[Congressional Record Volume 167, Number 112 (Monday, June 28, 2021)]
[House]
[Pages H3206-H3220]
From the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
{time} 1730
DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY SCIENCE FOR THE FUTURE ACT
Ms. JOHNSON of Texas. Mr. Speaker, I move to suspend the rules and
pass the bill (H.R. 3593) to provide guidance for and investment in the
research and development activities of the Department of Energy Office
of Science, and for other purposes, as amended.
The Clerk read the title of the bill.
The text of the bill is as follows:
H.R. 3593
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of
the United States of America in Congress assembled,
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.
This Act may be cited as the ``Department of Energy Science
for the Future Act''.
SEC. 2. MISSION OF THE OFFICE OF SCIENCE.
Section 209 of the Department of Energy Organization Act
(42 U.S.C. 7139) is amended by adding at the end the
following:
``(d) User Facilities.--The Director shall carry out the
construction, operation, and maintenance of user facilities
to support the mission described in subsection (c). As
practicable, these facilities shall serve the needs of the
Department, industry, the academic community, and other
relevant entities for the purposes of advancing the missions
of the Department, improving the competitiveness of the
United States, protecting public health and safety, and
addressing other national priorities including emergencies.
``(e) Coordination.--
``(1) In general.--The Secretary--
``(A) shall ensure the coordination of the Office of
Science with the other activities of the Department;
``(B) shall support joint activities among the programs of
the Department;
``(C) shall coordinate with other relevant Federal agencies
in supporting advancements in related research areas as
appropriate; and
``(D) may form partnerships to enhance the utilization of
and ensure access to user facilities by other Federal
agencies.
``(2) Office of science.--The Director--
``(A) shall ensure the coordination of programs and
activities carried out by the Office of Science; and
``(B) shall direct all programs which have not recently
completed a future planning roadmap consistent with the
funding of such programs authorized under the Department of
Energy Science for the Future Act to complete such a
roadmap.''.
SEC. 3. BASIC ENERGY SCIENCES PROGRAM.
(a) Department of Energy Research and Innovation Act.--
Section 303 of the Department of Energy Research and
Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 18641) is amended--
(1) by redesignating subsections (a) through (e) as
subsections (c) through (g), respectively; and
(2) by inserting before subsection (c), as so redesignated,
the following:
``(a) Program.--As part of the activities authorized under
section 209 of the Department of Energy Organization Act (42
U.S.C. 7139), the Director shall carry out a research and
development program in basic energy sciences, including
materials sciences and engineering, chemical sciences,
physical biosciences, geosciences, and other disciplines, to
understand, model, and control matter and energy at the
electronic, atomic, and molecular levels in order to provide
the foundations for new energy technologies, address
scientific grand challenges, and support the energy,
environment, and national security missions of the
Department.
``(b) Sustainable Chemistry.--In carrying out chemistry-
related research and development activities under this
section, the Director shall prioritize research and
development of sustainable chemistry to support clean, safe,
and economic alternatives and methodologies to traditional
chemical products and processes.'';
(3) in subsection (d), as so redesignated--
(A) in paragraph (3)--
(i) subparagraph (C), by striking ``and'' at the end;
(ii) by redesignating subparagraph (D) as subparagraph (E);
and
(iii) by inserting after subparagraph (C) the following:
``(D) autonomous chemistry and materials synthesis and
characterization facilities that leverage advances in
artificial intelligence; and''; and
(B) by adding at the end the following:
``(4) Advanced photon source upgrade.--
``(A) Definitions.--In this paragraph:
``(i) Flux.--The term `flux' means the rate of flow of
photons.
``(ii) Hard x-ray.--The term `hard x-ray' means a photon
with energy greater than 20 kiloelectron volts.
``(B) In general.--The Secretary shall provide for the
upgrade to the Advanced Photon Source described in the
publication approved by the Basic Energy Sciences Advisory
Committee on June 9, 2016, titled `Report on Facility
Upgrades', including the development of a multi-bend achromat
lattice to produce a high flux of coherent x-rays within the
hard x-ray energy region and a suite of beamlines optimized
for this source.
``(C) Start of operations.--The Secretary shall, subject to
the availability of appropriations, ensure that the start of
full operations of the upgrade under this paragraph occurs
before March 31, 2026.
``(D) Funding.--Out of funds authorized to be appropriated
under subsection (j), there shall be made available to the
Secretary to carry out the upgrade under this paragraph
$101,000,000 for fiscal year 2022 and $56,000,000 for fiscal
year 2023.
``(5) Spallation neutron source proton power upgrade.--
``(A) In general.--The Secretary shall provide for the
proton power upgrade to the Spallation Neutron Source.
``(B) Proton power upgrade defined.--For the purposes of
this paragraph, the term
[[Page H3207]]
`proton power upgrade' means the Spallation Neutron Source
power upgrade described in--
``(i) the publication titled `Facilities for the Future of
Science: A Twenty-Year Outlook', published by the Office of
Science of the Department of Energy in December, 2003;
``(ii) the publication titled `Four Years Later: An Interim
Report on Facilities for the Future of Science: A Twenty-Year
Outlook', published by the Office of Science of the
Department of Energy in August, 2007; and
``(iii) the publication approved by the Basic Energy
Sciences Advisory Committee on June 9, 2016, titled `Report
on Facility Upgrades'.
``(C) Start of operations.--The Secretary shall, subject to
the availability of appropriations, ensure that the start of
full operations of the upgrade under this paragraph occurs
before July 30, 2028, with the option for early operation in
2025.
``(D) Funding.--Out of funds authorized to be appropriated
under subsection (j), there shall be made available to the
Secretary to carry out the upgrade under this paragraph
$49,800,000 for fiscal year 2022.
``(6) Spallation neutron source second target station.--
``(A) In general.--The Secretary shall provide for a second
target station for the Spallation Neutron Source.
``(B) Second target station defined.--For the purposes of
this paragraph, the term `second target station' means the
Spallation Neutron Source second target station described
in--
``(i) the publication titled, `Facilities for the Future of
Science: A Twenty-Year Outlook', published by the Office of
Science of the Department of Energy in December, 2003;
``(ii) the publication titled, `Four Years Later: An
Interim Report on Facilities for the Future of Science: A
Twenty-Year Outlook', published by the Office of Science of
the Department of Energy in August, 2007; and
``(iii) the publication approved by the Basic Energy
Sciences Advisory Committee on June 9, 2016, titled `Report
on Facility Upgrades'.
``(C) Start of operations.--The Secretary shall, subject to
the availability of appropriations, ensure that the start of
full operations of the second target station under this
paragraph occurs before December 31, 2033, with the option
for early operation in 2029.
``(D) Funding.--Out of funds authorized to be appropriated
under subsection (j), there shall be made available to the
Secretary to carry out the activities under this paragraph,
including construction--
``(i) $70,000,000 for fiscal year 2022;
``(ii) $127,000,000 for fiscal year 2023;
``(iii) $204,000,000 for fiscal year 2024;
``(iv) $279,000,000 for fiscal year 2025; and
``(v) $300,000,000 for fiscal year 2026.
``(7) Advanced light source upgrade.--
``(A) Definitions.--In this paragraph:
``(i) Flux.--The term `flux' means the rate of flow of
photons.
``(ii) Soft x-ray.--The term `soft x-ray' means a photon
with energy in the range from 50 to 2,000 electron volts.
``(B) In general.--The Secretary shall provide for the
upgrade to the Advanced Light Source described in the
publication approved by the Basic Energy Sciences Advisory
Committee on June 9, 2016, titled `Report on Facility
Upgrades', including the development of a multibend achromat
lattice to produce a high flux of coherent x-rays within the
soft x-ray energy region.
``(C) Start of operations.--The Secretary shall, subject to
the availability of appropriations, ensure that the start of
full operations of the upgrade under this paragraph occurs
before September 30, 2029.
``(D) Funding.--Out of funds authorized to be appropriated
under subsection (j), there shall be made available to the
Secretary to carry out the upgrade under this paragraph--
``(i) $75,100,000 for fiscal year 2022;
``(ii) $135,000,000 for fiscal year 2023;
``(iii) $102,500,000 for fiscal year 2024;
``(iv) $25,000,000 for fiscal year 2025; and
``(v) $25,000,000 for fiscal year 2026.
``(8) Linac coherent light source ii high energy upgrade.--
``(A) Definitions.--In this paragraph:
``(i) High energy x-ray.--The term `high energy x-ray'
means a photon with an energy in the 5 to 13 kiloelectron
volt range.
``(ii) High repetition rate.--The term `high repetition
rate' means the delivery of x-ray pulses up to 1 million
pulses per second.
``(iii) Ultra-short pulse x-rays.--The term `ultra-short
pulse x-rays' means x-ray bursts capable of durations of less
than 100 femtoseconds.
``(B) In general.--The Secretary shall--
``(i) provide for the upgrade to the Linac Coherent Light
Source II facility described in the publication approved by
the Basic Energy Sciences Advisory Committee on June 9, 2016,
titled `Report on Facility Upgrades', including the
development of experimental capabilities for high energy x-
rays to reveal fundamental scientific discoveries; and
``(ii) ensure such upgrade enables the production and use
of high energy, ultra-short pulse x-rays delivered at a high
repetition rate.
``(C) Start of operations.--The Secretary shall, subject to
the availability of appropriations, ensure that the start of
full operations of the upgrade under this paragraph occurs
before December 31, 2026.
``(D) Funding.--Out of funds authorized to be appropriated
under subsection (j), there shall be made available to the
Secretary to carry out the upgrade under this paragraph--
``(i) $106,925,000 for fiscal year 2022;
``(ii) $125,925,000 for fiscal year 2023;
``(iii) $115,000,000 for fiscal year 2024;
``(iv) $89,000,000 for fiscal year 2025; and
``(v) $49,344,000 for fiscal year 2026.
``(9) Cryomodule repair and maintenance facility.--
``(A) In general.--The Secretary shall provide for the
construction of a cryomodule repair and maintenance facility
to service the Linac Coherent Light Source II and upgrades to
the facility. The Secretary shall consult with the private
sector, universities, National Laboratories, and relevant
Federal agencies to ensure that this facility has the
capability to maintain, repair, and test superconducting
radiofrequency accelerator components.
``(B) Funding.--Out of funds authorized to be appropriated
under subsection (j), there shall be made available to the
Secretary to carry out the activities under this paragraph--
``(i) $19,000,000 for fiscal year 2022;
``(ii) $25,000,000 for fiscal year 2023;
``(iii) $25,000,000 for fiscal year 2024; and
``(iv) $17,000,000 for fiscal year 2025.
``(10) Nanoscale science research center recapitalization
project.--
``(A) In general.--The Secretary shall provide for the
recapitalization of the Nanoscale Science Research Centers,
to include the upgrade of equipment at each Center supported
by the Office of Science on the date of enactment of the
Department of Energy Science for the Future Act, to
accelerate advances in the various fields of science
including nanoscience, materials, chemistry, biology, and
quantum information science.
``(B) Funding.--Out of funds authorized to be appropriated
under subsection (j), there shall be made available to the
Secretary to carry out the recapitalization under this
paragraph--
``(i) $20,000,000 for fiscal year 2022;
``(ii) $30,000,000 for fiscal year 2023;
``(iii) $20,000,000 for fiscal year 2024; and
``(iv) $20,000,000 for fiscal year 2025.''; and
(4) by adding at the end the following:
``(h) Computational Materials and Chemical Sciences.--
``(1) In general.--The Director shall support a program of
research and development for the application of advanced
computing practices to foundational and emerging research
problems in chemistry and materials science. Research
activities shall include--
``(A) chemical catalysis research and development;
``(B) the use of large data sets to model materials
phenomena, including through advanced characterization of
materials, materials synthesis, processing, and innovative
use of experimental and theoretical data;
``(C) co-design of chemical system and chemistry modeling
software with advanced computing systems and hardware
technologies; and
``(D) modeling of chemical processes, assemblies, and
reactions such as molecular dynamics and quantum chemistry,
including through novel computing methods.
``(2) Computational materials and chemical sciences
centers.--
``(A) In general.--In carrying out the activities
authorized under paragraph (1), the Director shall select and
establish up to six computational materials and chemical
sciences centers to--
``(i) develop open-source, robust, and validated
computational codes and user-friendly software, coupled with
innovative use of experimental and theoretical data, to
enable the design, discovery, and development of new
materials and chemical systems; and
``(ii) focus on overcoming challenges and maximizing the
benefits of exascale and other high performance computing
underpinned by accelerated node technologies.
``(B) Selection.--The Director shall select centers under
subparagraph (A) on a competitive, merit-reviewed basis. The
Director shall consider applications from the National
Laboratories, institutes of higher education, multi-
institutional collaborations, and other appropriate entities.
``(C) Duration.--
``(i) A center selected under subparagraph (A) shall
receive support for a period of not more than 5 years
beginning on the date of establishment of that center,
subject to the availability of appropriations.
``(ii) A center already in existence on the date of
enactment of the Department of Energy Science for the Future
Act may continue to receive support for a period of not more
than 5 years beginning on the date of establishment of that
center.
``(D) Renewal.--Upon the expiration of any period of
support of a center under this subsection, the Director may
renew support for the center, on a merit-reviewed basis, for
a period of not more than 5 years.
``(E) Termination.--Consistent with the existing
authorities of the Department, the Director may terminate an
underperforming center for cause during the performance
period.
``(i) Materials Research Database.--
``(1) In general.--The Director shall support the
development of a web-based platform to develop and provide
access to a database of computed information on known and
predicted materials properties and computational tools to
accelerate breakthroughs in materials discovery and design.
``(2) Program.--In carrying out this subsection, the
Director shall--
[[Page H3208]]
``(A) conduct cooperative research with industry, academia,
and other research institutions to advance understanding,
prediction, and manipulation of materials and facilitate the
design of novel materials;
``(B) develop and maintain data infrastructure at user
facilities that generate data to collect, analyze, label, and
otherwise prepare the data for inclusion in the database;
``(C) leverage existing high performance computing systems
to conduct high throughput calculations, and develop
computational and data mining algorithms for the prediction
of material properties;
``(D) strengthen the foundation for new technologies and
advanced manufacturing; and
``(E) drive the development of advanced materials for
applications that span the Department's missions in energy,
environment, and national security.
``(3) Coordination.--In carrying out this subsection, the
Director shall leverage programs and activities across the
Department, including computational materials and chemical
sciences centers established under subsection (h).
``(4) Funding.--Out of funds authorized to be appropriated
under subsection (j), there shall be made available to the
Secretary to carry out activities under this subsection
$10,000,000 for each of the fiscal years 2022 through 2026.
``(j) Authorization of Appropriations.--There are
authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out
the activities described in this section--
``(1) $2,727,705,000 for fiscal year 2022;
``(2) $2,828,896,600 for fiscal year 2023;
``(3) $3,019,489,612 for fiscal year 2024;
``(4) $3,161,698,885 for fiscal year 2025; and
``(5) $3,291,651,600 for fiscal year 2026.''.
(b) Artificial Photosynthesis.--Section 973 of the Energy
Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16313) is amended--
(1) in subsection (b), by striking paragraph (4) and
inserting:
``(4) Funding.--From within funds authorized to be
appropriated for Basic Energy Sciences, the Secretary shall
make available for carrying out activities under this
subsection $50,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2022 through
2026.''; and
(2) in subsection (c), by striking paragraph (4) and
inserting:
``(4) Funding.--From within funds authorized to be
appropriated in section 316 of the Department of Energy
Research and Innovation Act, the Secretary shall make
available for carrying out activities under this subsection
$50,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2022 through 2026.''.
(c) Electricity Storage Research Initiative.--Section 975
of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C.16315) is
amended--
(1) in subsection (b), by striking paragraph (4) and
inserting:
``(4) Funding.--From within funds authorized to be
appropriated for Basic Energy Sciences, the Secretary shall
make available for carrying out activities under this
subsection $50,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2022 through
2026.'';
(2) in subsection (c), by striking paragraph (4) and
inserting:
``(4) Funding.--From within funds authorized to be
appropriated in section 316 of the Department of Energy
Research and Innovation Act, the Secretary shall make
available for carrying out activities under this subsection
$50,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2022 through 2026.'';
and
(3) in subsection (d), by striking paragraph (4) and
inserting:
``(4) Funding.--From within funds authorized to be
appropriated in section 316 of the Department of Energy
Research and Innovation Act, the Secretary shall make
available for carrying out activities under this subsection
$20,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2022 through 2026.''.
SEC. 4. BIOLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH.
(a) Program; Biological Systems; Biomolecular
Characterization and Imaging Science.--Section 306 of the
Department of Energy Research and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C.
18644) is amended--
(1) by striking subsection (a) and inserting the following:
``(a) Program.--As part of the duties of the Director
authorized under section 209 of the Department of Energy
Organization Act (42 U.S.C. 7139), and coordinated with the
activities authorized under sections 303 and 304 of this Act,
the Director shall carry out a program of research and
development in the areas of biological systems science and
climate and environmental science, including subsurface
science, relevant to the development of new energy
technologies and to support the energy, environmental, and
national security missions of the Department.
``(b) Biological Systems.--The Director shall carry out
research and development activities in genomic science
including fundamental research on plants and microbes to
increase systems-level understanding of the complex
biological systems, which may include activities to--
``(1) accelerate breakthroughs and new knowledge that would
enable the cost-effective, sustainable production of--
``(A) biomass-based liquid transportation fuels;
``(B) bioenergy; and
``(C) biobased materials from renewable biomass;
``(2) improve fundamental understanding of plant and
microbial processes impacting the global carbon cycle,
including processes for removing carbon dioxide from the
atmosphere, through photosynthesis and other biological
processes, for sequestration and storage;
``(3) understand the microbiome mechanisms used to
transform, immobilize, or remove contaminants from subsurface
environments;
``(4) develop the computational approaches and integrated
platforms for open access collaborative science;
``(5) leverage tools and approaches across the Office of
Science to expand research to include novel processes,
methods, and science to develop bio-based chemicals,
polymers, inorganic materials, including research to--
``(A) advance biosystems design research to advance the
understanding of how CRISPR tools and other gene editing
tools and technologies work in nature, in the laboratory, and
in practice;
``(B) deepen genome-enabled knowledge of root architecture
and growth in crops, including trees; and
``(C) develop biosystems design methods and tools to
increase the efficiency of photosynthesis in plants; and
``(6) develop other relevant methods and processes as
determined by the Director.
``(c) Biomolecular Characterization and Imaging Science.--
The Director shall carry out research and development
activities in biomolecular characterization and imaging
science, including development of integrative imaging and
analysis platforms and biosensors to understand the
expression, structure, and function of genome information
encoded within cells and for real-time measurements in
ecosystems and field sites of relevance to the mission of the
Department of Energy.''; and
(2) by redesignating subsections (b) through (d) as
subsections (d) through (f), respectively.
(b) Bioenergy Research Centers.--Section 977(f) of the
Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16317(f)) is amended to
read as follows:
``(f) Bioenergy Research Centers.--
``(1) In general.--In carrying out the program under
section 306(a) of the Department of Energy Research and
Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 18644(a)), the Director shall
support up to six bioenergy research centers to conduct
fundamental research in plant and microbial systems biology,
biological imaging and analysis, and genomics, and to
accelerate advanced research and development of biomass-based
liquid transportation fuels, bioenergy, or biobased
materials, chemicals, and products that are produced from a
variety of regionally diverse feedstocks, and to facilitate
the translation of research results to industry. The
activities of the centers authorized under this subsection
may include--
``(A) accelerating the domestication of bioenergy-relevant
plants, microbes, and associated microbial communities to
enable high-impact, value-added coproduct development at
multiple points in the bioenergy supply chain;
``(B) developing the science and technological advances to
ensure process sustainability is considered in the creation
of biofuels and bioproducts from lignocellulose; and
``(C) using the latest tools in genomics, molecular
biology, catalysis science, chemical engineering, systems
biology, and computational and robotics technologies to
sustainably produce and transform biomass into biofuels and
bioproducts.
``(2) Selection and duration.--
``(A) In general.--A center established under paragraph (1)
shall be selected on a competitive, merit-reviewed basis for
a period of not more than 5 years, subject to the
availability of appropriations, beginning on the date of
establishment of that center.
``(B) Applications.--The Director shall consider
applications from National Laboratories, multi-institutional
collaborations, and other appropriate entities.
``(C) Existing centers.--A center already in existence on
the date of enactment of the Department of Energy Science for
the Future Act may continue to receive support for a period
of not more than 5 years beginning on the date of
establishment of that center.
``(3) Renewal.--After the end of either period described in
paragraph (2), the Director may renew support for the center
for a period of not more than 5 years on a merit-reviewed
basis. For a center in operation for 10 years after its
previous selection on a competitive, merit-reviewed basis,
the Director may renew support for the center on a
competitive, merit-reviewed basis for a period of not more
than 5 years, and may subsequently provide an additional
renewal on a merit-reviewed basis for a period of not more
than 5 years.
``(4) Termination.--Consistent with the existing
authorities of the Department, the Director may terminate an
underperforming center for cause during the performance
period.
``(5) Activities.--Centers shall undertake research
activities to accelerate the production of biofuels and
bioproducts from advanced biomass resources by identifying
the most suitable species of plants for use as energy crops;
and improving methods of breeding, propagation, planting,
producing, harvesting, storage and processing. Activities may
include the following:
``(A) Research activities to increase sustainability,
including--
``(i) advancing knowledge of how bioenergy crop
interactions with biotic and abiotic environmental factors
influence crop growth, yield, and quality;
[[Page H3209]]
``(ii) identifying the most impactful research areas that
address the economics of biofuels and bioproducts production;
and
``(iii) utilizing multiscale modeling to advance predictive
understanding of biofuel cropping ecosystems.
``(B) Research activities to further feedstock development,
including lignocellulosic, algal, gaseous wastes including
carbon oxides and methane, and direct air capture of single
carbon gases via plants and microbes, including--
``(i) developing genetic and genomic tools, high-throughput
analytical tools, and biosystems design approaches to enhance
bioenergy feedstocks and their associated microbiomes;
``(ii) conducting field testing of new potential bioenergy
feedstock crops under environmentally benign and
geographically diverse conditions to assess viability and
robustness; and
``(iii) developing quantitative models informed by
experimentation to predict how bioenergy feedstocks perform
under diverse conditions.
``(C) Research activities to improve lignocellulosic
deconstruction and separation methods, including--
``(i) developing feedstock-agnostic deconstruction
processes capable of efficiently fractionating biomass into
targeted output streams;
``(ii) gaining a detailed understanding of plant cell wall
biosynthesis, composition, structure, and properties during
deconstruction; and
``(iii) improving enzymes and approaches for biomass
breakdown and cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin
processing.
``(D) Research activities to improve the feedstock
conversion process for advanced biofuels and bioproducts,
including--
``(i) developing high-throughput methods to screen or
select high-performance microbial strains and communities to
improve product formation rates, yields, and selectivity;
``(ii) establishing a broad set of platform microorganisms
and microbial communities suitable for metabolic engineering
to produce biofuels and bioproducts, as well as high-
throughput methods for experimental validation of gene
function;
``(iii) developing techniques to enhance microbial
robustness for tolerating toxins to improve biofuel and
bioproduct yields and to gain a better understanding of the
cellular and molecular bases of tolerance for major chemical
classes of inhibitors found in these processes;
``(iv) advancing technologies for the use of batch,
continuous, as well as consolidated bioprocessing;
``(v) identifying, creating, and optimizing microbial and
chemical pathways to produce promising, atom-economical
intermediates and final bioproducts from biomass with
considerations given to environmentally benign processes;
``(vi) developing high-throughput, real-time, in situ
analytical techniques to understand and characterize the pre-
and post-bioproduct separation streams in detail;
``(vii) creating methodologies for efficiently identifying
viable target molecules, identifying high-value bioproducts
in existing biomass streams, and utilizing current byproduct
streams;
``(viii) identifying and improving plant feedstocks with
enhanced extractable levels of desired bioproducts or
bioproduct precursors, including lignin streams; and
``(ix) developing integrated biological and chemical
catalytic approaches to valorize and produce a diverse
portfolio of advanced fuels and bioproducts.
``(6) Industry partnerships.--Centers shall establish
industry partnerships to translate research results to
commercial applications.
``(7) Coordination.--In coordination with the Bioenergy
Technologies Office of the Department, the Director shall
support interdisciplinary research activities to improve the
capacity, efficiency, resilience, security, reliability, and
affordability, of the production and use of biofuels and
bioproducts, as well as activities to enable positive impacts
and avoid the potential negative impacts that the production
and use of biofuels and bioproducts may have on ecosystems,
people, and historically marginalized communities.''.
(c) Low-dose Radiation Research Program.--Section 306(e)(8)
of the Department of Energy Research and Innovation Act (42
U.S.C. 18644(e)(8)), as redesignated under subsection (a), is
amended--
(1) in subparagraph (C), by striking ``and'';
(2) in subparagraph (D), by striking the period at the end
and inserting a semicolon; and
(3) by adding at the end the following:
``(E) $40,000,000 for fiscal year 2025; and
``(F) $50,000,000 for fiscal year 2026.''.
(d) Low-dose Radiation and Space Radiation Research
Program.--Section 306(f) of the Department of Energy Research
and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 18644(d)), as redesignated
under subsection (a), is amended to read as follows:
``(f) Low-dose Radiation and Space Radiation Research
Program.--
``(1) In general.--The Secretary of Energy, in consultation
with the Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space
Administration, shall carry out a basic research program on
the similarities and differences between the effects of
exposure to low-dose radiation on Earth, in low Earth orbit,
and in the space environment.
``(2) Purpose.--The purpose of this program is to
accelerate breakthroughs in low-dose and low dose-rate
radiation research and development as described in subsection
(e) and to inform the advancement of new tools, technologies,
and advanced materials needed to facilitate long-duration
space exploration.''.
(e) Climate, Environmental Science, and Other Activities.--
Section 306 of the Department of Energy Research and
Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 18644) is further amended by adding
at the end the following:
``(g) Earth and Environmental Systems Sciences
Activities.--
``(1) In general.--As part of the activities authorized
under subsection (a), and in coordination with activities
carried out under subsection (b), the Director shall carry
out earth and environmental systems science research, in
consultation with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration and other relevant agencies, which may include
activities to--
``(A) understand, observe, and model the response of
Earth's atmosphere and biosphere to increased concentrations
of greenhouse gas emissions and any associated changes in
climate, including frequency and intensity of extreme weather
events;
``(B) understand the coupled physical, chemical, and
biological processes to transform, immobilize, remove, or
move carbon, nitrogen, and other energy production-derived
contaminants such as radionuclides and heavy metals, and
understand the process of sequestration and transformation of
these, carbon dioxide, and other relevant molecules in
subsurface environments;
``(C) understand, observe, and model the cycling of water,
carbon, and nutrients in terrestrial systems and at scales
relevant to resources management;
``(D) understand the biological, biogeochemical, and
physical processes across the multiple scales that control
the flux of environmentally relevant compounds between the
terrestrial surface and the atmosphere; and
``(E) inform potential natural mitigation and adaptation
options for increased concentrations of greenhouse gas
emissions and any associated changes in climate.
``(2) Prioritization.--In carrying out the program
authorized under paragraph (1), the Director shall
prioritize--
``(A) the development of software and algorithms to enable
the productive application of environmental systems and
extreme weather in climate and Earth system prediction models
in high-performance computing systems; and
``(B) capabilities that support the Department's mission
needs for energy and infrastructure security, resilience, and
reliability.
``(3) Environmental systems science research.--
``(A) In general.--As part of the activities described in
paragraph (1), the Director shall carry out research to
advance an integrated, robust, and scale-aware predictive
understanding of environmental systems, including the role of
hydrobiogeochemistry, from the subsurface to the top of the
vegetative canopy that considers effects of seasonal to
interannual variability and change.
``(B) Clean water and watershed research.--As part of the
activities described in subparagraph (A), the Director
shall--
``(i) support interdisciplinary research to significantly
advance our understanding of water availability, quality, and
the impact of human activity and a changing climate on urban
and rural watershed systems, including in freshwater
environments;
``(ii) consult with the Interagency Research, Development,
and Demonstration Coordination Committee on the Nexus of
Energy and Water for Sustainability established under section
1010 of the Energy Act of 2020 (division Z of the
Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021 (Public Law 116-260))
on energy-water nexus research activities; and
``(iii) engage with representatives of research and
academic institutions, nonprofit organizations, State, local,
and tribal governments, and industry, who have expertise in
technologies, technological innovations, or practices
relating to the energy-water nexus, as applicable.
``(C) Coordination.--
``(i) Director.--The Director shall carry out activities
under this paragraph in accordance with priorities
established by the Secretary to support and accelerate the
decontamination of relevant facilities managed by the
Department.
``(ii) Secretary.--The Secretary shall ensure the
coordination of activities of the Department, including
activities under this paragraph, to support and accelerate
the decontamination of relevant facilities managed by the
Department.
``(4) Climate and earth modeling.--As part of the
activities described in paragraph (1), the Director, in
collaboration with the Advanced Scientific Computing Research
program described in section 304 and other programs carried
out by the Department, as applicable, and in consultation
with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and
other relevant agencies, shall carry out research to develop,
evaluate, and use high-resolution regional climate, global
climate, Earth system, and other relevant models to inform
decisions on reducing greenhouse gas emissions and the
resulting impacts of a changing global climate. Such modeling
shall include--
[[Page H3210]]
``(A) integrated capabilities for modeling multisectoral
interactions, including socioeconomic factors as appropriate,
which may include the impacts of climate policies on social
and regional equity and well-being, and the interdependencies
and risks at the energy-water-land nexus;
``(B) greenhouse gas emissions, air quality, energy supply
and demand, and other critical elements; and
``(C) interaction among human and Earth systems informed by
interdisciplinary research, including the economic and social
sciences.
``(5) Mid-scale funding mechanism.--
``(A) In general.--Any of the activities authorized in this
subsection may be carried out by competitively selected mid-
scale, multi-institutional research centers in lieu of
individual research grants, or large-scale experiments or
user facilities.
``(B) Consideration.--The Biological and Environmental
Research Advisory Committee shall provide recommendations to
the Director on projects most suitable for the research
centers described in subparagraph (A).
``(h) Biological and Environmental Research User
Facilities.--
``(1) In general.--The Director shall carry out a program
for the development, construction, operation, and maintenance
of user facilities to enhance the collection and analysis of
observational data related to complex biological, climate,
and environmental systems.
``(2) Facility requirements.--To the maximum extent
practicable, the user facilities developed, constructed,
operated, or maintained under paragraph (1) shall include--
``(A) distributed field research and observation platforms
for understanding earth system processes;
``(B) analytical techniques, instruments, and modeling
resources for understanding the physical, chemical, and
cellular processes of biological and environmental systems;
``(C) integrated high-throughput sequencing, advanced
bioanalytic techniques, DNA design and synthesis,
metabolomics, and computational analysis; and
``(D) such other facilities as the Director considers
appropriate, consistent with section 209 of the Department of
Energy Organization Act (42 U.S.C. 7139).
``(3) Existing facilities.--In carrying out the program
established in paragraph (1), the Director is encouraged to
evaluate the capabilities of existing user facilities and, to
the maximum extent practicable, invest in modernization of
those capabilities to address emerging research priorities.
``(4) User facilities integration and collaboration
program.--
``(A) In general.--The Director shall support a program of
collaboration between user facilities as defined under this
subsection to encourage and enable researchers to more
readily integrate the tools, expertise, resources, and
capabilities of multiple Office of Science user facilities
(as described in section 209(d) of the Department of Energy
Organization Act (42 U.S.C. 7139)) to further research and
advance emerging technologies.
``(B) Activities.--The program shall advance the
integration of automation, robotics, computational biology,
bioinformatics, biosensing, cellular platforms and other
relevant emerging technologies as determined by the Director
to enhance productivity and scientific impact of user
facilities.
``(5) Earth and environmental systems sciences user
facilities.--
``(A) In general.--In carrying out the activities
authorized under paragraph (1), the Director shall establish
and operate user facilities to advance the collection,
validation, and analysis of atmospheric data, including
activities to advance knowledge and improve model
representations and measure the impact of atmospheric gases,
aerosols, and clouds on earth and environmental systems.
``(B) Selection.--The Director shall select user facilities
under paragraph (1) on a competitive, merit-reviewed basis.
The Director shall consider applications from the National
Laboratories, institutes of higher education, multi-
institutional collaborations, and other appropriate entities.
``(C) Existing facilities.--To the maximum extent
practicable, the Director shall utilize existing facilities
to carry out this subsection.
``(6) Coordination.--In carrying out the program authorized
in paragraph (1), the Director shall ensure that the Office
of Science--
``(A) consults and coordinates with the National Oceanic
Atmospheric Administration, the Environmental Protection
Agency, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration,
the Department of Agriculture, the Department of the
Interior, and any other relevant Federal agency on the
collection, validation, and analysis of atmospheric data; and
``(B) coordinates with relevant stakeholders, including
institutes of higher education, nonprofit research
institutions, industry, State, local, and tribal governments,
and other appropriate entities to ensure access to the best
available relevant atmospheric and historical weather data.
``(i) Coastal Zone Research Initiative.--
``(1) In general.--The Director shall carry out a research
program, in consultation with the National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration, to enhance the understanding of
coastal ecosystems. In carrying out this program, the
Director shall prioritize efforts to enhance the collection
of observational data, and shall develop models to analyze
the ecological, biogeochemical, hydrological and physical
processes that interact in coastal zones.
``(2) National system for coastal data collection.--The
Director shall establish, in consultation with the National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and other relevant
agencies, an integrated system of geographically diverse
field research sites in order to improve the quantity and
quality of observational data, and that encompass the major
land water interfaces of the United States, including--
``(A) the Great Lakes region;
``(B) the Pacific coast;
``(C) the Atlantic coast;
``(D) the Arctic; and
``(E) the Gulf coast.
``(3) Existing infrastructure.--In carrying out the
programs and establishing the field research sites under
paragraph (1) and (2), the Secretary shall leverage existing
research and development infrastructure supported by the
Department, including the Department's existing marine and
coastal research lab.
``(4) Coordination.--For the purposes of carrying out the
programs and establishing the field research sites under the
Initiative, the Secretary may enter into agreements with
Federal Departments and agencies with complementary
capabilities.
``(5) Report.--Not less than 2 years after the date of the
enactment of the Department of Energy Science for the Future
Act, the Director shall provide to the Committee on Science,
Space, and Technology and the Committee on Appropriations of
the House of Representatives and the Committee on Energy and
Natural Resources and the Committee on Appropriations of the
Senate a report examining whether the system described in
this section should be established as a National User
Facility.
``(j) Technology Development.--The Director shall support a
technology research program for the development of
instrumentation and other research tools required to meet the
missions of the Department and to provide platform
technologies for the broader scientific community.
Technologies shall include but are not limited to--
``(1) cryo-electron microscopy;
``(2) fabricated ecosystems;
``(3) next generation sensors including quantum sensors for
biological integration and bioproduction;
``(4) technologies to accelerate data analysis; and
``(5) plant and microbial phenotyping for gene discovery.
``(k) Emerging Technologies.--
``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall establish within the
Biological and Environmental Research program an initiative
focused on the development of engineered ecosystems through
the application of artificial intelligence, novel sensing
capabilities, and other emerging technologies.
``(2) Interagency coordination.--The Secretary shall
coordinate with the Director of the National Science
Foundation, the Administrator of the National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration, the Director of the U.S.
Geological Survey, and other relevant officials to avoid
duplication of research and observational activities and to
ensure that activities carried out under this initiative are
complimentary to those currently being undertaken by other
agencies.
``(3) Report.--Not later than 180 days after the enactment
of this Act, the Secretary shall provide a report to the
Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House, and
the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate,
on the activity mandated in subsection (k).
``(l) Authorization of Appropriations.--There are
authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out
the activities described in this section--
``(1) $820,360,000 for fiscal year 2022;
``(2) $886,385,200 for fiscal year 2023;
``(3) $956,332,164 for fiscal year 2024;
``(4) $1,020,475,415 for fiscal year 2025; and
``(5) $1,099,108,695 for fiscal year 2026.''.
SEC. 5. ADVANCED SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING RESEARCH PROGRAM.
(a) Advanced Scientific Computing Research.--Section 304 of
the Department of Energy Research and Innovation Act (42
U.S.C. 18642) is amended--
(1) by redesignating subsections (a) through (c) as
subsections (b) through (d), respectively; and
(2) by inserting before subsection (b), as so redesignated,
the following:
``(a) In General.--As part of the activities authorized
under section 209 of the Department of Energy Organization
Act (42 U.S.C. 7139), the Director shall carry out, in
coordination with academia and relevant public and private
sector entities, a research, development, and demonstration
program to--
``(1) steward applied mathematics, computational science,
and computer science research relevant to the missions of the
Department and the competitiveness of the United States;
``(2) develop modeling, simulation, and other computational
tools relevant to other scientific disciplines and to the
development of new energy technologies and other
technologies;
``(3) advance computing and networking capabilities for
data-driven discovery; and
``(4) develop advanced scientific computing hardware and
software tools for science and engineering.'';
(3) in subsection (c) (as redesignated under paragraph
(1))--
[[Page H3211]]
(A) by striking ``The Director'' and inserting the
following:
``(1) Director.--The Director''; and
(B) by adding at the end the following:
``(2) Coordination.--The Under Secretary for Science shall
ensure the coordination of the activities of the Department,
including activities under this section, to determine and
meet the computational and networking research and facility
needs of the Office of Science and all other relevant energy
technology and energy efficiency programs within the
Department and with other Federal agencies as appropriate.'';
(4) by amending subsection (d), as so redesignated, to read
as follows:
``(d) Applied Mathematics and Software Development for
High-end Computing Systems and Computer Sciences Research.--
``(1) In general.--The Director shall carry out activities
to develop, test, and support--
``(A) mathematics, statistics, and algorithms for modeling
complex systems relevant to the missions of the Department,
including on advanced computing architectures; and
``(B) tools, languages, programming environments, and
operations for high-end computing systems (as defined in
section 2 of the American Super Computing Leadership Act (15
U.S.C. 5541).
``(2) Portfolio balance.--
``(A) In general.--The Director shall maintain a balanced
portfolio within the advanced scientific computing research
and development program established under section 976 of the
Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16316) that supports
robust investment in--
``(i) applied mathematical, computational, and computer
sciences research needs relevant to the mission of the
Department, including foundational areas that are critical to
the advancement of energy sciences and technologies and new
and emerging computing technologies; and
``(ii) associated high-performance computing hardware and
facilities.
``(B) Exascale ecosystem sustainment.--
``(i) Sense of congress.--It is the sense of Congress that
the Exascale Computing Project has successfully created a
broad ecosystem that provides shared software packages, novel
evaluation systems, and applications relevant to the science
and engineering requirements of the Department, and that such
products must be maintained and improved in order that the
full potential of the deployed systems can be continuously
realized.
``(ii) In general.--The Secretary shall seek to sustain and
evolve the ecosystem referenced in clause (i) to ensure that
the exascale software stack and other research software will
continue to be maintained, hardened, and otherwise optimized
for long-term use on exascale systems and beyond and reliable
availability to the user community.''; and
(5) by inserting after subsection (d) the following:
``(e) Next Generation Computing Program.--
``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall establish a program
to develop and implement a strategy for achieving computing
systems with capabilities beyond exascale computing systems.
In establishing this program, the Secretary shall--
``(A) maintain foundational research programs in
mathematical, computational, and computer sciences focused on
new and emerging computing needs within the mission of the
Department, including post-Moore's law computing
architectures, novel approaches to modeling and simulation,
artificial intelligence and scientific machine learning,
quantum computing, edge computing, extreme heterogeneity, and
distributed high-performance computing; and
``(B) retain best practices and maintain support for
essential hardware, applications, and software elements of
the Exascale Computing Program that are necessary for
sustaining the vitality of a long-term capable software
ecosystem for exascale and beyond; and
``(C) develop a Department-wide strategy for balancing on-
premises and cloud-based computing and scientific data
management.
``(2) Report.--Not later than one year after the date of
the enactment of the Department of Energy Science for the
Future Act, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on
Science, Space, and Technology of the House of
Representatives, and the Committee on Energy and Natural
Resources of the Senate, a report on the development and
implementation of the strategy outlined in paragraph (1).
``(f) Architectural Research in Heterogeneous Computing
Systems.--
``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall carry out a program
of research and development in heterogeneous and
reconfigurable computing systems to expand understanding of
the potential for heterogeneous and reconfigurable computing
systems to deliver high performance, high efficiency
computing for Department of Energy mission challenges. This
shall include research and development that explores the
convergence of big data analytics, simulations, and
artificial intelligence to drive the design of heterogenous
computing system architectures.
``(2) Coordination.--In carrying out this program, the
Secretary shall ensure coordination between research
activities undertaken by the Advanced Scientific Computing
Research program and materials research supported by the
Basic Energy Sciences program within the Department of Energy
Office of Science.
``(g) Energy Efficient Computing Program.--
``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall support a program of
fundamental research, development, and demonstration of
energy efficient computing and data center technologies
relevant to advanced computing applications, including high
performance computing, artificial intelligence, and
scientific machine learning.
``(2) Execution.--
``(A) Program.--In carrying out the program under paragraph
(1), the Secretary shall--
``(i) establish a partnership for National Laboratories,
industry partners, and institutions of higher education for
codesign of energy efficient hardware, technology, software,
and applications across all applicable program offices of the
Department, and provide access to energy efficient computing
resources to such partners;
``(ii) develop hardware and software technologies that
decrease the energy needs of advanced computing practices,
including through data center co-design; and
``(iii) consider multiple heterogeneous computing
architectures in collaboration with the program established
under subsection (f) including neuromorphic computing,
persistent computing, and ultrafast networking; and
``(iv) provide, as appropriate, on a competitive, merit-
reviewed basis, access for researchers from institutions of
higher education, National Laboratories, industry, and other
Federal agencies to the energy efficient computing
technologies developed pursuant to clause (i).
``(B) Selection of partners.--In selecting participants for
the partnership established under subparagraph (A)(i), the
Secretary shall select participants through a competitive,
merit review process.
``(C) Report.--Not later than one year after the date of
the enactment of the Department of Energy Science for the
Future Act, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on
Science, Space, and Technology of the House of
Representatives, and the Committee on Energy and Natural
Resources of the Senate, a report on--
``(i) the activities conducted under subparagraph (A); and
``(ii) the coordination and management of the program under
subparagraph (A) to ensure an integrated research program
across the Department.
``(h) Energy Sciences Network.--
``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall provide for upgrades
to the Energy Sciences Network user facility in order to meet
the research needs of the Department for highly reliable data
transport capabilities optimized for the requirements of
large-scale science.
``(2) Capabilities.--In carrying out paragraph (1), the
Secretary shall ensure the following capabilities:
``(A) To provide high bandwidth scientific networking
across the continental United States and the Atlantic Ocean.
``(B) To ensure network reliability.
``(C) To protect the network infrastructure from cyber-
attacks.
``(D) To manage transport of exponentially increasing
levels of data from the Department's National Laboratories
and sites, user facilities, experiments, and sensors.
``(E) To contribute to the integration of heterogeneous
computing frameworks and systems.
``(i) Computational Science Graduate Fellowship.--
``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall support the
Computational Science Graduate Fellowship program in order to
facilitate collaboration between graduate students and
researchers at the National Laboratories, and contribute to
the development of a diverse and inclusive computational
workforce to help advance research in areas relevant to the
mission of the Department.
``(2) Funding.--From within funds authorized to be
appropriated for Advanced Scientific Computing Research
Program, the Secretary shall make available for carrying out
the activities under this section--
``(A) $21,000,000 for fiscal year 2022;
``(B) $22,050,000 for fiscal year 2023;
``(C) $23,152,500 for fiscal year 2024;
``(D) $24,310,125 for fiscal year 2025; and
``(E) $25,525,631 for fiscal year 2026.
``(j) Authorization of Appropriations.--There are
authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out
the activities described in this section--
``(1) $1,126,350,000 for fiscal year 2022;
``(2) $1,222,674,500 for fiscal year 2023;
``(3) $1,324,320,715 for fiscal year 2024;
``(4) $1,431,660,115 for fiscal year 2025; and
``(5) $1,535,090,121 for fiscal year 2026.''.
(b) Quantum Science Network.--
(1) Definitions.--Section 2 of the National Quantum
Initiative Act (15 U.S.C. 8801) is amended--
(A) by redesignating paragraph (7) as paragraph (8); and
(B) by inserting after paragraph (6) the following:
``(7) Quantum network infrastructure.--The term `quantum
network infrastructure' means any facility, expertise, or
capability that is necessary to enable the development and
deployment of scalable and diverse quantum network
technologies.''.
(2) Department of energy quantum network infrastructure
research and development program.--(A) Title IV of the
National Quantum Initiative Act (15 U.S.C. 8851
[[Page H3212]]
et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following:
``SEC. 403. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY QUANTUM NETWORK
INFRASTRUCTURE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
PROGRAM.
``(a) In General.--The Secretary of Energy (referred to in
this section as the `Secretary') shall carry out a research,
development, and demonstration program to accelerate
innovation in quantum network infrastructure in order to--
``(1) facilitate the advancement of distributed quantum
computing systems through the internet and intranet;
``(2) improve the precision of measurements of scientific
phenomena and physical imaging technologies;
``(3) develop secure national quantum communications
technologies and strategies; and
``(4) demonstrate these capabilities utilizing the
Department of Energy's Energy Sciences Network User Facility.
``(b) Program.--In carrying out this section, the Secretary
shall--
``(1) coordinate with--
``(A) the Director of the National Science Foundation;
``(B) the Director of the National Institute of Standards
and Technology;
``(C) the Chair of the Subcommittee on Quantum Information
Science of the National Science and Technology Council
established under section 103(a); and
``(D) the Chair of the Subcommittee on the Economic and
Security Implications of Quantum Science;
``(2) conduct cooperative research with industry, National
Laboratories, institutions of higher education, and other
research institutions to facilitate new quantum
infrastructure methods and technologies, including--
``(A) quantum-limited detectors, ultra-low loss optical
channels, space-to-ground connections, and classical
networking and cybersecurity protocols;
``(B) entanglement and hyper-entangled state sources and
transmission, control, and measurement of quantum states;
``(C) quantum interconnects that allow short range local
connections between quantum processors;
``(D) transducers for quantum sources and signals between
optical and telecommunications regimes and quantum computer-
relevant domains, including microwaves;
``(E) development of quantum memory buffers and small-scale
quantum computers that are compatible with photon-based
quantum bits in the optical or telecommunications
wavelengths;
``(F) long-range entanglement distribution at both the
terrestrial and space-based level using quantum repeaters,
allowing entanglement-based protocols between small- and
large scale quantum processors;
``(G) quantum routers, multiplexers, repeaters, and related
technologies necessary to create secure long-distance quantum
communication; and
``(H) integration of systems across the quantum technology
stack into traditional computing networks, including the
development of remote controlled, high performance, and
reliable implementations of key quantum network components by
leveraging the expertise, infrastructure and supplemental
investments in the Energy Sciences Network User Facility;
``(3) engage with the Quantum Economic Development
Consortium (QED-C) to transition component technologies to
help facilitate as appropriate the development of a quantum
supply chain for quantum network technologies;
``(4) advance basic research in advanced scientific
computing, particle and nuclear physics, and material science
to enhance the understanding, prediction, and manipulation of
materials, processes, and physical phenomena relevant to
quantum network infrastructure;
``(5) develop experimental tools and testbeds in
collaboration with the Department of Energy's Energy Sciences
Network User Facility necessary to support cross-cutting
fundamental research and development activities with diverse
stakeholders from industry, National Laboratories, and
institutions of higher education; and
``(6) consider quantum network infrastructure applications
that span the Department of Energy's missions in energy,
environment, and national security.
``(c) Leveraging.--In carrying out this section, the
Secretary shall leverage resources, infrastructure, and
expertise across the Department of Energy and from--
``(1) the National Institute of Standards and Technology;
``(2) the National Science Foundation;
``(3) the National Aeronautics and Space Administration;
``(4) other relevant Federal agencies;
``(5) the National Laboratories;
``(6) industry stakeholders;
``(7) institutions of higher education; and
``(8) the National Quantum Information Science Research
Centers.
``(d) Research Plan.--Not later than 180 days after the
date of the enactment of the Department of Energy Science for
the Future Act, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee
on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of
Representatives and the Committee on Energy and Natural
Resources of the Senate, a 4-year research plan that
identifies and prioritizes basic research needs relating to
quantum network infrastructure.
``(e) Standard of Review.--The Secretary shall review
activities carried out under this section to determine the
achievement of technical milestones.
``(f) Funding.--Out of funds authorized to be appropriated
for the Department of Energy's Office of Science, there shall
be made available to the Secretary to carry out the
activities under this section, $100,000,000 for each of
fiscal years 2022 through 2026.
``SEC. 404. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY QUANTUM USER EXPANSION FOR
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM.
``(a) In General.--The Secretary of Energy (referred to in
this section as the `Secretary') shall establish and carry
out a program (to be known as the `Quantum User Expansion for
Science and Technology program' or `QUEST program') to
encourage and facilitate access to United States quantum
computing hardware and quantum computing clouds for research
purposes to--
``(1) enhance the United States quantum research
enterprise;
``(2) educate the future quantum computing workforce; and
``(3) accelerate the advancement of United States quantum
computing capabilities.
``(b) Program.--In carrying out this section, the Secretary
shall--
``(1) coordinate with--
``(A) the Director of the National Science Foundation;
``(B) the Director of the National Institute of Standards
and Technology;
``(C) the Chair of the Subcommittee on Quantum Information
Science of the National Science and Technology Council
established under section 103(a); and
``(D) the Chair of the Subcommittee on the Economic and
Security Implications of Quantum Science;
``(2) provide researchers based within the United States
with access to, and use of, United States quantum computing
resources through a competitive, merit-reviewed process;
``(3) consider applications from the National Laboratories,
multi-institutional collaborations, institutions of higher
education, industry stakeholders, and any other entities that
the Secretary determines are appropriate to provide national
leadership on quantum computing related issues; and
``(4) consult and coordinate with private sector
stakeholders, the user community, and interagency partners on
program development and best management practices.
``(c) Leveraging.--In carrying out this section, the
Secretary shall leverage resources and expertise across the
Department of Energy and from--
``(1) the National Institute of Standards and Technology;
``(2) the National Science Foundation;
``(3) the National Aeronautics and Space Administration;
``(4) other relevant Federal agencies;
``(5) the National Laboratories;
``(6) industry stakeholders;
``(7) institutions of higher education; and
``(8) the National Quantum Information Science Research
Centers.
``(d) Security.--In carrying out the activities authorized
by this section, the Secretary, in consultation with the
Director of the National Science Foundation and the Director
of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, shall
ensure proper security controls are in place to protect
sensitive information, as appropriate.
``(e) Funding.--Out of funds authorized to be appropriated
for the Department of Energy's Office of Science, there shall
be made available to the Secretary to carry out the
activities under this section--
``(1) $30,000,000 for fiscal year 2022;
``(2) $50,000,000 for fiscal year 2023;
``(3) $70,000,000 for fiscal year 2024;
``(4) $90,000,000 for fiscal year 2025; and
``(5) $100,000,000 for fiscal year 2026.
``(f) Equitable Use of High-performance Computing
Capabilities.--
``(1) Sense of congress.--It is the sense of Congress that
machine learning algorithms can exhibit biases that cause
harm to historically marginalized communities.
``(2) Policy.--In leveraging high-performance computing
systems for research purposes, including through the use of
machine learning algorithms for data analysis, the Secretary
shall ensure that such capabilities are employed in a manner
that mitigates and, to the maximum extent practicable, avoids
harmful algorithmic bias and equitably addresses challenges
impacting different populations, including historically
marginalized communities.''.
(B) The table of contents in section 1(b) of the National
Quantum Initiative Act is amended by inserting after the item
relating to section 402 the following items:
``Sec. 403. Department of energy quantum network infrastructure
research and development program.
``Sec. 404. Department of energy quantum user expansion for science and
technology program.''.
SEC. 6. FUSION ENERGY RESEARCH.
(a) Fusion Energy Research.--Section 307 of the Department
of Energy Research and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 18645) is
amended--
(1) in subsection (b)--
(A) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by striking ``As
part of'' and inserting the following:
``(1) In general.--As part of'';
(B) by redesignating--
(i) paragraphs (1) and (2) as subparagraphs (A) and (B),
respectively (and by adjusting the margins of such
subparagraphs accordingly); and
[[Page H3213]]
(ii) in subparagraph (B) (as redesignated by clause (i)),
subparagraphs (A) and (B) as clauses (i) and (ii),
respectively (and by adjusting the margins of such clauses
accordingly); and
(C) by adding at the end the following:
``(2) Authorization of appropriations.--Out of funds
authorized to be appropriated under subsection (r), there are
authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out
activities described in paragraph (1) $50,000,000 for each of
fiscal years 2022 through 2026.'';
(2) in subsection (d)(3)--
(A) by striking the period at the end and inserting ``and
$40,000,000 for fiscal year 2026.''; and
(B) by striking ``(o)'' and inserting ``(r)''; and
(3) in subsection (e)(4)--
(A) by striking the period at the end and inserting ``and
$75,000,000 for fiscal year 2026.''; and
(B) by striking ``(o)'' and inserting ``(r)'';
(4) in subsection (i)(10)--
(A) In the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by striking
``(o)'' and inserting ``(r)'';
(B) in subparagraph (D), by striking ``; and'' and
inserting a semicolon;
(C) in subparagraph (E), by striking the period at the end
and inserting ``; and''; and
(D) by adding at the end the following:
``(F) $45,000,000 for fiscal year 2026.'';
(5) in subsection (j)--
(A) by striking ``The Director'' and all that follows
through the period and inserting the following:
``(1) In general.--
``(A) Establishment.--Within 180 days of enactment of the
Department of Energy Science for the Future Act, the Director
shall establish at least 2 national teams, including public-
private partnerships, that will develop conceptual pilot
plant designs and technology roadmaps and lead to an
engineering design of a pilot plant that will bring fusion to
commercial viability.
``(B) Composition.--The national teams shall be composed of
developers, manufacturers, universities, national
laboratories, and engineering, procurement, and construction
industries.''; and
(B) by adding at the end the following:
``(2) Authorization of appropriations.--There are
authorized to be appropriated to carry out activities
described in paragraph (1)--
``(A) $20,000,000 for fiscal year 2022;
``(B) $35,000,000 for fiscal year 2023;
``(C) $50,000,000 for fiscal year 2024;
``(D) $65,000,000 for fiscal year 2025; and
``(E) $80,000,000 for fiscal year 2026.'';
(6) in subsection (l)--
(A) by striking ``sense of Congress that the United States
should support'' and inserting ``sense of Congress that--'';
``(1) the United States should support'';
(B) in paragraph (1) (as so designated by subparagraph (A)
of this paragraph), by striking the period at the end and
inserting ``; and''; and
(C) by adding at the end the following:
``(2) the Director shall incorporate the findings and
recommendations of the report of the Fusion Energy Sciences
Advisory Committee entitled `Powering the Future: Fusion and
Plasmas' and the report of the National Academies of Science,
Engineering, and Medicine entitled ``Bringing Fusion to the
U.S. Grid'' into the planning process of the Department,
including the development of future budget requests to
Congress.'';
(7) by redesignating subsection (o) as subsection (r);
(8) by inserting after subsection (n) the following:
``(o) High-performance Computation Collaborative Research
Program.--
``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall carry out a program
to conduct and support collaborative research, development,
and demonstration of fusion energy technologies, through
high-performance computation modeling and simulation
techniques, in order to--
``(A) support fundamental research in plasmas and matter at
very high temperatures and densities;
``(B) inform the development of a broad range of fusion
energy systems; and
``(C) facilitate the translation of research results in
fusion energy science to industry.
``(2) Coordination.--In carrying out the program under
paragraph (1), the Secretary shall coordinate with relevant
Federal agencies, and prioritize the following objectives:
``(A) Using expertise from the private sector, institutions
of higher education, and the National Laboratories to
leverage existing, and develop new, computational software
and capabilities that prospective users may use to accelerate
research and development of fusion energy systems.
``(B) Developing computational tools to simulate and
predict fusion energy science phenomena that may be validated
through physical experimentation.
``(C) Increasing the utility of the research infrastructure
of the Department by coordinating with the Advanced
Scientific Computing Research program within the Office of
Science.
``(D) Leveraging experience from existing modeling and
simulation entities sponsored by the Department.
``(E) Ensuring that new experimental and computational
tools are accessible to relevant research communities,
including private sector entities engaged in fusion energy
technology development.
``(F) Ensuring that newly developed computational tools are
compatible with modern virtual engineering and visualization
capabilities to accelerate the realization of fusion energy
technologies and systems.
``(3) Duplication.--The Secretary shall ensure the
coordination of, and avoid unnecessary duplication of, the
activities of this program with the activities of--
``(A) other research entities of the Department, including
the National Laboratories, the Advanced Research Projects
Agency-Energy, the Advanced Scientific Computing Research
program; and
``(B) industry.
``(4) High-performance computing for fusion innovation
center.--In carrying out the program under paragraph (1), the
Secretary shall, in coordination with the Innovation Network
for Fusion Energy, establish and operate a national High-
Performance Computing for Fusion Innovation Center (referred
to in this subsection as the `Center'), to support the
program under paragraph (1) by providing, to the extent
practicable, a centralized entity for multidisciplinary,
collaborative, fusion energy research and development through
high performance computing and advanced data analytics
technologies and processes.
``(5) Selection.--The Secretary shall select the Center
under this subsection on a competitive, merit-reviewed basis.
The Secretary shall consider applications from National
Laboratories, institutions of higher education, multi-
institutional collaborations, and other appropriate entities.
``(6) Existing activities.--The Center may incorporate
existing research activities that are consistent with the
program described in paragraph (1).
``(7) Duration.--The Center established under this
subsection shall receive support for a period of not more
than 5 years, subject to the availability of appropriations.
``(8) Renewal.--Upon the expiration of any period of
support of the Center, the Secretary may renew support for
the Center, on a merit-reviewed basis, for a period of not
more than 5 years.
``(9) Termination.--Consistent with the existing
authorities of the Department, the Secretary may terminate
the Center for cause during the performance period.
``(p) Material Plasma Exposure Experiment.--
``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall construct a Material
Plasma Exposure Experiment facility as described in the 2020
publication approved by the Fusion Energy Sciences Advisory
Committee titled `Powering the Future: Fusion and Plasmas'.
The Secretary shall consult with the private sector,
universities, National Laboratories, and relevant Federal
agencies to ensure that this facility is capable of meeting
Federal research needs for steady state, high-heat-flux and
plasma-material interaction testing of fusion materials over
a range of fusion energy relevant parameters.
``(2) Facility capabilities.--The Secretary shall ensure
that the facility described in paragraph (1) will provide the
following capabilities:
``(A) A magnetic field at the target of 1 Tesla.
``(B) An energy flux at the target of 10 MW/m2.
``(C) The ability to expose previously irradiated plasma
facing material samples to plasma.
``(3) Start of operations.--The Secretary shall, subject to
the availability of appropriations, ensure that the start of
full operations of the facility under this section occurs
before December 31, 2027.
``(4) Funding.--Out of funds authorized to be appropriated
for Fusion Energy Sciences, there are funds authorized to be
appropriated to the Secretary for the Office of Fusion Energy
Sciences to carry out to completion the construction of the
facility under this section:
``(A) $32,800,000 for fiscal year 2022;
``(B) $13,400,000 for fiscal year 2023;
``(C) $12,600,000 for fiscal year 2024; and
``(D) $400,000 for fiscal year 2025.
``(q) Matter in Extreme Conditions Instrument Upgrade.--
``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall provide for the
upgrade to the Matter in Extreme Conditions endstation at the
Linac Coherent Light Source as described in the 2020
publication approved by the Fusion Energy Sciences Advisory
Committee titled `Powering the Future: Fusion and Plasmas'.
The Secretary shall consult with the private sector,
universities, National Laboratories, and relevant Federal
agencies to ensure that this facility is capable of meeting
Federal research needs for understanding physical and
chemical changes to plasmas at fundamental timescales, and
explore new regimes of dense material physics, astrophysics,
planetary physics, and short-pulse laser-plasma interactions.
``(2) Start of operations.--The Secretary shall, subject to
the availability of appropriations, ensure that the start of
full operations of the facility under this section occurs
before December 31, 2028.''; and
(9) in subsection (r), as so redesignated, by striking
paragraphs (2) through (5) and inserting the following:
``(2) $1,002,900,000 for fiscal year 2022;
``(3) $1,095,707,000 for fiscal year 2023;
``(4) $1,129,368,490 for fiscal year 2024;
``(5) $1,149,042,284 for fiscal year 2025; and
``(6) $1,243,097,244 for fiscal year 2026.''.
(b) ITER Construction.--Section 972 of the Energy Policy
Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16312) is amended in subsection
(c)(3)--
[[Page H3214]]
(1) in subparagraph (A), by striking ``and'' at the end;
and
(2) by striking subparagraph (B) and inserting the
following:
``(B) $300,000,000 for fiscal year 2022;
``(C) $325,000,000 for fiscal year 2023;
``(D) $350,000,000 for fiscal year 2024;
``(E) $350,000,000 for fiscal year 2025; and
``(F) $350,000,000 for fiscal year 2026.''.
SEC. 7. HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS PROGRAM.
(a) Program.--Section 305 of the Department of Energy
Research and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 18643) is amended--
(1) by redesignating subsections (b) through (d) as
subsections (d) through (f), respectively; and
(2) by inserting the following after subsection (a):
``(b) Program.--As part of the activities authorized under
section 209 of the Department of Energy Organization Act (42
U.S.C. 7139), the Director shall carry out a research program
in elementary particle physics and advanced technology
research and development to improve the understanding of the
fundamental properties of the universe, including
constituents of matter and energy and the nature of space and
time.
``(c) High Energy Frontier Research.--As part of the
program described in subsection (b), the Director shall carry
out research using high energy accelerators and advanced
detectors, including accelerators and detectors that will
function as national user facilities, to create and study
interactions of elementary particles and investigate
fundamental forces.''.
(b) International Collaboration.--Section 305(d) of the
Department of Energy Research and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C.
18643(d)), as redesignated under subsection (a), is amended
to read as follows:
``(d) International Collaboration.--The Director shall--
``(1) as practicable and in coordination with other
appropriate Federal agencies as necessary, ensure the access
of United States researchers to the most advanced accelerator
facilities and research capabilities in the world, including
the Large Hadron Collider;
``(2) to the maximum extent practicable, continue to
leverage United States participation in the Large Hadron
Collider, and prioritize expanding international partnerships
and investments in the Long-Baseline Neutrino Facility and
Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment; and
``(3) to the maximum extent practicable, prioritize
engagement in collaborative efforts in support of future
international facilities that would provide access to the
most advanced accelerator facilities in the world to United
States researchers.''.
(c) Cosmic Frontier Research.--Section 305(f) of the
Department of Energy Research and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C.
18645(f)), as redesignated by subsection (a), is amended to
read as follows:
``(f) Cosmic Frontier Research.--The Director shall carry
out research activities on the nature of the primary contents
of the universe, including the nature of dark energy and dark
matter. These activities shall, to the maximum extent
practicable, be consistent with the research priorities
identified by the High Energy Physics Advisory Panel or the
National Academy of Sciences, and may include--
``(1) collaborations with the National Aeronautics and
Space Administration, the National Science Foundation, or
international partners on relevant projects; and
``(2) the development of space-based, land-based, water-
based, and underground facilities and experiments.''.
(d) Further Activities.--Section 305 of the Department of
Energy Research and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 18645) is
further amended by adding at the end the following:
``(g) Facility Construction and Major Items of Equipment.--
``(1) Projects.--Consistent with the Office of Science's
project management practices, the Director shall, to the
maximum extent practicable, incorporate the findings and
recommendations of the 2014 Particle Physics Project
Prioritization Panel (P5) report titled `Building for
Discovery', and support construction or fabrication of--
``(A) an international Long-Baseline Neutrino Facility
based in the United States;
``(B) the Proton Improvement Plan II;
``(C) Second Generation Dark Matter experiments;
``(D) the Legacy Survey of Space and Time camera;
``(E) upgrades to detectors and other components of the
Large Hadron Collider; and
``(F) other high priority projects recommended in the most
recent report of the Particle Physics Project Prioritization
Panel of the High Energy Physics Advisory Panel.
``(2) Long-baseline neutrino facility.--
``(A) In general.--The Secretary shall support construction
of a Long-Baseline Neutrino Facility to facilitate the
international Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment to examine
the fundamental properties of neutrinos, explore physics
beyond the Standard Model, and better clarify the existence
and nature of antimatter.
``(B) Facility capabilities.--The Secretary shall ensure
that the facility described in subparagraph (A) will provide,
at a minimum, the following capabilities:
``(i) A neutrino beam with wideband capability of 1.2
megawatts (MW) of beam power and upgradable to 2.4 MW of beam
power.
``(ii) Three caverns excavated for a 70 kiloton fiducial
detector mass and supporting surface buildings and utilities.
``(iii) Cryogenic systems to support neutrino detectors.
``(C) Start of operations.--The Secretary shall, subject to
the availability of appropriations, ensure that the start of
full operations of the facility under this subsection occurs
before December 31, 2031.
``(D) Funding.--Out of funds authorized to be appropriated
under subsection (k), there shall be made available to the
Secretary to carry out construction of the facility under
this subsection--
``(i) $200,000,000 for fiscal year 2022;
``(ii) $325,000,000 for fiscal year 2023;
``(iii) $400,000,000 for fiscal year 2024;
``(iv) $375,000,000 for fiscal year 2025; and
``(v) $250,000,000 for fiscal year 2026.
``(3) Proton improvement plan-ii accelerator upgrade
project.--
``(A) In general.--The Secretary of Energy shall support
construction of the Proton Improvement Plan II, an upgrade to
the Fermilab accelerator complex identified in the 2014
Particle Physics Project Prioritization Panel (P5) report
titled `Building for Discovery', to provide the world's most
intense beam of neutrinos to the international Long Baseline
Neutrino Facility as well as abroad range of future high
energy physics experiments. The Secretary of Energy shall
work with international partners to enable further
significant contributions to the capabilities of this
project.
``(B) Facility capabilities.--The Secretary shall ensure
that the facility described in paragraph (1) will provide, at
a minimum, the following capabilities:
``(i) A state-of-the-art 800 megaelectron volt (MeV)
superconducting linear accelerator.
``(ii) Proton beam power of 1.2 MW at the start of LBNF/
DUNE, upgradeable to 2.4 MW of beam power.
``(iii) A flexible design to enable high power beam
delivery to multiple users simultaneously and customized
beams tailored to specific scientific needs.
``(iv) Sustained high reliability operation of the Fermilab
accelerator complex.
``(C) Start of operations.--The Secretary shall, subject to
the availability of appropriations, ensure that the start of
full operations of the facility under this section occurs
before December 31, 2028.
``(D) Funding.--Out of funds authorized to be appropriated
under subsection (k), there shall be made available to the
Secretary to carry out construction of the facility under
this subsection--
``(i) $191,000,000 for fiscal year 2022;
``(ii) $150,000,000 for fiscal year 2023;
``(iii) $120,000,000 for fiscal year 2024;
``(iv) $120,000,000 for fiscal year 2025; and
``(v) $100,000,000 for fiscal year 2026.
``(4) Cosmic microwave background stage 4.--
``(A) In general.--The Secretary of Energy, in partnership
with the Director of the National Science Foundation, shall
support construction of the Cosmic Microwave Background Stage
4 project to survey the cosmic microwave background to test
theories of cosmic inflation as described in the 2014
Particle Physics Prioritization Panel (P5) report titled
`Building for Discovery: Strategic Plan for U.S. Particle
Physics in the Global Context.'.
``(B) Consultation.--The Secretary shall consult with the
private sector, universities, National Laboratories, and
relevant Federal agencies to ensure that this experiment is
capable of meeting Federal research needs in accessing the
ultra-high energy physics of inflation and important neutrino
properties.
``(C) Experimental capabilities.--The Secretary shall
ensure to the maximum extent practicable that the facility
described in subsection (a) will provide at minimum, 500,000
superconducting detectors deployed on an array of mm wave
telescopes with the required range in frequency, sensitivity,
and survey speed which will provide sufficient capability to
enable an order of magnitude advance in observations of the
Cosmic Microwave Background, delivering transformative
discoveries in fundamental physics, cosmology, and
astrophysics.
``(D) Start of operations.--The Secretary shall, subject to
the availability of appropriations, ensure that the start of
full operations of the facility under this section occurs
before December 31, 2030.
``(E) Funding.--Out of funds authorized to be appropriated
under subsection (k), there shall be made available to the
Secretary to carry out construction of the facility under
this subsection--
``(i) $37,000,000 for fiscal year 2022;
``(ii) $50,000,000 for fiscal year 2023;
``(iii) $70,000,000 for fiscal year 2024;
``(iv) $80,000,000 for fiscal year 2025; and
``(v) $90,000,000 for fiscal year 2026.
``(h) Accelerator and Detector Upgrades.--The Director
shall upgrade accelerator facilities and detectors, as
necessary and appropriate, to increase beam power, sustain
high reliability, and improve precision measurement to
advance the highest priority particle physics research
programs. In carrying out facility upgrades, the Director
shall continue to work with international partners, when
appropriate and in the United States' interest, to leverage
investments and expertise in critical technologies to help
build and upgrade accelerator and detector facilities in the
United States.
``(i) Accelerator and Detector Research and Development.--
As part of the program described in subsection (b), the
Director shall carry out research and development in
[[Page H3215]]
particle beam physics, accelerator science and technology,
and particle and radiation detection with relevance to the
specific needs of the High Energy Physics program, in
coordination with the Accelerator Research and Development
program authorized in section 310.
``(j) Underground Science.--The Director shall--
``(1) support an underground science program consistent
with the missions of the Department and the scientific needs
of the High Energy Physics program, including those
articulated in the most recent report of the Particle Physics
Project Prioritization Panel of the High Energy Physics
Advisory Panel, that leverages the capabilities of relevant
underground science and engineering facilities; and
``(2) carry out a competitive grant program to award
scientists and engineers at institutions of higher education,
nonprofit institutions, and National Laboratories to conduct
research in underground science and engineering.
``(k) Authorization of Appropriations.--There are
authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out
the activities described in this section--
``(1) $1,355,690,000 for fiscal year 2022;
``(2) $1,517,628,300 for fiscal year 2023;
``(3) $1,652,112,281 for fiscal year 2024;
``(4) $1,711,460,141 for fiscal year 2025; and
``(5) $1,656,012,351 for fiscal year 2026.''.
SEC. 8. NUCLEAR PHYSICS PROGRAM.
(a) Program.--Section 308 of the Department of Energy
Research and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 18646) is amended--
(1) by striking subsection (a);
(2) by redesignating subsection (b) as subsection (d); and
(3) by inserting the following before subsection (d), as so
redesignated:
``(a) Program.--As part of the activities authorized under
section 209 of the Department of Energy Organization Act (42
U.S.C. 7139), the Director shall carry out a research
program, and support relevant facilities, to discover and
understand various forms of nuclear matter.
``(b) User Facilities.--
``(1) Facility for rare isotope beams.--
``(A) In general.--The Secretary shall support construction
of a Facility for Rare Isotope Beams to advance the
understanding of rare nuclear isotopes and the evolution of
the cosmos.
``(B) Funding.--Out of funds authorized to be appropriated
under subsection (c), there shall be made available to the
Secretary to carry out construction of the facility under
this subsection $2,000,000 for fiscal year 2022.
``(C) Start of operations.--The Secretary shall, subject to
the availability of appropriations, ensure that the start of
full operations of the facility under this section occurs
before March 1, 2022.
``(2) Electron-ion collider.--
``(A) In general.--The Secretary shall support construction
of an Electron Ion Collider as described in the 2015 Long
Range Plan of the Nuclear Science Advisory Committee and the
report from the National Academies of Science, Engineering,
and Medicine titled `An Assessment of U.S.-Based Electron-Ion
Collider Science', in order to measure the internal structure
of the proton and the nucleus and answer fundamental
questions about the nature of visible matter.
``(B) Facility capability.--The Secretary shall ensure that
the facility meets the requirements in the 2015 Long Range
Plan, including--
``(i) at least 70 percent polarized beams of electrons and
light ions;
``(ii) ion beams from deuterium to the heaviest stable
nuclei;
``(iii) variable center of mass energy from 20 to 140 GeV;
``(iv) high collision luminosity of
1033-34cm-2s-1; and
``(v) the possibility of more than one interaction region.
``(C) Start of operations.--The Secretary shall, subject to
the availability of appropriations, ensure that the start of
full operations of the facility under this section occurs
before December 31, 2030.
``(D) Funding.--Out of funds authorized to be appropriated
under subsection (c), there shall be made available to the
Secretary to carry out construction of the facility under
this subsection--
``(i) $101,000,000 for fiscal year 2022;
``(ii) $155,000,000 for fiscal year 2023;
``(iii) $250,000,000 for fiscal year 2024;
``(iv) $300,000,000 for fiscal year 2025; and
``(v) $305,000,000 for fiscal year 2026.
``(c) Authorization of Appropriations.--There are
authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out
the activities described in this section--
``(1) $780,000,000 for fiscal year 2022;
``(2) $879,390,000 for fiscal year 2023;
``(3) $1,025,097,300 for fiscal year 2024;
``(4) $1,129,354,111 for fiscal year 2025; and
``(5) $1,192,408,899 for fiscal year 2026.''.
SEC. 9. ACCELERATOR RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT.
The Department of Energy Research and Innovation Act (42
U.S.C. 18601 et seq.) is amended by adding after section 309
the following:
``SEC. 310. ACCELERATOR RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT.
``(a) Program.--As part of the activities authorized under
section 209 of the Department of Energy Organization Act (42
U.S.C. 7139), the Director shall carry out a research program
to--
``(1) advance accelerator science and technology relevant
to the Department, other Federal agencies, and U.S. industry;
``(2) foster partnerships to develop, demonstrate, and
enable the commercial application of accelerator
technologies;
``(3) support the development of a skilled, diverse, and
inclusive accelerator workforce; and
``(4) provide access to accelerator design and engineering
resources.
``(b) Accelerator Research.--In carrying out the program
authorized under subsection (a), the Director shall support--
``(1) research activities in cross-cutting accelerator
technologies including superconducting magnets and
accelerators, beam physics, data analytics-based accelerator
controls, simulation software, new particle sources, advanced
laser technology, and transformative research; and
``(2) optimal operation of the Accelerator Test Facility.
``(c) Accelerator Development.--In carrying out the program
authorized under subsection (a), the Director shall support
partnerships to foster the development, demonstration, and
commercial application of accelerator technologies including,
advanced superconducting wire and cable, superconducting RF
cavities, and high efficiency radiofrequency power sources
for accelerators.
``(d) Research Collaborations.--In developing accelerator
technologies under the program authorized in subsection (a),
the Director shall--
``(1) consider the requirements necessary to support
translational research and development for medical,
industrial, security, and defense applications; and
``(2) leverage investments in accelerator technologies and
fundamental research in particle physics by partnering with
institutes of higher education, industry, and other Federal
agencies to enable the commercial application of advanced
accelerator technologies.
``(e) Authorization of Appropriations.--There are
authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out
the activities described in this section--
``(1) $24,000,000 for fiscal year 2022;
``(2) $25,680,000 for fiscal year 2023;
``(3) $27,477,600 for fiscal year 2024;
``(4) $29,401,032 for fiscal year 2025; and
``(5) $31,459,104 for fiscal year 2026.''.
SEC. 10. ISOTOPE DEVELOPMENT AND PRODUCTION FOR RESEARCH
APPLICATIONS.
The Department of Energy Research and Innovation Act (42
U.S.C. 18601 et seq.) is amended by adding after section 310
as added by this Act the following:
``SEC. 311. ISOTOPE DEVELOPMENT AND PRODUCTION FOR RESEARCH
APPLICATIONS.
``(a) In General.--The Director--
``(1) shall carry out a program in coordination with other
relevant programs across the Department for the production of
isotopes, including the development of techniques to produce
isotopes, that the Secretary determines are needed for
research, medical, industrial, or related purposes, to the
maximum extent practicable, in accordance with the 2015
Nuclear Science Advisory Committee `Meeting Isotope Needs and
Capturing Opportunities For The Future' report; and
``(2) shall ensure that isotope production activities
carried out under the program under this paragraph do not
compete with private industry unless the Director determines
that critical national interests require the involvement of
the Federal Government.
``(b) Authorization of Appropriations.--There are
authorized to be appropriated to carry out the program under
this section--
``(1) $90,000,000 for fiscal year 2022;
``(2) $96,300,000 for fiscal year 2023;
``(3) $103,041,000 for fiscal year 2024;
``(4) $110,253,870 for fiscal year 2025; and
``(5) $117,971,641 for fiscal year 2026.''.
SEC. 11. SCIENCE LABORATORIES INFRASTRUCTURE PROGRAM.
(a) Program.--Section 309 of the Department of Energy
Research and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 18647) is amended by
adding at the end the following:
``(c) Approach.--In carrying out this section, the Director
shall utilize all available approaches and mechanisms,
including capital line items, minor construction projects,
energy savings performance contracts, and utility energy
service contracts, as appropriate.
``(d) Mid-scale Instrumentation Program.--The Director, in
coordination with each of the programs carried out by the
Office of Science, shall establish a mid-scale
instrumentation program to enable the development and
acquisition of novel, state-of-the-art instruments ranging in
cost from $1 million to $20 million each that would
significantly accelerate scientific breakthroughs at user
facilities.
``(e) Authorization of Appropriations.--There are
authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out
the activities described in this section $500,000,000 for
each of fiscal years 2022 through 2026.''.
SEC. 12. INCREASED COLLABORATION WITH TEACHERS AND
SCIENTISTS.
(a) In General.--The Department of Energy Research and
Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 18601 et seq.) is amended by adding
after section 311, as added by this Act, the following:
``SEC. 312. INCREASED COLLABORATION WITH TEACHERS AND
SCIENTISTS.
``The Director shall support the development of a
scientific workforce through programs that facilitate
collaboration between
[[Page H3216]]
K-12, university students, early-career researchers, faculty,
and the National Laboratories, including through the use of
proven techniques to expand the number of individuals from
underrepresented groups pursuing and attaining skills or
undergraduate and graduate degrees relevant to the Office's
mission.''.
(b) Authorization of Appropriations.--Section 3169 of the
Department of Energy Science Education Enhancement Act (42
U.S.C. 7381e) is amended--
(1) by striking, ``programs'', and inserting ``programs,
including the NSF INCLUDES National Network,''; and
(2) by striking, ``year 1991'', and inserting ``years 2022
through 2026''.
(c) Broadening Participation in Workforce Development for
Teachers and Scientists.--
(1) In general.--The Department of Energy Science Education
Enhancement Act (42 U.S.C. 7381 et seq.) is amended by
inserting the following sections after section 3167 (42
U.S.C. 7381c-1):
``SEC. 3167A. BROADENING PARTICIPATION FOR TEACHERS AND
SCIENTISTS.
``(a) In General.--The Secretary shall expand opportunities
to increase the number and the diversity, equity, and
inclusion of highly skilled science, technology, engineering,
and mathematics (STEM) professionals working in Department of
Energy mission-relevant disciplines and broaden the
recruitment pool to increase diversity, including expanded
partnerships with Historically Black Colleges, Tribal
Colleges, Minority Serving Institutions, emerging research
institutions, and scientific societies.
``(b) Plan.--Not later than 1 year after the date of
enactment of the Department of Energy Science for the Future
Act, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Science,
Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives and the
Committee on Energy and Natural Resources and the Committee
on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate and
make available to the public a plan for broadening
participation of underrepresented groups in science,
technology, engineering, and mathematics in programs
supported by the Department programs, including--
``(1) a plan for supporting and leveraging the National
Science Foundation INCLUDES National Network;
``(2) metrics for assessing the participation of
underrepresented groups in Department programs;
``(3) experienced and potential barriers to broadening
participation of underrepresented groups in Department
programs, including recommended solutions; and
``(4) any other activities the Secretary finds appropriate.
``(c) Authorization of Appropriations.--Of the amounts
authorized to be appropriated in section 3169 (42 U.S.C.
7381e), at least $2,000,000 shall be made available each
fiscal year for the activities described under this
subsection.
``SEC. 3167B. EXPANDING OPPORTUNITIES TO INCREASE THE
DIVERSITY, EQUITY, AND INCLUSION OF HIGHLY
SKILLED SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING, AND
MATHEMATICS (STEM) PROFESSIONALS.
``(a) In General.--The Secretary shall expand opportunities
to increase the number and the diversity, equity, and
inclusion of highly skilled science, technology, engineering,
and mathematics (STEM) professionals working in Department of
Energy mission-relevant disciplines and broaden the
recruitment pool to increase diversity, including expanded
partnerships with minority-serving institutions, non-Research
I universities, and scientific societies.
``(b) Plan and Outreach Strategy.--
``(1) Plan.--Not later than 6 months after the date of
enactment of the Department of Energy Science for the Future
Act, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Science,
Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives and the
Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate a 10-
year educational plan to fund and expand new or existing
programs administered by the Office of Science and sited at
the National Laboratories and Department of Energy user
facilities to expand educational and workforce opportunities
for underrepresented high school, undergraduate, and graduate
students as well as recent graduates, teachers and faculty in
STEM fields. This may include paid internships, fellowships,
temporary employment, training programs, visiting student and
faculty programs, sabbaticals, and research support.
``(2) Outreach capacity.--The Secretary shall include in
the plan under paragraph (1) an outreach strategy to improve
the advertising, recruitment, and promotion of educational
and workforce programs to community colleges, Historically
Black Colleges and Universities, Tribal Colleges, Minority
Serving Institutions, and emerging research institutions.
``(c) Building Research Capacity.--The Secretary shall
develop programs that strengthen the research capacity
relevant to Office of Science disciplines at emerging
research institutions, including minority-serving
institutions, tribal colleges and universities, Historically
Black Colleges and Universities, and colleges and
universities. This may include enabling mutually beneficial
and jointly managed partnerships between research-intensive
institutions and emerging research institutions, and
soliciting research proposals, fellowships, training
programs, and research support directly from emerging
research institutions.
``(d) Traineeships.--The Secretary shall establish a
university-led Traineeship Program to address workforce
training needs in STEM fields relevant to the Department. The
focus should be on supporting training and research
experiences for underrepresented undergraduate and graduate
students and increasing participation from underrepresented
populations. The traineeships should include opportunities to
build the next-generation workforce in research areas
critical to maintaining core competencies across the Office
of Science's programs.
``(e) Evaluation.--The Secretary shall establish key
performance indicators to measure and monitor progress of
education and workforce programs and expand Departmental
activities for data collection and analysis. The Secretary
shall submit a report 2 years after the date of enactment of
the Department of Energy Science for the Future Act, and
every 2 years thereafter, to the Committee on Science, Space,
and Technology of the House of Representatives and the
Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate
summarizing progress toward meeting key performance
indicators.
``(f) Definitions.--In this section:
``(1) Minority-serving institution.--The term `minority-
serving institution' includes the entities described in any
of paragraphs (1) through (7) of section 371(a) of the Higher
Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1067q(a)).
``(2) Historically black college and universities.--The
term `Historically Black Colleges and Universities' has the
meaning given in `part B institution' in section 322 of the
Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1061).
``(3) STEM.--The term `STEM' means the field or disciplines
listed in section 2 of the STEM Education Act of 2015 (42
U.S.C. 6621 note).
``(4) Tribal colleges and universities.--The term `Tribal
College or University' has the meaning given in section 316
of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1059c).''.
(2) Clerical amendment.--The table of contents in section
2(b) of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal
Year 1991 is amended by inserting after the item relating to
section 3167 the following:
``Sec. 3167A. Broadening participation for teachers and scientists.
``Sec. 3167B. Expanding opportunities to increase the diversity,
equity, and inclusion of highly skilled science,
technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM)
professionals.''.
SEC. 13. HIGH INTENSITY LASER RESEARCH INITIATIVE; OFFICE OF
SCIENCE EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASE COMPUTING
RESEARCH INITIATIVE; HELIUM CONSERVATION
PROGRAM; AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.
(a) In General.--The Department of Energy Research and
Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 18601 et seq.) is amended by adding
at the end the following:
``SEC. 313. HIGH INTENSITY LASER RESEARCH INITIATIVE.
``(a) In General.--The Director shall establish a high
intensity laser research initiative consistent with the
recommendations of the National Academies report,
`Opportunities in Intense Ultrafast Lasers: Reaching for the
Brightest Light', and the report from the Brightest Light
Initiative workshop on `The Future of Intense Ultrafast
Lasers in the U.S.'. This initiative should include research
and development of petawatt-scale and of high average power
laser technologies necessary for future facility needs in
discovery science and to advance energy technologies, as well
as support for a user network of academic and national
laboratory high intensity laser facilities.
``(b) Leverage.--The Director shall leverage new laser
technologies for more compact, less complex, and low-cost
accelerator systems needed for science applications.
``(c) Coordination.--The Director shall coordinate this
initiative among all relevant programs within the Office of
Science, and the Under Secretary for Science shall coordinate
this initiative with other relevant programs within the
Department as well as within other Federal agencies.
``(d) Authorization of Appropriations.--Out of funds
authorized to be appropriated for the Office of Science there
are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry
out the activities described in this section--
``(1) $50,000,000 for fiscal year 2022;
``(2) $100,000,000 for fiscal year 2023;
``(3) $150,000,000 for fiscal year 2024;
``(4) $200,000,000 for fiscal year 2025; and
``(5) $250,000,000 for fiscal year 2026.
``SEC. 314. HELIUM CONSERVATION PROGRAM.
``(a) In General.--The Secretary shall establish a program
to reduce the consumption of helium for Department grant
recipients and facilities and encourage helium recycling and
reuse. The program shall competitively award grants for--
``(1) the purchase of equipment to capture, reuse, and
recycle helium;
``(2) the installation, maintenance, and repair of new and
existing helium capture, reuse, and recycling equipment; and
``(3) helium alternatives research and development
activities.
``(b) Report.--In carrying out the program under this
section, the Director shall submit to the Committee on
Science, Space, and Technology of House of Representatives
and the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the
Senate a report, not later than two years after the date of
enactment of the
[[Page H3217]]
Department of Energy Science for the Future Act, and every 3
years thereafter, on the purchase of helium as part of
research projects and facilities supported by the Department.
The report shall include--
``(1) the quantity of helium purchased for projects and
facilities supported by Department grants;
``(2) a cost-analysis for such helium;
``(3) the predominant production sources for such helium;
``(4) expected or experienced impacts of helium supply
shortages or prices on the research projects and facilities
supported by the Department; and
``(5) recommendations for reducing Department grant
recipients' exposure to volatile helium prices.
``(c) Coordination.--In carrying out the program under this
section, the Director shall coordinate with the National
Science Foundation and other relevant Federal agencies on
helium conservation activities.
``(d) Duration.--The program established under this section
shall receive support for a period of not more than 5 years,
subject to the availability of appropriations.
``(e) Renewal.--Upon expiration of any period of support of
the program under this section, the Director may renew
support for the program for a period of not more than 5
years.
``SEC. 315. OFFICE OF SCIENCE EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASE
COMPUTING RESEARCH INITIATIVE.
``(a) In General.--The Secretary, in coordination with the
Director of the National Science Foundation and the
Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space
Administration, shall establish within the Office of Science,
a cross-cutting research initiative to leverage the Federal
Government's innovative analytical resources and tools, user
facilities, and advanced computational and networking
capabilities in order to prevent, prepare for, and respond to
emerging infectious diseases, including COVID-19. The
Secretary shall carry out this initiative through a
competitive, merit-reviewed process, and consider
applications from National Laboratories, institutions of
higher education, multi-institutional collaborations,
industry partners and other appropriate entities.
``(b) Activities.--In carrying out the initiative
established under subsection (a), the Secretary shall
coordinate with programs across the Office of Science and
with relevant Federal agencies to determine a comprehensive
set of technical milestones for these research activities and
prioritize the following objectives--
``(1) supporting fundamental research and development in
advanced analytics, experimental studies, materials
synthesis, high-performance computing technologies needed to
characterize, model, simulate, and predict complex phenomena
and biological materials related to emerging infectious
diseases, including COVID-19 challenges, including a focus on
testing and diagnostics, experimental data acquisition,
sharing and management, advanced manufacturing, and molecular
design and modeling;
``(2) using expertise from the private sector, institutions
of higher education, and the National Laboratories to develop
computational software and capabilities that prospective
users may accelerate emerging infectious diseases research
and development;
``(3) leveraging the research infrastructure of the
Department, including scientific computing user facilities,
x-ray light sources, neutron scattering facilities, nanoscale
science research centers, and sequencing and bio-
characterization facilities by coordinating with the Advanced
Scientific Computing Research, Basic Energy Sciences, and
Biological and Environmental Research programs within the
Office of Science;
``(4) leveraging experience from existing modeling and
simulation research and work sponsored by the Department and
promoting collaboration and data sharing between National
Laboratories, research entities, and user facilities of the
Department by providing the necessary access and secure data
transfer capabilities; and
``(5) ensuring that new experimental and computational
tools are accessible to relevant research communities,
including private sector entities to address emerging
infectious diseases, including COVID-19 challenges.
``(c) Coordination.--In carrying out this initiative, the
Secretary shall ensure, to the maximum extent practicable,
coordination of these activities with the Department of
Energy National Laboratories, institutions of higher
education, and the private sector.
``(d) Emerging Infectious Diseases High Performance
Computing Research Consortium.--
``(1) In general.--The Secretary in coordination with the
Director of the National Science Foundation and the Director
of the Office of Science and Technology Policy shall
establish and operate an Emerging Infectious Diseases High
Performance Computing Research Consortium (referred to in
this section as the `Consortium'), to support the initiative
under subsection (a) by providing, to the extent practicable,
a centralized entity for multidisciplinary, collaborative,
emerging infectious disease research and development through
high performance computing and advanced data analytics
technologies and processes.
``(2) Membership.--The members of such consortium may
include representatives from relevant Federal agencies, the
private sector, institutions of higher education, which can
each contribute relevant compute time, capabilities, or other
resources.
``(3) Activities.--The Consortium shall--
``(A) match applicants with available Federal and private
sector computing resources;
``(B) consider supplemental awards for computing
partnerships with Consortium members to qualifying entities
on a competitive merit-review basis;
``(C) encourage collaboration and communication among
member representatives of the consortium and awardees;
``(D) make available the high-performance computing
capabilities, expertise, and user facilities of the
Department and the National Laboratories; and
``(E) submit an annual report to the Secretary summarizing
the activities of the Consortium, including--
``(i) describing each project undertaken by the Consortium;
``(ii) detailing organizational expenditures; and
``(iii) evaluating contribution to the achievement of
technical milestones as determined in subsection (a).
``(4) Coordination.--The Secretary shall ensure the
coordination of, and avoid unnecessary duplication of, the
activities of the Consortium with the activities of other
research entities of the Department, institutions of higher
education and the private sector.
``(e) Report.--Not later than 2 years after the date of
enactment of the Department of Energy Science for the Future
Act, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Science,
Space, and Technology of the House, and the Committee on
Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate, and the Committee
on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate a
report detailing the effectiveness of--
``(1) the interagency coordination between each Federal
agency involved in the research initiative carried out under
this section;
``(2) the collaborative research achievements of the
initiative, including the achievement of the technical
milestones determined under subsection (a); and
``(3) potential opportunities to expand the technical
capabilities of the Department.
``(f) Funding.--From within funds authorized to be
appropriated for the Department's Office of Science, there
shall be made available to the Secretary to carry out the
activities under this subsection, $50,000,000 for fiscal
years 2022 and 2023.
``(g) Prohibition.--
``(1) In general.--In carrying out this Act, the Secretary
may not carry out gain-of-function research of concern.
``(2) Gain-of-function research defined.--For the purposes
of this subsection, `gain-of-function research of concern'
means research activities with the potential to generate
pathogens with high transmissibility and high virulence in
humans.
``SEC. 316. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.
``There are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary
to carry out the activities described in this title--
``(1) $8,801,915,000 for fiscal year 2022;
``(2) $9,451,015,300 for fiscal year 2023;
``(3) $10,160,677,621 for fiscal year 2024;
``(4) $10,693,625,004 for fiscal year 2025; and
``(5) $11,145,798,345 for fiscal year 2026.''.
(b) Table of Contents.--Section 1(b) of the Department of
Energy Research and Innovation Act is amended in the table of
contents by inserting after the item relating to section 309
the following:
``Sec. 310. Accelerator research and development.
``Sec. 311. Isotope Development and Production for Research
Applications.
``Sec. 312. Increased collaboration with teachers and scientists.
``Sec. 313. High intensity laser research initiative.
``Sec. 314. Helium conservation program.
``Sec. 315. Office of Science Emerging Infectious Disease Computing
Research Initiative.
``Sec. 316. Authorization of appropriations.''.
SEC. 14. STATE-OWNED ENTERPRISES PROHIBITION.
(a) Innovate in America.--In carrying out this Act or the
amendments made by this Act, the Secretary may not award a
contract, subcontract, grant, or loan to an entity that--
(1) is owned or controlled by, is a subsidiary of, or is
otherwise related legally or financially to a corporation
based in a country that--
(A) is identified as a nonmarket economy country (as
defined in section 771(18) of the Tariff Act of 1930 (19
U.S.C. 1677(18))) as of the date of enactment of this Act;
(B) was identified by the United States Trade
Representative in the most recent report required by section
182 of the Trade Act of 1974 (19 U.S.C. 2242) as a priority
foreign country under subsection (a)(2) of that section; and
(C) is subject to monitoring by the Trade Representative
under section 306 of the Trade Act of 1974 (19 U.S.C. 2416);
or
(2) is listed pursuant to section 9(b)(3) of the Uyghur
Human Rights Policy Act of 2020 (Public Law 116-145).
(b) Exception.--For purposes of subsection (a), the
Secretary may issue a waiver, to be made publicly available,
to an entity in which the legal or financial connection to a
corporation is a minority relationship or investment.
(c) International Agreements.--This section shall be
applied in a manner consistent
[[Page H3218]]
with the obligations of the United States under international
agreements.
SEC. 15. DETERMINATION OF BUDGETARY EFFECTS.
The budgetary effects of this Act, for the purpose of
complying with the Statutory Pay-As-You-Go Act of 2010, shall
be determined by reference to the latest statement titled
``Budgetary Effects of PAYGO Legislation'' for this Act,
submitted for printing in the Congressional Record by the
Chairman of the House Budget Committee, provided that such
statement has been submitted prior to the vote on passage.
The SPEAKER pro tempore. Pursuant to the rule, the gentlewoman from
Texas (Ms. Johnson) and the gentleman from Oklahoma (Mr. Lucas) each
will control 20 minutes.
The Chair recognizes the gentlewoman from Texas.
General Leave
Ms. JOHNSON of Texas. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent that all
Members may have 5 legislative days to revise and extend their remarks
and to include extraneous material on H.R. 3593, the bill now under
consideration.
The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there objection to the request of the
gentlewoman from Texas?
There was no objection.
Ms. JOHNSON of Texas. Mr. Speaker, I yield myself such time as I may
consume.
I am very pleased today that we are considering the Department of
Energy Science for the Future Act.
This well-vetted, bipartisan bill will provide the first ever
comprehensive authorization for the Department of Energy's Office of
Science. This office accounts for over half of the Department's
nondefense research and development budget and supports a wide range of
research facilities and activities that are critical to the U.S.
competitiveness and for enabling our clean energy future.
The Office of Science is the Nation's largest supporter of research
in the physical sciences, and it is the lead Federal agency supporting
scientific research for energy applications. H.R. 3593 authorizes
significant, steady, and sustainable growth for the office's wide-
ranging research from climate science to quantum science, and
everything in between.
The bill also ensures the office's construction projects and upgrades
to its world-class scientific user facility have the resources they
need to be completed on time and on budget.
H.R. 3593 is a substantial effort in the fight against climate
change. The bill authorizes research to advance the next generation of
clean energy technologies to help us reach our shared goals of
developing energy that is clean, sustainable, reliable, and affordable.
In carrying out these activities, this bill also directs the office to
support the development of a skilled, diverse, and inclusive workforce
for clean energy researchers, scientists, and professionals.
That is why the bill has been endorsed by stakeholders in the
business community, like the U.S. Chamber of Commerce; the academic
community, like the Association of American Universities; major
scientific associations, like the American Physical and Chemical
Societies; and significant environmental organizations like the
Environmental Defense Fund.
This bill is another strong example of the collaborative bipartisan
approach that our committee has taken. Ranking Member Lucas'
collaborative approach has been crucial in getting us to where we are
today.
Before I yield back, I would like to recognize the Committee on
Science, Space, and Technology staff who worked on this bill, and in
some cases for several years now: Adam Rosenberg, Alyse Huffman,
Sangina Wright, and Bill Kallen. I also recognize the efforts of
Ranking Member Lucas' staff in helping us to get where we are today,
including Hillary O'Brien, Jenn Wickre, and Daniel Dziadon.
I strongly urge my colleagues on both sides of the aisle to support
this bill to dramatically improve the Nation's competitiveness and help
lead us all to a brighter future. Mr. Speaker, I reserve the balance of
my time.
Mr. LUCAS. Mr. Speaker, I yield myself such time as I may consume.
I rise in support of H.R. 3593, the Department of Energy Science for
the Future Act. This legislation, along with H.R. 2225, the NSF for the
Future Act is a comprehensive and strategic approach for investing in
American research and development.
For decades, America has been the global leader in science and
technology development. That success is no accident. It is the result
of two things: A cultural commitment to innovation and exploration, and
a sustained investment in basic research.
This is what makes us uniquely successful. The Federal Government
funds high-risk, high-reward basic research that expands our
fundamental knowledge of science and technology. This research, which
is too costly for the marketplace to fund, produces discoveries that
can then be commercialized through private industry.
Our system maximizes taxpayer investment and takes advantage of
strong public-private partnerships to keep America at the cutting edge
of technological progress.
Unfortunately, our adversaries in China are investing more than us in
R&D in an attempt to take over the lead in science and technology.
The way to stay ahead of China isn't adopting their method of a top-
down, government-mandated, applied research agenda. It is to reinvest
in the basic research, infrastructure, and STEM workers that have
always driven American progress.
H.R. 3593 does just that. It is the first comprehensive authorization
of the Office of Science, which is our Nation's largest Federal sponsor
of basic research in the physical sciences. The DOE Science for the
Future Act invests $50 billion over 5 years in the Office of Science
and the national labs, national scientific user facilities, and the
thousands of researchers its supports.
The DOE Science for the Future Act is an investment in our
technological and clean energy future. It funds research into
materials, chemical, biological, and environmental sciences, as well as
fusion energy, advanced computing capacities, and cutting edge
technologies like artificial intelligence and quantum sciences.
We already know that investments in basic research pay large
dividends. For example, basic research conducted in our national labs
gave us improved hydraulic fracturing technology and allowed us to
produce more clean natural gas. This reduced emissions, lowered energy
costs for Americans, and helped us become a net total energy exporter
for the first time in decades.
That is why everyone who cares about clean energy must care about the
research supported by H.R. 3593. Investing in high-risk, early-stage
research into cutting edge technologies is the only way to ensure that
America stays at the head of the clean energy economy.
Another important provision in the DOE Science for the Future Act is
the creation of a crosscutting Emerging Infectious Disease Research
Initiative to build on DOE's work to better model, understand, and
fight infectious diseases.
As they have shown time and again during the COVID-19 pandemic, our
national labs have an important role to play in supporting public
health. This legislation gives them the resources they need to continue
this work.
H.R. 3593 also funds much-needed infrastructure updates for our
national labs and user facilities. Our ability to conduct world-leading
science depends on having access to world-leading equipment and
facilities.
It also requires having skilled STEM professionals to conduct that
research. Our bill includes workforce development and education
provisions so that we have a thriving STEM pipeline to fill the
technological jobs of the future.
Mr. Speaker, H.R. 3593 is a forward-looking bill that is badly needed
right now to drive American progress and to keep us globally
competitive.
As with the NSF for the Future Act, this legislation was drafted with
extensive input in a bipartisan fashion, and the result is a strategic
and responsible investment in the next generation of breakthrough
energy technologies.
I thank my friend Chairwoman Johnson for all her work with me on this
bill, and I urge my colleagues to pass this now. Mr. Speaker, I reserve
the balance of my time.
Ms. JOHNSON of Texas. Mr. Speaker, I yield such time as she may
consume to the gentlewoman from Wisconsin (Ms. Moore).
Ms. MOORE of Wisconsin. Mr. Speaker, I thank the gentlewoman for
yielding.
[[Page H3219]]
I rise today in support of H.R. 3593, the Department of Energy
Science for the Future Act. As a newly minted member of the Science,
Space, and Technology Committee, I was so proud to see my colleagues on
both sides of the aisle work so hard on this bill to pass it through
committee with amendments from both Democrats and Republicans. I, too,
had an opportunity as a newly minted member to make an impact on this
important legislation.
And I think that it wasn't by accident, and I thank the chairwoman of
the committee, Representative Eddie Bernice Johnson and Representative
Lucas, the ranking member, for creating the environment in which we
could do our work and craft this important legislation.
As you all have heard, the Department of Energy's Office of Science
is a hub of technological advancement and research designed to tackle
our greatest scientific challenges facing the United States.
Through several hearings in the committee, we learned about the DOE
Office of Science's ongoing efforts to support research and to find
solutions.
This bill allows the Office of Science to continue carrying out
nondefense research on a vast array of critical areas. It supports
research to modernize our energy infrastructure, allowing us the tools
to overhaul our outdated energy grid to more climate-friendly
solutions. And we, of course, have seen some of the catastrophic events
caused by the lack of current technologies that recognize the climate
action.
It funds continuing studies in artificial intelligence and quantum
computing, keeping pace with our competitors in the tech sector and
readying our cybersecurity defenses from our adversaries, as we have
seen up close and personal the cost to our country to not keep abreast
of these technologies.
During markup, I was able to offer a provision that was included in
the bill that is before the House today that would prioritize clean
water and watershed research at the Office of Science. My amendment
directs the Office of Science to support clean water and watershed
research that increases the quality and quantity of water across
America, including the treasured Great Lakes.
My home district of Milwaukee shares a coast with Lake Michigan,
which I consider one of my most important constituents.
It is imperative that we study the harmful effects of water
pollution, make investments in technologies to combat the contamination
of our waterways, and to protect drinking water sources that are
critical to every man, woman, and child. We also need to make sure that
water continues to be a resource for commerce.
My amendment also ensures that relevant communities, research
institutions, and nonprofits will be at the table when DOE carries out
these tasks. Innovation doesn't occur in a vacuum, and it is critical
that these research efforts have real world input from key
stakeholders.
Before I close, I want to mention something about the National
Science Foundation, H.R. 2225, which we considered on this floor today.
I thank the chair and the ranking member for leaning in again to put
this together in giving Members an opportunity to weigh in.
As you all know, the NSF is the funder of more than 1,800
institutions in the United States, and they provide tremendous
resources, funding, and opportunities for STEM students. I have been
able to weigh in to make sure that there is diversity and opportunity
in STEM.
I urge my colleagues to support H.R. 3593, the Department of Energy
Science for the Future Act.
{time} 1745
Mr. LUCAS. Mr. Speaker, I yield 6 minutes to the gentleman from Texas
(Mr. Weber), the ranking member of the Subcommittee on Energy.
Mr. WEBER of Texas. Mr. Speaker, I thank Ranking Member Lucas and the
chairwoman of the full committee, Ms. Eddie Bernice Johnson. With this
bill, the two of them have perfectly demonstrated how a committee can
actually function--even with occasional disagreements--to prioritize
shared goals and produce truly great bipartisan products. They are to
be congratulated.
Mr. Speaker, I rise today in strong support of H.R. 3593, the
Department of Energy Science for the Future Act.
After over a decade of budget requests, hearings, stakeholder input,
and information-gathering, I say with a sigh of relief and a great deal
of joy that the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology has a
bipartisan and comprehensive Office of Science authorization.
Although it has taken a little longer than I would have expected, it
couldn't come at a better time. America's scientific enterprise has
never faced a more serious threat from global competition than it does
right now--today.
Innovative science discoveries and advance technology development
aren't just aspirations; they are the actual key to our national
security, as well as our economic prosperity. That is because
innovation and technology are exactly what the Chinese Communist Party
has prioritized in its goal to overtake the United States of America as
a global leader in industries of the future.
Mr. Speaker, if we want to maintain our key edge in technology areas,
like quantum information science and artificial intelligence, and
combat the threat of another country controlling the development of
those cutting-edge technologies and standards, we must take action now.
Mr. Speaker, the solution is really quite simple. We have to invest
in American innovation. Just that simple. We must invest in our
facilities and our research right here in the United States so that we
can ensure the United States remains the global leader in science.
How exactly we go about that might be the subject of some debate, but
I fully believe that the bill that we have before us today is the best
course of action.
The Department of Energy's Office of Science has time and time again
demonstrated that basic science research is the most effective way to
encourage development of those new technologies. And as the largest
Federal sponsor of basic research in the physical sciences, with
unparalleled research capabilities and infrastructure, the Office of
Science and its national laboratories are uniquely equipped to help
America compete.
By authorizing cutting-edge research programs with a responsible,
scalable funding increase and a strategic roadmap for DOE, federally
funded discoveries made through the Office of Science will pave the way
for both public and private American innovators to license technologies
and to launch those startups.
Mr. Speaker, in addition, the Office of Science research in materials
and chemical science, biological and environmental research, and fusion
energy will not only maintain our lead in science, but will also lay
the foundation for the next generation of clean, secure, and exportable
energy technologies. Don't miss that: Clean, exportable, and secure
technologies.
Maximizing the Office of Science's role in our Federal research
enterprise is how we win. This great legislative body and the Federal
Government as a whole cannot and will not duplicate a nonmarket economy
by forcing mandates and regulations. Instead, we can arm our dynamic
private sector with the tools necessary to commercialize sustainable,
affordable, and scalable energy solutions. Again, don't miss that.
Through the DOE Science of the Future Act, we are prioritizing
critical research areas and investing in the science and technology
that will drive development of those technologies into the next
generation. This will allow America's economy to thrive while reducing
global emissions and allowing market-based solutions to flourish. Don't
miss that.
Robust and consistent support for the Office of Science is crucial to
the success and security of the U.S. innovation ecosystem, U.S. energy
independence, and U.S. security.
Mr. Speaker, this bill does that in a clear, streamlined fashion. It
is not bogged down by outside interests or unrelated provisions. We
won't just keep up with China and other foreign adversaries; we will
outpace them and lead, just like the United States of America has
always done.
That is a good thing. That is a very good thing, by the way.
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Mr. Speaker, I take a moment to thank the many stakeholders who have
worked so hard to get this critical legislation done right. Hats off to
all of them.
Mr. Speaker, I urge my colleagues to support this bill. It is a great
one. It is high time we had this one on the floor.
Ms. JOHNSON of Texas. Mr. Speaker, I reserve the balance of my time.
Mr. LUCAS. Mr. Speaker, I am prepared to close, and I yield myself
such time as I may consume.
Mr. Speaker, America's scientific and technological leadership is
being threatened by the Chinese Communist Party, and we must act
urgently to reinvest in our own research and development enterprise.
H.R. 3593 redoubles our commitment to the basic research conducted by
the Department of Energy's Office of Science and our national
laboratories. Together with the NSF for the Future Act, it is a
comprehensive and sustainable approach to American competitiveness.
Mr. Speaker, I thank my staff for everything they have done to help
draft this important legislation. I thank my friend, Chairwoman
Johnson, and her staff for working with us to include Republican
priorities and ensure that this is a truly bipartisan bill.
Mr. Speaker, I urge my colleagues to support this legislation, and I
yield back the balance of my time.
Ms. JOHNSON of Texas. Mr. Speaker, I yield myself such time as I may
consume.
Mr. Speaker, in closing, let me simply say that we on this committee
know that we are the committee that will determine the future of our
Nation and the standing of the world when it comes to science. And we
have taken our work very seriously. I am grateful to all of the
members. We know we cannot be any better than the people who we involve
and use their talents, and we must do that as well.
Mr. Speaker, I thank all of the members of the committee on both
sides of the aisle for staying with us and working through all that we
know we need to do to come together to look out for the future of our
Nation's scientific enterprise.
Mr. Speaker, I ask all of the persons, my colleagues, to support this
bill and vote ``yes.''
Mr. Speaker, I yield back the balance of my time.
The SPEAKER pro tempore. The question is on the motion offered by the
gentlewoman from Texas (Ms. Johnson) that the House suspend the rules
and pass the bill, H.R. 3593, as amended.
The question was taken.
The SPEAKER pro tempore. In the opinion of the Chair, two-thirds
being in the affirmative, the ayes have it.
Mr. GRIFFITH. Mr. Speaker, on that I demand the yeas and nays.
The SPEAKER pro tempore. Pursuant to section 3(s) of House Resolution
8, the yeas and nays are ordered.
Pursuant to clause 8 of rule XX, further proceedings on this motion
are postponed.
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