
       (c) United States Agency for International Development.--
       (1) Sustainable food systems funding.--
       (A) Authorization of appropriations.--In addition to any 
     other amounts provided for such purposes, there is authorized 
     to be appropriated such sums as necessary for each fiscal 
     year from 2021 through 2030 to the United States Agency for 
     International Development to reduce demand for consumption of 
     wildlife from wildlife markets and support shifts to 
     diversified alternative and sustainably produced sources of 
     nutritious food and protein in communities that rely upon the 
     consumption of wildlife for food security, while ensuring 
     that existing wildlife habitat is not encroached upon or 
     destroyed as part of this process, using a multisectoral 
     approach and including support for demonstration programs.
       (B) Activities.--The Bureau for Development, Democracy and 
     Innovation (DDI), the Bureau for Resilience and Food Security 
     (RFS), and the Bureau for Global Health (GH) of the United 
     States Agency for International Development shall, in 
     partnership with United States and international institutions 
     of higher education and nongovernmental organizations, co-
     develop approaches focused on safe, sustainable food systems 
     that support and incentivize the replacement of terrestrial 
     wildlife in diets, while ensuring that existing wildlife 
     habitat is not encroached upon or destroyed as part of this 
     process.
       (2) Addressing threats and causes of zoonotic disease 
     outbreaks.--The Administrator of the United States Agency for 
     International Development, in consultation with the Secretary 
     of the Interior, shall increase activities in United States 
     Agency for International Development programs related to 
     conserving biodiversity, combating wildlife trafficking, 
     sustainable landscapes, global health, food security, and 
     resilience in order to address the threats and causes of 
     zoonotic disease outbreaks, including through--
       (A) education;
       (B) capacity building;
       (C) strengthening human, livestock, and wildlife health 
     monitoring systems of pathogens of zoonotic origin to support 
     early detection and reporting of novel and known pathogens 
     for emergence of zoonotic disease and strengthening cross-
     sectoral collaboration to align risk reduction approaches in 
     consultation with the Director of the Centers for Disease 
     Control and the Secretary of Health and Human Services;
       (D) improved domestic and wild animal disease monitoring 
     and control at production and market levels;
       (E) development of alternative livelihood opportunities 
     where possible;
       (F) preventing degradation and fragmentation of forests and 
     other intact ecosystems and restoring the integrity of such 
     ecosystems, particularly in tropical countries, to prevent 
     the creation of new pathways for zoonotic pathogen 
     transmission that arise from interactions among wildlife, 
     humans, and livestock populations;
       (G) minimizing interactions between domestic livestock and 
     wild animals in markets and captive production;
       (H) supporting shifts from wildlife markets to diversified, 
     safe, affordable, and accessible alternative sources of 
     protein and nutrition through enhanced local and national 
     food systems while ensuring that existing wildlife habitat is 
     not encroached upon or destroyed as part of this process;

[[Page S8389]]

       (I) improving community health, forest management 
     practices, and safety of livestock production in tropical 
     landscapes, particularly in hotspots for zoonotic spillover 
     and emerging infectious diseases;
       (J) preventing degradation and fragmentation of forests and 
     other intact ecosystems, particularly in tropical countries, 
     to minimize interactions between wildlife, human, and 
     livestock populations that could contribute to spillover 
     events and zoonotic disease transmission, including by 
     providing assistance or supporting policies to--
       (i) conserve, protect, and restore the integrity of such 
     ecosystems; and
       (ii) support the rights of Indigenous People and local 
     communities and their ability to continue their effective 
     stewardship of their intact traditional lands and 
     territories; and
       (K) supporting development and use of multi-data sourced 
     predictive models and decisionmaking tools to identify areas 
     of highest probability of zoonotic spillover and to determine 
     cost-effective monitoring and mitigation approaches; and
       (L) other relevant activities described in section 1076 
     that are within the mandate of the United States Agency for 
     International Development.
       (3) Immediate relief funding to stabilize protected 
     areas.--The Administrator of the United States Agency for 
     International Development and the Secretary of State are 
     authorized to administer immediate relief funding to 
     stabilize protected areas and conservancies.
       (d) Staffing Requirements.--The Administrator of the United 
     States Agency for International Development, in collaboration 
     with the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, the United 
     States Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health 
     Inspection Service, the Centers for Disease Control and 
     Prevention, and other Federal entities as appropriate, is 
     authorized to hire additional personnel--
       (1) to undertake programs aimed at reducing the risks of 
     endemic and emerging infectious diseases and exposure to 
     antimicrobial resistant pathogens;
       (2) to provide administrative support and resources to 
     ensure effective and efficient coordination of funding 
     opportunities and sharing of expertise from relevant United 
     States Agency for International Development bureaus and 
     programs, including emerging pandemic threats;
       (3) to award funding to on-the-ground projects;
       (4) to provide project oversight to ensure accountability 
     and transparency in all phases of the award process; and
       (5) to undertake additional activities under this subtitle.
       (e) Reporting Requirements.--
       (1) United states department of state.--
       (A) In general.--Not later than 180 days after the date of 
     the enactment of this Act, and annually thereafter until 
     2030, the Secretary of State and the Administrator of the 
     United States Agency for International Development shall 
     submit to the appropriate congressional committees a report--
       (i) describing--

       (I) the actions taken pursuant to this subtitle, including 
     through the application of findings and recommendations 
     generated from the study required by section 1073 and the 
     provision of United States technical assistance;
       (II) the impact and effectiveness of international 
     cooperation on shutting down wildlife markets;
       (III) the impact and effectiveness of international 
     cooperation on disrupting, deterring, and ultimately ending 
     wildlife trafficking; and
       (IV) the impact and effectiveness of international 
     cooperation on preventing the import, export, and domestic 
     commercial trade in live wildlife for the purpose of human 
     use as food or medicine, while accounting for the 
     differentiated needs of vulnerable populations who depend 
     upon such wildlife as a predominant source of meat or 
     protein; and

       (ii) identifying--

       (I) foreign countries that continue to enable the operation 
     of wildlife markets as defined by this subtitle and the 
     associated trade of wildlife products for human use as food 
     or medicine that feeds such markets;
       (II) foreign governments, networks, or individuals who aid 
     and abet or otherwise facilitate illicit wildlife 
     trafficking; and
       (III) recommendations for incentivizing or enforcing 
     compliance with laws and policies to close wildlife markets 
     that contain taxa listed pursuant to section 1074 and 
     uncontrolled, unsanitary, or illicit wildlife markets and end 
     the associated commercial trade in live wildlife for human 
     use as food or medicine, which may include visa restrictions 
     and other diplomatic or economic tools.

       (B) Form.--The report required under this paragraph shall 
     be submitted in unclassified form, but may include a 
     classified annex.
       (2) United states agency for international development.--
     Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of 
     this Act, the Administrator of the United States Agency for 
     International Development shall submit to the appropriate 
     congressional committees a report--
       (A) describing the actions taken pursuant to this subtitle;
       (B) describing the impact and effectiveness of key 
     strategies for reducing demand for consumption of such 
     wildlife and associated wildlife markets;
       (C) summarizing additional personnel hired with funding 
     authorized under this subtitle, including the number hired in 
     each bureau; and
       (D) describing partnerships developed with other 
     institutions of higher learning and nongovernmental 
     organizations.

     SEC. 1078. PROHIBITION OF IMPORT, EXPORT, AND SALE OF CERTAIN 
                   LIVE WILD ANIMALS FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION.

       (a) Prohibition.--
       (1) In general.--Chapter 3 of title 18, United States Code, 
     is amended by inserting after section 43 the following:

     ``SEC. 44. PROHIBITION OF IMPORT, EXPORT, AND SALE OF CERTAIN 
                   LIVE WILD ANIMALS FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION.

       ``(a) Definitions.--In this section--
       ``(1) the phrase `human consumption' shall include all 
     consumption as food or medicine except consumption that is 
     incidental to legal and regulated hunting, fishing, or 
     trapping activities for subsistence, sport, or recreation;
       ``(2) the term `live wild animal' means a live wild mammal, 
     bird, reptile, or amphibian, whether or not bred, hatched, or 
     born in captivity with the exception of ruminants; and
       ``(3) the term `wild' has the meaning given that term in 
     section 42.
       ``(b) Prohibitions.--It shall be unlawful for any person--
       ``(1) to import or export any live wild animal for human 
     consumption as food or medicine;
       ``(2) to sell for human consumption as food or medicine a 
     live wild animal, including through sale or purchase at a 
     live animal market; or
       ``(3) to attempt to commit any act described in paragraph 
     (1) or (2).
       ``(c) Penalties.--
       ``(1) In general.--Any person who knowingly violates 
     subsection (b) shall be fined not more than $100,000, 
     imprisoned for not more than 5 years, or both.
       ``(2) Multiple violations.--Each violation of subsection 
     (b) shall constitute a separate offense.
       ``(3) Venue.--A violation of subsection (b) may be 
     prosecuted in the judicial district in which the violation 
     first occurred and any judicial district in which the 
     defendant sold the live wild animal.
       ``(d) Enforcement.--The provisions of this section, and any 
     regulations issued pursuant thereto, shall be enforced by the 
     Secretary of the Interior. The Secretary of the Interior may 
     utilize by agreement, with or without reimbursement, the 
     personnel, services, equipment, and facilities of any other 
     Federal agency or any State agency or Indian Tribe for 
     purposes of enforcing this section.''.
       (2) Conforming amendment.--The table of sections for 
     chapter 3 of title 18, United States Code, is amended by 
     inserting after the item relating to section 43 the 
     following:

``44. Prohibition of import, export, and sale of certain live wild 
              animals for human consumption.''.
       (b) Funding.--There is authorized to be appropriated to 
     carry out section 44 of title 18, United States Code, as 
     added by subsection (a)--
       (1) $25,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2021 through 2030 
     for the United States Fish and Wildlife Service; and
       (2) $10,000, 000 for each of fiscal years 2021 through 2030 
     for the Department of Justice.

     SEC. 1079. LAW ENFORCEMENT ATTACHE DEPLOYMENT.

       (a) In General.--Beginning in fiscal year 2021, the 
     Secretary of the Interior, acting through the Director of the 
     United States Fish and Wildlife Service, in consultation with 
     the Secretary of State, shall require the Chief of Law 
     Enforcement of the United States Fish and Wildlife Service to 
     hire, train, and deploy not fewer than 50 new United States 
     Fish and Wildlife Service law enforcement attaches, and 
     appropriate additional support staff, at one or more United 
     States embassies, consulates, commands, or other facilities--
       (1) in one or more countries designated as a focus country 
     or a country of concern in the most recent report submitted 
     under section 201 of the Eliminate, Neutralize, and Disrupt 
     Wildlife Trafficking Act of 2016 (16 U.S.C. 7621); and
       (2) in such additional countries or regions, as determined 
     by the Secretary of Interior, that are known or suspected to 
     be a source of illegal trade of species listed--
       (A) as threatened species or endangered species under the 
     Endangered Species Act of 1973 (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.); or
       (B) under appendix I of the Convention on International 
     Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, done at 
     Washington March 3, 1973 (27 UST 1087; TIAS 8249).
       (b) Funding.--There is authorized to be appropriated to 
     carry out this section $150,000,000 for each of fiscal years 
     2021 through 2030.

     SEC. 1080. ONE HEALTH TASK FORCE.

       (a) Establishment.--There is established a task force to be 
     known as the ``One Health Task Force''.
       (b) Duties of Task Force.--The duties of the Task Force 
     shall be to--
       (1) ensure an integrated approach across the Federal 
     Government and globally to the prevention of, early detection 
     of, preparedness for, and response to zoonotic spillover and 
     the outbreak and transmission of zoonotic diseases that may 
     pose a threat to public health security;
       (2) not later than 1 year after the date of the enactment 
     of this Act, develop and publish, on a publicly accessible 
     website, a plan

[[Page S8390]]

     for global biosecurity and zoonotic disease prevention and 
     response that leverages expertise in public health, consumer 
     education and communication, behavior change, wildlife 
     health, wildlife conservation, livestock production, 
     veterinary health, food safety, sustainable forest 
     management, community-based conservation, rural food 
     security, and indigenous rights to coordinate zoonotic 
     disease surveillance internationally, including support for 
     One Health institutions around the world that can prevent and 
     provide early detection of zoonotic outbreaks; and
       (3) expand the scope of the implementation of the White 
     House's Global Health Security Strategy to more robustly 
     support the prevention of zoonotic spillover and respond to 
     zoonotic disease investigations and outbreaks by establishing 
     a 10-year strategy with specific Federal Government domestic 
     and international goals, priorities, and timelines for 
     action, including to--
       (A) recommend policy actions and mechanisms in developing 
     countries to reduce the risk of zoonotic spillover and 
     zoonotic disease emergence and transmission, including in 
     support of those activities described in section 1077;
       (B) identify new mandates, authorities, and incentives 
     needed to strengthen the global zoonotic disease plan under 
     paragraph (2);
       (C) define and list priority areas as countries or regions 
     determined to be of high risk for zoonotic disease emergence, 
     as well as based on, but not limited to, factors that include 
     wildlife biodiversity, livestock production, human population 
     density, and active drivers of disease emergence such as land 
     use change, including forest degradation and loss, 
     intensification of livestock production, and wildlife trade;
       (D) prioritize engagement in programs that target tropical 
     countries and regions experiencing high rates of biodiversity 
     loss, deforestation, forest degradation, and land conversion 
     and countries with significant markets for live wildlife for 
     human consumption; and
       (E) identify and recommend actions to address existing gaps 
     in efforts to prevent and respond to domestic zoonotic 
     disease emergence and transmission.
       (c) Membership.--
       (1) In general.--The members of the Task Force established 
     pursuant to subsection (a) shall be composed of 
     representatives from each of the following agencies:
       (A) One permanent Chairperson at the level of Deputy 
     Assistant Secretary or above from the following agencies, to 
     rotate every 2 years in an order to be determined by the 
     Administrator:
       (i) The Department of Agriculture or the Animal and Plant 
     Health Inspection Service.
       (ii) The Department of Health and Human Services or the 
     Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
       (iii) The Department of the Interior or the United States 
     Fish and Wildlife Service.
       (iv) The Department of State.
       (v) The United States Agency for International Development.
       (vi) The National Security Council.
       (B) At least 13 additional members, with at least 1 from 
     each of the following agencies:
       (i) The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
       (ii) The Department of Agriculture.
       (iii) The Department of Defense.
       (iv) The Department of State.
       (v) The Environmental Protection Agency.
       (vi) The National Science Foundation.
       (vii) The National Institutes of Health.
       (viii) The National Institute of Standards and Technology.
       (ix) The Office of Science and Technology Policy.
       (x) The United States Agency for International Development.
       (xi) The United States Fish and Wildlife Service.
       (xii) The Department of Homeland Security, FEMA.
       (xiii) United States Customs and Border Protection.
       (2) Timing of appointments.--Appointments to the Task Force 
     shall be made not later than 30 days after the date of the 
     enactment of this Act.
       (3) Terms.--
       (A) In general.--Each member shall be appointed for a term 
     of 2 years.
       (B) Vacancies.--Any member appointed to fill a vacancy 
     occurring before the expiration of the term for which the 
     member's predecessor was appointed shall be appointed only 
     for the remainder of that term. A member may serve after the 
     expiration of that term until a successor has been appointed.
       (d) Meeting.--
       (1) Initial meeting.--The Task Force shall hold its initial 
     meeting not later than 45 days after the final appointment of 
     all members under subsection (c)(2).
       (2) Meetings.--
       (A) In general.--The Task Force shall meet at the call of 
     the Chairperson.
       (B) Quorum.--Eight members of the Task Force shall 
     constitute a quorum, but a lesser number may hold hearings.
       (e) Compensation.--
       (1) Prohibition of compensation.--Except as provided in 
     paragraph (2), members of the Task Force may not receive 
     additional pay, allowances, or benefits by reason of their 
     service on the Task Force.
       (2) Travel expenses.--Each member shall receive travel 
     expenses, including per diem in lieu of subsistence, in 
     accordance with applicable provisions under subchapter I of 
     chapter 57 of title 5, United States Code.
       (f) Reports.--
       (1) Report to task force.--Not later than 6 months after 
     the date of the enactment of this Act and annually 
     thereafter, the Federal agencies listed in subsection (c) 
     shall submit a report to the Task Force containing a detailed 
     statement with respect to the results of any programming 
     within their agencies that addresses the goals of zoonotic 
     spillover and disease prevention.
       (2) Report to congress.--Not later than 1 year after the 
     date of the enactment of this Act and annually thereafter, 
     the Task Force shall submit to the appropriate congressional 
     committees and the National Security Advisor a report 
     containing a detailed statement of the recommendations of the 
     Council pursuant to subsection (b).
       (g) FACA.--Section 14(a)(2)(B) of the Federal Advisory 
     Committee Act shall not apply to the Task Force. This task 
     force shall be authorized for 7 years after the date of the 
     enactment of this Act and up to an additional 2 years at the 
     discretion of the Task Force Chair.

     SEC. 1081. RESERVATION OF RIGHTS.

       Nothing in this subtitle shall restrict or otherwise 
     prohibit--
       (1) legal and regulated hunting, fishing, or trapping 
     activities for subsistence, sport, or recreation; or
       (2) the lawful domestic and international transport of 
     legally harvested fish or wildlife trophies.
                                 ______